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World  Book  of  Temperance 

TILMPILRANCE.  LILSSONS 

BIBLICAL  HISTORICAL  SCILNTIFIC 


CEMtTERY 


My-.  "  ■-% 


PLEASE  NOTE 

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Thank  you  for  helping  to  preserve  the 
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n:v   27  1922 


?S     r.en/s      \3     i/i*/t^.ad) 


World  Book  of  Temperance 

TZ^MPILRANCE.  LILSSONS 

BIBLICAL  HISTORICAL  SCILNTinC 


"LIBERTY"    DARKENING   THE    WORLD. 

With   apologies  to   Bartliokli,   tlie  desiijiier  of  tbe  famous   statue  at   tlie  entrance  of   New   York 

Harbor. 

BY    DR.    AND    MRS.  WILBUR  F.  CRAFTS, 
Teachers    of    New   York   Christian  Herald  Million  Bible  Class 

Revised  and   Enlarged   Edition,  1909. 
THE    INTERNATIONAL   REFORM    BUREAU^,    206  Pennsylvania  Ave.,  .s.  e.,  Washington,  D.  C. 


Jmlor  College  and  Acaten^ 
Orange  Cfty, !««« 


Jesus  Christ:  To  this  end  was  the  Son  of  God  manifested  that  He  might  destroy 
the  works  of  the  devil.     (1  John  3:  8.) 

Mrs.  Mary  H.  Hunt:  The  star  of  hope  of  the  temperance  reform  is  over  the 
schoolhouse. 

Ex-Senator  Henry  W.  Blair,  U.  S.  1907  :  The  temperance  movement  must  include 
all  poisonous  substances  which  create  or  excite  unnatural  appetite,  and  international  pro- 
hibition is  the  goal. 

Inticrnational  Sunday-school  Convention,  Louisville,  Ky.,  U.  S.  A.,  1908 :  We 
rejoice  that  the  Sundiay-school  host  has  had  so  vital  a  share  in  abolishing  the  accursed 
traffic  [in  many  States  and  towns]  by  faithful  education  of  the  coming  generation  in 
Christian  principles,  and  in  economic  fact  seen  in  the  light  of  those  principles.  We  desire 
to  urge  upon  Sunday-schools  everywhere  a  consciousness  of  the  strategic  position  that 
the  Sunday-school  holds  in  the  campaign,,  and  to  commend  to  all  such  schools  the  most 
careful  and  thorough  teaching  of  the  Quarterly  Temperance  Lessons,  and  co-operation 
with  other  agencies  In  establishing  habits  of  total  abstinence  and  abolishing  the  liquor 
traffic. 

Cardinal  Manning  :  The  chief  bar  to  the  working  of  the  Holy  Spirit  of  God  in  the 
souls  of  men  and  women  is  intoxicating  drink.  I  know  of  no  antagonist  to  that  good 
Spirit  more  subtle,  more  stealthy,  more  ubiquitous  than  intoxicating  drink.  Though  I 
have  known  men  and  women  destroyed  for  all  manner  of  reasons,  yet  I  know  of  no 
cause  that  affects  man,  woman,  child,  and  home  with  such  universality  of  power  as  intoxi- 
cating drink. 

Rev.  G.  Campbell  Morgan,  D.D.,  London,  1908 :  If  at  this  crisis  the  Church  of  God 
does  not  speak,  then  she  is  guiltily  silent,  and  the  issue  will  be  her  own  condemnation  and 
undoing  in  the  days  that  lie  ahead.  We  must  remember  when  Christ  challenged  evil,  evil 
challenged  Christ.  We  must  remember  that  the  plea  of  the  devil  as  he  faced  Christ  was 
this:  Let  us  alone;  what  have  we  to  do  with  Thee?  What  was  Christ's  answer?  He 
rebuked  the  unclean  spirit  and  demanded  that  he  should  come  out,  and,  in  coming  out,  the 
spirit  cast  the  man  to  the  ground  and  rent  him.  Before  this  demon  comes  out  there  will 
be  much  rending.  .  .  I  know  the  difficulty  of  this  problem.  The  difticulty  of  it  is  that 
we  are  not  willing,  we  Christian  men  and  women,  to  submit  this  whole  question  to  the 
simple  arbitration  of  the  Christian  ideal. 

Rev.  Theodore  L.  Cuyler,  D.D.,  Ex-President  of  The  National  Temperance  Society, 
U.  S. :  If  Jesus  Christ  established  this  churL/i  for  the  very  purpose  of  saving  human 
society  from  its  sins,  then  the  hugest  sin  should  command  the  church's  most  serious  atten- 
tion. For  the  Christian  church  to  ignore  the  drink  evil  is  as  absurd  as  for  the  West 
Point  Military  Academy  to  ignore  the  use  of  artillery,  or  for  a  medical  college  to  ignore 
the  treatment  of  fevers. 

Clinton  N.  Howard,  Rochester,  U.  S.  A.,  in  address  to  Preachers'  Meeting  'there, 
1908:  A  religion  that  leaves  the  saloon  undisturbed,  unattacked,  is  not  worthy  to  be 
called  after  the  name  of  Jesus  Christ.  This  ethical  wave  against  the  saloon  has  come 
like  a  hurricane  upon  the  deck  of  a  pirate  ship.  There  is  but  one  explanation;  Jesus 
Christ  is  walking  across  the  American  Continent;  every  place  His  holy  foot  is  lifted 
leaves  a  dry  spot.  And  its  meaning  is,  the  liquor  traffic  must  and  shall  be  destroyed.  In 
the  name  of  Jesus  Christ,  the  King,  the  saloon  must  die. 

Copyright,    1908,   Wilbur   F.  Crafts,   but  free    permission  granted  to  republish,  with  due  credit, 

separate  chapters  and  extracts. 


^^ii^i^yJtU^i>^^^^^^ 


Ci'  27  i322 


PUBLISHER'S  PREFACE. 

11th  Thousand,  i9t)9. 

The  authors  of  this  book  have  been  leaders  for  many  years  both  in  tem- 
perance work  and  Sunday-school  work,  and  so  are  qualified  to  prepare  a  book 
tliat  brings  these  two  interests  together.  For  ten  years  they  have  been 
teaching  the  "Christian  Herald  .Million  Bible  Clas.s,"  wliic-h  is  ttie  largest 
Sunday-school  class  in  the  world.^'  PreviouMy  they  had  been../e.gular  lesson 
writers  in  The  Sunday-School  Times  and  other 'periodicals,.^.  *,.:•' 

Mrs.  Crafts  is  the  Sunday-school  S.vi-perintend^nt:'ot:the  World's  Woman's 
Christian  Temperance  Union,  and  it  is' her  special'*  Hilssion  to  promote  the 
teaching  of  the  Quarterly  Temperance  Lesson's,  all  over  the  world.--  This  book 
is,  therefore,  directly  in  the  line  of  her  official  duties,  though  I't  has  been  pre- 
pared for  a  wider  constituency,  including  colleges  and  public  schools,  and 
civic  clubs  of  many  kinds. 

Dr.  Crafts  has  been  a  temperance  lecturer  since  1867,  when  he  made  his 
first  temperance  address  as  a  youth  in  college.  He  has  long  been  connected 
with  the  leading  temperance  societies.  He  was  the  founder  and  is  now  the 
Superintendent  of  The  International  Reform  Bureau,  which  promotes  tem- 
perance and  other  reforms  in  many  lands^  and  has  taken  a  part  second  to 
none  in  the  recent  anti-opium  victories  in  three  continents.  He  is  the  author 
of  thirteen  moral  measures  that  have  passed  Congress,  and  of  several  success- 
ful books  on  moral  and  social  reform. 

This  book  has  beeajTi^repared  as  a  labor  of  love,  and  all  that  is  received 
by  the  sale  of  it  is  to  be  put  into  its  improvement  and  free  circulation  in  all 
parts  of  the  world. 

As  this  book  seeks  to  bring  the  great  army  of  earnest  Sunday-school 
people  into  intelligent  contact  with  the  liquor  problem  as  one  that  vitally  con- 
cerns the  young,  another  book,  prepared  by  the  same  authors  and  publishers, 
"Intoxicating  Drinks  and  Drugs"  (see  last  cover),  aims  to  bring  to  those 
interested  in  missionary  work  a  clear  vision  of  the  fact  that  their  work  cannot 
be  done  effectively  abroad  or  at  home  without  giving  due  attention  to  the 
supreme  hindrances  of  missions,  the  white  man's  rum  and  opium.  That  book 
is  mostly  made  up  of  matter  not  duplicated  in  this  book,  but  scarcely  less 
adapted  than  this  for  use  in  Sunday-schools.  Both  books,  with  full  indexes, 
place  at  hand  such  material  as  temperance  evangelists  and  sociologists  and 
civic  reformers  need  in  their  manifold  work. 

z;/^}^  Discarded  CSU 


TEMPERANCE  IN  SUNDAY  SCHOOLS  AND  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 


Dr.  Joseph  Cook,  LL.D.,  in  Boston 
Monday  Lecture,  March  lo,  1879: 

The  most  effective  international  so- 
ciety of  our  time  is  the  Sabbath-school. 
*  *  *  The  international  Sabbath- 
school  lessons  are  weaving  nations  in- 
to unity,  and  creating  a  spirit  which 


Dr.   Joseph  Cook,   LL.D. 

practically  makes  one  body  of  all 
evangelical  denominations.  What  I 
want  is  the  word  regeneration  uttered 
early  as  the  commencement  of  tem- 
perance reform,  and  uttered  by  the 
international  power  of  the  Church,  so 
that  the  whisper  of  science  on  this 
theme  may  be  heard  around  the  globe. 
There  are  many  ways  of  grasping  a 
vine  on  a  trellis-work.  You  may  seize 
the  tendril  here,  or  the  grape-cluster 
there;  but  your  better  way  is  to  lay 
hold  of  the  vine  by  the  trunk  near  the 
earth,  if  you  would  secure  at  once  all 
its  branches.  There  are  three  great 
words  in  the  temperance  reform: 
legislation,  abstinence,  regeneration. 
If  I  understand  the  theme  at  all,  only 
he  has  hold  of  the  trunk  of  the  vine 
of  reform  who  seizes  upon  personal 
regeneration  as  his  central  idea.     The 


church  zvhich  docs  most  for  the  child 
will  have  most  influence  with  the 
family.  Seize  upon  any  corner  of  the 
zveb  of  society  and  drazv  it  out  of  its 
tangles,  and  you  zvill  ultimately  drazv 
out  of  tangles  every  part  of  the  web 
of  the  world.  But  the  corner  from 
zvhich  the  tangles  unravel  the  most 
easily  zve  call  the  child.  The  Sabbath 
school  is  the  grappling-hook  betzveen 
the  loyal  under  the  Supreme  Theoc- 
racy and  the  disloyal.  *  *  *  Show 
the  children  Sinai;  shozv  the  children 
both  the  revealed  and  the  natural 
divine  lazvs;  shozv  the  children  Cal- 
vary; let  them  bozv  dozvn  in  total 
self-surrender  before  God,  as  both 
Redeemer  and  Lord;  and,  zvith  their 
hands  locked  internationally  as  now, 
He  zvill  bring  the  zvhole  planet  out  of 
*  *  *  intemperance,  out  of  sen- 
suality, and  so  near  His  ozvn  heart 
that  the  beating  of  His  pulses  zvill 
become  the  marching-song  of  the 
ages." 

Mrs.  Edith  Smith  Davis,  A.M.. 
Litt.D.,  Director  of  the  Bureau  of 
Scientific  Temperance  Investigation, 
and  Superintendent  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Scientific  Instruction  of  the 
World's  Woman's  Christian  Tem- 
perance Union,  writing  of  the  public 
schools : 

''The  child  must  be  protected  in  his 
physical  development  by  the  knowl- 
edge of  the  truth  concerning  alcohol. 
He  must  know  that  it  inflames  the 
stomach,  hardens  the  brain  tissues, 
zveakens  the  blood  vessels,  impov- 
erishes the  blood,  retards  the  elimina- 
tion of  waste  matter,  dims  the  eye, 
dulls  the  hearing,  and  creates  throat, 
lung,  kidney  and  liver  diseases.  These 
truths  must  be  given  simply,  con- 
tinuously and  pedagogically," 


AUTHORS^  INTRODUCTION, 


The  Son  of  God  was  manifested  that 
He  might  destroy  the  works  of  the  devil. 
The  Church  was  organized  that  it  might 
be  die  successor  of  Christ.  Can  any  one 
jmagine  the  works  of  the  devil  destroyed 
while  the  liquor  habit  and  the  liquor  traf- 
fic remain?  And  will  any  one  claim  that 
the  churches  generally  have  made  efforts 
to  "destroy"  these  supreme  evils  propor- 
tionate to  the  efforts  the  Satanic  forces 
have  successfully  made  to  perpetuate  and 
extend  them?  The  word  of  a  quaint 
saint  to  a  sleepy  church  is  appropriate : 
"Tf  you  were  as  much  in  earnest  as  you 
ought  to  be  you  would  work  like  the 
devil." 

The  temperance  organizations  are  only 
volunteer  scouting  parties,  whose  plucky 
skirmishes  have  delayed,  but  have  not 
stayed  the  onward  march  of  intemperance 
and  its  allies.  During  the  last  half  cen- 
tury, in  which  more  temperance  societies 
have  been  organized  in  the  United  States- 
than  in  all  other  countries  and  centuries, 
the  consumption  of  liquors  has  advanced 
every  year,  except  during  financial  panics, 
until  from  four  gallons  per  capita  in  1844 
it  was  twenty-three  in  1907. 

It  ought  by  this  time  to  be  clear  that 
nothing  less  than  the  main  army  of  the 
Church  of  God  can  win  decisive  victories 
over  these  mighty  enemies  of  God  and 
man.  It  ought  to  be  evident  also  that  it 
is  not  enough  to  "get  right  with  God.'' 
That  is  indeed  "the  first  and  great  com- 
mandment." But  "the  Second,"  said 
Christ,  "is  like  unto  the  first" — like  it 
in  importance,  and  should  receive  "like'' 
attention :  Get  right  with  men.  The  first 
commandment  puts  us  right  with  God  per- 
sonally, but  the  second  is  needed  to  right 
the  more  complicated  social  relations  of 
men  in  business  and  politics  and  pleasure, 
which  can  be  done  only  by  education  and 
organization. 

The  only  general  recognition  of  this 
second  hemisphere  of  social  ethics  in 
the  regular  schedules  of  the  churches 
of  the  world  is  the  quarterly  temper- 
ANCE Lesson.  It  has  won  four  places  in 
the  church  year,  not  by  the  votes  of  eccle- 
siastical bodies,  but  by  the  voles  of  the 
International    Sunday-school    Association. 

In  the  far  future.  Dr.  Frances  E.  Wil- 
lard.  so  long  the  leader  of  the  Woman's 
Christian  Temperance  Union,  will  prob- 
ably be  even  more  honored  for  introducing 
the  Quarterly  Temperance  Lesson  into  the 
Sunday-schools,  and  so  into  the  churches 
of  the  world.  Earnest  eflfort  has  been 
needed  ever  since,  in  which  the  authors  of 


this  book  have  led,  to  "hold  the  fort." 
Surely  those  good  men  who  have  lightly 
proposed  to  surrender  these  temperance 
lessons,  or  have  taught  them  half  heartedly. 
have  not  seen  the  great  importance  of  these 


Fkances    E.    Willard,    LL.D. 

strategic  positions  in  which  social  ethics, 
so  long  barred  out  of  the  regular  church 
activities,  has  achieved  at  least  standing 
room. 

We  suggest  that  each  Quarterly  Tem- 
perance Lesson  be  supplemented  by  a 
temperance  sermon,  a  prayer  meeting 
conference  on  the  same  problem,  and  a 
civic  revival  in  which  the  moral  forces  of 
a  whole  town  or  city  shall  use  the  same 
continuity  of  meetings  for  social  regener- 
ation as  has  been  so  long  and  effectively 
used    for    individual    conversions. 

One  reason  why  temperance  lessons  have 
not  been  more  appreciated  is  that  many 
teachers  assume  that  respectable  children 
are  in  no  danger;  but  they  are — and  in  any 
case  should  be  trained  to  fight  what  Christ 
came  to  "destroy."  Another  difficulty  has 
been  that  most  lesson  writers  and  teachers 
have  not  had  at  hand,  in  compendious  form, 
sane  expositions  and  accurate  statistics  and 
timely  illustrations  to  make  temperance  les- 
sons  interesting  and   effective. 

This  book  is  a  modest  effort  to  meet  that 
want  through  lessons  adapted  for  use  in 
all  continents,  not  in  Sunday-schools  alone, 
but  in  all  other  schools,  and  in  out  of 
school  temperance  education  extension. 

Many  of  these  lessons  were  first  taught 
in  our  "Christian  Herald  Million  Bible 
Class,"  and  we  are  indebted  to  its  pro- 
prietor. Dr.  Louis  Klopsch.  for  permission 
to  reprint  these  lessons,  with  their  artistic 
illustrations.  Much  has  been  added,  and 
all  is  fraternally  submitted  for  worldwide 
"^^-  Wilbur   F.    Crafts. 

Sara  J.  Crafts. 

Washington,  D.   C,   Oct.   12,   1908. 


Otji03^"> 


ANALYTICAL   HYGIENIC    INDEX. 


Scientific  Authors  Quoted 

Aschaffeobui-ij,  Prof.,  227. 
Atwater,  Prof.,  45,  70,  276. 
Biiiitock,  Dr.,  65. 
Baer,  Dr.,  13. 
Barr,  Dr.  James,  76. 
Bergmau,  Dr.   Paul,  78. 
Berthelot,  M.,  276. 
Biondi,  Dr.,  76. 
Bowman,  Dr.,  65. 
Bremer,  Dr.  L.,  223. 
Bruuou,  Dr.,  265. 
Bruuton,  Dr.  T.  L.,  65 
Burgeu,    Dr.    S.    H.,    121, 

122,  124. 
Campo,  Gonzales,  75. 
Chase,  Dr.  R.  I.,  76. 
Chittenden,  Prof.,  23,  75. 
Cdi'visart.  Dr..  23. 
Cushinu-,  Dr.,  93. 
Debove,   Pruf.,  131. 
Demme,  Prof.,  77. 
Dickson,   Dr.,  65. 
Dnrig,  Dr.,  78. 
Fleis?.   C,   267. 
Forel,  Prof.,  14,  45,  77. 
Fiiirer,  Dr.,  227. 
Gamier,  Dr.,  276. 
Hagrgard,  Dr.,  49. 
Hall,   Dr.  W.  S.,  37. 
Helsingfors,   Prof.,  78. 
Hericourt,  Dr.,  276. 
Hodge,   Prof.  C.   F.,  77. 
Hopkins,  Dr.   H.  R.,  22. 
Horslev,  Sir  Victor,  189. 
Janeway,  Dr.  E.  G.,  73. 
Kerr,  Dr.  N.,  65. 
Kirkley,  Dr.  C.  A.,  122. 
Knopf,  Dr.  S.  A.,  76. 
Kraepelin,  Dr.,  227. 
Kurz,  Dr.,  227. 
Laitinen,  Prof.,  76,  77,  265. 
Lancereanx.  Dr.,  276. 
Legrain.  Dr.,  276. 
Lorenz,  Dr.,  194. 
Lungren,    Dr.    S.    S.,    121, 

122. 
MacFarland,  Dr.  A.,  124. 
MacNichol.   Dr.  T.  A.,  77. 
Magnam,  Dr..  276. 
Martins,  Prof.  F.,  77. 
McKeever,    Prof.    W.    A., 

267. 
Mendel,  Prof.,  23,  75. 
Metclmikoff,  Prof..  276. 
Parmalee,  Dr.  M.  H.,  123. 
Parville,  Dr.  M.  H.,  2.3. 
Pierotti,  Signor,  41. 
Poppert,  Dr.  II.,  265. 
Rankin.  Dr.  Reg.,  80. 
Reid,  Dr.,  76. 
Richardson,    Dr.    B.    W., 

20,  65. 
Richet,  Dr.  C,  276. 
Ridenour,  Dr.  W.  T.,  122. 

123. 
Riley,  Dr.  W.  II.,  26.5. 
Rosenfield,  Dr.  G.,  76. 
Roux,  Dr.  M.,  276. 


Scientific     Temperance    Education. 

Alcohol  is  one  of  the  greatest  benefactors  of  humanity  in  the 
manufacture  of  ether,  chloroform  and  other  anesthetics,  but  as  a 
drink  it  is  a  relic  of  barbarism.  The  day  is  not  far  away  when 
all  the  distilleries  of  the  country  will  be  needed  to  manufacture 
it  for  purposes  of  light,  heating:  and  power. — Dr.  T.  D.  Crothers. 

1.  Water,  fruit  juices  and  milk  the  natural  drinks,  17,  20,  22,  2.3, 
30,   32,  34,  36,  37,  50,  65,  69,  102. 

2.  Alcohol  not  a  beverage  or  fluid  required  by  the  bod.v,  102; 
but  a  poison,  59,  122.  127;  which  produces  other  poisons 
when  taken  in  the  body,  72. 

3.  It  is  not  a  food  or  nutrient,  but  impairs  digestion,  23,  65,  69, 
70,  73,  75. 

1  It  is  not  a  stimulant  (except  as  it  inflames  the  lower  nature, 
14,  27,  33)  ;  but  a  narcotic,  35,  36,  65,  76,  122,  131,  189. 

5.  As  a  narcotic  it  has  a  dulling  effect  on  the  nerves  and  brain, 
11,  14,  05,  71,  77,  78,  123,  181,  194,  228,  265. 

6.  It  befogs  the  judgment  and  weakens  other  mental  powers, 
30,  46,  51,  63,  71,  77,  78,  94,  123,  124,  187,  188. 

7.  It  dims  the  physical  and  moral  vision,  10,  12,  30,  50,  72,  73, 
78,  94,  126,  207. 

8.  It  causes  accidents,  71,  72,  75,  104. 

9.  It  does  not  strengthen,  but  weakens,  23,  37,  50,  65,  77,  131, 
186,  187,  2.3.3,  235;  and  is  therefore  tabooed  bv  athletes,  14, 
19,  45,  49,  70,  80,  103,  266. 

10.  P.ecause  it  injures  body,  mind  and  morals,  employers  require 
abstinence  among  their  men  to  an  increasing  degree,  14,  30, 
45,  46,  49,  77,  93,  99. 

11.  It  injures  general  health,  59,  63,  69,  70,  98,  102,  104,  121,  131, 
190,   235. 

12.  It  lessens  resistance  to  disease,  20,  76,  104,  121,  123;  and 
hinders  recovery  iu  cases  of  surgery,  20,  65. 

13.  It  promotes  tuberculosis  and  other  diseases,  65,  76,  122,  123, 
131. 

14.  It  accelerates  degeneracy,  65,  77,  124,  1.31. 

15.  It  shortens  life,  as  shown  by  mortality  and  life  insurance 
statistics,  14,  21,  45,  104,  121,  122,  131. 

16.  Alcohol  as  a  medicine  gradually  being  given  up,  34,  65,  73, 
76,  231,  2.32:  by  some  successful  physicians  altogether,  because 
there  are  less  dangerous  substitutes,  247;  by  many  moi-e 
used  cautiously  as  a  powerful  drug,  23,  241,  242,  245. 

17.  Tobacco  also  harmful,  93,  103,  126,  155,  183,  223,  267. 


Rubin,  Dr.,  76,  227. 
Rush,  Dr.  Benj..  75,  115. 
Rybakow,  Dr.,  77. 
Smith,  Dr.  A.,  78. 
Smith,  Dr.  H.,  65. 
Specht,  Dr.,  78. 
Thome,  Dr.  S.  S.,  123. 
Tliompson,  Sir  Henry,  65. 
Treves,  Sir  F.,  122. 


Von  Bunge,   Prof.,  77. 
Weiss.  Dr.,  276. 
Wessel,  Dr.  A.,  40. 
Williams,   Dr.   II.    S.,  227, 

229. 
Wilson,  Dr.  D.,  70. 
AVolff,  Dr.,  41. 
Woods,  Dr.  .T.  T.,  122,  124. 
Woodward,  Dr.  Sims,  65. 


CONTENTS 

PART    I.— BIBLE    TEMPERANCE    LESSONS. 

/c^«  ..    c-  ..,,,1    f,i,.,i   Tvi...^  for  other  iiidoxes;   p.    207    for    TeiiiperiiiKe    ("onimentary    (use    for   , 
namiiona?-  heU-    ^a    l!;n7;u...th,..'    lh.Us'\vlth  'eUry    lesson);    Re.-ltations    (see  Topk-al   Index). 

Sacrificing  Future  Good  for  Present  Appetites    (Genesis   25) 9 

God's  Great  Gift  of  Water  (Exodus  17) 1"^ 

God's  Flaming  Displeasure  at  Drink  in  the  Church  (Leviticus  10) 2,-> 

The  Nazarite  Pledge,  "Limited,"  the  First  Temperance  Pledge   (Numbers  6) 33 

The  First  Total  Abstinence  Fraternity   (Jeremiah  35) 39 

How  the  Pitcher  Led  to  Victory  and  the  Bottle  to  Defeat  (Judges  7) 47 

A  Traffic  to  be  Hated  and  Destroyed   (Psalm  10) 55 

"Whosoever  is  Deceived  Thereby  is  Not  Wise"   (Proverbs  20) 63 

••^Wisdom's  Warnings  Against  Wine    (Proverbs  23) 69 

Alcohol's  Harvest  of  Woes   (Isaiah  5) '^^ 

Nation's  Destroyed  by  Drink   (Isaiah  28) 87 

When  in  Babylon  Do  as  Babylonians  Ought  to  Do  (Daniel  1) 97 

Sports  that  Kill    (Daniel  5) 105 

Drink  Outherods  Herod    (Mark  6) 113 

♦Drugging  the   Guards    (Luke  12) 12» 

Your  Father  Calls,  Come  Home   (Luke  15)    > 133 

*«How  Love  Keeps  and  Liquor  Breaks  the  Commandments  (Romans  13) 145 

♦Christianity  an  Abstinence  Religion  (Romans  14) 153 

*For  the  Sake  of  Others  (1  Corinthians  10) 159 

*True  and  False  Liberty   (Galatians  5) 165 

The  Holy  Spirit  a  True  Stimulant  (Ephesians  5) 171 

Why  Abstain ?   (1  Thessalonians  5) 1'^^ 

The  Spiritual  Conquering  the  Spirituous  (1  Peter  4) 191 

The  Holy  City  Coming  Down  (Revelation  21) 197 

Temperance  Tour  of  the  World 203 

PART    II.— TEMPERANCE  COMPEND  AND    CYCLOPEDIC    INDEXES. 

Temperance  Commentary  and  Biblical  Index 207 

Temperance    Chronology   and    Chronological    Index 229 

Temperance  Sayings  of  Eminent  Men  and  Biographical  Index 2o3 

Blackboard  Temperance  Lessons 257 

Liquor    Dealers'    Claims    Answered 265 

Why   the    Cigarette   Evil    Must   Be  Combated 267 

Foods  as  Temperance  Auxiliaries    269 

The    Allied    Reforms 275 

Temperance    Literature 277 

Topical     Index 281 

Geographical    Index 284 

International    Reform    Bureau 286 

International   Sunday-School  Association  Pledge 288 

*Intei-national  Sunday-school  Temperance  Lessons  for  1909  are:  June  27,  Rom.  13:  8-14; 
Sept.  26,  1  Cor.  10:  23-33;  Nov.  28,  Rom.  14:  10-21. 

For  1910  the  lessons  are:  Feb.  20,  Matt.  7:  1-12  (treating  Golden  Rule  as  basis^of  temper- 
ance, which  closely  accords  with  lesson  above  on  Rom.  13);  May  8,  Prov.  23:  29-35;  Sept.  25, 
Gal.  5:  15-26;  Nov.  13,  Matt.  20:  17-30  (a  lesson  on  "Watchfulness,"  to  wMch  lesson  above  on 
Luke  12  is  devoted). 


CIVIC    RIGHTEOUSNESS    PRELUDE. 

I 

The  International  Sunday-school  Convention  has  suggested  that  Temper- 
ance Sunday  should  deal  with  civic  righteousness,  not  temperance  alone. 

Supt.   (or  Pastor  )  :  What  is  civic  righteousness? 

Asst.  Supt.  (or  school  )  :  It  is  doing  right  in  matters  of  government;  the 
citizen  doing  right  in  every  vote,  the  State  in  every  law. 

Supt.  In  what  words  are  Christians  required  by  their  Master  to  per- 
form their  duties  to  government  as  well  as  their  duties  to  God? 

Asst.  Supt.  "Render  to  Csesar  the  things  that  are  Caesar's,  and  to  God 
the  things  that  are  God's." 

Supt.  What  is  the  practical  meaning  of  that  law,  and  the  deeper  one 
on  which  all  law  is  based,  "Thou  shalt  love  God  and  thy  neighbor"? 

Asst.  Supt.  All  these  divine  laws  aim  to  establish  right  relations — 
right  relations  between  man  and  God,  first;  then  between  man  and  man,  the 
double  relation   that  constitutes  religion. 

Supt.  And  what  does  government  have  to  do  with  securing  these  right 
relations  ? 

Asst.  Supt.  Government,  so  far  as  it  uses  force  and  penalty,  aims  only 
to  establish  right  relations  between  man  and  man. 

Supt.  What  does  civic  righteousness  require  of  a  Christian  citizen  and 
a  "Christian  nation"  in  the  matter  of  temperance,  in  view  of  the  fact  that 
intemperance,  more  than  almost  anything  else,  destroys  "right  relations" 
between  man  and  man?  Do  any  of  the  Ten  Commandments  condemn  our 
drinking  usages  or  our  drink  traffic? 

Alcohol  is  the  Decalogue's  worst  foe,  and  abstinence  is  its  best  friend. 
But  it  is  a  great  error  to  suppose  there  are  only  ten  commandments.  Surely 
New  Testament  commandments  are  no  less  binding,  and  one  of  them,  for- 
merly mistranslated,  is,  "Abstain  from  every  form  of  evil." 

Supt.  Have  teachers  and  religious  teachers  any  right  tO'  teach  tem- 
perance ? 

Asst.  Supt.  Surely  we  ought  to  teach  what  our  churches  have  so  often 
approved  by  resolutions,  even  if  we  had  not  stronger  reasons  in  our  Bibles, 
in  whose  pages  prophets  and  apostles  reasoned  with  kings  of  "righteousness, 
temperance  and  a  judgment  to  come." 

Supt.  For  kings  there  was  a  "judgment  to  come,"  but  is  there  a  judg- 
ment day  for  governments  and  for  nations? 

Asst.  Supt.  Their  judgment  days,  the  Bible  teaches,  come  in  this  world, 
and  every  great  world  empire  of  antiquity  has  undergone  sentence  of  death 
for  its  sins.  Not  one  government  since  the  world  began  has  flourished  a 
thousand  years.  It  was  not  to  an  individual  but  to  a  nation  that  revival  text 
was  first  spoken,  that  would  be  most  appropriate  for  a  civic  revival  to  save  a 
whole  city,  "Prepare  to  meet  thy  God,  O  Israel!" 


Sacrificing  Future  Good  for  Present  Appetites* 


Genesis    25:    27-34;    27:    19-27. 


2y  And  the  boys  grew :  and  Esau  was  a 
skilful  hunter,  a  man  of  the  field;  and  Jacob 
was  a  quiet  man,  dwelling  in  tents.  28  Now 
Isaac  loved  Esau,  because  he  did  eat  of 
his    venison :    and    Rebekah    loved    Jacob. 

29  And  Jacob  boiled  pottage:  and  Esau 
came  in  from  the  field,  and  he  was  faint: 

30  And  Esau  said  to  Jacob,  Feed  me,  I  pray 
thee,  with  that  same  red  pottage;  for  I  am 
faint:  therefore  was  his  name  called  Edom. 

31  And  Jacob  said.  Sell  me  first  thy  birth- 
right. 32  And  Esau  said,  Behold,  I  am 
about  to  die:  and  what  profit  shall  the 
birthright  do  to  me?  33  And  Jacob  said. 
Swear  to  me  first;  and  he  sware  unto  him: 
and  he  sold  his  birtliright  unto  Jacob.  34 
And  Jacob  gave  Esau  bread  and  pottage 
of  lentils;  and  he  did  eat  and  drink,  and 
rose  up,  and  went  his  way  :  so  Esau  despised 
his  birthright. 


19  And  Jacob  said  unto  his  father,  I  am 
Esau  thy  first-born:  I  have  done  according 
as  thou  badest  me:  arise,  I  pray  thee,  sit 
and   eat  of  my  venison,  that  thy  soul  may 


bless  me.  20  And  Isaac  said  unto  his  son, 
How  is  it  that  thou  hast  found  it  so  quickly, 
my  son?  And  he  said.  Because  Jehovah 
thy  God  sent  me  good  speed.  21  And  Isaac 
said  unto  Jacob,  Come  near,  I  pray  thee, 
that  I  may  feel  thee,  my  son,  whether  thou 
be  my  very  son  Esau  or  not.  22  And  Jacob 
went  near  unto  Isaac  his  father;  and  he 
felt  him,  and  said.  The  voice  is  Jacob's 
voice,  but  the  hands  are  the  hands  of  Esau. 
23  And  he  discerned  him  not,  because  his 
hands  were  hairy,  as  his  brother  Esau's 
hands:  so  he  blessed  him.  24  And  he  said, 
Art  thou  my  very  son  Esau  ?  And  he  said, 
I  am.  25  And  he  said,  Bring  it  near  to 
me,  and  I  will  cat  of  my  son's  venison,  that 
my  soul  may  bless  thee.  And  he  brought  it 
near  to  him,  and  he  did  eat :  and  he  brought 
him  wine,  and  he  drank.  26  And  his  father 
Isaac  said  unto  him.  Come  near  now,  and 
kiss  me,  my  son.  27  And  he  came  near, 
and  kissed  him:  and  he  smelled  the  smell 
of  his  raiment,  and  blessed  him,  and  said,  I 
See,  the  smell  of  my  son  is  as  the  smell  of  1 
a  field  which  Jehovah  hath  blessed.  I 


Note. — We  insert  as  the  test  critical  commentary  on  these  lessons  the  American  Revised 
text,  representing  ten  years'  work  of  the  one  hundred  foremost  Hebrew  and  Greek  scholars 
of  the  English-speaking  world — the  points  in  which  the  American  scholars  differed  being  in 
preference  for  accuracy  even  where  some  conservative  ecclesiastical  tradition  was  involved. 
We  assume  that  Sunday-school  teachers  need  little  more  of  exposition,  and  devote  these  lessons 
chiefly   to  application  and  illustration  by  which   these  old  truths  may  be  fitted  to  present  needs. 


Golden  Text  :     The  priest  and  the  prophet  reel  zvith  strong  drink 
vision,  they  stumble  in  judgment. — Isa.  28:  7. 


they  err  in 


Here  are  stories  of  two  hunts  of 
Esau,  the  twin  brother  of  Jacob,  both 
sons  of  Isaac  and  Rebekah.  By  a 
moment's  precedence  Esau  was  the 
elder  and  so  entitled  to  the  "birth- 
right," which  carried  about  the  same 
privileges  that  pertain  to  the  elder  son 
in  a  noble  British  family — the  largest 
share  of  the  family  estate  and  the 
family  honors,  and,  in  the  Abrahamic 
line,  a  special  blessing  of  God  also  for 
this  world  and  the  other.  Such  was  the 
priceless  gem  that  the  reckless  hunter, 
Esau,  possessed,  but  did  not  prize, 
being  absorbed  in  the  pleasures  of  the 
passing  moment.  Returning  hungry 
from  the  hunt,  ne  found  the  quiet, 
agricultural,      home  -  keeping      Jacob 


cooking  some  savory  soup  of  red 
lentils,  and  earnestly  appealed  for  a 
share  of  it.  Jacob  replied,  "I  will 
trade  my  soup  for  your  birthright." 
It  was  as  if  he  had  said,  "I  will  give 
you  fifteen  minutes  enjoyment  of 
fifteen  cents  worth  of  soup  if  you 
will  give  me  your  future."  And  Esau 
accepted,  made  the  hard  bargain,  say- 
ing to  his  conscience  and  his  judg- 
ment because  he  felt  a  little  hungry 
and  faint,  "Behold  I  am  about  to  die, 
and  what  profit  shall  the  birthright  do 
to  me?" 

It  is  one  of  the  most  incredible 
stories  of  the  Bible,  yet  no  skeptic 
ever  challenged  it,  for  young  and  old 
are    repeating    every    day,    in    every 


lO 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


town,  that  wicked  and  foolish  ex- 
change of  future  good  for  piesent 
enjoyment  of  appetite  or  passion.  In 
every  city  every  day  there  are  even 
children  of  godly  parents,  who,  for 
fifteen  minutes  of  sinful  pleasure,  will 
give  future  health  and  happiness,  the 
respect  of  men  and  the  blessing  of 
God  for  both  worlds. 

There  is  not  a  word  about  intoxi- 
cants in  this  part  of  the  story,  and  the 
superficial  method  of  selecting  as  tem- 
perance lessons  only  passages  where 
wine  or  drunkenness  is  specifically 
mentioned,  has  prevented  the  assign- 
ment of  this  story  for  a  temperance 
lesson.  But  it  goes  to  the  very  root 
of  the  trouble,  and  although  not  even 
gluttony  is  alleged  in  this  story  it 
reveals  the  very  characteristic  of  hu- 
man nature  that  enables  the  liquor 
dealers  of  to-day  to  lure  the  generous 
Esaus  of  our  time  into  bargaining 
away  property  and  health  and  hope 
and  Heaven  for  a  momentary  ex- 
citation. 

Blinded  by  Wine. 

Again,  some  time  later,  Esau 
returns  ^rom  the  hunt,  expecting  to 
steal  from  his  brother  the  birthright 
he  has  sold.  But  his  treachery  has 
been  checkmated  by  his  brother's 
treachery.  Dishonesty  has  been  de- 
feated by  lying.  Isaac  had  sent  Esau 
to  the  hunt  with  the  promise  that  he 
should  have  the  birthright  blessing 
when  he  returned  and  once  more 
delighted  his  father's  appetite  with  a 
feast  of  deer  meat.  In  Esau's  absence 
Jacob  has  successfully  impersonated 
him  by  cooking  a  kid,  whose  meat  he 
declares  to  be  the  expected  venison, 
and  by  putting  the  kid's  soft  hair  on 
his  hands,  that  they  may  feel  like 
Esau's,  and  by  dosing  his  father  with 
wine  that  all  his  senses  and  his  judg- 
ment may  be  the  more  easily  fooled, 
Jacob  has  secured  the  birthright 
blessing,   and   Esau,   whose   bad  bar- 


gain is  thus  confirmed,  in  all  his 
life,  "found  no  place  for  repentance, 
though  he  sought  it  diligently,  with 
tears." 

The  deeper  temperance  teaching  of 
this  story  is  the  misleading  influence 
of  appetite,  even  in  eating,  when  it 
leads  to  the  sacrifice  of  future  good, 
as  in  Esau,  or  to  unwise  choice  of 
favorites,  as  in  Isaac.  But  the  use 
of  wine  to  deepen  the  blindness  of 
Isaac  is  significant,  even  though  Jacob 
did  not  know  as  fully  as  modern 
scientists,  or  even  as  wejl  as  Isaiah, 
that  it  makes  men  "err  in  vision  and 
stumble  in  judgment."  That  is  why 
bad  men  used  to  treat  before  a  trade. 
Julia  Colman,  in  "The  Independent" 
for  March  22,  1894,  gives  numerous 
instances  where  auctioneers  and  sales- 
men, by  dosing  prospective  purchasers 
with  wine  and  beer,  have  led  them 
to  offer  many  times  the  value  of  the 
goods.  When  a  Christian  man,  about 
to  sell  a  standing  forest  years  ago, 
refused  to  supply  liquors  to  the  crowd, 
as  was  then  usual,  the  auctioneer  said, 
"I  am  sorry,  for  the  trees  look  larger 
and  men  feel  more  generous  when 
they  have  been  drinking,  and  you  will 
get  lower  prices  by  omitting  the 
drink."  It  reminds  us  of  the  custom 
in  China  to  order  one  scale  to  sell  by 
and  another  by  which  to  buy.  No 
less  unjust  is  the  man  who  uses  drink 
to  increase  his  selling  price ;  no  less 
foolish  the  buyer  who  accepts  drink 
when  it  is  so  manifestly  at  his  own 
cost. 

Here  is  an  experiment  by  Dr.  Mc- 
Culloch  to  show  how  alcohol  dulls  the 
perceptions : 

"Hold  a  mouthful  of  spirits — whis- 
key, for  instance — in  your  mouth  for 
five  minutes,  and  you  will  find  it 
burns  severely ;  inspect  the  mouth, 
and  you  will  find  it  inflamed.  Hold  it 
for  ten  or  fifteen  minutes,  and  you 
will  find  that  various  parts  of  the 
interior   of   the    mouth    have   become 


Sacrificing  Future  Good  for  Present  Appetites. 


II 


ISAAC,  DECEIVED  BY  JACOB.      (See  Commentary  on  Gen.  25.) 


blistered ;  then  tie  a  handkerchief 
over  the  eyes,  and  taste,  for  instance, 
water,  vinegar,  milk,  or  senna,  and 
you  will  find  that  you  are  incapable 
of  distinguishing  one  from  another. 
This  experiment  proves  to  a  certainty 
that  alcohol  is  not  only  a  violent  irri- 
tant, but  also  a  narcotic." 

Abrahams  of  To-day» 

The  Bible  reveals  not  only  the 
divine  nature,  but  also  human  nature. 
As  in  Christ  we  behold  God,  in  other 
Bible  characters  we  should  find  our 
own  portraits  for  warning  and  en- 
couragement. Everybody  in  the  Bible 
and  everybody  in  the  census  is  either 
an  Abraham,  an  Isaac,  a  Jacob,  or  an 
Esau.  In  every  age  and  in  every 
community  Abrahams  are  few,  often 
solitary.     You  are  not  an  Abraham 


unless  you  "dare  to  stand  alone"  for 
the  right.  Surely  you  are  not  an 
Abraham  if  you  say,  "When  you  are 
in  Rome  do  as  the  Romans  do." 
Abraham  in  Ur  refused  to  err  as  all 
the  other  people  erred  in  their  idol- 
atry and  its  accompanying  wicked- 
ness. Idolatry  then  usually  included 
both  drink  and  lust,  the  worship  of 
Bacchus  and  Venus  under  many 
names.  He  dared  to  be  out  of  fashion 
when  fashion  was  lewd,  as  it  often  is 
to-day  in  dress  and  dance.  The  Abra- 
hams have  this  pre-eminent  charac- 
teristic, they  lead  individually  in  the 
right  instead  of  being  led  by  the 
crowd  in  the  wrong.  "How  much  is 
a  man  better  than  a  sheep?"  Not 
much,  except  here  and  there  an  Abra- 
ham. The  story  is  pertinent  here  of 
the    flock    of    sheep,    of    which   one 


1^ 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


leaped  through  a  low  place  in  the 
stone  wall  and  fell  into  an  empty  well 
just  beyond.  Every  one  of  the  flock 
made  the  same  leap  and  fell  into  the 
same  well,  from  which  they  were 
dragged  out,  some  wounded,  others 
dead.  "All  we  like  sheep  have  gone 
astray,"  in  blind  imitation  of  the 
crowd  we  are  in. 

Temperance  Votes  Not  Lost, 

Let  me  quote  a  temperance  mes- 
sage, suggested  by  Abraham's  prac- 
tical faith,  from  the  great  temperance 
orator,  Hon.  John  G.  Wooley,  whose 
lectures  are  largely  Bible  expositions 
that  show  how  many  passages  of  the 
Bible,  that  say  nothing  of  wine,  bear 
on  the  temperance  warfare.  No  one 
who  had  read  his  lectures  could  have 
said,  as  did  a  former  secretary  of 
the  Sunday-School  Lesson  Committee, 
that  there  were  not  twenty-four  pas- 
sages in  the  Bible  suitable  for  tem- 
perance lessons : 

"Four  words  answer  all  arguments. 
*We  must  be  politic,'  says  one.  'Not 
with  my  bottle.'  'They  will  have  it.' 
'Not  from  my  bottle.'  Tt  will  always 
be  drunk.'  'Not  from  my  bottle.' 
'Men  have  a  right  to  drink.'  'Not 
from  my  bottle.'  'It  will  be  sold  on 
the  sly.'  'Not  from  my  bottle.'  Per- 
haps the  saloon  is  to  go  on.  I  am 
not  bound  to  abolish  it,  but  only  my 
interest  in  it.  There  are  millions  of 
voters  in  the  United  Statt»;  I'll  vote 
my  fraction  right,  and  every  time  I 
vote  I'll  carry  my  share  of  that  elec- 
tion as  long  as  God  is  alive.  That 
may  not  do  the  saloon  any  harm,  but 
will  be  good  for  me.  I  am  not  bound 
to  be  successful,  but  I  am  bound  to  be 
true.  A  square  man  is  never  wrong 
side  up.  'My  vote  won't  count?' 
Listen :  "Abraham  believed  God  and 
it  was  counted.'  " 

It  is  not  so  hard  to  find 


Modern  Isaacs, 

the  gentlemen  and  gentlewomen,  con- 
stitutionally quiet  and  peaceful,  who 
do  neither  so  much  good  nor  so  much 
evil  as  the  more  strenuous  Abrahams, 
Isaac,  in  an  age  of  polygamy,  had  but 
one  wife,  and  in  a  period  when  war 
was  frequent  never  drew  the  sword. 
About  the  only  faults  told  of  him  are : 
that  he  lied  about  Rebekah  to  the 
Philistines,  forgetting  how  such  "a 
lie  to  save  life"  on  the  lips  of  his 
father  in  Egypt  had  made  matters 
worse ;  and  that  he  showed  a  foolish 
partiality  in  his  family ;  and  that  he 
was  an  ancient  illustration  of  that  true 
saying  of  the  wicked  to-day,  that 
"good  people  are  easily  fooled,"  which 
was  due  in  the  story  under  discussion 
not  only  to  blindness  and  senility,  but 
still  more  to  the  wine  that  he  foolishh' 
took  from  Jacob,  who  knew  it  would 
make  him  blinder  yet.  Isaacs  may  be 
found  by  the  million  to-day.  Even 
bad  business  that  can  put  enough 
money  into  print,  can  make  them 
think  they  need  poisonous  and  fraudu- 
lent medicines,  or  convince  them  that 
an  acknowledged  curse  by  another 
name  is  a  blessing.  If  you  are  an 
Isaac  add  to  your  goodness  wisdom. 

Modern  Jacobs* 

The  Jacobs  abound  on  our  business 
streets,  the  professedly  Christian  mer- 
chants, in  whose  hearts  conscience 
and  covetousness  are  ever  wrestling — 
so  well  pictured  in  Howells'  New 
England  stories.  It  was  hard  work 
for  these  Jacobs  of  to-day  to  get  and 
save  their  money,  and  it  is  harder  to 
spend,  and  especially  to  give  it  away. 
And  yet  they  feel  that  it  is  their  duty 
to  give  to  the  very  ends  of  the  earth, 
and  they  do.  But  they  can  hardly 
claim  the  Bible  promise,  "The  Lord 
loveth  the  cheerful  giver." 

May  these  Jacobs  of  to-day  get 
such  a  vision  of  God,  such  a  touch  of 
Christ,  that  conscience  and  courage 
shall  make  them  conquering  Israels. 


Sacrificing  Fuiure  Good  for  Present  Appetites. 


13 


THEY  WERE  EATING  AND  DRINKING  WHEN  THE  FLOOD  CAME.         (See  Commentary  on  Gen.  9:  20.) 


The  Esaus  of  To-day 

are  all  about  us — those  who  sacrifice 
future  health  and  honor  to  present 
appetites  and  passions.  The  Bible 
calls  him  who  thus  trifles  with  his 
sacred  possibilities,  a  "profane  per- 
son" (Heb.  12:  16).  It  would  seem 
incredible  that  a  man  thirty  years  of 
age  really  sold  the  headship  of  the 
family  and  the  major  part  of  his 
father's  great  estate  for  a  few  min- 
utes enjoyment  of  a  dish  of  soup,  if 
that  history  was  not  repeating  itself 
all  about  us  every  day.  Thousands  of 
young  men  and  young  women  every 
day  sacrifice  health  and  reputation 
and  length  of  days  and  eternity  for 
a  few  minutes  of  sinful  pleasure,  like 
the  drunkard  who  would 

Sell  out  Heaven  for  something  warm, 
To  stop  that  horrible  inward  shrinking. 


Alcohol  Blights  the  Home* 

There  are  two  lessons  that  stand 
out  in  this  story:  i,  Alcohol  blights 
the  home;  2,  Alcohol  blights  the 
young  man's  future, 

All  references  to  intoxicants  in 
Genesis  find  their  sad  unity  as  illus- 
trations of  the  blight  they  bring  to 
the  home.  See  Noah  dishonored 
before  his  sons — a  good  man  and  a 
preacher  of  righteousness  intoxicated 
on  "domestic  wine" — an  instructive 
story  for  those  w'ho  think  wine  is 
a  good  cure  for  drunkenness,  espe- 
cially if  it  is  handled  by  men  of  "good 
moral  character."  Speaking  of  Noah 
brings  up  the  flood,  and  the  worse 
flood  of  drink. 

That  since  has  overwhelmed  and  drowned 
Far    greater    numbers    on    dry    ground 
Of   wretched  mankind  one  by  one 
That  e'en  the  flood  before  had  done. 


14 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


Sir  Thomas  Lipton,  the  yachtsman, 
warns  young  men  that  "corkscrews 
have  sunk  more  people  than  cork  jack- 
ets ever  saved."  Then  see  Lot,  who 
went  to  Sodom  "a  righteous  man"  but 
wilHng  to  risk  his  own  morals  and 
those  of  his  family  to  get  rich,  dis- 
honored before  and  by  his  daughters, 
who  knew  even  then  what  Forel  has 
shown  so  conclusively  in  a  twentieth 
century  book  ("Die  Sexuelle  Frage"), 
that  liquors  promote  lust.  He  says : 
"Between  seventy-five  and  eighty  per 
cent,  of  the  sexual  crimes  against  per- 
sons are,  according  to  the  striking 
and  trustworthy  statistics  of  Germany, 
compiled  by  Dr.  Baer,  of  Berlin,  due 
to  alcohol." 

Alcohol  brought  trouble  to  the 
homes  of  three  of  the  best  men  named 
in  Genesis — Noah,  Lot  and  Isaac — and 
all  the  ages  since,  despite  those  hor- 
rible examples  that  should  have  kept 
it  from  all  other  homes,  it  has  been 
the  supreme  curse  of  the  family.  As 
God  said  that  in  Abraham  all  the  fam- 
ilies of  the  earth  should  be  blessed, 
so  in  alcohol  families  of  every  country 
and  of  every  century  have  been 
cursed. 

Alcohol  Blights  the  Young  Man's 
Future, 

As  Esau's  sacrifice  of  future  good 
for  the  momentary  pleasures  of  appe- 
tite filled  his  future  with  "tears,"  so 
many  a  young  man's  life  has  been 
switched  ofif  the  main  line  into  wreck 
by  one  yielding  to  appetite  or  passion. 
We  shall  come  to  another  instance 
of  the  shipwreck  of  a  soul  by  appetite 
in  the  tragic  death  of  the  sons  of 
Aaron,  Nadab  and  Abihu  (see  page 
25) .  They  were  as  foolish  as  they  were 
wicked  thus  to  blight  their  promis- 
ing careers. 

The  use  of  intoxicants  by  young 
men  to-day  is  yet  more  foolish,  for 
fifty-one  per  cent,  of  the  employers 
in  the  United  States  discriminate  in 
favor    of    employees    who    keep    the 


fuddling    alcohol    away    from    their 
brains. 

Why  are  young  men  so  indifferent 
to  the  voice  of  science  which,  in 
every  insurance  examination,  pro- 
claims emphatically  that  even  the 
most  moderate  tippling  shortens  life? 
Half  a  century's  experience  in  classi- 
fying abstainers  and  moderate  drink- 
ers separately  in  British  companies 
shows  that  an  abstaining  young  man 
averages  twenty  to  thirty  per  cent, 
longer  duration  of  life  than  even  those 
very  moderate  drinkers  who  are  able 
to  get  insurance.  Insurance  presi- 
dents testify  to  remarkable  mortality, 
not  only  of  whiskey  drinkers,  but  also 
of  the  beer  drinkers,  who  are  often 
regarded  by  superficial  friends  as  "the 
very  picture  of  health." 

Athletics  Teach  Abstinence. 

AtJiletics  also  teach  abstinence.  In 
the  course  of  a  speech  in  1904  Lord 
Charles  Beresford,  the  great  British 
admiral,  said,  "When  I  was  a  young 
man  I  was  an  athlete.  I  used  to  box 
a  great  deal,  ride  steeplechases  and_ 
races,  play  football  and  go  through  a 
number  of  competitive  sports  and  pas- 
times. When  I  put  myself  into  train- 
ing, which  was  a  continual  occur- 
rence, I  never  drank  any  wine,  spirits 
or  beer  at  all,  for  the  simple  reason 
that  I  felt  I  could  get  fit  quicker 
without  taking  any  stimulants.  Now 
I  am  an  older  man,  and  have  a  posi- 
tion of  great  responsibility,  often 
entailing  quick  thought  and  determi- 
nation and  instant  decision,  I  drink 
no  wine,  spirits  or  beer,  not  because 
they  do  me  harm,  not  because  I  think 
it  wrong  to  drink,  but  simply  because 
I  am  more  ready  for  any  work 
imposed  upon  me  day  or  night ;  always 
fresh,  always  cheery  and  in  good 
temper." 

The  Foe  of  Labor, 

It  is  especially  foolish  for  any  great 
employer  to  favor  the  liquor  traffic. 

Even   in   the   Congo,   whose  adminis- 


Sacrificing  Future  Good  for  Present  Appetites. 


tration  seems  to  disregard  so  many 
other  laws  of  God  and  man,  the  inter- 
national prohibitory  law  is  well 
enforced,  because  it  is  so  clearly  seen 
that  if  the  negro  workmen  get  rum 
they  will  bring  in  less  rubber.  So 
everywhere  it  is  true  that  intoxicants 
are  the  foe  of  honest  trade,  in  that 
they  decrease  both  the  producing  and 
buying  power  of  workmen,  and  kill 
off  the  very  buyers  themselves. 

We  may  fitly  close  this  lesson  with 
the  appeal  of  Hon.  John  Burns,  of 
the  British  Cabinet,  greatest  of  labor 
leaders,  to  his  fellow  vvorkmen,  to 
refuse  the  mess  of  pottage  that 
endangers  their  birthright  in  the  keen 
industrial  competition  of  the  twen- 
tieth century : 

"I  appeal  to  you,  the  best,  because 
you  are  the  freest,  and,  in  many 
respects,  the  greatest,  working  class 
in  the  world,  to  renounce  drink, 
because  it  prevents  your  walking 
quickly,  boldly  and  firmly  the  straight 
but  narrow  path  that  individuals, 
classes  and  nations  must  tread  if  they 
wish  to  reach  the  goal  of  personal 
health,  social  happiness,  communal 
culture  and  national  greatness.  My 
experience  of  the  workshop,  the 
street,  the  asylum,  the  jail,  have 
given  me  exceptional  opportunities  of 
seeing  the  ravages  of  alcohol.  My 
participation  in  many  of  the  greatest 
labor  movements  of  the  present  gen- 
eration has  enabled  me  to  witness 
how  drinking  dissipates  the  social 
force,  industrial  energy  and  political 
strength  of  the  people.  Give  up 
drink  or  give  up  hope  of  holding  your 
place  in  the  industrial  world." 

Two  Helps  to  Reform. 

Every  boy  and  man  who  desires 
to  keep  from  drink  needs  the  help 
of  the  Gospel  also.  "Well,  it  sha'n't 
happen  again,"  said  Will  Black  to  his 
Christian   wife.     "I'm   afraid   it  will, 

See  Class  rieds 


15 

dear,"  replied  Mrs.  Black,  "unless 
you  seek  the  help  of  God."  Will,  for 
the  first  time  in  his  life,  had  returned 
home  slightly  intoxicated  the  previous 
night.  "I  couldn't  help  it,"  said  Will, 
"It  was  our  annual  dinner,  and  I  took 
more  than  I  ought  before  I  knew  what 
I  was  doing."  "Dear  Will,"  said  Mrs. 
Black,  "I  don't  want  to  be  hard  on 
you.  You've  been  a  good  husband  to 
me  so  far.  But,  oh !  I  do  wish  you 
were  a  Christian.  Besides,  we  can 
help  it.  God  has  given  us  helps  so 
that  we  can  resist  sin."  "Indeed,"  re- 
plied Will,  his  eyes  on  his  paper  and 
pretending  not  to  listen.  "Yes,  Will, 
dear.  People  go  wrong  because  they 
don't  use  God's  helps."  "And  what 
are  they?"  asked  Will,  a  little  more 
interested.  "The  first  help  is  a  Guide- 
book to  show  us  the  right  way  and 
the  wrong  way,  and  where  they  each 
lead  to.  If  anybody  uses  that  help 
he  cannot  make  any  mistake  as  to  the 
way."  "And  what's  the  second?" 
asked  Mr.  Black,  anxious  to  get  it 
over,  and  at  the  same  time  more 
moved  and  impressed  than  he  cared  to 
confess.  "Well,  the  second  help,  Will, 
dear,  is  more  difficult  to  explain.  But 
it's  just  the  little  voice  inside  of  us 
which  says  'No,  no,  no !'  and  'Yes, 
yes,  yes  !'  It  is  conscience.  Don't  you 
think  we  ought  to  keep  straight  with 
these  helps.  Will,  and  that  we  can 
help  going  wrong?"  "I  suppose 
you're  right,  Sally,"  replied  Mr.  Black. 
He  took  his  wife's  advice,  and  by 
God's  help  reformed. 

He  whose  name  is  love 

Still  waits,  as  Noah  did  for  the  dove, 

To  see  if  she  would  fly  to  him. 

He  waits  for  us,  while,  houseless  things, 

We  beat   about   with   bruised   wings, 

On  the  dark  floods  and  water  springs, 

The    ruined    world,    the    desolate    sea; 

With  open  windows  from  the  prime, 

All  night,  all  day,  He  waits  sublime, 

Until  the  fullness  of  the  time 

Decreed  from  his  eternity. 

:e  at  end  of  book. 


l6  World  Book  of  Tcuipcrancc. 

A   MOTTO    FOR   THE   MAYOR. 

"I  zvill  lead  oil  gaitiy,  according  to  the  pace  of  the  children." 

A  helpful  illustration  by  which  to  show  the  fallacy  of  the 
"personal  liberty"  cry  of  prodigals  and  their  politicians,  is  the 
story  of  Jacob's  and  Esau's  reconciliation  (Gen.  t,2))-  Jacob  hav- 
ing fled  to  Haran  from  the  wrath  of  Esau,  whom  he  had  deprived 
of  his  birthright  through  his  appetite,  and  having  developed  a 
large  family  and  great  wealth  in  flocks  and  herds,  was  com- 
manded by  God  to  go  back  to  the  Land  of  Promise.  Fearing 
the  wrath  of  Esau,  now  the  chief  of  four  hundred  warriors,  he 
hesitated,  forgetting,  as  many  of  us  have  done,  that  "all  God's 
biddings  are  enablings."  Like  many  of  us,  again  he  was  helped 
out  of  his  doubts  and  cowardice  by  a  good  wife,  who  said,  "What- 
soever God  hath  said  unto  thee,  do."  When  in  his  journey  he 
knew  he  was  likely  to  encounter  Esau  on  the  morrow,  he  was 
filled  with  fears,  but  that  same  night  at  the  brook  Jabbok  he  was 
filled  with  God,  who  also  wrestled  wath  Esau  and  turned  his  hate 
to  love,  and  when  they  met  it  was  with  the  kiss  of  reconciliation. 
Then  it  was  arranged  they  should  march  back  to  the  homeland 
together.  Esau  desired  to  give  Jacob's  caravan  the  post  of  honor 
at  the  front,  while  he  would  march  in  the  rear,  but  Jacob  replied 
in  substance :  "Your  caravan  is  made  up  of  full-grown  men,  and 
so  you  go  ahead,  and  /  zvill  lead  on  gently  according  to  the  pace 
of  the  children." 

If  our  cities  were  inhabited  only  by  those  who  are  really 
"full  grown"'  in  mind  as  well  as  body,  there  might  be  some 
sense  in  the  cry  of  "personal  liberty,"  but  in  the  government  of 
our  cities  and  towns,  in  the  arrangements  of  our  streets,  in  the 
displav  of  pictures  on  billboards  and  in  windows,  in  the  discussion 
of  gambling  slot-machines  and  bar-rooms  and  sports,  we  must 
never  forget  that  there  are  children  in  our  company,  and  the 
fathers  are  bound  to  see  to  it  that  not  only  in  the  home  but  in 
the  Mayor's  office  the  motto  shall  be:  "I  will  lead  oi,i  gently 
according  to  the  pace  of  the  children."  We  do  not  leave  poisons 
and  razors  about  in  our  nurseries.  It  would  be  less  foolish  and 
wicked,  since  these  only  kill  the  body,  than  to  allow  foul  pictures 
and  corrupt  shows  and  enslaving  bars  on  our  streets,  within  reach 
of  our  boys  and  girls  in  their  critical  years  of  adolescence,  when 
life  is  made  or  marred,  to  the  blessing  or  bane  not  alone  of  the 
child  but  of  society,  which  must  pay  the  penalty  if  he  or  she 
goes  wrong.  They  should  be  rung  into  the  public  school  in 
the  morning — no  one  being  allowed  to  rob  them  of  their  birth- 
right of  education — and  they  should  also  be  rung  into  the  home, 
at  dark,  out  of  the  devil's  school  of  the  street,  by  the  curfew,  the 
best  of  municipal  reforms. 


God^s  Great  Gift  of  Water* 


Exodus  17:   1-6. 


1  And  all  the  congregation  of  the  children 
of  Israel  journeyed  from  the  wilderness  of 
Sin,  by  their  journeys,  according  to  the 
commandment  of  Jehovah,  and  encamped 
in  Rephidim:  and  there  was  no  water  for 
the  people  to  drink.  2  Wherefore  the  peo- 
ple strove  with  Moses,  and  said.  Give  us 
water  that  we  may  drink.  And  Moses  said 
unto  them,  Why  strive  ye  with  me?  where- 
fore do  ye  tempt  Jehovah?  3  And  the 
people  thirsted  there  for  water;  and  the 
people  murmured  against  Moses,  and  said, 
Wherefore  hast  thou  brought  us  up  out  of 


Egypt,  to  kill  us  and  our  children  and  our 
cattle  with  thirst?  4  And  Moses  cried  unto 
Jehovah,  saying,  What  shall  I  do  unto  this 
people?  they  are  almost  ready  to  stone  me. 
5  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Moses,  Pass  on 
before  the  people,  and  take  with  thee  of 
the  elders  of  Israel;  and  thy  rod,  wherewith 
thou  smotest  the  river,  take  in  thy  hand, 
and  go.  6  Behold,  I  will  stand  before  thee 
there  upon  the  rock  in  Horeb;  and  thou 
shalt  smite  the  rock,  and  there  shall  come 
water  out  of  it,  that  the  people  may  drink. 
And  Moses  did  so  in  the  sight  of  the  elders 
of  Israel.     (Read  also  Numbers  20:  i-ii.) 


Golden  Text  : 


They  drank  of  a  spiritual  Rock  tJiat  followed   them,  and  the  Roek 
was  Clirist. — i  Cor.  10:  4. 


Temperance  work  has  been  too 
much  confined  to  the  destructive,  neg- 
ative side.  It  must  become  more 
positive  and  constructive.  We  must 
not  only  close  saloons  but  open  new 
social  centres.  We  must  show  not 
only  the  harmfulness  of  alcohol,  but 
the  excellence  of  water,  which  even 
temperance  people,  in  most  countries, 
use  too  sparingly. 

"I  was  in  one  place,"  said  D.  L. 
Moody,  the  great  evangelist,  "where 
a  man  told  me  it  was  impossible  for 
men  to  get  on  without  strong  drink, 
and  there  are  a  great  many  people 
who  reason  that  they  must  have  it. 
But  God  led  His  people  in  the  wilder- 
ness forty  years,  and  never  gave  them 
strong  drink.  He  gave  them  clear 
water  out  of  the  rock,  and  they  got 
on  very  well.  Nations  fled  before 
them  like  chaff  before  the  wind. 
Samson  was  probably  the  strongest 
man  that  ever  lived,  and  he  never 
touched  drink,  and  got  on  very  well 
without  it.  So  did  John  the  Baptist. 
Samuel  also  got  on  very  well  with- 
out it.  There  is  no  trouble  to  get 
on  without  it.  In  fact,  men  are  health- 
ier without  it.  I  do  not  believe  that 
this  world  is  to  be  reached  by  drink- 
ing ministers.     If  it  is  to  be  reached 


and  reclaimed,  they  must  deny  them- 
selves.    The  Master  denied  Himself." 

Afraid  of  Water. 

Mrs.  Mary  Clement  Leavitt,  first 
W.  C.  T.  U.  Round  the  World  Mis- 
sionary, in  an  article  headed,  "Why 
Not  Drink  Water?"  wrote: 

"On  board  the  good  ship  Zealandia 
I  was  placed  at  table  between  the  son 
of  a  Scotch  lord  and  a  clergyman  of 
the  Church  of  England.  Both  took 
wine,  or  whiskey  and  water,  at  lunch 
and  dinner  every  day.  Almost  the 
first  day  out  the  young  Scotchman 
remarked  upon  my  water  drinking, 
and  said,  'Do  you  really  think  water 
is  fit  to  drink?'  I  replied,  'Have  you 
thought  what  an  imputation  against 
our  Creator  the  'thoughts  back  of  your 
question  is?'  He  looked  at  me 
inquiringly,  and  I  continued,  'He  has 
supplied  no  other  liquid  for  us  and  the 
lower  orders  of  animals  to  drink. 
Would  this  have  been  wise  or  kind 
if  it  were  not  perfectly  suited  to  our 
needs?'  'You  forget  milk,'  he  said. 
'No.  That  is  not  drink  but  liquid 
food,  and  should  never  be  taken  to 
quench  thirst,  unless  food  is  also 
needed,  since  the  process  of  digestion 


ii8 


World  Book  of  Tcinpenuicc. 


must  always  follow  taking  milk.'  This 
opened  the  way  to  micli  aid  earnest 
conversation  upon  the  temperance 
reform. 

"Total  abstainers  in  England  are 
not  so  generally  water-drinkers  as 
Americans.  At  table  in  an  English 
hotel  a  bright  young  boy  said  to  his 
mother,  'There  are  three  Americans 
over  there,  and  there  is  another  at 
the  end  of  the  table.'  The  mother 
could  see  nothing  in  the  looks,  dress 
or  manners  of  the  four  persons  to 
indicate  that  they  were  Americans ; 
but  on  inquiry  she  found  her  son  was 
right.  He  had  identified  them  as 
Americans  because  they  were  drink- 
ing water  at  dinner.  I  have  often 
been  the  only  water-drmker  at  table 
in  English  houses,  when  other 
abstainers   were   present. 

"Ginger  ale,  bottled  lemonade,  which 
is  really  more  like  soda-water  flavored 
with  lemon  than  like  our  fresh  lemon 
juice  and  water,  are  used  very  freely. 
Abstaining  householders  'take  in'  the 
above  drinks  by  the  hundred  or  dozen 
bottles,  the  delivery  'carts'  exchang- 
ing full  bottles  for  empty  ones.  In- 
deed, the  English  citizen  —  man, 
woman  or  child  —  loves  a  sting  in 
whatever  is  used  as  a  drink.  Appar- 
ently this  is  a  vicious  inheritance  from 
a  heavy-drinking  ancestry.  The  sense 
of  taste  having  been  blunted  by  the 
scorching  alcoholic  drinks  so  freely 
used,  has  not  yet  recovered  its  usual 
delicacy,  hence  water  tastes  insipid. 

"Let  us  Americans  thank  God  that 
we  have  more  abstaining  progenitors 
behind  us,  and  keep  to  pure  water, 
cold  if  we  are  young  and  healthy,  hot 
if  we  are  aged  or  in  weak  health. 
But  let  us  remember  that  much  ice- 
cold  water  is  hurtful.  We  are  not, 
however,  sufficiently  careful  to  have 
water  pure.  More  filters  ought  to  be 
used,  and  frequently  it  should  be  puri- 
fied by  boiling  before  it  is  used  for 
drinking  purposes.    As  I  drink  neither 


tea  nor  coffee  I  might  be  supposed  to 
have  needed  something  alcoholic  on 
my  long  journey  around  the  world,  if 
any  traveler  would,  but  I  took  noth- 
ing alcoholic  cither  as  drink  or  medi- 
cine all  the  way.  Nor  was  I  ever 
harmed  by  drinking  water.  I  took 
pains  to  have  it  filtered  and  boiled  in 
many  localities." 

Dr.  Henry  Clay  Trumbull,  in  the 
Sunday-School  Times,  of  which  he 
was  editor,  bore  similar  testimony  to 
water  as  a  safe  drink  in  all  lands,  and 
the  editors  of  this  book  bear  the  same 
witness,  based  on  six  foreign  tours 
that  include  four  continents.  The 
great  tourist  manager,  Mr.  Thomas 
Cook,  told  the  writer  he  had  been 
sixt<;en  times  round  the  world  and 
had  never  found  it  necessary  to  use 
intoxicating  beverages.  The  fear  that 
some  people  have  of  being  injured  by 
water-drinking  recalls  the  story  of  a 
young  lady  making  her  first  visit  to 
the  seashore.  At  her  departure  for 
home  her  sister  recommended  her  to 
carry  back  some  sea-water  in  a  bottle. 
She  went  down  to  the  shore  and  filled 
her  vial  with  water.  "Better  not  fill 
it  up  like  that,  missy,"  said  a  sailor; 
"bekase,  it  being  low  water  now, 
when  the  tide  rises  it'll  bust  your  bot- 
tle." ]\Iiss  Blank,  quite  convinced, 
poured  out  half  the  water  and 
departed. 

With  that  story  we  may  appropri- 
ately group  that  of  an  American 
Methodist  lady,  an  abstainer  when  in 
America,  who  greeted  the  writer  in 
Rome  with  the  question,  "Of  course 
you  do  not  stick  to  teetotalism  here 
in  Rome  where  the  water  is  so  dan- 
gerous." The  reply  was,  "You  don't 
seem  to  know  that  the  old  Roman 
aqueducts  have  been  restored  and  the 
city  water  of  Rome  is  about  the  best 
in  the  world."  The  water  of  Vienna 
was  notoriously  bad  in  the  hotels,  but 
at  the  Art  Gallery  there  we  found 
water   as   clear  as  that  of  the  Alps, 


God's  Great  Gift  of  Water. 


19 


suggesting'  that  the  European  hotels 
may  be  slirewd  enough  to  keep  bad 
water  for  the  very  purpose  of  increas- 
ing their  sales  of  wine,  although  it 
seems  hardly  worth  while  for  them  to 
give  much  attention  to  water  when 
so  few  travelers  ask  for  it.  At  the 
cafes  of  Brussels,  in  1906,  there  was 
no  water  on  the  tables,  and  this  is 
the  rule  in  Europe  except  as  modified 
by  American  patronage.  In  a  recent 
lour  that  included  a  part  of  three  for- 
eign continents  the  writer  seldom  saw 
a  public  drinking  fountain,  or  even  a 
"cooler"  in  foreign  office  buildings  or 
hotels,  such  as  is  regarded  as  an  essen- 
tial fixture  in  such  places  as  the  United 
States,  and  ought  to  be  everywhere. 
On  railway  trains,  the  most  that  could 
be  found  was  a  small  bottle  contain- 
ing less  than  enough  water  for  one 
man  who  has  learned  that  ten  glasses 
of  liquid,  preferably  water,  taken 
midway  between  meals,  is  needed 
daily  to  keep  the  human  system  in 
order.  It  cost  the  writer  a  thousand 
dollars  to  learn  that,  but  he  passes  it 
on  without  charge.  When  a  Japanese 
statesman  was  asked  why  Japan  had 
so  few  paupers,  compared  with  Great 
Britain,  he  replied,  "It  is  because 
Great  Britain  drinks  alcohol,  while 
Japan  drinks  tea."  And  it  may  be 
added  that  Japan  drinks  tea  in  its 
mildest  form — a  mere  flavoring  of 
boiled  water.  Australia,  however,  is 
not  prevented  by  drinking  tea — strong 
in  this  case  and  taken  about  every  two 
hours,  even  in  business  hours  and  at 
night — from  drinking  a  great  amount 
of  brandy  and  wdiiskey,  to  which, 
apparently,  the  weaker  stimulant 
leads  the  way. 

Speaking  of  filters,  the  writer  car- 
ried one  in  Egypt  about  as  large  as 
his  fist,  by  which  he  could  suck  up 
the  muddy  water  of  the  Nile  by  a 
rubber  tube  attached  to  a  bit  of  car- 
ibou which  ])urified  or  filtered  it  in 
a  few  moments. 

All  over  the  world  children  need  to 


be  taught  that  water  is  the  best  of  all 
drinks. 

J.    Water    the    Only   ''Strong 
Drink/^ 

We  ought  never  to  use  that  devil's 
lie,  "strong  drink,"  as  the  name  for 
the  liquors  that  the  trainers  of  ath- 
letes always  tell  them  they  must  let 
alone  if  they  wish  to  become  strong. 
In  the  words  of  Charles  H.  Spurgeon, 
"Water  is  the  strongest  drink.  It 
drives  mills.  It  is  the  drink  of  lions 
and  horses ;  and  Samson  himself 
never  drank  anything  else."  Hear 
Sydney  Smith :  "It  is  all  nonsense 
about  not  being  able  to  work  without 
ale  and  gin  and  cider  and  fermented 
liquors.  Do  lions  and  cart-horses 
drink  ale?" 

The  great  athletes  of  the  world 
drink  only  water  when  in  training  and 
in  action.  They  know  that  alcohol 
would  destroy  their  chances  for  win- 
ning. Harlan,  the  oarsman  ;  Weston, 
the  pedestrian ;  Sayers,  the  pugilist, 
and  Dr.  Carver,  the  marksman,  are 
examples  of  this  fact.  A  gentleman 
once  said  to  Tom  Sayers,  the  then 
champion  fighter  of  England,  "Well, 
Tom,  of  course  in  training  you  must 
take  a  great  deal  of  nourishment,  such 
as  beefsteaks,  Barclay's  stout,  or  pale 
ale."  "I'll  tell  you  what  it  is,  sir," 
answered  Master  Thomas,  "I'm  no 
teetolater,  and  in  my  time  have  drunk 
a  good  deal  more  than  is  good  for  me, 
but  when  I  have  any  business  to  do 
there  is  nothing  like  water  and  the 
dumb-bells."  Heenan,  his  American 
antagonist,  was  systematically  a  tee- 
totaler. Johnson,  the  modern  Samson, 
lost  his  power  as  an  acrobat  through 
the  moderate  use  of  beer,  but  it 
returned  to  him  as  an  abstainer. 

2.   Drinking  Water  is  **  Drinking 
Health/' 

Miss  Julia  Colman,  in  a  leaflet  en- 
titled, "What  Shall  We  Drink?"  says: 
"Dr.  Richardson,  in  his  Temperance 


^6 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


Lesson-Book,  devotes  several  of  his 
first  lessons  to  water.  He  shows  that 
about  seven-eighths  of  the  body  is 
water,  rendering  it  movable,  flexible, 
usable.  So  water  is  really  an  indis- 
pensable part  of  our  bodies,  and  we 
can  neither  think,  move,  nor  live 
without  it.  We  are  told  that  in  some 
senses  it  is  more  important  than  food. 
Without  it  the  food  could  not  nourish 
us,  for  that  is  what  carries  the  food 
to  all  parts  of  the  body.  Without 
water  we  could  neither  chew,  swal- 
low, nor  digest  our  food.  Starving 
people  can  go  without  food  longer 
than  without  water.  Dr.  Tanner 
found  that  out  when  he  undertook 
his  famous  fast  in  New  York.  He 
went  without  water  a  few  days  only. 
He  went  without  food  six  weeks. 

"The  wine  and  beer  sellers  and 
drinkers  denounce  most  vigorously 
the  impurity  of  the  usual  water  sup- 
plies. They  specify  many  large  cities 
in  which,  as  they  say,  the  water  is 
unfit  to  drink.  But  instead  of  asking 
for  pure  water,  or  laying  their  plans 
to  get  it,  they  use  the  decayed  fruit- 
juice,  called  wine,  or  the  decayed 
washings  of  grain,  called  beer,  both 
of  which  must  be  bad  on  account  of 
the  decayed  matter  they  contain,  and 
neither  of  which  would  be  touched 
as  a  drink  if  deprived  of  the  alco- 
hol. Sometimes  they  even  add  alcohol 
to  the  bad  water,  and  drink  that  mix- 
ture. 

"Hot  water  is  useful  in  many  cases 
of  illness  and  indigestion,  but  its  con- 
stant use  is  apt  to  relax  the  tone  of 
the  digestive  organs.  On  the  other 
hand,  very  cold  drinks  put  a  tempo- 
rary stop  to  the  process  of  digestion, 
if  there  is  food  in  the  stomach. 

"In  localities  where  the  water  is 
known  to  be  bad,  as  in  malarious  sec- 
tions and  limestone  formations,  its  use 
for  drinking  purposes  could  be  largely 
avoided  by  the  free  use  of  fruits,  and 
by  dispensing  with  condiments. 


"Fruits  might  also  take  the  place 
of  drinks  as  refreshments.  A  basket 
of  handsome  fruit,  with  pretty  silver 
fruit-knives  and  rare  old  china  plates, 
can  be  made  to  look  as  handsome  as 
a  tray  of  decanters  and  wine-glasses, 
and  the  former  are  infinitely  safer. 
Temperance  children  are  often  per- 
plexed to  know  what  they  can  drink 
safely  on  a  hot  day,  and  on  picnics 
and  excursions.  I  tell  them  to  take 
fruit,  and  even  to  prefer  an  orange 
to  a  soda  at  any  time. 

"I  observe  when  men  and  women 
are  encouraged  to  use  the  sweet  fruit- 
juices  as  drinks,  they  too  often  go 
on  drinking  them  until  they  are  quite 
alcoholic.  This  practice  is  like  play- 
ing on  the  edge  of  a  precipice." 

There  is  a  certain  large  boarding- 
school  for  boys  in  England  where  no 
intoxicating  drinks  whatever  are 
placed  on  the  table,  and  yet  several 
brewers  and  wine-merchants  send 
their  sons  there  for  education.  One 
of  these  young  gentlemen  had  a  white 
swelling  on  his  knee,  and  was  sent 
home  for  medical  treatment.  When 
the  family  doctor  arrived  and  exam- 
ined the  limb,  he  evidently  thought  it 
a  serious  case,  and  said,  "What  sort 
of  school  are  you  at?"  "Oh,  a  jolly 
school!"  "What  sort  of  a  table?" 
"Oh,  a  jolly  table!"  "Yes,  yes;  but 
what  does  he  give  you  to  drink?" 
"Oh,  the  governor's  a  teetotaler!  He 
puts  nothing  but  water  on  the  table." 
"Then,"  said  the  doctor  to  the 
patient's  anxious  mother,  "we  can 
save  his  limb.  Do  not  fear ;  he  will 
soon  get  better."  And  he  did  so,  and 
went  back  to  his  desk,  his  games  and 
his  "jolly  table" — not  less  jolly  to  him 
now  that  he  has  learned  that  water  is 
"a  jolly  drink." 

A  surgeon  who  served  three  years 
in  the  American  Civil  War  said  that 
he  never  heard  wounded  or  dying  men 
on  the  field  of  battle  call  for  brandy, 
whiskey,  wine,  or  beer,  however  fond 


Cod's  Great  Gift  of  Water. 


±t 


they  might  be  of  it  at  other  times. 
"Water,  water,  for  the  love  of  God ! 
Just  a  sip  of  water!"  was  the  univer- 
sal cry. 

Strange  to  say,  in  1844  British 
physicians  rejected  the  insurance 
appHcation  of  Robert  Warner,  a  Lon- 
don Quaker,  because  he  was  "endan- 
gering his  health,"  they  said,  "by 
drinking  water."  They  partially 
relented  and  offered  him  insurance 
for  ten  per  cent,  extra  to  cover  the 
extra  hazardous  conditions  to  which 
his  water-drinking  exposed  him.  In- 
stead of  accepting  he  got  a  few  friends 
to  join  him,  and  so  originated  the 
double  plan  of  insurance  now  com- 
mon in  Great  Britain,  under  which 
the  total  abstainer  gets  from  thirty 
to  forty  per  cent,  more  of  rebate  than 
moderate  drinkers,  because  abstinence 
gives  that  much  more  of  life. 

Those  who  think  that  water  is 
"good  for  nothing  except  washing" 
have  not  even  learned  that  we  need 
to  bathe  inwardly  as  well  as  out- 
wardly. Much  ill  health,  especially 
appendicitis,  is  due  to  scarcity  of 
water  in  the  system.  Men  go  at  great 
cost  to  mineral  springs  to  recover 
health  that  plain,  cold  water,  used  in 
like  abundance  between  meals  daily, 
would  have  preserved. 

Adam's  Ale. 

No  other  beverage  can  we  need ; 
This  is  the  best,  we  are  agreed, 
For  'tis  the  drink  that  God  hath  given, 
And  came  direct  to  us  from  Heaven. 
Of  brandy,  whiskey,  wine  and  beer. 
And  cider,   too,  we   have  a  fear. 
But  man's  inventions  all  will  fail 
To  make  a  drink  like  Adam's  Ale. 

The  Best  of  Liquors* 

On  a  certain  occasion,  says  John  B. 
Gough,  one  Paul  Denton,  a  Method- 
ist preacher  in  Texas,  advertised  a 
barbecue,  with  better  liquor  than  is 
usually  furnished.  When  the  people 
assembled,  a  desperado  in  the  crowd 
cried   out,    "Mr.    Paul   Denton,   your 


reverence  has  lied.  You  promised  not 
only  a  good  barbecue,  but  the  best 
of  liquors.     Where's  the  liquor?" 

"There,"  answered  the  missionary 
in  tones  of  thunder,  and  pointing  his 
long,  bony  fingers  at  the  matchless 
double  spring,  gushing  up  in  two 
strong  columns  with  a  sound  like  a 
shout  of  joy,  from  the  bosom  of  the 
earth.  "There,"  he  repeated,  "is  the 
liquor  w'hich  God,  the  eternal,  brews 
for  all  His  children.  Not  in  the  sim- 
mering still,  over  smoky  fires  choked 
with  poisonous  gases,  and  surrounded 
with  the  stench  of  sickening  odors 
and  corruption,  doth  your  Father  in 
Heaven  prepare  the  precious  essence 
of  life — pure  cold  water.  But  in  the 
glade  and  grassy  dell,  where  the  red 
deer  wanders  and  the  child  loves  to 
play,  there  God  brews  it;  and  down, 
low  down  in  the  deepest  valleys, 
where  the  fountain  murmurs  and  the 
rills  sing,  and  high  up  on  the  moun- 
tain tops,  where  the  naked  granite 
glitters  like  gold  in  the  sun,  where 
storm-clouds  brood  and  the  thunder- 
storms crash ;  and  out  on  the  wild, 
wide  sea,  where  the  hurricane  howls 
music,  and  the  big  waves  roar  the 
chorus,  sweeping  the  march  of  God 
— there  He  bre^s  it — beverage  of  life, 
health-giving  Wc^ter.  And  everywhere 
it  is  a  thing  of  beauty,  gleaming  in 
the  dewdrop,  singing  in  the  Summer 
rain,  shining  in  the  icicles,  till  they 
seem  turned  to  living  gems;  spread- 
ing a  golden  veil  over  the  setting  sun, 
or  a  white  gauze  around  the  midnight 
moon  ;  sporting  in  the  cataract,  sleep- 
ing in  the  glacier,  dancing  in  the  hail- 
shower  ;  folding  its  bright  curtains 
softly  around  the  wintry  world,  and 
weaving  the  many-colored  bow,  that 
seraphs'  zone  of  the  air,  whose  warp 
is  the  rain-drops  of  the  earth,  and 
whose  woof  is  the  sunbeams  of 
Heaven  all  checkered  over  with  the 
celestial  flowers  of  the  mystic  hand 
of  refraction — that  blessed  life-water. 


22 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


No  poison  bubbles  on  its  brink;  its 
foam  brings  not  madness  and  mur- 
der ;  no  blood  stains  its  liquid  glass  ; 
pale  widows  and  starving  children 
weep  not  burning  tears  in  its  depths ! 
Speak  out,  my  friends;  would  you 
exchange  it  for  the  demon's  drink, 
alcohol  ?" 

A  shout  like  the  roar  of  the  tem- 
pest answered,  "No!" 

He  shall  descend  like  showers 

Upon  the  fruitful  earth, 
And  love  and  joy,  hke  flowers, 

Spring  in  his  path  to  birth ;' 
Before  him,  on  the  mountains. 

Shall  peace,  the  herald,  go. 
And  righteousness,  in  fountains. 

From  hill  to  valley  flow. 

See  Class  Pledc 
A  writpr  in  the  London  "Lan- 
cet'  (August  22,  1!:!08)  notp.s 
with  regret  that  water  is  becom- 
ing a  rare  beverage.  Ho  declares 
that  one  should  drink  only  to  sat- 
isfy thirst,  and  that  water  is  best 
for  that  purpose.  Even  whole- 
some soft  drinks  should  not  be 
taken  because  palatable,  but  only 
to  supply  the  body's  daily  need  of 
liquids.  (The  best  plan  is  to  drink 
two  glasses  of  water  four  t.mcs  a 
day  at  least  half  an  hour  before 
meals,  as  is  the  custom  at  the 
spas,  and  none  at  mea's  beyond 
a  single  glass  of  vvat?r  or  mii'k  at 

/o*^  V7  ''",''-'     ^'1'-  II-   I^-  Hopkins 
(Buftalo    "Medical    Journal,"    Jan- 
uary,     1909)      claims      that      air 
water    and    the    mineral    salts    are 
mineral    foocis,    and    foods    of    the 
highest  grade,  since  they  will  nei- 
ther  ferment   nor  putrefy.      With- 
out  air,   he  reminds  us,  'man   dies 
very    shortly ;     without    water    he 
cannot    survive    long.       But    with 
air    and    water    in    abundance    he 
can  survive  for  days  or  eveu  weeks. 
In  addition  to  the  four  great  ele- 
ments— oxygen,    carbon,   iiydrogen 
nitrogen— there   are   found    in    liv- 
ing    tissues     calcium,     potassium, 
sodium,      mag-nesium      and      iron 
-     :     •  ^^^I'owth,    re-air    of    waste 
and  metabolic  functions,   in  short 
lite  is  impossible  without  the  con- 
stantly     renewed      nre  eite      and 
physico-chemical  activiiie-;  of  these 
substances."      It   is   fitting  a's  i   to 
refer  in    this    Irsson   on    the   bless- 
ings  ot  water   to   "the  ungathi'red 
liarvest  of  the  sea."  the  great  sun- 
ply  of  edible  seaweed  which    J    L 
Cowan  predicts  ("Technical  World 
Alagazine,      September,   1908)    will 
some  day  be  used  as  food  for  the 
human  race,  following  up  the  start 
already  made  in  blanc  mange  and 
birds'  nest  pudding. 

A  priest  bears  an  ewer  of  water 
daily  during  Feast  of  Tabernacles 
froni  Pool  of  Siloam  through  Tem- 
ple Gates  amid  palms  and  psalms. 


3.  Christ,  the  Water  of  Life* 

To  a  Christian  it  ought  to  be  sig- 
nificant that  Christ  is  symbolized,  not 
by  wine,  but  by  water.  Paul,  in  our 
Golden  Text,  says  that  the  smitten 
rock  that  gave  abundant  water  to  the 
Israelites  is  the  symbol  of  Christ. 
Jesus  Himself  said  when  the  beautiful 
ceremony,  known  as  "The  joy  of 
drawing  water,"  was  in  progress  in 
the  Temple,  "If  any  man  thirst  let 
him  come  unto  Me  and  drink."  That 
is  the  only  way  of  escape  for  a  man 
who  has  developed  a  drunkard's 
thirst,^^  to  "drink  of  the  Spiritual 
Rock,"  bv  which  the  perishing  Israel- 
ites were  saved. 

e  at  end  of  book. 


THE  JOY  OF  DRAWING  WATBR, 


WATER  AND  WINE. 


Under  this  heading,  M.  Henri  de  Parvillc, 
the  editor  of  "La  Nature"  (Paris),  preached 
in  his  paper,  May  15,  1907,  an  effective 
temperance  sermon — all  the  more  so,  prob- 
ably, in  that  he  frankly  vows  that  he  does 
not  favor  total  abstinence,  and  that  he 
touches  only  on  the  purely  scientific  aspects 
of  the  question.  Says  M.  de  Parville : 
"People  who  drink  eat  little.  Alcohol  sus- 
tains them,  say  the  drinkers.  It  is  a  fact 
that  in  those  who  use  fermented  drinks  lo 
a  great  extent  the  process  of  digestion  is 
slower.  When  we  drink  water,  digestion 
is  hastened.  The  stomach  takes  good  care 
to  inform  us  of  this  fact;  we  are  hungry 
three  or  four  hours  after  eating.  Persons 
who  reason  badly  conclude  from  this  nat- 
urally that  wine  is  nourishing  and  that  fresh 
water  is  not.  The  illusion  is  complete.  It 
is  something  as  if  we  should  say  that  a 
stove,  furnace,  or  fireplace  works  better 
when  the  combustion  is  slow  and  lasts  a 
long  time.  It  certainly  lasts  longer,  but  it 
does  not  give  out  much  heat;  it  would  only 
take  a  little  to  put  out  the  fire. 
,  "The  animal  cell  was  not  made  to  be 
gorged  with  alcohol.  That  it  may  remain  in 
its  normal  state,  water  is  necessary;  other- 
wise its  functions  are  interfered  with. 
Therefore  the  organism  impregnated  with 
alcohol  finds  itself  in  a  morbid  condi- 
tion. Maladies  due  to  obstruction  of 
nutrition  show  themselves  and  the  char- 
acteristic symptoms  appear — obesity,  gravel, 
rheumatism,  etc.  The  man  whose  diges- 
tion proceeds  slowly,  under  the  influ- 
ence of  alcohol,  is  already  a  sick  man. 
He  is  in  great  need  of  water,  a  remedy 
better  than  those  found  in  drug-stores. 

"Is  it  a  fact  that  alcohol  retards  the 
cellular  and  general  nutrition?  Observation 
shows  this  to  be  usually  the  case,  and  ex- 
periment confirms  this.  Messrs.  Chitten- 
den and  Mendel,  of  Yale  University,  have 
demonstrated  by  laboratory  test-tube  experi- 
ments that  fermented  drinks  retard  the 
chemical  processes  of  digestion.  They 
placed  in 'direct  contact  food-substances  and 
digestive  liquids,  and  then  added  twenty 
per  cent,  of  alcohol,  whereupon  the  diges- 
tive activity  was  retarded.  Pure  whiskey, 
which  contains  about  fifty  per  cent,  of  alco- 
hol, when  mixed  with  the  digestive  fluids 
in  the  proportion  of  one  per  cent.,  increased 
the  time  required  for  digestion  by  six  per 
cent.  In  some  cases  the  action  was  absent, 
but  the  fact  can  not  be  doubted,  and  we 
proved  it  more  than  twenty-five  years  ago 
with  Dr.  Corvisart.  .Mcohol  retards  the 
rhenomena  of  assimilation,  and  if  anyone 
Ou  water  see  also  PI 


thinks  that  wine  and  strong  drink  have  sus- 
taining power,  it  is  only  because  first,  these 
drinks  excite  the  nervous  system  and  seem 
to  give  strength,  and,  secondly,  because  the 
feeling  of  hunger  is  postponed  by  the  very 
fact  that  digestion  is  retarded. 

"Three  years  ago  an  experiment  that  was 
very  conclusive  was  made  in  the  United 
States.  They  set  to  work  twenty  men  who 
drank  nothing  but  water  and  twenty  that 
drank  wine,  beer  and  brandy.  At  the  end 
of  twenty  days  the  work  done  was  meas- 
ured. The  workmen  who  drank  strong 
liquors  did  the  best  for  the  first  six  days; 
then  there  was  a  kind  of  period  of  reaction; 
finally,  the  water-drinkers  did  at  least  three 
times  the  work  of  their  rivals.  The  experi- 
ment was  verified  by  exchanging  the  roles. 
The  water-drinkers  were  made  to  adopt 
the  alcoholic  regimen  for  twenty  days,  and 
the  wine-drinkers  were  put  on  clear  water. 
This  time,  too,  the  water-consuming  work- 
men ended  by  doing  a  quantity  of  work 
notably  superior  to  that  of  the  wine-drinkers. 
The  conclusion  naturally  follows:  For  pro- 
longed effort  the  use  of  alcohol  diminishes 
the  muscular  power;  in  other  words,  the 
human  machine  fed  with  water  gives  out 
more  energy  than  with  alcohol.  From  our 
point  of  view,  not  only  is  it  necessary  not 
to  abuse  it  [wine],  but  not  even  to  use  it 
except  as  a  medicine,  and  even  then  we 
must  make  choice  of  the  particular  wine 
we  w^ant.  One  person  needs  a  certain  kind 
of  wine,  and  another  a  very  different  kind. 
The  composition  of  wines  is  very  variable, 
entirely  apart  from  the  proportion  of  alco- 
hol that  they  contain.  There  are  acid  wines, 
there  are  almost  neutral  wines,  wines  rich  in 
iron,  wines  rich  in  tannin,  wines  contain- 
ing essences,  wines  that  must  be  forbidden 
to  nervous  people,  to  rheumatics,  to  gouty 
persons,  and  to  the  stout,  and  wines  that 
can  be  specially  prescribed  for  the  weak, 
the  _  debilitated,  neurasthenics,  etc.  The 
choice  is  more  difficult  than  one  would 
think,  and  no  one  but  a  physician,  and  a 
competent  one,  can  say  to  the  invalid,  'This 
wine  is  fitted  for  this  case  and  that  one 
for  the  other.'  To  select  a  wine  at  hap- 
hazard would  have  its  inconveniences.  So, 
when  there  is  any  doubt,  it  is  best  to 
remember  that  water  is  always  ready  to 
quench  our  thirst.  .  .  . 

"In  short,  water  is  the  natural  drink. 
With  the  drinkers  of  wine,  beer,  cider,  and 
all  fermented  drinks,  there  must  come  a 
time  where  the  functions  are  modified  and 
the  nutrition  is  changed  and  impeded.  .  .  . 
Hippocrates  says  :  'Water,  air  and  light.'  " 
iny  ana  Plutaucli,  p.  30. 


n*?    (:i,<%  ^-j. 


24  World  Book  of  Temperance. 

APPEAL  TO  THE  CHURCH  TO  ADOPT  MORAL  REFORM. 


BY    EX-SENATOR    HENRY    W.    BLAIR, 

'        The  present   seems    to   me  to  be  a  time 

!    for    consultation    among    the    forces    whicli 

!    make  for  man  in  his  conflict  with  alcohol. 

This    conflict   has   been   strong    and   deadly 

for    a    century.     Alcohol    is    gainmg    upon 

man.     What  is  to  be  done? 

Every  great  battle  is  necessarily  a  close 
one,  and  turns  upon  some  decisive  thiiig 
done  at  a  critical  time.  Our  faith  in  God 
and  belief  in  the  ultimate  triumph  of  His 
cause  even  unto  the  ends  of  the  earth  in- 
volve the  conclusion  that  alcohol  will  be 
destroyed ;  but  when  ? — and  how  ?  Evi- 
dently there  must  be  some  great  change  in 
the  general  plan  of  battle,  or  in  the  hand- 
ling of  the  forces,  or  in  both ;  and  the 
whole  future  of  the  Temperance  Reform 
must  be  seriously  affected  by  what  is  or 
is  not  now  done   by  us. 

There  ought  to  be  a  council  of  war  held, 
here  and  now.  Mr.  Lincoln,  you  know, 
found  out  gradually  that  he  had  a 
bigger  job  on  his  hands  than  he  at  first 
thought  for.  So  did  we  all.  So  did  the 
whole  nation — both  sides,  for  that  matter. 
And  something  is  accomplished  when  we 
find  out  just  what  we  have  got  to  do;  for 
then,  as  Mr.  Lincoln  and  the  nation  did, 
we  will  go  to  work  and  do  it. 

Now  there  does  not  seem  to  me  to  be 
any  right  plan  for  the  destruction  of  evils 
of  alcohol  but  that  of  total  abstinence  for 
the  individual  and  of  absolute  prohibition 
by  the  State,  the  nation  and  the  world.  I 
believe  that 

A  World-Embracingf  Plan  is  Needed, 

and  that  all  the  great  agencies  of  Chris- 
tian civilization  should  combine  and  co- 
operate with  each  other  like  allied  armies 
in  continental  wars.  It  was  thus  that  the 
African  slave  trade  was  swept  from  the 
earth,  and  inasmuch  as  alcohol  is  now  an 
article  of  universal  production,  interchange 
and  consumption  among  all  nations,  and  its 
transportation  can  be  effectively  con- 
trolled only  by  the  combined  action 
of  the  commercial  powers,  we  must  con- 
stantly aim  to  secure  in  all  civilized  na- 
tions that  public  sentiment  and  governmen- 
tal action  covering  the  whole  world,  which 
we  strive  for  with  a  special  sense  of  re- 
sponsibility   in    our    own    country. 

The  Pulpit  the  Real  Leaden 

I  think  that  any  student  of  our  history 
will  admit  that  among  organized  bodies  of 
men  the  pulpit  has  been  the  pioneer  and 
principal  promoter  of  the  great  steps  taken 
by   our   nation   in   civil,    social    and   moral 


OF     NEW    HAMPSHIRE,  U.    S.   A. 

reform.  It  is  the  business,  as  well  as  the 
inclination,  of  the  American  pulpit,  to  be 
right,  and  to  be  aggressive.  Ever  since 
the  Revolutionary  War  the  pulpit  has 
been  and  now  is  the  real  leader  of  the 
American  people,  whenever  they  arc  led 
toward  higher  and  better  life.  The  pulpit 
largely  inspires  and  controls  the  platform, 
the  press,  and  all  other  agencies  for  good. 
With  this  power  goes  corresponding  re- 
sponsibility. //,  in  the  future,  the  Temper 
aiice  Reform  is  to  be  viore  fortunate  than 
in  the  past,  there  must  be  more  general, 
united  and  eiUcient  action  for  its  promo- 
tion by  the  pulpit  than  there  has  been  in 
the  past. 

Temperance    Must  Become  as  Much 
a  Part  of  Church  Work  as  Missions. 

The  clergy  of  all  denominations  might 
well  unite  in  one  vast  association  (taking 
in  lay  persons  of  both  sexes  and  of  all  be- 
liefs) for  the  prosecution  of  the  Temper- 
ance Reform,  the  success  of  which  is  next 
to  the  success  of  godliness,  and  without 
which  it  is  impossible  to  bring  home  to  the 
individual  man  the  truths  of  a  religion 
which  can  exist  only  in  a  clear  head  and 
honest  heart.  If  the  pulpit  regardless 
OF    denominational    distinctions,    would 

UNITE  FOR  the  PROMOTION  OF  THIS  GREAT 
CAUSE,  AND  WOULD  MAKE  IT  A  PART  OF 
THEIR  PRIMARY  WORK,  SUPPORT  IT  BY  REGU- 
LAR PRESENTATION  TO  THEIR  CONGREGATIONS, 
CALLING  FOR  CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  ITS  SUPPORT, 
UNTIL    THEY    COME    TO    BE    AS    MUCH    A    PART 

OF   Christian  voluntary  taxation  to  be 

ENFORCED  BY  A  SENSE  OF  DUTY,  AS  IN  THE 
CASE  WITH  MISSIONARY  AND  BiBLE  SOCIE- 
TIES AND  OTHER  GENERAL  CAUSES,  THE  SUP- 
PORT OF  WHICH  IS  RECOGNIZED  TO  BE  OBLIGA- 
TORY UPON  ALL  WHO  CLAIM  TO  LIVE  A  PRAC- 
TICAL Christian  life,  the  future  of  the 
Temperance  Movement  would  be  as  sure 
as  the  triumph  of  the  Gospel  by  the 
SAME  eternal  WORD  OF  GoD.  _  And  why, 
since  the  eradication  of  the  influence  o_^f 
alcohol  is  a  condition  precedent  to  the  tri- 
umph of  Christianity — why,  I  ask,  is  it  not 
the  first  duty  of  the  pulpit  to  organize  for 
Temperance  Reform? 

More  than  half  of  the  human  race  are 
under  the  control  of  governments  founded 
upon  the  Christian  faith,  and  it  would  not 
be  many  years  before  that  faith  would 
dominate  the  world  if  the  pulpit  would  do 
for  the  temperance  cause  what  it  has  dona 
for  the  cause  of  missions  at  home  and 
abroad. 


"there  came   forth    fire   from   before   JEHOVAH.    AND    DEVOURED    THEM. 

God's  Flaming  Displeasure  at  Drink  in  the  Church. 


1  And  Nadab  and  Abihu,  the  sons  of  Aaron, 
took  each  of  them  his  censer,  and  put  tire 
therein,  and  laid  incense  thereon,  and 
offered  strange  fire  before  Jehovah,  which 
he  had  not  commanded  them.  2  And  there 
came  forth  fire  from  before  Jehovah,  and 
devoured  them,  and  they  died  before  Je- 
hovah. 3  Then  Moses  said  unto  Aaron, 
This  is  it  that  Jehovah  spake,  saying,  I 
will  be  sanctified  in  them  that  come  nigh 
me,  and  before  all  the  people  I  will  be  glori- 
fied. And  Aaron  held  his  peace.  4  And 
Moses  called  Mishael  and  Elzaphan,  the 
so.:s  of  Uzziel  the  uncle  of  Aaron,  and  =aid 
unto  them,  .Draw  near,  carry  your  brethren 
from  before  the  sanctuary  out  of  the  camp. 
5  .So  they  drew  near,  and  carried  them  in 
their  coats  out  of  the  camp,  as  Mo=es  had 
said.  6  And  Moses  said  unto  Aaron,  and 
unto   Eleazar  and   unto  Ithamar,  his   sons. 


Leviticus  10:  1-11. 

Let  not  the  hair  of  your  heads   go   loose, 


neither  rend  your  clothes :  that  ye  die  not, 
and  that  he  be  not  wroth  with  all  the  con- 
gregation:  but  let  your  brethren,  the  whole 
house  of  Israel,  bewail  the  burning  which 
Jehovah  hath  kindled.  7  And  ye  shall  not 
go  out  from  the  door  of  the  tent  of  meet- 
ing, lest  ye  die ;  for  the  anointing  oil  of 
Jehovah  is  upon  you.  And  they  did  accord- 
to  the  word  of  Moses.  8  And  Jehovah 
spake  unto  Aaron,  saying,  9  Drink  nc 
wine  nor  strong  drink,  thou,  nor  th} 
sons  with  thee,  when  ye  go  into  the  ten; 
of  meeting,  that  ye  die  not:  it  shall  be 
a  statute  for  ever  throughout  your  gener- 
ations: 10  And  that  ye  may  make  a  dis- 
tinction between  the  holy  and  the  common, 
and  between  the  unclean  and  the  clean ; 
II  and  that  ye  may  teach  the  children  of 
Israel  all  the  statutes  which  Jehovah  hath 
spoken  unto  them  by  Moses. 


Golden  Text:    Drink  no  wine  nor  strong   drink,  thou,  nor  thy  sons  with  thee,  when 
ye  go  into  the  tent  of  meeting. — Lev.  10  •  9. 


26 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


For  nearly  a  year  Israel  had  lingered 
at  Mount  Sinai  to  be  instructed  of 
God  as  to  morality  and  worship.  The 
ritual  that  God  had  ordered  in  every 
part  was  to  go  into  effect  on  the  very 
day  of  the  sad  event  we  are  about  to 
study.  Next  to  Aaron,  the  high  priest, 
the  most  honorable  part  in  that  service 
was  assigned  to  his  sons,  Nadab  and 
Abihu.  They  had  an  opportunity 
such  aa  seldom  comes  to  young  men. 
They  had  seen  God's  power  in  Egypt 
and  at  the  Red  Sea.  They  had  eaten 
daily  of  the  manna  from  Heaven. 
They  had  seen  the  law  God  had  writ- 
ten in  the  tables  of  stone,  and  the 
judgments  of  God  upon  those  who 
disobeyed  it  by  worshiping  the  golden 
calf.  They  knew  exactly  what  they 
were  required  to  do  in  the  important 
inauguration  day  of  the  new  ritual 
of  worship.  They  were  to  kindle  the 
incense  in  their  censers  by  taking 
coals  from  the  altar  of  burnt-offer- 
ing. They  disregarded  this  divine 
command,  and  put  "strange  fire"  of 
unconsecrated  coals  in  their  censers. 
The  offense  was  the  more  serious 
because  God  was  teaching  Israel  the 
great  lesson  of  obedience. 

It  is  probable  that  these  reckless 
young  men  even  entered  the  Most 
Holy  Place,  where  God  had  said  only 
the  high  priest  should  go,  and  he  but 
once  a  year.  As  a  fitting  punishment 
the  Shekinah  flame  "devoured  them, 
and  they  died  before  the  Lord."  These 
young  men,  who  should  have  given 
the  people  an  example  of  obedience, 
were  made  an  example  of  God's  sure 
punishment  of  disobedience. 

Two  dead  men  in  the  Holy  of 
Holies!  Such  a  sight  was  never  seen 
before!  No  one  knew  what  had  hap- 
pened, for  Nadab  and  Abihu  only  had 
gone  in.  But  when  they  did  not  come 
out,  their  father  went  in  to  see  what 
had  become  of  them.  With  a  look  of 
terror  on  his  face,   we  see  the  high 


priest  coming  out  to  tell  A^Ioses  what 
has  happened.  Aaron  can  make  no 
excuse  for  his  sons,  so  he  has  nothing 
to  say.  The  people  are  overcome  with 
terror,  and  it  is  so  quiei,  that  in  every 
part  of  the  camp  may  be  heard  the 
voice  of  Moses,  as'  he  tells  two  men, 
who  were  in  a  way  cousins  to  Nadab 
and  Abihu,  to  go  in  and  bring  out  the 
dead  bodies  and  bury  them.  Aaron 
and  his  other  two  sons  keep  out  of 
sight  while  this  is  being  done,  for  so 
Moses  had  commanded.  They  are  not 
allowed  to  attend  the  funeral,  lest  it 
should  seem  that  they  were  honoring 
the  two  men  who  had  so  dishonored 
God.  Moses  had  said  to  them,  "If 
you  come  '^ut  of  the  door  of  the  Taber- 
nacle to  see  the  dead  men  carried  out, 
you  shall  die  also." 

How  could  they  so  foolishly,  as  well 
as  wickedly,  spoil  careers  that  would 
have  led  to  highest  honor  and  useful- 
ness? The  answer  is  in  the  moral 
God  puts  on  the  story,  showing  plainly 
that  it  was  wine  that  made  them 
wreck  their  lives.  He  said  to  Aaron 
after  the  tragedy :  "Drink  no  wine  nor 
strong  drink,  thou,  nor  thy  sons  with 
thee,  when  ye  go  into  the  Tabernacle." 

Alas !  that  is  the  moral  of  many 
a  church  tragedy,  many  a  home 
tragedy  in  our  day,  that  might  have 
been  prevented  if  heed  had  been  given 
to  the  v.'arning,  "Wine  is  a  mocker, 
strong  drink  is  raging;  whosoever  is 
deceived  thereby  is  not  wise." 

The  story  suggests  the  following 
topics:  I.  Intoxicants  lead  to  sacri- 
lege.  2.  Intoxicants  sadden  the  home. 

Illustration  and  Application* 

Our  lesson  story  tells  the  beginning 
of  the  long  warfare,  not  yet  ended, 
to  drive  drink  from  the  Church. 
When  that  is  done,  it  is  quite  possible 
to  drive  it  from  the  world,  for  drunk- 
enness, as  the  Mohammedan  says,  is 
"a  Christian  sin,"  that  is,  this  vice  is 
mostlv  found  in  so-called  "Christian 


God's  Flaming  Displeasure  at  Drink  in  the  Church. 


27 


lands,"  and  others  to  which  Christian 
nations  have  sent  it.  Christian  citi- 
zens are  the  most  influential  people  in 
their  own  countries,  commercially, 
socially  and  politically,  and  could  com- 
pel these  countries  to  suppress  the 
drink  curse.  If  we  could  get  drink  out 
of  the  Church,  we  might  join  with 
the  total  abstinence  religions  in  a 
world-wide  war  of  extermination 
against    the    drinking    usages.      The 

SUPREME    REFORM    IS    TO    ENLIST    THE 

Church  in  reform.  In  order  to  do 
that,  we  must  get  the  enemy  on  the 
outside. 

''Church  Saloons/' 

That  "rum  and  religion  won't  mix"' 
was  the  emphatic  testimony  of  the 
manager  of  the  famous  "Subway 
Saloon"  of  New  York  City,  which 
was  opened  by  men  who  argued  that 
the  best  way  to  fight  "bad  saloons" 
was  by  substituting  a  "good  saloon," 
w^here  men  would  be  urged  to  drink 
only  in  moderation.  In  spite  of  this 
signal  failure  there  are  some  who  still 
argue  for  "church  saloons,"  with  the 
idea  that  it  is  not  the  alcohol  but  the 
environment  in  which  it  is  commonly 
sold  that  ruins  men.  But  all  who  are 
abreast  with  the  latest  scientific  stud- 
ies of  alcohol  know  that  it  inflames 
evil  passions  wherever  and  by  whom- 
soever sold.  The  spirituous  is  the 
opposite  of  the  spiritual.  "Be  not 
overcome  of  wine,  but  be  filled  with 
the  Spirit."  "Liquor  is  the  devil's 
way  into  a  man,  and  a  man's  way  to 
the  devil." 

Surely  no  Christian  has  a  right  to 
do  what,  if  all  the  world  followed 
his  example,  as  some  are  sure  to  do, 
would  produce  more  harm  than  good. 

In  this  lesson  we  read  of  God's  very 
first  battle  with  drink  in  the  Church, 
and    it    was    a    deadly    one    for    the 


drunken  young  priests  who  that  day 
fell  beneath  God's  thunderbolts  of 
wrath. 

This  drunken  sacrilege  is  in  accord 
with  the  history  of  drink  ever  since 
(Isa.  28:  7).  Drink  and  profanity 
are  ever  boon  companions.  Not  alone 
the  sacred  Name  but  the  sacred  Day 
is  constantly  profaned  by  those  who 
have  to  do  with  drink.  And  we  must 
also  include  in  the  sacred  vessels  that 
drink  desecrates  the  sacred  marriage 
tie. 

The  supreme  lesson  of  this  story  of 
young  priests  ruined  by  drink  is  that 
alcohol  has  no  business  inside  the 
Church,  whether  in  pulpit  or  pew.  I 
do  not  mean  the  "meeting  house"  only, 
but  the  Church  built  of  living  stones, 
all  dedicated  to  God's  service.  Let 
no  Church  think  it  enough  to  con- 
demn drunkenness.  The  liquor  deal- 
ers do  that  much  in  every  national 
convention. 

Let  us  not  put  more  into  our  Bible 
lesson  for  to-day  than  belongs  there. 
The  virtues  of  total  abstinence  and 
prohibition  had  not  yet  been  fully 
revealed.  For  clear  teachings  on  those 
virtues  we  must  look  into  later  por- 
tions of  the  Bible  and  into  the  newest 
testament  of  modern  history,  in  which 
God  is  still  speaking  to  men.  Words 
could  not  more  plainly  condemn  our 
license  system  than  the  curse  Isaiah 
pronounces  against  those  who  "justify 
the  wicked  for  a  reward"  (Isa.  5: 
23).  And  Habakkuk's  "Woe  unto 
him  that  giveth  his  neighbor  drink" 
(Hab.  2:  15)  forbids  not  only  liquor 
selling  but  treating,  and  that,  too, 
whether  the  treating  be  done  in  a 
saloon,  or  at  a  social  reception,  or 
a  private  dinner.  And  total  abstinence 
could  hardly  be  expressed  more 
strongly  than  in  the  command,  "Look 
not   thou   upon  the   wine  when   it  is 


28 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


red"  (Prov.  23:  31),  and  "Abstain 
from  every  form  of  evil"  ( i  Thcss.  5 : 
22,  Revision).  Thousands  of  churches 
have  ralhed  about  these  Bible  stand- 
ards of  total  abstinence.  The  churches 
most  advanced  in  temperance  not  only 
exclude  liquor  dealers  from  member- 
ship, but  require  ministers  and  mem- 
bers alike  to  abstain.  This  is  the 
position  of  all  Methodist  churches  in 
the  United  States.  Other  churches 
are  in  different  stages  of  progress, 
but  all  are  marching  toward  univer- 
sal abstinence.  Ministerial  drinking, 
almost  universal  a  century  ago  despite 
the  plain  implications  of  the  command 
to  Aaron  and  his  priesthood,  is  giv- 
ing place  to  total  abstinence,  and  this 
lesson  may  well  hasten  that  forward 
movement. 

A  wine  glass  in  a  pulpit  is  "strange 
fire"  indeed !  Few  churches  would 
tolerate  it.  A  British  Methodist 
preacher,  the  author  of  a  book  on 
spiritual  fire,  preaching  in  a  pulpit 
where  the  writer  of  these  lines  in 
previous  years  had  often  proclaimed 
the  Christian  duty  of  abstinence, 
placed  a  wine  glass  beside  the  pulpit 
believing  the  lying  promise  of  the 
"mocker"  that  it  would  give  him 
strength  and  inspiration.  The  people 
saw  with  surprise  and  indignation  the 
"strange  fire"  and  cared  not  a  whit 
for  the  sermon  whose  message  that 
dash  of  red  had  killed,  as  one  picture 
sometimes  kills  another  in  an  art 
gallery.  A  Scotch  Presbyterian 
preacher,  serving  a  prominent  Ameri- 
can church,  said  at  a  Burns'  banquet 
that  a  Scotchman  was  the  only  man 
that  could  carry  his  Bible  and  bot- 
tle together  and  not  get  them  mixed ; 
but  he  got  his  mixed,  and  went 
from  that  pulpit  to  an  inebriate  asy- 
lum. Both  these  preachers  are  now 
happily  exceptional  cases,  whereas  a 
hundred  years  ago  neither  incident 
would  liave  prompted  special  remark. 

But  even  this  lesson,  by  fail  impli- 


cation, goes  beyond  abstinence  for 
preachers  on  duty.  If  wine  is  unbe- 
coming in  the  pulpit,  so  is  it  also  in 
the  parsonage.  If  a  minister's  brain 
should  not  be  fuddled  when  he 
preaches  his  sermon,  no  more  should 
it  be  when  he  prepares  it.  And  what 
a  layman  sees  to  be  unchristian  in  a 
preacher  must  be  so  in  every  Chris- 
tian. "Abstain  from  every  form  of 
evil"  is  the  divine  order  for  us  all. 
In  Washington  the  writer,  at  a 
college  banquet,  sat  opposite  a  mis- 
sionary who  said  he  "drank  only  at 
banquets."  That  would  not  necessi- 
tate long  abstinence  in  these  days. 
Beside  him  sat  an  elder  who  allowed 
wine  to  be  poured  into  his  glasses,  but 
did  not  drink  it.  Only  one  at  this 
Greek-letter  banquet  set  his  wine 
glasses  right  side  up — that  is,  up  side 
down. 

Drink  Saddens  the  Home, 

Who  can  measure  the  sorrow  of 
Aaron  and  his  wife  at  the  death  of 
their  sons?  If  these  sons  had  died  in 
the  path  of  duty,  it  would  have  been 
sad  enough;  but  when  the  sons  of 
good  parents  die  in  disgraceful  sin, 
that  is  sorrow  upon  sorrow.  Such 
sorrows,  which  parents  can  speak  of 
only  to  God,  and  which  put  a  per- 
petual shadow  into  homes  that  should 
be  centres  of  light  and  joy,  come  from 
youths  tampering  with  liquors  more 
than  all  things  else. 

Nadab  and  Abihu  might  as  well 
have  stabbed  their  father  and  mother 
as  bring  into  their  home  that  trilogy 
of  sorrow  and  shame  and  death  that 
drink  has  since  so  often  repeated,  even 
in  Christian  homes.  To  be  doubly 
bereaved  so  suddenly  was  a  heavy 
grief ;  but  to  have  their  sons  die  in 
drunken  sacrilege,  that  was  heart- 
breaking, indeed,  and  every  drinker 
takes  the  risk  of  bringing  such  shame 
to  his  loved  ones. 


God's  Flatting  Displeasure  at  Drink  in  the  Church. 


29 


Shakespeare  makes  Kint;'  Lear  say  : 

"How   sharper   than    a   serpent's   tooth   to 
have  a  thankless  child!" 

But  sharper  yet  in  the  hearts  of 
parents  is  the  fang  and  pang  of 
drunkenness  in  a  son  or  daughter. 

The  horrible  fruit  of  Hquor  was  re- 
vealed in  the  juvenile  court  of 
Chicago,  when  a  probation  officer 
presented  to  the  judge  a  four-year-old 
boy  who  was  a  confirmed  drunkard. 
The  father  and  mother  of  the  child 
had  separated.  The  mother  had 
placed  her  baby  in  the  care  of  a  friend, 
who  betrayed  her  trust  and  taught  the 
child  to  drink,  because  he  acted  so 
funny  when  drunk.  It  was  stated  that 
the  child  had  acquired  such  an  appe- 
tite for  liquor  that  he  called  for  it  as 
soon  as  he  awoke  from  sleep,  and 
could  not  get  enough.  It  is  even  a 
worse  case  when  a  father  has  taught 
his  own  child  to  drink,  by  his  example 
or  otherwise. 

Some  time  ago  the  body  of  a  young 
man  was  found  in  the  River  Mersey, 
near  Liverpool.  In  his  vest  pocket 
was  a  piece  of  paper  on  which  was 
written,  "Ask  not  my  name.  Let  me 
rot.  It  is  drink  which  brought  me 
here."  The  coroner  was  so  touched 
with  the  tragedy  that  he  published  a 
description  of  the  unfortunate  youth, 
and  his  farewell  message  to  the  world. 
At  the  end  of  three  days  he  had  re- 
ceived three  hundred  letters  from  as 
many  parents  all  over  the  country, 
making  inquiries  as  to  certain  marks 
of  identification,  that  each  might  know 
if  it  was,  or  was  not,  his  boy  who 
had  come  to  such  an  untimely  end. 

In  a  report  of  the  New  York  City 
Mission,   a    story   is   told   of   a   poor 


woman  who  stood  one  Sunday  even- 
ing looking  from  her  window  in  the 
fifth  story  of  a  tenement  house,  down 
into  the  dark  court  below.  She  was 
a  drunkard's  wife,  and  she  had  gone 
to  the  window  with  the  half- formed 
purpose  of  throwing  herself  out  to 
end  her  wretched  existence.  The 
children,  clinging  to  her  skirts,  were 
all  that  prevented  her  from  carrying 
out  her  intention.  Suddenly  a  cross 
of  fire  seemed  to  spring  out  of  the 
dark  sky.  "It  is  a  vision  of  hope,  the 
voice  of  God!"  she  exclaimed.  She 
pointed  it  out  to  her  children.  And 
through  the  long  evening  the  miser- 
able little  group  sat  watching  the  fiery 
symbol  of  God's  redeeming  love 
standing  out  against  the  black  sky. 
On  inquiry,  she  learned  the  next  morn- 
ing that  it  was  the  cross  crowning 
the  steeple  of  a  city  mission  church. 
There  she  went  the  next  Sunday  night 
and  found  the  Saviour.  Soon  after 
her  imbruted  husband  was  converted, 
and  they  are  now  living  the  new  life. 

"I  sat  alone  with  my  conscience 

In  a  place  where  time  iiad  ceased, 
And  we  talked  of  my  former  living 

In  the  land  where  the  years  increased. 
The  ghosts  of  forgotten  actions 

Came  floating  before  my  sight. 
And  things  that  I  thought  were  dead  things 

Were  alive  with  a  terrible  might. 

"The  vision  of  all  my  past  life 
Was  an  awful  thing  to  face, 
Alone  with  my  conscience  sitting 
In  that  silently  solemn  place. 

"And  now  alone  with  my  conscience 

In  the  place  where  the  years  increase, 
I  try  to  recall  that  future 

In  the  land  where  time  will  cease, 
And  I  know  of  the  future  judgment 

How  dreadful  soe'er  it  be 
To  sit  alone  with  my  conscience 

Will  be  judgment  enough  for  me." 


See  Class  Pledge  at  end  of  book. 


30 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


HERALDS  OF  ABSTINENCE  AND  PROHIBITION. 


Amen-em-an,  Egyptian  Priest,  2000  B.C., 
in  letter  to  a  pupil:  Thou  knowest  that  wine 
is  an  abomination ;  thou  hast  taken  an  oath 
concerning  strong  drink  that  thou  wouldest 
not  put  such  into  thee.  Hast  thou  forgot- 
ten thine  oath?  ...  I,  thy  superior, 
forbid  thee  to  go  to  the  taverns.  Thou 
art  degraded  like  the  beasts!  God  regards 
not  the  breakers  of  pledges. — Quoted  in 
Lees'  "Text-Book  of  Temperance,"  p.  141. 

Moses,  1490  b.c,  in  Lev.  10 :  S :  And  the 
Lord  spake  unto  Aaron,  saying,  Drink  no 
wine  nor  strong  drink,  thou,  nor  thy  sons 
with  thee. 

Solomon,  iooo  b.c,  in  Proverbs  23:  29- 
35 :  Look  not  thou  upon  the  wine  when  it 
is  red. 

Homer,  950  ( ?)  b.c.  {Hector's  mother 
speaks)  :  "Far  hence  be  Bacchus'  gifts," 
Hector  rejoined  (see  p.  51.) 

Isaiah,  760  b.c,  in  5:  22:  Woe  unto 
them  that  are  mighty  to  drink  wine. 

Habakkuk,  626  B.C.,  in  2:  15:  Woe  unto 
him  that  giveth  his  neighbor  drink. 

Anacharsis,  the  Scythian,  500  b.  c  : 
Wine  bringeth  forth  three  grapes,  the  first 
of  pleasure,  the  second  of  drunkenness,  and 
the   third  of  sorrow. 

Buddha,  500  (?)  b.c,  in  Fifth  Penta- 
logue:  Drink  not  liquors  that  intoxicate 
and   disturb   the   reason. 

Chinese  Author  of  "She-King/'  450 
(?)  B.c: 

Thus   to  the  tyrant   Shen,  our  Kmg,  Wan 
said : 

"Alas !  alas !  Yin's  king  so  great, 
Not    Heaven    but    spirits    flush    your    face 
with   red. 

That  evil  thus  you  imitate. 
You  do  in  all  your  conduct  what  is  wrong. 

Darkness  to  you  the  same  as  light. 
Your  noisy  feasts  and  revels  you  prolong, 

And  day  through  you  is  black  as  night." 

Paul,  58  a.d.,  in  Rom.  14:  21:  It  is  good 
not  to  eat  flesh,  nor  to  drink  wme,  nor  to 
do  anything  'whereby  thy  brother  stum- 
bleth. 

Pliny,  the  Elder,  79  a.d.  :  In  the  course 
of   life   there   is   nothing   about   which    we 


put  ourselves  to  more  trouble  than  wine, 
as  if  nature  had  not  given  to  us  the  most 
salubrious  drink,  with  which  all  other  ani- 
mals are  satisfied.  .  .  .  And  from  so 
much  pain,  so  much  labor,  so  much  ex- 
pense, it  is  evident  that  it  changes  the  mind 
of  man,  and  causes  fury  and  rage,  casting 
headlong  the  wretches  given  to  it  into  a 
thousand  crimes  and  vices;  its  fascination 
being  so  great  that  the  multitude  can  see 
no  other  object  worth  living  for. 

Plutarch,  too  (?)  a.d.:  There  is  never 
the  body  of  a  man,  how  strong  and  stout 
soever,  if  it  be  troubled  and  inflamed,  but 
will  take  more  harm  and  offence  by  wine 
being  poured  into  it.  Many  there  be,  who 
oft  have  recourse  to  wine,  when,  I  think, 
they  had  more  need  to  run  to  the  water — 
namely,  when  overheated  witli  the  sun,  or 
frozen  and  frigid  with  the  cold,  or  when 
overstrained  with  speaking,  or  exhausted 
with  study  and  reading  of  books,  and  gen- 
erally when  weary  with  violent  exercise  and 
long  travel.  Then,  indeed,  they  fancy  that 
they  ought  to  drink  wine,  as  if  nature  her- 
self called  for  such  treating — but  in  truth 
she  desires  no  good  to  be  done  to  her  in 
this  wise.  Such  persons  should  be  totallj 
debarred  of  wine,  or  else  enjoined  to  drink 
it  well  allayed  with  water. 

Augustine  (d.  4.30  a.d.)  :  Drunkenness 
is  a  flattering  devil,  a  sweet  poison,  a  pleas- 
ant sin,  which  whosoever  hath,  hath  not 
himself;  which  whosoever  doth  commit 
committeth  not  a  single  sin,  but  becomes 
the  centre  and  the  slave  of  all  manner  of 
sin. 

Mohammed  {d.  632  a.d.),  in  Koran  5:7: 
Surely  wine  and  lots  are  an  abomination,  a 
snare   of  Satan,  therefore  avoid  them. 

Author   of  the   Eddas,    1050    (?)   a.d.: 

No  worse  companion  can  a  man  take  on 
his  journey — 

Than  drunkenness. 

Not  as  good  as  many  believe 

Is  beer  to  the  sons  of  men. 

The  more  one  drinks,  the  less  he  knows, 

And  less  power  has  he  over  himself. 

Luther,  1522:  Where  will  we  find  a  ser- 
mon strong  enough  to  restrain  us  in  our 
scandalous,  hoggish  life,  and  to  rescue  us 
from  this  Drink  Devil? — From  a  Sermon 
on  I  Pet.  4:  7,  t^nhlished  in  The  Voice,  Aug. 
20th,  1885. 

iConfiniird  on  pa<jc  62.) 


Have    Wc    Bible    JVarrant    for    Wine   Drinking? 


31 


HAVE  WE  BIBLE   WARRANT  FOR  WINE  DRINKING? 

(from    leaflet   of    preskyterian    temperance    committee,    u.    s.     a.,    by    president 

james   wallace,  ph.d.,  ll.d.) 


In  interpreting  the  teacliings  of  the  Bible, 
especially  as  they  have  to  do  with  social 
customs  and  institutions,  it  is  necessary  to 
observe  certain  important  rules  of  interpre- 
tation.   Among  these  are  the  following : 

(i)  All  Scripture  must  be  interpreted 
with  reference  to  the  time  and  country  in 
which,  people  for  whom,  and  immediate 
object  for  which,  it  was  written. 

(2)  What  is  local  and  transient  must 
be  carefully  distinguished  from  what  is 
general  and  permanent. 

(3)  As  the  Bible  is  a  progressive  reve- 
lation, its  final  attitude  toward  any  ques- 
tionable social  custom  or  institution  must  be 
determined,  if  possible,  by  its  fundamental 
teachings  at  a  period  of  most  complete 
development. 

The  violation  of  one  or  all  of  these  rules 
of  interpretation  has  wrought  untolcj  injury 
to  the  cause  of  truth.  Human  slavery  was 
defended  on  supposedly  Scriptural  grounds, 
the  temporary  regulations  of  Moses  being 
allowed  to  obscure  such  a  general  principle 
as,  "Whatsoever  ye  would  that  men  should 
do  to  you,  do  ye  even  so  to  them.''  The 
Mormons  exalt  the  example  of  the  old  patri- 
archs above  the  great  law  of  monogamy 
that  runs  through  the  entire  Bible.  The  ab- 
solutism of  the  Jewish  kings  furnished  argu- 
ments for  the  divine  right  of  kings,  the 
fundamental  principle  of  human  equality 
being  overlooked  or  ignored.  Thus,  too, 
has  the  Christian  liberty  of  women  been 
abridged  by  some  who  have  exalted  Paul's 
instructions  to  some  of  his  converts,  above 
the  fundamental  fact  of  her  spiritual 
equality. 

The    Ancient    Problem    versus    The 

Modern, 

In  the  same  fashion  are  the  teachings  of 
Scripture  in  regard  to  the  use  of  intoxi- 
cants often  perverted.  Keeping  in  mind 
the  first  rule  of  interpretation,  let  us  notice 
the  marked  differences  between  the  tem- 
perance question  of  the  ancient  Jews  and 
that  of  the  people  of  to-day. 


(i)  The  process  of  distillation  was  not 
discovered  till  about  the  seventh  century 
after  Christ.  We  must,  therefore,  eliminate 
from  the  list  of  intoxicants  known  to  the 
ancient  Jews,  all  the  distilled  liquors,  such 
as  whiskey,  gin,  rum  and  brandy. 

(2)  There  is  no  proof  that  the  Jews 
used  or  knew  how  to  make  ale  or  beer.  If 
they  had  such  knowledge,  the  warm  climate 
rendered  it  difficult  to  make  these  drinks 
and  impracticable  to  keep  them  constantly 
on  hand,  since  the  day  of  ice  houses  and 
refrigerators  had  not  yet  arrived.  Hence 
we  may  feel  sure  that  ale,  beer,  porter  and 
the  like  played  little  or  no  part  in  the  evils 
of  intemperance  among  the  ancient  Jews. 
The  words  ""beer"  and  "ale"  are  not  found 
in  the  English  Bible,  nor  do  the  Hebrew 
and  Greek  of  the  Old  and  New  Testament 
contain  their  exact  equivalents.  That  a 
drink  made  of  barley,  as  Herodotus  tells  us, 
was  used  by  the  ancient  Egyptians,  is  not 
proof  that  it  was  also  a  Jewish  drink. 

(3)  What  is  termed  "strong  drink"  in 
the  English  Bible  (Hebrew,  shekar)  is 
always  mentioned  side  by  side  with  wine, 
and  there  is  no  evidence  that  it  was 
more  intoxicating,  though  it  was  probably 
stronger  to  the  taste.  Its  composition  is 
not  certain,  but  it  was  probably  made  from 
the  juices  of  fruits  or  of  grains  more  or 
less  fermented  and  mixed  with  honey  or 
spices.  From  Isaiah  5 :  22  it  is  clear  that 
it  was  a  mixed  drink,  and  from  Isaiah  24: 
9,  that  it  was  normally  sweet.  That  it 
had  no  such  prominent  place  as  an  article 
of  drink  as  wine,  appears  from  the  fact 
that  while  the  common  words  for  wine  are 
found  181  times  in  the  Bible,  shekar 
("strong  drink"  or  mead),  occurs  but 
twenty-four  times.  It  is  worthy  of  note 
that  in  Ezekiel's  remarkable  description 
(ch.  27)  of  the  merchandise  of  ancient 
Tyre,  "strong  drink'"  is  not  mentioned  at 
all,  and  wine  but  once. 

(4)  There_  was  a  very  meagre  knowl- 
edge of  chemistry  among  the  ancients,  and 
hence  adulteration  could  not  have  been 
practiced  as  it  is  among  civilized  nations 
to-day.     It  is  morally  certain  that  the  wine 


32 


World  Book  of  Temperance, 


of  the  ancient  Jews,  like  that  of  the  peas- 
ants in  Mediterranean  countries  to  this 
day,  was  a  pure  wine.  It  is  a  notorious 
fact  that  adulteration  of  drinks  is  now  car- 
ried on  to  an   alarming  extent. 

(5)  The  venders  of  intoxicants  among 
the  ancient  Jews  had  no  organized  political 
influence,  had  no  vast  amounts  of  capital 
invested  in  saloons,  breweries  and  distil- 
leries, and  did  not  seek  to  control  legisla- 
tion in  their  own  behalf,  as  do  their  suc- 
cessors in  recent  times.  The  organization 
of  the  liquor  traffic  as  now  cfifected  has 
added  enormously  to  its  power  for  evil. 

(6)  The  Jewish  race  has  never  been  so 
addicted  to  intemperance  as  the  Anglo- 
Saxon.  This  is  a  well-known  fact.  In  the 
recent  work,  "Economic  Aspects  of  the 
Liquor  Question,"  prepared  by  the  Com- 
mittee of  Fifty,  new  evidence  of  this  fact 
is  furnished,  and  it  is  declared  that  "the 
Hebrew  race  is  noted  for  its  sobriety,  the 
world  over.'  Though  often  hying  in  the 
lowest   social   strata   in   our   cities   and   ex- 

I  posed  to  the  temptations  of  the  drink  traf- 
fic, but  few  Jews  become  habitual  drunk- 
ards. 

(7)  The  milder  climates  of  Palestine 
and  the  easy-going  life  of  its  people,  ren- 
dered the  use  of  intoxicants  far  less  tempt- 
ing and  perilous  than  the  stimulating  cli- 
mates and  the  more  strenuous  life  of 
northern  Europe  and  America. 

(8)  Then,  too,  wine  and  "strong 
drink"  were  relatively  much  more  expen- 
sive than  in  modern  times.  The  Jewish 
peasant  lived  in  very  humble  circumstances 
and  his  income  was  pitifully  small.  Cheap 
as  wine  was,  it  was  too  dear  and  too  im- 
portant a  source  of  income  for  the  fam- 
ily, to  be  used  with  unrestrained  freedom. 
To  this  day  in  the  Levant  the  peasantry, 
as  a  class,  are  enforced  by  the  demands  of 
rigid  economy  to  a  very  moderate  use  of 
wine.  Hence,  as  Dr.  Beecher  truly  says 
(see    the   new   Hastings   Bible    Dictionary, 

I  sub.  Drunkenness),  "in  a  large  majority 
of  the  passages  in  the  Bible  that  speak  of 
this  matter,  drunkenness  is  explicitly 
spoken  of  as  the  vice  of  the  wealthy."  A 
study  of  the  text  and  context  of  passages 
that  denounce  drunkenness  shows  that  it 
was  very  largely  confined  to  the  rich  and  to 
the  upper  classes  of  society.  All  things 
considered,  it  is  probably  quite  within  the 
truth  to  affirm  that  wine  in  ancient  times 
cost  ten  times  as  much,  relatively,  as  it 
does  now.  Dr.  Beecher  puts  it  even  more 
strongly,     suggesting     that    the    price     of 


enough  wine  or  beer  to  make  a  man  drunk 
was  equal  to  half  a  month's  wages. 

General  Conclusiors, 

The  above  comparisons  justify  the  infer- 
ence that  the  drink  problem  of  the  ancient 
Jews  was  very  simple  and  insignificant 
compared  with  that  of  modern  times ;  that, 
all  the  facts  considered,  strongly  as  drunk- 
enness is  denounced  in  the  Bible,  the  evils 
of  intemperance  were  immeasurably  less 
than  among  the  Anglo-Saxon  nations  of 
to-day. 

A  careful  survey  of  all  the  references  in 
the  Bible  to  this  subject  leads  to  these  con- 
clusions. 

(i)  Wine  among  the  ancient  Jews  was 
a  staple  article  of  food,  like  grain,  oil  and 
milk,  and  in  the  Bible  its  general  use  is 
taken  for  granted.  It  was  believed  to  give 
good  cheer  (Ps.  104:  15),  and  a  good  crop 
of  wine,  like  other  good  crops,  was  indica- 
tive of  God's  blesting.  (Deut.  7:  13;  Prov. 
3:  10.) 

(2)  Though  its  use  is  thus  takei  for 
granted,  it  was  not  encouraged,  exce  >t  as 
a  tonic  or  medicine,  (i  Tim.  5 :  23 ;  I'rov. 
31:  6,  7.) 

A  Most  Important  Principle  of  Con- 
duct. 

But  the  Bible  has  a  still  clearer  message 
on  this'  subject  than  in  the  facts  and  prin- 
ciples set  forth  above.  There  is  a  hint  of 
it  in  Levit.  19:  14.  "Thou  shalt  not  put 
a  stumbling  block  before  the  blind;"  a-  d  in 
Isa.  57:  14.  "Take  up  the  stumblinp-  >lock 
out  of  the  way  of  my  people."  Much  more 
pointedly  did  Jesus  enunciate  the  same 
truth.  He  pronounced  woes  upon  those  by 
whom  ofifenses  (causes  of  stumbling)  came. 
(See  also  Rom.  14:  21.) 

Application  to  the  Problem  of  To-cJay. 

What  great  social  wrong  has  not  found 
defenders,  often  ministers,  to  quote  the 
Bible  in  its  support?  If  Christ  were  now 
among  us,  there  is  no  doubt  He  would 
send  forth  the  forked  lightnings  of  His 
wrath  against  these  modern  literalistic 
Pharisees,  with  even  more  fiery  indignation 
than  He  did  against  those  of  old,  who,  ty 
misinterpretation,  make  the  law  of  God  of 
no   effect.     .     .     . 

Total  abstinence,  then,  I  believe  to  be 
the  Biblical  law  of  conduct  for  the  Chris- 
tian of  to-day.  We  must  avoid  being 
stumbling  blocks,  as  both  Christ  and  Paul. 
have  plainly  taught,  and  total  abstinence 
is   the   only  way  of  doing  this. 

As  FUNDAMENTAL  JUSTICE  APPROVES  PRO- 
HIBITION, so  FUNDAMENTAL  BIBLICAL  PRIN- 
CIPLES  COMMEND  TOTAL  ABSTINENCE. 


The   Nazarite   Pledge,  "Limited/'   the   First   of 

Temperance  Pledges. 


Numbers  6:   i-6. 


I  And  Jehovah  spake  unto  Moses,  saying, 

2  Speak  unto  the  children  of  Israel,  and 
say  unto  them,  When  either  man  or  woman 
shall  make  a  special  vow,  the  vow  of  a 
Nazarite,  to    separate    himself  unto  Jehovah, 

3  he  shall  separate  himself  from  wine  and 
strong  drink;  he  shall  drink  no  vinegar  of 
wine,  or  vinegar  of  strong  drink,  neither 
shall  he  drink  any  juice  of  grapes,  nor  eat 
fresh   grapes  or  dried.    4  All   the  days   of 


his  separation  shall  he  eat  nothing  that  is 
made  of  the  grape-vine,  from  the  kernels 
even  to  the  husk.  5  All  the  days  of  his 
vow  of  separation  there  shall  no  razor 
come  upon  his  head :  until  the  days  be  ful-' 
filled  in  which  he  scparateth  himself  unto 
Jehovah,  he  shall  be  holy;  he  shall  let  the 
locks  of  the  hair  of  his  head  grow  long. 
6  All  the  days  that  he  separateth  himself 
unto  Jehovah  he  shall  not  come  near  to  a 
dead  body. 


Golden  Text:    Come  ye  out  from  among     them  and  he  ye  separate,  saith  the  Lord, 
and  touch  no  unclean  thing,  and  I  will  receive  you. — 2  Cor.  6:   17. 


The  story  of  the  Nazarite  pledge 
has  been  assigned  but  once  as  a  quar- 
terly temperance  lesson  for  Sunday- 
schools  in  the  International  Series, 
probably  because  the  Lesson  Com- 
mittee has  felt  that  the  average 
teacher  has  not  been  supplied  with 
sufficient  help  to  show^  the  value  of 
such  a  qualified  abstinence.  We  shall 
try  to  show  that  the  Nazarite  vow, 
frankly  studied  in  its  limitations,  is 
an  instructive  step  in  the  gradual 
evolution  of  total  abstinence. 

Our  lesson  is  located  where?  In 
the  plain  before  Sinai.  When?  Dur- 
ing the  time  of  the  giving  of  God's 
law,  when  "the  Mount  burned  with 
fire"  as  a  picture  of  God's  wrath  and 
of  the  purifying  Spirit  He  will  send 
into  all  hearts  conscious  of  sin  and 
willing  to  be  purged.  It  is  significant 
that  the  laws  in  the  previous  chapter 
are  flaming  condemnations  of  adultery 
and  other  forms  of  impurity,  whose 
relation  to  wine,  as  of  effect  to  cause, 
had  already  been  shown  in  the  cases 
of  Noah,  Lot,  and  others.  The 
thought  back  of  this  vow  manifestly 
is  that  the  man  who  is  deeply  con- 
cerned to  he  pure  should  make  sure 
that  he   will   not   take   anything   that 


can  possibly  intoxicate.  The  vow 
covered  everything  that  is  even  un- 
der suspicion,  including  not  only  fer- 
mented wine,  but  all  its  family  rela- 
tions. This  was  the  more  natural 
because  fermentation  was  not  then 
understood.  Even  now  it  is  under- 
stood by  few  that  ferments  are  one 
of  the  newly-discovered  races  of  mi- 
crobes, and  that  they  get  into  fruits 
and  grains  when  the  protecting  skin 
is  broken  and  gorge  themselves  on  the 
juices,  leaving  their  own  liquid  ex- 
crement called  alcohol  in  exchange. 
Now  let  the  informed  poet  try  to  sing 
of  "the  ruby  wine,"  or  enjoy  it  if  he 
can.  And'  to-day  there  is  danger  from 
the  so-called  "temperance  beer"  and 
"near  beer"  that  are  sent  so  abun- 
dantly wherever  Prohibition  has  won. 
The  Nazarite  pledge,  to  express  it  in 
modern  phraseology,  included  "near 
beer"  in  order  to  be  absolutely  safe. 

What,  exactly,  was  provided  for  in 
the  Mosaic  law  as  to  Nazarites? 

Individuals  ambitious  to  be  holy 
were  permitted,  not  required,  to  take 
a  certain  prescribed  pledge  of  ab- 
stinence from '  wine  and  grapes  ir 
every  form  for  such  a  period  as  thev 
might  choose — it  was  seldom  for  life 


34 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


— and  to  proclaim  their  vow  by  Ijiig 
iiair  as  a  badge. 

Some  have  called  the  Nazarites 
"the  First  Temperance  Society,"  but 
that  is  incorrect,  for  Nazarites  did 
not  hold  meetings  to  encourage  each 
other  and  rally  others  to  their  cause. 
It  was  not  even  a  monastic  order, 
but  an  individual  "order  of  life,"  an- 
alogous to  the  act  of  those  who  to- 
day take  the  pledge  for  a  year,  or 
abstain  from  liquors  and  tobacco  and 
coffee  and  pie  while  training  for  an 
athletic  event.  The  Nazarites  were 
training  for  moral  excellence.  After 
they  have  completed  the  specified 
period  of  self-denial  the  Mosaic  law 
specifically  says  that  they  "may 
drink  wine"  (Num.  6:  20). 

Previously,  because  of  the  drunken 
sacrilege  of  the  two  priests,  Nadab 
and  Abihu,  all  priests  had  been  put 
under  compulsory  total  abstinence  in 
the  very  law  of  God.  And  surely,  if 
intoxicating  beverages  were  danger- 
ous for  priests  then  and  were,  there- 
fore, prohibited,  that  law  should  have 
been  regarded  as  binding  on  all  min- 
isters in  all  centuries  and  countries. 
But  in  the  very  story  of  the  Nazar- 
ites these  laymen  are  told  that  after 
their  vow  is  fulfilled  they  may  drink. 
Here  is  a  real  Bible  difficulty  that 
we  should  face  without  evasion. 

**  Two  Kinds  of  Wine  ^'— and  More. 

As  the  very  pledge  of  the  Nazarite 
includes  the  two  kinds  of  Bible  wine, 
fermented  and  unfermented,  and  al- 
most every  other  original  word  trans- 
lated "wine"  in  the  Bible,  this  is  the 
very  place  to  meet  squarely  the  dif- 
ficulty presented  in  the  fact  that, 
while  some  Bible  passages — such  as 
constitute  most  of  the  lessons  in  this 
book — 'discountenance  the  drinking  of 
wine,  other  passages  seem  to  permit 
and  commend  the  use  of  wine. 

Let    us,    first    of   all,    sweep   away 


certain  irrelevant  passages,  sometimes 
cited  to  prove  that  "the  Bible  approves 
wine  drinking."  To  prove  tliat  only 
didactic  teachings  of  the  inspired 
writers  can  properly  be  cited.  It  is 
irrelevant  to  say  that  Abraham,  Isaac 
and  Jacob  used  wine,  for  none  of 
them  were  Bible  writers,  and  no  one 
claims  inspiration  for  the  conduct 
even  of  Bible  writers,  some  of  whom 
also  used  wine.  The  difficulty  in 
Abraham's  using  wine,  in  spite  of 
its  bad  effect  on  Noah,  which  should 
have  warned  him,  is  of  the  same  sort 
as  the  difficulty  we  find  in  his  polyg- 
amy and  slaveholding.  To  such  cases 
it  is  appropriate  to  apply  that  phrase 
of  large  charity,  "the  arrest  of  thought 
has  not  come,"  used  by  Dr.  Frances 
E.  Willard,  so  long  leader  of  the 
Woman's  Christian  Temperance 
Union,  for  those  who  in  some  Euro- 
pean countries  set  beer  or  wine  at 
every  plate,  even  ior  a  Young  Men's 
Christian  Association  banquet  or  for 
a  church  dedication.  It  is  yet  more 
appropriate  to  say,  "the  arrest  of 
thought  had  not  come"  of  those  great 
and  good  men  of  Bible  times  who  had 
not  learned  total  abstinence,  which, 
however,  had  more  distinguished  ad- 
vocates and  exemplars  in  Palestine 
than  it  ever  had  in  any  other  land 
down  to  the  nineteenth  Christian  cen- 
tury, including  Samson,  Samuel,  Jona- 
dab,  Solomon,  Isaiah,  Daniel,  Hab- 
akkuk,  John  the  Baptist,  Peter  and 
Paul. 

Another  class  of  passages  to  be 
switched  on  a  side  track  as  not  per- 
tinent to  the  main  question,  the  use  of 
intoxicants  for  a  beverage,  is  the 
medicinal  group.  It  is  most  imper- 
tinent for  a  bloated  barkeeper  or  a 
tippling  preacher  to  cite  Paul's  medi- 
cal hint  to  Timothy  to  "take  a  little 
wine  for  his  stomach's  sake  and  for 
his  often  infirmities"  (i  Tim.  5:  23). 
Those  who  cite  this  passage  are  sel- 
dom those  who  "take  a  little,"  or  take 


The  Nazarite  Pledge,  "Limited,"  First  of  Temperance  Pledges.        35 


it  for  medicinal  purposes,  though  they 
sometimes  hypocritically  try  to  per- 
suade themselves  and  others  that 
"health"  and  not  fuddle  is  their  ob- 
ject. Whether  the  time  has  come  for 
total  abstinence  to  be  extended  to 
medicines  is  to  be  .separately  consid- 
ered. Milk  and  hot  water  and  other 
substitutes  are  now  used  in  the  great 
hospitals  in  such  cases  as  were  sup- 
posed to  require  alcohol  in  former 
years.  But  no  one  has  yet  claimed 
that  God  should  have  inspired  phy- 
sicians that  they  might  from  the  first 
be  free  from  imperfection,  and  when 
the  beneficent  discovery  of  alcoholic 
anesthetics  was  yet  in  the  far  future, 
the  recommendation  of  alcohol  in 
other  forms  to  dull  the  pain  of  the 
dying  can  hardly  be  considered  as  in- 
consistent with  a  progressive  revela- 
tion. This  remark  may  lessen  if  it 
does  not  remove  the  difficulty  in  the 
words  of  Solomon,  "Give  strong  drink 
unto  him  that  is  ready  to  perish" 
(Prov.  31:  6),  which  must  be  inter- 
preted in  harmony  with  his  great  ex- 
hortation, "Look  not  thou  upon  the 
wine  when  it  is  red"  (Prov.  23:  31). 

There  are  many  passages  in  which 
"wine"  is  spoken  of  favorably,  in 
which  the  original  word  is  tirosh, 
which  all  admit  to  mean  "new 
wine,"  that  is,  unfermented  grape 
juice,  which  is  still  much  used  in  the 
Orient.  The  "two-wine  theory,"  how- 
ever, claims  too  much  in  saying  that 
the  Bible  always  commends  tirosh, 
and  always  condemns  yayin.  Tirosh 
is,  indeed,  only  once  condemned,  in 
Hos.  4:  II,  where  it  is  named  with 
yayin  and  sensuality  in  a  triumvirate 
of  evil  influences,  and  x^cts  2:  13  also 
suggests  the  possibility  of  danger 
even  in  half-fermented  drinks. 

Having  swept  aside  as  irrelevant, 
or  free  from  difficulties,  all  references 
to  wine  as  used  by  Bible  characters 
and  medical  references,  and  references 
to  new  wine,  let  us  face  the  real  dif- 


ficulties, which  arc  represented  by 
four  verses  following : 

Exodus  29 :  40 :  "And  the  drink 
offering  thereof  shall  be  of  wine" 
(yayin). 

Numbers  6:  20:  "After  that  the 
Nazarite   may   drink   wine"    (yayin). 

Psalm  104:  14,  15:  "Jehovah  .  .  . 
causeth  the  grass  to  grow  .... 
that  He  may  bring  forth  food  out  of 
the  earth,  and  wine  (yayin)  that 
maketh  glad  the  heart  of  man." 

John  2:  i-io:  "Jesus  turned  water 
into  wine"  (onios). 

The  key  to  these  difficulties  is  in  two 
utterances  of  Christ.  He  said  that 
Moses  tolerated  lax  divorce  tempo- 
rarily because  of  the  "hardness" — that 
is,  the  imperfect  development — "of 
the  people's  hearts"  (Matt.  19:  8),  and 
He  intimated  that  there  were  other 
evils  to  which  the  great  principles  of 
religion  could  not  be  applied  even  in 
New  Testament  times,  when  He  said, 
"I  have  many  things  to  say  unto  you, 
but  ye  cannot  bear  them  now"  (John 
16:  12).  He  has  been  saying  two  of 
those  things  in  our  day :  Emancipa- 
tion and  Prohibition,  both  direct  out- 
growths of  Christ's  fundamental 
teachings,  for  which  the  world  was 
not  ready  till  the  nineteenth  century. 
"The  time  of  our  ignorance  God 
winked  at,"  but  now  He  commandeth 
all  the  governments  that  license  so 
manifest  an  evil  as  the  liquor  traffic 
to  repent. 

As  the  Mosaic  law  tolerated  and 
mitigated  by  regulations  both  slavery 
and  polygamy  when  even  good  men 
were  not  ready  for  their  abolition, 
so  wine  drinking  was  tolerated  and 
mitigated  in  the  same  law.  When 
bread  and  wine  were  the  common 
staples  of  food,  bread  and  wine  were 
naturally  the  two  parts  of  an  offer- 
ing to  God,  representing  His  crops  of 
grain  and  grapes,  and  the  usual  fur- 
nishings of  the  table.  When  complete 
abstinence,    except    for   priests,   could 


36 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


not  be  secured,  partly  because  the 
drink  evil  in  that  age  was  less  alarm- 
ing than  now,  temporary  abstinence 
by  a  Nazarite  vow  was  encouraged. 

The  progressive  and  partly  human 
character  of  God's  revelation  may  ex- 
plain, in  part  at  least,  the  fact  that 
David  speaks  of  the  same  drink  as 
making  "glad,"  which  his  son,  Solo- 
mon, more  experienced  in  such  mat- 
ters, declares  to  be  the  fountain  of 
"woe''  and  "sorrow." 

As  to  Jesus  making  wine,  which 
may  also  explain  why  He  was 
charged  with  being  a  "wine-bibber" 
(Matt.  II :  19),  it  may  not  be  enough 
to  say  tha;t  it  certainly  was  not  made 
by  fermentation;  that  it  may  have 
been  only  new  wine ;  that  we  are  no 
more  bound  to  drink  wine,  if  He  did, 
than  to  eat  barley  bread  because  He 
did;  that  in  any  case  there  is  none  of 
His  wine,  whatever  it  was,  in  the 
market.  It  is  more  appropriate  to  say 
that,  though  Christ  may  have  toler- 
ated the  use  of  wine  when  drunken- 
ness was  so  small  an  evil  that  He 
refers  to  it  but  once,  the  present 
drinking  usages  and  the  present  drink 
traffic  is  as  opposite  to  the  funda- 
mental teachings  of  Christ  as  mid- 
night is  opposite  to  noon,  and  that 
it  is  the  very  people  who  have  most 
fully  absorbed  the  spirit  of  Christ 
who  are  seeking  the  suppression  of 
the  drink  evil. 

Let  Our  Drink  Bs  Above  Suspicion. 

Not  alone  Bible  principles,  but 
many  Bible  passages,  point  out  the 
evil  influence  of  drink,  and  suggest 
lessons  still  profitable  for  instruction, 
for  correction  in  righteousness. 

This  story  of  the  Nazarites,  for  ex- 
ample, though  no  one  will  urge  that 
we  should  abstain  from  grapes  (God's 
own  wine-bottles),  does  suggest  that 
we  should  make  our  practice,  if  not 
our  pledge,  rule  out  every  drink  that 
is  to-day  under  suspicion.     Many  of 

i:.!:^  Clu::;j  Pled; 


us  know  what  mischief  has  been  done 
by  making  an  exception  in  pledges 
for  "new  cider,"  which  can  be  had 
now  only  at  the  cider  press,  as  fer- 
mentation begins  when  any  fruit  is 
crushed.  Wherever  prohibition  tri- 
umphs there  comes  in  such  devices 
as  "uno  beer,"  meaning  beer  with 
only  one  per  cent,  alcohol,  or  "near 
beer,"  both  manufactured  by  the  out- 
cast brewers  to  hold  some  of  the  lost 
trade,  and  so  needing  constant  watch- 
ing- 

The  soda  fountain,  with  its  juices 
of  cocaine  mistaken  for  harmless 
cocoa  and  other  abuses,  also  needs 
watching.  In  Iowa  and  other  States 
the  attempts  to  exempt  "native  wine" 
from  the  operations  of  prohibition 
have  proved  a  total  failure  in  two 
ways :  First,  in  that  the  people  have 
found  that  alcohol  "makes  the  drunk 
come,"  whether  it  be  in  native  or  im- 
ported drinks;  and,  second,  in  that 
those  who  sell  "native  wine"  and 
other  so-called  "temperance  drinks" 
are  very  prone  to  sell  stronger  drinks, 
or  even  to  put  alcohol  in  the  "soft 
drinks,"  in  spite  of  any  law  to  the 
contrary. 

Let  children  be  taught  that  water 
and  milk,  the  drinks  that  God  made, 
the  only  drinks  allowed  to  athletes 
training  for  victory,  are  drinks  good 
enough  for  anyone.  Tell  a'  strong 
boy  wanting  to  drink  coffee,  only  to 
imitate  some  older  person,  that  coffee 
is  a  crutch.  What  does  a  strong  boy 
need  of  a  crutch?  A  stimulant  is  a 
whip.  What  does  a  good  horse  or 
a  manly  boy  need  of  a  whip? 

We  would  not  put  any  but  intoxi- 
cating drinks  into  a  pledge,  much  less 
prohibit  any  others  by  law,  but  the 
Nazarite  of  to-day  will  avoid  all  stim- 
ulants and  sedatives  because  of  the 
wisdom  of  Isaac  Newton's  saying: 

"I    make    myself    no    necessities," 

Send    to    U.    S.    Runau    of    Chomistry    for 
iuformation  as  ':o  soda  lountaiD  perils. 
;c  i'.t  cud  of  buoli. 


HOW    GOD'S     FRUITS     AND    GRAINS     ARE 

DEVIL'S  ALCOHOL. 

By    Mrs.    Edith    Smith    Davis,     A.M., 
Director   of    the    Bureau    of    ScientiQc    Temperance     Investigation 
Department    of    Scientific    Temperance     Instruction,      World's 
Christian  Temperance   Union. 


TURNED    INTO    THE 


Litt.D., 

and     Suiiorintondont     of 
and     National     Woman's 


the 


God  gives  His  fruits  and  grains  to  build 
up  the  liuinan  body.  He  furnishes  water, 
because  man's  body  is  very  like  this  great 
earth  of  ours,  three-fourths  of  it  water, 
and  therefore  needs  a  constant  supply.  We 
know  that  God  intended  water  for  man's 
use  since  everything  living  requires  it  from 
the  lowest  plant  to  the  highest  animal,  man. 
Our  Heavenly  Father  gives  us  not  only 
what  the  body  needs,  but  what  it  may  en- 
joy as  well.  He  paints  the  flowers,  fruits 
and  grains  so  that  they  are  beautiful  to  the 
eye  as  well  as  useful  to  the  body.  He  gives 
them  a  delicate  odor  to  appeal  to  the  sense 
of  smell.  He  also  flavors  them  to  appeal 
to  the  sense  of  taste.  But  everything  that 
He  gives  to  His  children  is  to  build  them 
up.  Fruits  and  grains  are  for  the  build- 
ing up,  not  the  tearing  down  of  the  body. 

USES    OF    GRAINS    AND   FRUITS. 

Wheat — ^flour — bread. 

Corn — meal — corn-cake. 

Grapes — grape-juice — grape- jeliy. 

Apples — apple-juice — apple-jelly. 

Fruit  juice  is  good  when  it  is  fresh  from 
che  fruit.  H  one  wishes  to  keep  apple  juice 
or  grape  juice  for  future  use,  it  may  be 
boiled,  bottled  while  boiling  hot,  sealed  to 
exclude  the  air,  and  it  will  be  a  wholesome 
and  nourishing  drink.  We  say  that  these 
changes  in  grain  and  fruits  are  natural. 
But  we  may  have  chemical  changes.  Bar- 
ley contains  sugar.  Soak  it  in  water  for- 
ty-eight hours  and  spread  it  out  in  a  cool 
place  and  it  begins  to  sprout.  Dry  it  then 
and  roast  it  and  you  will  have  malt.  Crush 
this  malt  and  put  hot  water  on  it  and  you 
will  have  sweet  water,  or  sweetwort,  as  it 
is  called.  This  sweet  water  may  be  boiled 
with  some  hops  in  it  to  make  it  bitter. 
There  is  no  alcohol,  as  yet,  present  in  the 
mixture.  We  must  add  yeast  in  order  to 
get  alcohol.  Yeast  is  a  plant  which  feeds 
upon  sugar.  As  it  eats  the  sugar  it  begins 
to  grow.  While  growing  it  gives  out  an 
excretion.  This  excretion  is  made  up  of 
carbon  dioxide  and  alcohol.  The  carbon 
dioxide  passes  off  in  the  form  of  gas,  while 
the  alcohol  remains  in  the  sweet  water  to 
which  the  hops  have  been  added,  and  we 
have  beer.  Thus  God's  grain,  barley,  is 
transformed    into   the  destructive   drink. 

The  apple  and  the  grape,  as  God  gives 
them  to  us,  are  nourishing,  and  energy 
may  be  derived  from  drinking  their  juice. 
Ij,  however,  the  juice  is  exposed  to  the 
air,  the  little  yeast  germs  floating  in  the 


air  fall  into  it.  These  yeast  germs  are 
identical  with  those  that  were  put  into  the 
sweet  water  to  make  the  beer.  As  they 
remain  in  the  apple  and  grape  juice,  they 
begin  to  feed  upon  the  sugar  and  give  out 
the  carbon  dioxide  and  alcohol  and  the 
grape  juice  becomes  wine  and  the  apple 
juice,  cider.  What  a  dangerous  little  plant 
the  yeast  plant  is!  Yes,  but  if  used  prop- 
erly it  does  not  belong  to  the  breaking 
down  of  life,  but  to  building  it  up.  Every 
time  bread  is  made  we  put  in  the  same  lit- 
tle yeast  plant  and  it  feeds  upon  the  sugar 
and  gives  out  alcohol  and  carbon  dioxide 
and  the  bubbles  of  gas  push  the  bread  up 
and  make  it  light.  To  be  sure,  the  alcohol 
remains  in  the  bread,  but  we  drive  it  all 
out  by  baking  the  bread.  If  we  did  not 
bake  it,  the  bread  would  not  be  wholesome, 
and  sometimes  when  the  bread  has  not 
been  baked  sufficiently  it  has  the  unpleas- 
ant odor  of  alcohol. 

WHAT    BREAD    AND    BEER    DO. 

Bread  increases  a  man's  muscle. 
Beer  changes  the  muscle  to  fat. 
Grain,  made  into  bread,  builds  up  the 
man.  The  strong  man  builds  up  his  com- 
munity, helps  build  the  schools  and 
churches,  aids  in  the  growth  of  industries 
and  commerce.  He  makes  all  life  hap- 
pier because  he  uses  God's  gifts  as  God 
intended  them  to  be  used. 

Grain,  made  mto  beer,  or  fruits  made 
into  wine  or  cider  or  any  form  of  alco- 
holic drink,  break  down  the  man.  And 
the  man  who  takes  them,  instead  of  help- 
ing to  build  up  a  community,  is  a  menace 
to  it.  Such  men  help  to  fill  our  jails, 
penitentiaries,  almshouses  and  asylums. 
They  bring  great  expense  to  a  community 
because  they  necessitate  having  many  po- 
licemen, hospitals  and  places   of   reform. 

Prof  Winfield  S.  Hall,  a  former  teacher 
of  physiology,  has  given  us  the  following 
clear  table  of  the  results  of  using  God's 
gifts   in  the  two  different  ways. 

Happiness 
Development 
Strength 
Muscle 
Bread 
Grain 

Beer 

Fat 

Weakness 

Decaj' 

Sorrow 
How,    then,    shall    we    use    God's   gifts? 


MODERN  FRATERNITIES  CLOSED  TO  LIQUOR  DEALERS 


Ancient  Order  of  United  JVorkmen: 
"Any  member  of  the  order,  who  shall  enter 
into  the  business  or  occupation  of  selling, 
by  retail,  intoxicating  liquors  as  a  beverage, 
shall  stand  suspended  from  any  and  all 
rights  to  participate  in  the  beneficiary  fund 
of  the  order." 

Knights  of  Maccabees:  "No  person  shall 
be  eligible  to  membership  in  the  order  who 
is  engaged  either  as  principal,  agent  or 
servant  in  the  manufacture  or  sale  of  spirit- 
uous, malt  or  vinous  liquors  as  a  bev- 
erage." 

Tribe  of  Ben  Hur:  Section  49  of  laws 
excludes  from  membership  any  one  engaged 
as  principal,  agent  or  servant  in  the  sale 
of  spirituous  or  malt  liquors  as  a  beverage. 

American  Legion  of  Honor:  Persons  who 
handle  or  sell  malt  or  spirituous  liquors  are 
ineligible  to  membership. 

Fraternal  Mystic  Circle:  No  certificate 
•of  membership  can  be  issued  to  a  person 
engaged  in  saloon  keeping  or  bar  tending. 

Independent  Order  of  Foresters:  Do  not 
accept  as  member  any  person  who  is  per- 
sonally engaged  in  the  manufacture  or  sale 
of  intoxicating  liquors. 

Supreme  Council  of  the  Catholic  Benev- 
olent Legion:  Barkeepers  or  those  whose 
regular  occupation  is  in  the  retailing  of 
alcoholic  liquors  to  be  drunk  on  the  prem- 
ises are  not  eligible  to  membership. 

Sovereign  Camp  of  Woodmen  of  the 
World:  Will  not  admit  saloon-keepers  or 
liquor  dealers  to  membership,  and  if  a  per- 


son engages  in  the  liquor  business  after 
becoming  a  member,  he  is  expelled. 

Modern  Woodmen  of  America:  Eligibil- 
ity to  benefit  membership  requires  that  the 
applicant  must  be  a  believer  in  a  Supreme 
Being  .  .  .  and  not  engaged  in  the  man- 
ufacture or  sale  of  malt,  spirituous  or  vin- 
ous liquors  as  a  beverage,  either  in  the 
capacity  of  proprietor,  stockholder,  agent  or 
servant. 

Junior  Order  of  United  American  Me- 
chanics: No  person  engaged  in  wholesaling 
or  retailing  alcoholic  or  spirituous  beverages 
eligible  to  membership. 

Order  of  Scottish  Clans:  The  order  does 
not  prohibit  any  occupation  in  our  constitu- 
tion, but  the  constitution  declares  that  none 
but  men  of  good  moral  character  can  become 
members,  and  the  Royal  Physician,  who  is 
the  supreme  medical  examiner,  has  always 
rejected  liquor  dealers  as  poor  risks. 

Order  of  United  American  Mechanics: 
Liquor  dealers  not  eligible  to  membership.* 

Sovereign  Grand  Lodge  of  Odd-Fellozvs: 
Has  decided  that  as  far  as  eligibility  to 
Odd-Fellowship  is  concerned,  a  hotel  keeper 
who  provides  a  bar  for  his  customers  is  a 
saloon-keeper,  and  cannot  become  an  Odd- 
Fellow.  C.  C.  Pavey,  grand  master  of  the 
Ohio  Odd-Fellows,  summarily  suspended 
two  lodges  in  1904  for  failing  to  comply  with 
the  law  of  the  order  requiring  them  to 
expel  members  remaining  in  the  liquor  bus- 
iness. 

Free  Masons  also  generally  exclude  liquor 
sellers,  and  the  various  railway  orders  and 
many  other  labor  fraternities  go  further  and 
exclude  drinkers  also. 


'Statements  above  were  sent  by  officials  of  orders  named  to  the  New  Voice  and  pulilislied 
In  a  symposium  September  12,  1001.  In  May,  V.W.).  tbe  authors  of  this  book  sent  out  another 
circular  letter  of  enquiry,  and  found  that  besides  fraternities  named  above  the  following 
exclude  litjuor  dealers:  Knights  of  Pythias  (since  ISOl),  Knights  of  Columbus.  Catholic 
Mutual  Benefit  Association,  Loyal  Americans  of  the  Kepublic.  Knights  and  Ladies  of  Honor, 
Fraternal  Union  of  America,  Fraternal  Brotherhood,  National  T'nion.  Protected  Home  Circle, 
Heptosoph's  Improved  Order,  Royal  League,  Yeomen  of  America,  Woodmen  of  tlie  World. 
Brotherhood  of  American  Yeomen,  Order  of  the  Star  of  Bethlehem.  Some  of  the  fraternities 
that  have  not  yet  .ioined  this  forward  movement  are:  The  Owls,  Eagles.  Elks.  Mystic  Sliriners, 
B'nai  B'rith.  Druids,  Free  Sons  of  Israel,  Foresters  of  America,  and  the  Catholic  Knights  of 
America.  This  last  order,  however,  charges  li(iuor  sellers  double  rates  for  beneficial  mem- 
bership.     Maccabees  exclude  liquor  dealers. 

Strange  to  say.  Chambers  of  Commerce  not  only  admit  liquor  dealers  to  membership,  whose 
trade  is  against  every  trade,  but  in  many  instances  allow  the  liquor  dealers  to  dominate  the 
commercial  as  well  as  political  life  of  the  town. 


The  First  Total  Abstinence  Fraternity. 

Jeremiah  35 :    12-19. 


12  Then  came  the  word  of  Jehovah  unto 
Jeremiah,  saying,  13  Thus  saith  Jehovah  of 
hosts,  the  God  of  Israel:  Go,  and  say  to 
the  men  of  Judah  and  the  inhabitants  of 
Jerusalem,  Will  ye  not  receive  instruction 
to  hearken  to  my  words  ?  saith  Jehovah. 
14  The  words  of  Jonadab  the  son  of  Rec- 
hab,  that  he  commanded  his  sons,  not  to 
drink  wine,  are  performed;  and  unto  this 
day  they  drink  none,  for  they  obey  their 
father's  commandment.  But  I  have  spoken 
unto  you,  rising  up  early  and  speaking ; 
and  ye  have  not  hearkened  unto  me.  15  I 
have  sent  also  unto  you  all  my  servants  the 
prophets,  rising  up  early  and  sending  them, 
saying,  Return  ye  now  every  man  from  his 
evil  way,  and  amend  your  doings,  and  go 
not  after  other  gods  to  serve  them,  and  ye 
shall  dwell  in  the  land  which  I  have  given 
To  you  and  to  your  fathers:  but  ye  have 
not  inclined  your  ear,  nor  hearkened  unto 


me.  16  Forasmuch  as  the  sons  of  Jonadab 
the  son  of  Rechab  have  performed  the 
commandment  of  their  father  which  he 
commanded  them,  but  this  people  hath  not 
hearkened  unto  me;  17  therefore  thus  saith 
Jehovah,  the  God  of  hosts,  the  God  of  Is- 
rael:  Behold,  I  will  bring  upon  Judah  and 
upon  all  the  inhabitants  of  Jerusalem  all 
the  evil  that  I  have  pronounced  against 
them;  because  I  have  spoken  unto  them, 
but  they  have  not  heard ;  and  I  have  called 
unto  them,  but  they  have  not  answered. 
18  And  Jeremiah  said  unto  the  house  of 
the  Rechabites,  Thus  saith  Jehovah  of  hosts, 
the  God  of  Israel:  Because  ye  have  obeyed 
the  commandment  of  Jonadab  your  father, 
and  kept  all  his  precepts,  and  done  accord- 
ing unto  all  that  he  commanded  you ;  19 
therefore  thus  saith  Jehovah  of  hosts,  the 
God  of  Israel:  Jonadab  the  son  of  Rechab 
shall  not  want  a  man  to  stand  before  me 
for  ever. 


Golden  Text  :    Two  are  better  than  one     .     .     .    for  if  they  fall  the  one  zvill  lift 

up  his  fellow. — Eccl.  4:  9,   10. 


This  lesson,  from  the  temperance 
point  of  view,  really  belongs  to  the 
period  of  Elijah  and  Ahab,  although 
Jeremiah's  interesting  encounter  with 
the  Rechabites  occurred  much  later, 
about  606  B.  C,  in  the  fourth  year 
of_  King  Jehoiakim,  when  this  no- 
madic tribe  had  fled  to  Jerusalem  for 
protection  against  the  invading  Baby- 
lonian army,  that  subsequently  car- 
ried Judah  captive; — partly,  as  Isaiah 
tells  us  (ch.  28),  because  of  their  in- 
temperance. Jeremiah  found  these 
children  of  nature  encamped  in  one 
of  the  open  spaces  of  Jerusalem,  in 
charge  of  their  sheik,  Jaazaniah, 
meaning,  "he  whom  Jehovah  hears." 
Jeremiah  heard  of  their  centuries  of 
unanimous  fidelity  to  the  total  ab- 
stinence injunction  of  their  father, 
Jonadab,  and,  seeing  an  opportunity 
to  use  them  as  an  object  illustration. 


sudh  as  Oriental  teachers  delight  in, 
he  brought  them  to  a  chamber  of  the 
temple  and  offered  them  wine,  and 
when  they  stood  the  test  he  brought 
them  out  before  the  Jews  and  con- 
trasted their  long  and  invulnerable 
obedience  to  their  father  with  the 
Jews'  habitual  disobedience  of  their 
Heavenly  Father.  Jeremiah  was 
chiefly  concerned  to  teach  obedience 
to  God,  but  the  abstinence  of  the 
Rechabites  was  also  commended,  and 
it  is  surprising  that  it  was  not  until 
the  nineteenth  Christian  century  that 
the  manifest  value  of  fraternal  co- 
operation to  maintain  total  abstinence, 
so  clearly  shown  in  the  case  of  the 
Rechabites,  was  recognized  by  the 
establishiment  of  modern  total  absti- 
nence fraternities.  The  first  secret 
temperance  fraternity,  established  in 
1835,  was  naturally  and  properly 
named  "The  Rechabites."* 


1  .V^'^o'^'l'"  ,^.'.™*'  °''?^t,.°l  U^''  ^'^^'''^^  lipneficml  orders  encouraged  drinkin-  at  their  meetinss 
and  the  Rechabites  established  by  a  \^o;raii  at  a  temperance  liotel,  was  to  provide  the  fellowship 
and    benefits    of   a    lodge    without    temptations    to  drink    intoxicants.      Abstinence,    as    in    modern 


labor  unions,   was  stcondarj'  to  the  insurance  features. 


40 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


Antecedents  of  the  Rechabites. 

The    glimpse     of    tihe     Rechabites 
given  us  by  Jeremiah  makes  us  de- 
sirous   to   know   the   beginnings    and 
even    the    antecedents    of    this    first 
total  abstinence  fraternity.   The  Rech- 
abites were  a  family  of  the  tribe  of 
Kenites,  a  branch  of  the  Midianites. 
Jethro,     the     wise     father-in-law     of 
Moses,    by    whose    advice    some    ele- 
ments  of   popular   government   were 
introduced    into    the    Hebrew     state 
(Ex,   i8:  17-27),  was  a  Kenite,  and 
it  was  perhaps  through  his  influence 
that  a  part  of  the  tribe  became  Jews 
in  religion,  and  pitched  their  tents  in 
the  south  and  north  of  Palestine.    To 
this   portion   of  the   tribe,   that   wor- 
shiped Jehovah,  Rechab  belonged,  who 
gave  'his  name  to  the  Rechabites.     In 
the  days  of  Ahab  and  Jezebel,  when 
intemperance  and  lust  were  dignified 
as    religion   in  the   worship   of    Baal 
and   Astarte,   and   it  had  become  al- 
most impossible  to  bring  up  a  family 
in   the   fear   of   God   in    the    corrupt 
cities    of    Israel,    Jonadab,    a    son    or 
descendant    of    Rechab,    ordered    his 
sons  and  daughters  not  only  to  live 
in  tents   away   from  the    foul   cities, 
but  to  see  that  they  did  not  carry  with 
them  to  the  country  the  chief  cause 
of  the  debauchery  of  cities,  wine  and 
other  intoxicating  drinks.     To   avoid 
temptation  to  themselves   and   others 
they  were  not  even  to  plant  vineyards, 
and,  lest  they  should,  they  were  not 
to  plant   anything.     Thus  arose   this 
tribe  of  "Jewish  Puritans"  in  the  days 
of   Elijah,   and   perhaps    through   his 
influence.      They   may   have   taken   a 
hint    from    the    Nazarites,    but    they 
took  two  long  steps  beyond  them  in 
the  evolution  of  tIhe  temperance  move- 
ment, in  that  it  was  total  abstinence 
for  life  that  the  Rechabites  adopted, 
and    in    that    they    also    enlisted    the 
strong   support  of   fraternal   co-oper- 
ation. 


God's  Promise  to  the  Rechabites 
FuHiUed* 

Geike  says :  "The  assurance  that 
the  Rechabites  would  never  want  a 
man  'to  stand  before  God'  has  been 
strangely  fulfilled.  The  phrase  seem- 
ingly points  to  the  adoption  of  mem- 
bers of  the  tribe  into  the  priestly 
office,  to  'stand  before  God,'  like  the 
sons  of  Levi.  Their  strictness  as 
Nazarites  facilitated  this  advance- 
ment, for  even  so  late  as  James  the 
Just,  Rechabites,  by  a  singular  excep- 
tion, were  permitted  to  enter  the  most 
sacred  parts  of  the  Temple."  In  keep- 
ing with  this,  the  heading  of  the  71st 
Psalm,  in  the  Septuagint,  speaks  of 
the  sons  of  Jonadab  as  the  first  who 
were  carried  off  to  Babylon,  and  in- 
timates that  this  Psalm  had  been 
commonly  sung  by  them  in  the  Tem- 
ple service.  A  "son  of  Rechab"  is 
named  among  the  restorers  of  Je- 
rusalem, after  the  return,  and  in  the 
genealogies  of  the  Chronicles,  which 
were  drawn  up  at  a  very  late  period, 
a  community  of  Rechabites,  living  at 
Jabez,  are  spoken  of  as  scribes,  that 
is,  as  occupied  with  the  writing  and 
study  of  the  law — an  occupation  in 
earlier  times  almost  wholly  engrossed 
by  Levites.  Centuries  later,  Eusebius 
brings  their  names  before  us  in  a 
striking  connection.  While  the  mob 
was  stoning  James  the  Just,  he  tells 
us,  "One  of  the  priests  of  the  sons  of 
Rechab,  a  son  of  the  Rechabites 
spoken  of  by  Jeremiah  the  prophet, 
cried  out,  'Stop!  What  are  you 
doing?  He  is  praying  for  you!'  So 
that,  even  in  that  day,  a  priestly  or- 
der of  Rechabites  still  survived.  The 
Cambridge  Bible  tells  us  that  'Ben- 
jamin, of  Tudela,  a  Jewish  traveler 
of  the  twelfth  century,  mentions  a 
body  of  Jews  who  were  called  Recha- 
bites, and  whose  customs  corresponded 
with  those  detailed  in  Jeremiah. 
Geike  informs   us   that  "even   in   our 


The  First  Total  Abstinence   Fraternity. 


41 


own  day  Dr.  Wolff,  the  missionary 
traveler,  met  a  tribe  near  Senaa,  in 
Arabia,  who  claim  to  be  the  Recha- 
bites.  In  answer  to  a  question  as  to 
their' origin,  one  of  them  replied  by 
reading  from  an  Arabic  Bible  the 
words  of  Jeremiah,  describing  the 
Rechabites  of  his  day,  and  added  that 
they  numbered  60,000.  Still  more  re- 
cently Signor  Pierotti,  near  the  south- 
east end  of  the  Dead  Sea,  met  a  tribe 
who  called  themselves  Rechabites,  had 
a  Hebrew  Bible,  prayed  at  the  tomb 
of  a  Jewish  Rabbi,  and  spoke  of  them- 
selves exactly  as  the  Rechabites  in 
Arabia  had  spoken  to  Wolff  a  gen- 
eration before." 

The  Meaning  of  It  All 

In  the  words  of  Dr.  J.  L.  Hurlbut, 
"While  the  example  of  the  Rechabites 
does  not  of  itself  make  total  absti- 
nence a  law  for  all  men,  yet  the  com- 
mendation given  to  their  course  shows 
that  it  had  the  divine  approval.  And 
as  God  works  in  accordance  with  law, 
we  find  that  drunkenness,  perpetuated 
through  generations,  tends  to  the 
destruction  of  families,  while  absti- 
nence imparts  vigor  to  the  race,  God 
rewards  those  w'ho  rule  their  appe- 
tites, and  punishes  those  who  are 
enslaved  by  them." 

The  story  of  the  Rechabites  sug- 
gests a  world-wide  study  of  two 
great  forces  for  promoting  temper- 
ance, the  home  and  the  fraternity. 

For  Home  Protection  ♦ 

The  mightiest  agency  for  reform, 
as  for  religion,  is  the  home.  The 
strongest  appeal  for  the  pledge  and 
prohibition  alike  is  the  great  watch- 
word of  the  Woman's  Christian  Tem- 
perance Union,  "Home  Protection." 
The  political  issue  in  the  United 
States  is  the  tariff,  and  so  "protec- 
tion," in  that  sense,  is  the  chief  word 
in  its  politics,  and  it  is  getting  into 
British  politics  also.     But   surely,  as 


someone  has  said,  "The  protection  of 
boys  is  as  important  as  the  protec- 
tion of  pig  iron,"  and  so  "Home  Pro- 
tection" should  surely  be  the  watch- 
word of  the  voting  mothers  and  sis- 
ters in  Australia — aye,  of  fathers  and 
brothers  also,  there  and  everywhere. 
There  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  chief 
foe  of  British  homes  is  what  they  call 
the  "public  house,"  which  surely  does 
not  get  its  name  from  the  great 
watchword  that  underlies  all  govern- 
ment, "pro  bono  publico."  J 


FAMILY    PLKDGE. 

God.  helping  us,  we  pledge 
ourselves  together  as  a  house- 
hold to  abstain  from  all  intoxi- 
cating drinks: 


A  story  that  is  doubly  apropos  to 
the  story  of  the  Rechabites  because  it 
pictures  the  handicap  that  the  bad 
reputation  of  drunken  fathers  puts  on 
their  sons,  and  also  a  refusal  to  drink 
under  a  test  even  more  severe  than 
Jeremiah  put  on  the  Rechabites  is  the 
following : 

A  young  mechanic  who  worked  well, 
talked  well,  read  books  on  great  civic  prob- 
lems and  attended  public  meetings  thought- 
fully, being  urged  to  engage  in  the  discus- 
sions, said,  "How  can  I  ever  be  anything, 
when  my  father  is  a  drinking  man?"  He 
solemnly  signed  the  pledge  of  total  abstin- 
ence and  began  to  make  short  speeches. 
The  young  men  said,  "Let  us  send  him  to 
the  Legislature."    At  every  step  he  did  his 


42 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


best.  Finally  Massachusetts  sent  him  with 
a  petition  to  Congress.  John  Quincy  Adams 
invited  him  to  dinner.  While  at  dinner  Mr. 
Adams  filled  his  glass,  and  turning  to  the 
young  mechanic,  said,  "Will  you  drink  a 
glass  of  wine  with  me?"  He  hated  to  re- 
fuse. There  was  an  ex-President  of  the 
United  States.  There  was  a  great  company 
of  men.  All  eyes  were  upon  him.  And  so 
he  hesitated  and  grew  red  in  the  face,  but 
finally  stammered  out,  "Excuse  me,  sir,  1 
never  drink  wine."  The  next  day  this 
anecdote  was  published  in  a  Washington 
paper.  It  was  copied  all  over  Massachusetts, 
and  the  people  said,  "Here  is  a  man  that 
stands  by  his  principles.  He  can  be  trusted; 
let  us  promote  him."  And  so  he  went  up 
higher.  He  was  made  a  Congressman,  then 
a  Senator,  and  finally  Vice-President  of  the 
United  States.  That  boy  was  Henry 
Wilson. 

And  here  is  another  story,  not  new 
but  effective  for  drinking  fathers  who 
urge,  but  do  not  practice  ■  abstinence. 
A  farmer  having  employed  a  young 
man  to  work  on  his  farm,  without 
making  inquiry  as  to  his  habits,  find- 
ing he  was  somewhat  addicted  to 
drink,  offered  him  a  choice  sheep  if 
he  would  refrain  from  the  habit  dur- 
ing the  season.  A  grown  son,  on 
hearing  the  offer,  asked,  "Pa,  will  you 
give  me  a  sheep,  too,  if  I  will  not 
drink  this  season?" 

"Yes,"  replied  the  father,  "you 
•may  have  a  sheep." 

Then  a  little  son  spoke  up  and  said, 
*'Pa,  will  you  give  me  a  sheep,  too, 
if  I'll  not  drink?" 

"Yes,  son,  you  shall  have  a  sheep, 
also." 

After  a  moment's  pause  the  little 
boy  turned  to  his  father  and  said, 
"Pa,  hadn't  you  better  take  a  sheep, 
too?" 

Drinking  Women* 

It  is  amazing  that  any  woman  who 
has  seen  the  effects  of  intoxicants 
could  ever  risk,  for  her  own  pleasure 


or  through  delusive  advertisements, 
the  welfare  of  her  children,  that  are 
likely  to  feel  the  blight  of  a  drinking 
mother  through  heredity  and  example 
alike.  There  is  nothing  an  American 
visitor  sees  in  London  that  is  more 
shocking  to  his  high  conception  of 
British  social  life  than  the  women  on 
a  Sunday  evening  on  both  sides  of 
the  bars  of  London,  serving  and 
receiving  the  drink  that  from  the  days 
of  Lot  has  been  the  foe  of  modesty 
and  purity  and  every  womanly  qual- 
ity. A  Methodist  preacher  told  the 
writer  that  at  the  Pan-Methodist 
Conference  in  London,  early  in  the 
twentieth  century,  the  hour  for  a 
Sunday  evening  world  rally  of 
Epworth  Leagues  had  to  be  changed 
to  accommodate  the  "Methodist  bar- 
maids" who  could  not  attend  at  that 
hour.  And  in  the  United  States, 
while  no  bar-maids  are  tolerated, 
there  was  abundant  proof  at  the  same 
time  that  the  drinking  of  women,  both 
at  private  dinners  and  in  public  res- 
taurants, was  increasing,  due  partly 
to  foreign  travel  and  the  propensity 
to  imitate  the  worst  instead  of  the 
best  of  foreign  customs.  A  minister's 
daughter,  who  had  been  "finished"  in 
France  and  had  come  home  with  the 
wine  habit,  attempting  at  the  close  of 
a  social  party  to  call  her  carriage,  said 
in  a  husky  voice,  "Zee  here,  Mr. 
Hack,"  which  speedily  made  her  the 
laughing  stock  of  the  city.  Far 
worse  results  are  constantly  following 
champagne  suppers,  in  which  not 
only  disgraceful  words  but  deeds  that 
lead  to  the  divorce  court  are  con- 
stantly occurring. 

The     Value     of     Temperance 
Organization* 

This  lesson,  most  of  all,  illustrates 
the  value  of  fraternal  societies,  first, 
to  maintain  fidelity  to  the  pledge 
among  each  other,  and,  second,  to 
extend  the  movement.    There  are  two 


TJic  First   Total  Abstinence   Fraternity. 


43 


Bible  passages  that  proclaim  these 
two  advantages :  "Two  are  better 
than  one.  ,  .  .  For  if  they  fall, 
the  one  will  lift  up  his  fellow ;  but 
woe  to  him  that  is  alone  when  he  fall- 
eth,  and  hath  not  another  to  lift  him 
up"  (Eccl.  4:  9,  10).  The  other  pas- 
sage is,  "Shall  not  one  chase  a  thou- 
sand, and  two  put  ten  thousand  to 
flight?"  which  represents  union  of 
effort  as,  not  addition,  but  multipli- 
cation. Two  shall  chase,  not  two,  but 
ten  thousand. 

When  the  main  work  of  temperance 
societies  was  to  reform  drunkards, 
such  organizations  as  the  Rechabites, 
the  Good  Templars  and  the  Sons  of 
Temperance  developed  to  afford  social 
centres  to  take  the  place  of  the  bar- 
rooms. A  remorseful  drunkard, 
seeking  to  make  a  man  of  himself, 
found  friends  all  about  him  in  a 
cheerful  lodge,  where  there  was  no 
less  fun  and  fellowship  than  in  the 
bar-rooms,  but  with  no  dregs  of 
shame.  What  is  called  the  "Emanuel 
Method,"  from  an  Episcopal  Church 
in  Boston  that  maintains  a  staff  of 
doctors  and  pastors  to  cure  large 
classes  of  sickness  that  are  due  to  dis- 
ordered nerves  and  mental  depression 
by  psychological  encouragement  and 
general  good  cheer  and  friendliness, 
affords  an  illustration  of  the  service 
that  a  temperance  lodge  can  afford, 
especially  if  it  acts  in  the  name  and 
spirit  of  Christ.  Thus,  if  it  is  a  case 
of  alcoholism,  the  minister's  explana- 
tion that  there  is  in  us  all  a  trans- 
liminal  reservoir  kindles  new  hope  in 
the  discouraged  man's  mind.  "He  is 
at  once  willing  to  test  the  question 
whether  there  are  powers  within  him- 
self as  well  as  above  him,  upon 
which  he  can  call;  whether  he  has 
been  fighting  his  degrading  enemy 
with  only  a  fraction  of  his  nature; 
whether  it  may  be  possible  for  his 
"divided  self,"  as  Professor  James 
calls  it,  to  be  unified  so  that,  instead 


of  the  law  in  his  members  warring 
against  the  law  of  his  mind,  his 
whole  nature  as  a  unity  may  accept 
the  fact  that  alcohol  is  his  enemy  and 
so  loathe  and  repel  it.  To  test  these 
questions  the  dipsomaniac  is  willing 
to  visit  the  minister  twice  a  week  for 
a  month  or  two. 

In  these  visits  the  minister  has  an 
opportunity  to  advise  with  him  re- 
garding his  associates,  occupations 
and  habits.  He  is  invited  into  the 
most  secret  chambers  of  the  man's 
being.  He  is  afforded  all  the  advan- 
tages that  the  wisest  and  best  Catho- 
lic priest  finds  in  the  confessional. 
In  a  word,  the  way  is  open  for  him 
to  help  remake  a  life."  (From  Liter- 
ary Digest,  Sept.  19,  1908.) 

Fraternal  temperance  organizations 
are  still  numerous  and  flourishing  in 
countries  that  are  in  an  early  stage 
of  temperance  evolution,  where  re- 
forming drunkards  is  the  main  work. 
But  in  the  United  States,  when  it  was 
found  that  two-thirds  of  all  the  drunk- 
ards that  took  the  pledge  relapsed, 
the  chief  efforts  were  long  since 
turned  to  prevention  in  two  lines : 
First,  to  the  teaching  and  pledging 
of  children  in  Sunday-schools  and 
public  schools ;  and,  second,  to  pro- 
hibitory laws  that  would  remove  the 
pitfalls  that  partly  nullified  the  efforts 
of  fraternities.  Even  the  reforma- 
tory work  took  the  new  turn  of  "gos- 
pel temperance,"  on  the  correct 
ground  that  appetite  could  only  be 
conquered  by  conversion.  But  it 
seems  to  the  authors  of  this  book 
and  many  more  that  we  have  swung 
too  far  from  the  fraternal  pledge- 
signing  branch  of  temperance  reform, 
and  should  now  seek  the  golden  mien 
in  the  threefold  cord,  pledge,  prayer, 

PROHIBITION. 

Now  that  prohibition  in  the  United 
States  and  Canada  and  in  New  Zea- 
land and  Australia  and  some  other 
lands  is  rapNIy  breaking  up  the  social 


44 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


centres  furnished  by  the  drink  traf- 
fic, there  seems  to  be  a  special  need 
of  such  social  centres  as  the  temper- 
ance lodges  have  furnished.  Millions 
in  the  United  States  who  in  1906 
were  spending  much  of  their  leisure 
in  saloons,  were  in  the  next  few 
months  suddenly  cut  off  from  these 
resorts  by  a  "reform  wave"  that  car- 
ried the  population  under  prohibition 
up  to  40,000,000  in  1908,  of  a  total 
90,000,000.    We  must  use  both  sword 

tABS  ASEA  OF  THE  imiTED  STATES  DIVIDED  ACCORDING 
TO  "WET"  AMD  "DRY"  TERRITORY 


From   Anti-Saloon   League   Year  Boole,   1908. 


and  trowel.  We  must  build  up  new 
social  centres,  or  many  driven  from 
bar-rooms  will  throng  equally  harm- 
ful shows  and  resorts.  The  new  social 
centres  should  include,  most  of  all, 
the  Young  Men's  and  Young  Wom- 
en's Christian  Associations ;  also  cen- 
sored nickelodeons,  where  the  nickels 
previously  spent  for  drink  may,  some 
of  them,  1)6  used  for  cheap  and  in- 
nocent entertainments,  from  which 
the  pictures  that  teach  that  crime  is 
heroic  and  vice  is  happiness  shall 
have  been  eliminated,  which  in  the 
United  States  can  be  done  by  the 
Mayor,  and  will  be  done  by  him  if 
the  fathers  and  mothers  will  get  away 
long  enough  from  the  two  sides  of  the 
"bargain    counter"    to    perform    their 


duties  in  home  protection.  Every 
no-license  town  should  study  this 
matter  of  saloon  substitutes.  Bowling 
alleys,  free  from  drink  and  profan- 
ity and  vulgarity,  with  a  table  of 
attractive  reading  at  hand,  might  be 


By  permission  Patriotic  Post  Card  Co.,  Saginaw. 
Mich. 

a  strong  constructive  agency,  espe- 
cially in  towns  too  small  for  maintain- 
ing Y.  M.  C.  A.  and  Y.  W.  C.  A. 
gymnasiums  and  amusement  rooms. 
But  beyond  all  these  we  are  per- 
suaded the  bad  but  strong  personal 
fellowship  broken  up  by  prohibition 
of  saloons  need  to  be  replaced  by  the 
clean  and  gladsome  fellowship  of  the 
lodge,  which  is  "the  poor  man's  club," 
indeed,  and  should  be  the  rich  man's 
club,  so  far  as  the  rich  are  rich  in 
willingness  to  be  "social  to  serve.*' 

Drinking  Fraternities, 

There  is  additional  reason  for  re- 
viving temperance  lodges  in  that  so 
many  of  the  secret  fraternities  in  col- 
leges and  outside  are  mere  shields  for 


The  First   Total  Abstinence   Fraternity. 


45 


drinking'  and  g-aml)ling,  and  foul  talk 
and  Sabbath-breaking.  It  is  signifi- 
cant and  encouraging  that  Free 
Masons  and  Odd  Fellows,  Knights 
of  Columbus,  and  most  other  secret 
societies,  except  those  that  bear  the 
names  of  beasts  and  birds  of  prey, 
and  seek  to  realize  the  animalism  of 
their  symbols,  exclude  liquor  dealers 
from  the  privilege  of  membership. 
But  at  the  same  time  most  of  the 
members  buy  severally  and  collect- 
ively of  these  very  men  they  outlaw. 
Near  the  opening-  of  the  twentieth 
century  President  Schurman,  of  Cor- 
nell University,  was  reported  as  say- 
ing, "We  must  rid  Cornell  of  its 
drunkards."  In  1908  the  trustees  of 
Stanford  University  prohibited  "the 
use  of  liquor  in  fraternal  chapter 
houses,  student  clubhouses,  and  other 
student  lodgings."  The  penalty  of 
violation  in  the  case  of  students 
was  to  be  expulsion,  and  in  case 
of  fraternities  and  clubs  a  for- 
feiture of  their  leases.  The  writer 
said,  as  University  Preacher  at  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania :  "The 
educated  man  has  no  excuse  for  tip- 
pling and  kindred  vices,  which  are 
not  so  strange  when  found  among 
men  who  have  not  learned  the  high 
pleasures  of  art  and  literature  and 
scholarly  fellowship,  and  have  little 
capacity  for  anything  but  physical 
enjoyment,  and  even  in  that  know 
only  the  baser  forms.  Those  zvho 
have  cultivated  brains  should  refuse 
to  be  'dominated  by  the  mucous  mem- 
brane. 

Drinking  in  college  fraternities 
naturally  calls  up  the  strange  fact 
that  while  the  churches  of  the  United 
States  and  the  people  generally  are 
confessedly  in  advance  of  those  of 
any  other  great  nationality  in  tem- 
perance progress,  our  college  facul- 
ties are  far  behind  those  of  Europe 
in  scientific  investigations  of  alcohol. 
Tn  a  French  poster,  containing  "The 


V^erdict  of  Scholars,"  the  only  Amer- 
ican quoted  was  Atwater,  and  he  only 
to  show  he  had  proved  nothing  of 
importance.  Professor  Forel,  return- 
ing from  an  American  tour,  said 
he  found  "crass  ignorance"  among 
American  professors  in  regard  to  re- 
cent scientific  discoveries  as  to  alco- 
hol. Surely,  j^vhen  all  public  and  gov- 
ernment schools  in  the  United  States 
are  required  by  law  to  teach  the 
effects  of  alcohol  and  narcotics,  the 
colleges  that  train  the  teachers  are 
in  duty  bound  to  prepare  them  to  do 
so.  Why  should  even  a  Christian 
college  give  more  attention  to  miner- 
alogy and  entomology  than  to  natural 
science  in  its  closest  relation  to  char- 
acter? 


By  permission  Patriotic  Post  Card  Co.,  Saginaw. 
Mich. 

There  will  be  little  trouble  about 
drink  in  college  fraternities  when  stu- 
dents are  taught  how  alcohol  affects 
aim  and  endurance,  the  chance  of 
employment,  and  the  risks  of  insur- 


46 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


ance.  Some  day  college  fraternities 
will  rise  to  the  level  of  the  Brother- 
hood of  Locomotive  Engineers,  and 
of  Railway  Conductors  and  other 
labor  lodges,  that  require  total  absti- 
nence of  all  members,  and  aid  each 
other  to  maintain  it. 

Here  again  the  sociologist  finds  one 
of  the  reasons  that  temperance  lodges 
have  declined  in  the  United  States, 
namely,  that  the  increasing  labor 
lodges,  that  appeal  to  the  same  class, 
have  many  of  them  become  total  ab- 
stinence lodges,  with  the  same  social 
features  that  temperance  lodges  af- 
forded, and  an  element  of  insurance 
such  as  is  found,  indeed,  in  the 
Rechabites,  but  in  few  temperance 
fraternities.  The  workingmen  get  in 
labor  lodges  the  total  abstinence,  the 
fellowship,  the  "benefits,"  plus  a  pro- 
tection of  their  "job;"  and  that  set- 
tles with  many  the  choice  of  the 
labor  union.     They  are  to  be  counted 


as  an  important  addition  to  our  tem- 
perance auxiliaries. 

But  they  should  study  not  only  the 
relation  of  alcohol  to  the  individual's 
job  and  his  value  in  the  lodge,  but 
also  its  relation  to  the  general  pros- 
perity. Workingmen  would  reach 
this  goal  of  class  betterment  the 
sooner  if  they  would  study  the  cause 
and  cure  of  poverty,  either  in  their 
own  lodges  or  in  such  lodges  as  the 
Rechabites  and  the  Good  Templars, 
who  have  had  no  small  part  in  devel- 
oping the  abstinence  feature  in  labor 
lodges. 

There  is  another  moral  here  that 
the  thoughtful  man  cannot  miss : 
"Ought  not  all  the  churches  to  re- 
quire as  high  a  temperance  standard 
for  Christian  service  as  the  labor 
unions  exact  for  common  labor?  And 
let  statesmen  consider  whether  we 
should  not  require  as  clear  a  brain 
to  run  a  government  as  to  run  a 
freisfht  train. 


See  Class  Pledge  at  end  of  book. 


"Noblesse    Oblige." 

Hon.  John  G.  Wooley,  on  Deut.  21:  1-9: 
"  'If  one  be  found  slain  in  the  land  which 
the  Lord  thy  God  giveth  thee  .  .  .  lying 
in  the  field,  and  it  be  not  known  who  hath 
slain  him,  then  thy  elders  and  thy  judges 
shall  come  forth  and  they  shall  measure 
unto  the  cities  that  are  round  about  him 
that  is  slain,  and  it  shall  be  that  the  city 
which  is  next  unto  the  slain  man,  even 
the  judges  and  elders  of  that  city  shall 
wash  their  hands  and  say:  "Our  hands  have 
not  shed  this  blood,  neither  have  our  eyes 
seen  it.  Be  merciful,  O  God,  unto  thy 
people  whom  thou  hast  redeemed,  and  lay 
not  innocent  blood  unto  thy  people  of 
Israel's  charge,"  and  the  blood  shall  be 
forgiven  them.  So  shalt  thou  put  away 
the  guilt  of  innocent  blood  from  among 
you  when  thou  shall  do  that  which  is  right 
in  the  sight  of  the  Lord.' 

"I  want  to  emphasize  these  three  very 
simple  but  very  splendid  political  lessons 
of  the  Bible:  First,  the  responsibility  of 
Christian  government,  municipal.  State  or 
national,  for  the  protection  of  the  weak 
and  tempted  and  helpless  and  overmatched 


and  overborne  of  the  citizens  by  police 
regulation,  sanitation,  education.  Second, 
the  responsibility  of  the  cultured  and 
powerful,  and  especially  of  those  who  call 
themselves  Christians,  for  the  protection 
of  the  moral  tone  and  the  upbuilding  of  the 
moral  character  of  the  government  itself; 
and  third,  the  final  jurisdiction  of  the 
divine  authority  over  human  judgments  to 
confirm,  or  reverse,  or  modify  them." 


Why  Dispensary  Doctors  Should 
Abstain. 

The  disbursers  of  the  public  sick  fund 
in  Germany  are  recognizing  the  part  that 
alcohol  plays  in  the  demands  made  upon 
the  treasury.  Dr.  August  Wessel,  chief  of 
the  treasury,  at  a  recent  meeting  at  Ham- 
burg of  the  physicians  in  charge  of  the 
fund,  declared  that  the  physicians  who  at- 
tend the  beneficiaries  of  the  funds  should 
be  abstainers  from  alcoholic  drinks  that  they 
may  the  better  diagnose  disease,  and  also 
use  their  influence  in  dissuading  their  pa- 
tients from  the  use  of  these  drinks  which 
cause  and  increase  disease. 


How  the  Pitcher  Led  to  Victory  and  the  Bottle 

to  Defeats 


Judges  7:  4-7,   16-21;    I   Kings  20:    13-21. 


4  And  Jehovah  said  unto  Gideon,  The 
people  are  yet  too  many;  bring  them  down 
unto  the  water,  and  1  will  try  them  for 
thee  there:  and  it  shall  be,  that  of  whom 
I  say  unto  thee,  This  shall  go  with  thee, 
the  same  shall  go  with  thee  and  of  whom- 
soever I  say  unto  ihec.  This  shall  not  go 
with  thee,  the  same  shall  not  go.  5  So  he 
brought  down  the  people  unto  the  water: 
and  Jehovah  said  unto  Gideon,  Every  one 
that  lappeth  of  the  water  with  his  tongue, 
as  a  dog  lappeth,  him  shalt  thou  set  by 
himself;  likewise  every  one  that  boweth 
down  upon  his  knees  to  drink.  6  And  the 
number  of  them  that  lapped,  putting  their 
hand  to  their  mouth,  was  three  hundred 
men:  but  all  the  rest  of  the  people  bowed 
down  upon  their  knees  to  drink  water.  7 
And  Jehovah  said  unto  Gideon,  By  the 
three  hundred  men  that  lapped  will  I  save 
you,  and  deliver  the  Midianites  into  thy 
hand ;  and  let  all  the  people  go  every  man 
unto  his  place.     .     .     . 

16  And  he  divided  the  three  hundred 
men  into  three  companies,  and  he  put  into 
the  hands  of  all  of  them  trumpets,  and 
empty  pitchers,  with  torches  within  the 
pitchers.  17  And  he  said  unto  them.  Look 
on  me,  and  do  likewise :  and,  behold,  when 
I  come  to  the  outermost  part  of  the  camp, 
it  shall  be  that,  as  I  do,  so  shall  ye  do.  18 
When  I  blow  the  trumpet,  I  and  all  that 
are  with  me,  then  blow  ye  the  trumpets  al- 
so on  every  side  of  all  the  camp,  and  say. 
For  Jehovah  and  for  Gideon.  19  So  Gid- 
eon, and  the  hundred  men  that  were  with 
him,  came  unto  the  outermost  part  of  the 
camp  in  the  beginning  of  the  middle  watch, 
when  they  had  but  newly  set  the  watch : 
and  they  blew  the  trumpets,  and  brake  in 
pieces  the  pitchers  that  were  in  their  hands. 
20  And  the  three  companies  blew  the  trum- 
pets, and  brake  the  pitchers,  and  held  the 
torches  in  their  left  hands,  and  the  trum- 


pets in  their  right  hands  wherewith  to  blow; 
and  they  cried,  The  sword  of  Jehovah  and 
of  Gideon.  21  And  they  stood  every  man 
in  his  place  round  about  the  camp;  and  ail 
the  host  ran;  and  they  started,  and  put 
them    to   flight. 


13  And,  behold,  a  prophet  came  near 
unto  Ahab,  king  of  Israel,  and  said.  Thus 
saith  Jehovah,  Hast  thou  seen  all  this  great 
multitude?  behold,  I  will  deliver  it  into 
thy  hand  this  day;  and  thou  shalt  know 
that  I  am  Jehovah.  14  And  Ahab  said.  By 
whom?  And  he  said,  Thus  saith  Jehovah, 
By  the  young  men  of  the  princes  of  the 
provinces.  Then  he  said.  Who  shall  begin 
the  battle?  And  he  answered,  Thou.  15 
Then  he  mustered  the  young  men  of  the 
princes  of  the  provinces,  and  they  were 
two  hundred  and  thirty-two :  and  after 
them  he  mustered  all  the  people,  even  all 
the  children  of  Israel,  being  seven  thousand. 
16  And  they  went  out  at  noon.  But  Ben- 
hadad  was  drinking  himself  drunk  in  the 
pavilions,  he  and  the  kings,  the  thirty  and 
two  kings  that  helped  him.  17  And  the 
young  men  of  the  princes  of  the  provinces 
went  out  first;  and  Ben-hadad  sent  out,  and 
they  told  him,  saying.  There  are  men  come 
out  from  Samaria.  18  And  he  said. 
Whether  they  are  come  out  for  peace,  take 
them  alive ;  or  whether  they  are  come  out 
for  war,  take  them  alive.  ig  So  these 
went  out  of  the  city,  the  young  men  of  the 
princes  of  the  provinces,  and  the  army 
which  followed  them.  20  And  they  slew 
every  one  his  man;  and  the  Syrians  fled, 
and  Israel  pursued  them :  and  Ben-hadad 
the  king  of  Syria  escaped  on  a  horse  with 
horsemen.  21  And  the  king  of  Israel  went 
out,  and  smote  the  horses  and  chariots, 
and  slew  the  Syrians  with  a  great  slaugh- 
ter. 


Golden  Text:  It  is  not  for  kings,  O  Lemuel,  if  is  not  for  kings  to  drink  zvine  nor 
for  princes  to  say.  Where  is  strong  drink f  lest  they  drink  and  forget  the  law  and  per- 
vert the  judgment  of  any  that  is  aMicted. — Prov.  31:   4.  5. 


Under  the  usual  method  of  select- 
ing Bible  temperance  lessons,  Gideon's 
water  test  would  no  more  be  included 
than  Esau's  soup  test,  but  both  inci- 


dents reveal  the  psychological  quali- 
ties in  human  nature  that  lead  men 
to  drink  intoxicants. 

Gideon,    the    farmer's    son,    called 


48 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


from  his  threshing  floor  to  thrash  the 
Midianite  oppressors  of  his  people, 
gathered     for     that     purpose     thirty 

'  thousand  soldiers.  When  they  neared 
the  enemy  a  majority  of  them  began 
to    shiver    with    fear,    and    God    told 

:  Gideon  to  give  these  cowards  leave 
to  go  home,  lest  the  contagion  spread 
to  the  brave.  Twenty  thousand  con- 
fessed themselves  cowardly  quitters 
and  "skedaddeled."  No  better  word 
should  be  used  for  such  poltroons. 
The  ten  thousand  that  remained  were 
tested  again  by  a  halt  to  drink  at 
a  great  pool,  when  they  were  dusty 
and  thirsty  with  a  long,  hot  march. 
Nine  thousand  seven  hundred  of  these 
showed  no  lack  of  courage,  for  they 
were  even  reckless  in  throwing  them- 
selves flat  on  their  faces  to  drink  their 
fill  when  the  much  greater  army  of 
their  foe  was  close  at  hand  on  the 
hills  above  them,  and  might  rush  upon 
them  while  they  were  lying  prostrate 
in  disorder.  They  did  show,  however, 
the  lack  of  another  quality  equally 
essential  to  victory  in  the  battle  of 
life,  namely,  self-control,  which  was 
consciously  revealed  in  the  remaining 
three  hundred,  who,  with  face  to  the 
foe  and  spear  in  hand,  bent  on  one 
knee  and  threw  a  little  water  to  their 
lips  with  the  left  hand,  as  a  dog 
throws  it  into  his  throat  with  his 
tongue.  Each  of  the  three  hundred 
men  who  showed  this  self-mastery 
fulfilled  the  promise  that  "one  shall 
chase  a  thousand."  Three  hundred 
trumpets — one  being  usually  assigned 
for  each  thousand  men — represented 
three  hundred  regiments.  That  was 
twice  as  many  as  the  one  hundred  and 
fifty  regiments  of  their  foe,  who 
awolje  in  terror,  hearing  so  many 
trumpeters  all  about  them  in  the  mid- 
night, each  supposed  to  be  the  trum- 
peter of  a  thousand  men.  The  crash 
of  three  hundred  pitchers,  that  re- 
vealed three  hundred  hidden  torches, 


suggested  that  everything  had  gone  to 
smash,  and  completed  the  panic.  The 
Midianites  "ran  and  cried  and  fled." 

The  pitcher  is  the  fit  symbol  of  the 
"Gideons,"  a  temperance  fraternity 
among  American  commercial  travel- 
ers, who  are  not  more  than  one  per 
cent,  of  the  whole  body,  as  of  old,  iDUt 
illustrate  again,  under  strong  tempta- 
tions, the  conquering  virtue  of  self- 
control.  "He  that  ruleth  his  spirit  is 
greater  than  he  that  taketh  a  city." 
Here  is  a  story  of  a  modern  Gideon, 
a  patriot  willing  to  practice  self  de- 
nial for  the  public  good  in  the  battles 
of  peace.  A  young  Norwegian  stu- 
dent, an  immigrant  in  the  United 
States,  spent  a  summer  in  Minnesota 
working  for  prohibition.  During  the 
campaign  he  earned  $140  with  which 
to  pay  his  way  through  the  winter 
terms  of  school.  Of  that  meagre 
pittance,  the  result  of  his  vacation's 
labor,  he  contributed  to  the  prohibition 
cause — not  five,  not  ten,  not  twenty- 
five,  but  one  hundred  dollars.  Then 
he  went  to  splitting  wood  and  wash- 
ing dishes  to  pay  his  way  through 
Augsburg   Seminary. 

Drunken  Chiefs  Defeated* 

The  second  section  of  our  lesson  is 
the  tragedy  of  Ben-hadad,  King  of 
Syria,  and  the  thirty-two  chiefs,  his 
allies,  who  were  drinking  themselves 
drunk  in  their  pavilions,  and  were 
consequently  defeated  by  two  hundred 
and  thirty-two  sober  young  princes  of 
Israel  and  their  followers,*  remind- 
ing us  how  easily  those  who  are  not 
masters  of  themselves  are  overmas- 
tered by  others.  Whether  in  military 
conflicts  or  in  the  equally  intense  bat- 
tles of  business,  it  is  the  sober,  self- 
controlled  men  who  win  at  last,  if  not 
at  first ;  and  it  is  the  tipsy  banqueters 
who  sooner  or  later  lose.  A  New 
Orleans  paper  tells  of  a  printer  who, 
when  his  fellow-workmen  went  out  to 


'See  story  iu  full  on  page  52,  also  "Defeats  by  Drink"  in  Topical  ludex. 


Hozv  the  Pitcher  Led  to  Victory  and  the  Bottle  to  Defeat. 


Ar9 


drink  beer  during  working  hours,  put 
in  the  bank  the  exact  amount  which 
he  would  have  spent  if  he  had  gone 
out  to  drink  with  them.  He  kept 
to  his  resolution  for  five  years.  He 
then  examined  his  bank  account,  and 
found  that  he  had  on  deposit  $521.85. 
In  the  five  years  he  had  not  lost  a  day 
from  ill  health.  Four  or  five  of  his 
fellow-workmen  had  in  the  meantime 
become  drunkards,  or  had  become 
worthless  as  workmen,  and  had  been 
discharged.  The  water-drinker  bought 
a  printing  office,  went  on  enlarging  his 
business,  and  in  twenty  years  from  the 


death  is  that  of  Amnion,  slain  at  the 
sheepshearing  when  his  heart  was 
merry  with  wine  (2  Sam.  13:  28). 
Modern  tragedies  of  defeat  and  death 
through  drink  are  seen  in  every  city 
where  the  "bar"  is  thrust  across  the 
path  of  young  men. 

Abstin2nce  for  Soldiers* 

Employers  of  labor  on  railroads  and 
in  other  branches  of  industry,  having 
for  years  required  total  abstinence  or 
given  preference  to  abstainers,  and 
athletic  trainers  having  long  required 
abstinence  in  those  training  for  prize 
fights   and   other  physical  tests,   gov- 


THE  FIRST  DROP.  THE    LAST    DROP. 

"Come  in  and  take  a  drop."  The  first  drop  led  to  other  drops.  He  dropped  his 
position,  he  dropped  his  respectability,  he  dropped  his  fortune,  he  dropped  his  friends,  he 
dropped  finally  all  his  prospects  in  this  life,  and  his  hopes  for  eternity;  and  then  came 
the  last  drop  on  the  gallows.     Beware  of  the  first  drop. — The  Watchman. 


time  he  began  to  put  by  his  money 
was  worth  $100,000. 

The  chief  lesson  of  the  twc  battles 
of  our  lesson  is  that  in  the  battle  of 

life,  WHILE  SELF-CONTROL  PREPARES 
US  FOR  LARGER  VICTORIES,  INTOXI- 
CANTS INVITE  DEFEAT  AND  DEATH  EY 
WEAKENING     THE     BODY     AND     MIND. 

Another    Bible    story    of    drink    and 


ernments  are  at  last  recognizing  that 
abstinence  should  also  be  promoted 
among  government  employees,  mili- 
tary, as  well  as  civil,  and  that  the 
regimen  of  the  regiment  training  for 
zvholesale  lighting,  should  be  that  of 
an  athlete.  Dr.  Haggard  says,  'Tn  the 
German  army  the  Kaiser  finds  the 
beer-drinking  soldier  fifteen  to  twenty 


50 


World  Book  of  Tcuipcrmice. 


per  cent,  less  effective  than  the  ab- 
stainer." Experiments  in  the  twen- 
tieth century  in  the  Swiss  army 
showed  that  even  a  Httle  wine  lowered 
the  marksman's  record  on  a  target. 
Gen.  P.  H.  Ray,  of  the  United  States 
Army,  says,  "From  my  own  obser- 
vation I  know  that  drinking  heer  de- 
tracts from  the  accuracy  of  a  soldier's 
shooting."  He  also  says,  "Several 
times  within  the  last  ten  years  I  have 
noticed,  when  extra  and  continued 
exertion  has  been  required  in  march- 
ing, that  in  every  instance  the  first 
men  to  drop  out  of  the  ranks  and  fall 
by  the  wayside  have  been  the  beer- 
drinkers."  British  army  officers  en- 
courage their  soldiers  to  join  the  Brit- 
lish  Army  Total  Abstinence  Associ- 
ation by  reporting  every  year  how 
much  smaller  is  the  percentage  of  total 
abstainers  than  of  drinkers  in  the 
three  black  lists  of  desertion,  disorder 
and  disease.  The  superior  endurance 
of  the  cold-water  men  has  also  been 
impressively  exhibited.  The  Wash- 
ington Star,  a  paper  of  high  standing 
for  accuracy,  gives  the  following 
story  of  a  greater  than  Marathon  race, 
which  has  its  message  for  young  men 
out  of  the  army  as  well  as  for  all  sol- 
diers everywhere.  "Three  regiments 
were  selected  from  each  of  several 
brigades  for  tests  at  different  times, 
partly  during  maneuvers.  In  one 
every  man  was  forbidden  to  drink  a 
drop  while  the  test  lasted ;  in  the 
second  malt  liquor  only  could  be  pur- 
chased ;  in  the  third  a  sailor's  ration 
of  whiskey  was  given  to  each  man. 
The  experiment  was  repeated  in  sev- 
eral instances  where  forced  marches 
and  other  work  was  required.  The 
whiskey  drinkers  showed  more  dash 
at  first,  but  generally  in  about  four 
days  showed  signs  of  lassitude  and 
abnormal  fatigue.  Those  given  malt 
liquors  displayed  less  dash  at  first,  but 
their  endurance  lasted  somewhat 
longer.    The  abstainers,  however,  are 


said  to  have  increased  daily  in  alert- 
ness and  staying  powers.  As  a  result 
of  this  experiment,  the  British  War 
Department  decided  that  in  the  recent 
Soudan  campaign  not  a  single  drop  of 
stimulant  should  be  allowed  in  camp, 
save  for  hospital  use.  The  officers, 
including  even  the  generals,  could  no 
longer  enjoy  their  accustomed  spirits, 
wines  and  malt  liquors  at  their  mess 
tables.  There  must  have  been  some 
wry  faces,  especially  among  the  Scotch 
laddies,  when  the  order  was  published 
that  for  all  hands,  including  even  camp 
followers,  liquid  refreshment  was  to 
be  limited  to  tea,  oatmeal  water,  or 
lime  juice  and  Nile  water.  To-day  it 
is  a  great  feather  in  the  headgear  of 
the  advocates  of  military  total  ab- 
stainers that  Lord  Kitchener's  victory 
in  the  Soudan  was  won  for  him  by 
an  army  of  teetotalers,  who  made  phe- 
nomenal forced  marches  through  the 
desert,  under  the  burning  sun,  and  in 
a  climate  famed  for  its  power  to  kill 
or  prematurely  age  the  unacclimated. 
Indeed,  'tis  said  that  never  has  there 
been  a  British  campaign  occasioning 
so  little  sickness  and  profiting  by  so 
much  endurance." 

Compulsory  abstinence  for  officers 
as  well  as  soldiers  is  the  fixed  policy 
of  the  British  military  leaders  for 
times  of  war,  and  voluntary  abstinence 
is  strongly  encouraged  in  time  of 
peace.  The  highest  generals  serve  as 
officers  of  the  British  Army  Total 
Abstinence  Association,  and  speak  at 
its  meetings,  and  provide  tents  and 
equipment  for  its  club  life  and  enter- 
tainments. 

Prohibition  in  the  United  States 

Army. 

While  the  British  military  authori- 
ties excel  those  of  the  United  States 
in  the  points  mentioned,  the  United 
States  is  ahead  on  another  point, 
namely,   in  that  by   the  mandate  of 


Hozv  the  Pitcher  Led  to  Victory  and  the  Bottle  to  Defeat. 


51 


the  American  people,  through  Con- 
gress, the  army  beer  saloon  is  pro- 
hibited, both  in  the  army  posts  of 
young  soldiers  and  in  the  soldiers' 
homes  of  the  aged  veterans,  as  it  is 
also  forbidden  by  executive  order  in 
the  Navy. 

The  whole  battle  of  prohibition  has 
been  fought  out  on  a  small  scale  in 
the  anti-canteen  controversy.  Army 
beer  saloons — poetically  called  "can- 
teens" —  were  introduced  in  army 
posts  by  those  who  sincerely  believed 
that  beer  sold  under  "government 
ownership"  in  what  was  substantially 
a  military  "dispensary,"  an  orderly 
place  under  the  supervision  of  officers 
of  "good  moral  character,"  would 
serve  as  a  relatively  harmless  substi- 
tute for  whiskey  saloons  outside,  in 
which  gambling  and  worse  evils  were 
also  found.  Even  religious  editors  and 
bishops — a  few  of  them — accepted 
with  implicit  faith  the  testimony  of 
drinking  officers  who  represented 
these  "canteens"  as  almost  as  good 
as  a  prayer  meeting,  and  assumed  that 
not  the  alcohol  but  the  person  who 
sells  it  and  the  place  where  it  is  sold 
do  the  harm.  Brig.-Gen.  A.  S.  Daggett, 
U.  S.  A.,  retired,  out  of  forty  years' 
service  in  the  army,  before  and  dur- 
ing and  after  the  canteen  period,  has 
conclusively  shown  by  quiet  but  posi- 
tive testimony,  that  the  army  beer 
saloon,  introduced  into  the  soldiers" 
amusement  room,  with  credit  as  an 
ally  of  habit,  and  alluring  dividends 
of  asparagus  and  tomatoes,  led  many 
who  had  never  frequented  saloons  to 
adopt  the  drink  habit,  and,  when  the 
government  beer  had  kindled  their 
appetites,  led  them  straight  to  the  out- 
side places  for  stronger  liquors  and 
the  vices  with  which  all  intoxicants 
are  allied.  The  "canteen"  failure  is 
but  a  new  refutation  of  the  fallacy 
that  an  old  bartender  set  in  a  lurid 
light  when  crusading  white  ribbon- 
ers  knelt  in  the  sawdust  of  his  saloon 


to  sing  and  pray.  As  they  ceased,  he 
exclaimed :  "Ladies,  why  are  you 
here?  Don't  you  know  that  this  is 
where  we  punch  tickets  for  hell  the 
last  time?  Why  don't  you  stop  them 
iiptozvn  before  they  get  on  the  train?" 
It  is  in  the  "respectable  saloons"  and 
respectable  dining-rooms  that  the 
drunkards  "get  on  the  train." 

Defeat  Through  Drinking  Officers 

That  ancient  defeat  of  Ben-hadad 
because  he  and  other  officers  were 
drunk  finds  many  a  modern  parallel. 
Gen.  O.  O.  Howard  gives  the  follow- 
ing among  other  instances  of  defeat 
through  drink  in  the  American  War 
for  the  Union :  "In  one  of  our  great 
battles  we  suffered  defeat,  and  many 
of  us  have  believed  that  the  mistake 
which  caused  the  defeat  was  due  to 
an  excess  of  whiskey  drunk  by  the 
officer  in  command.  I  had  the  tes- 
timony from  an  officer  who  was  with 
him  that  pitchers  of  liquor  wer^e 
brought  to  his  table,  and  that  he 
and  those  around  him  drank  as  freely 
from  them  as  if  they  contained  only 
water.  The  orders  the  commander 
gave  were  the  direct  opposite  from 
what  he  would  have  given  had  he  not 
been  suddenly  confused  by  drink.  A 
heavy  loss  of  men  and  material,  and 
a  dreadful  defeat  for  our  cause,  was 
the  result." 

Even  Homer,  ten  centuries  before 
Christ,  knew  that  wine  was  harmful 
to  the  soldier's  body  and  brain,  as 
witness  the  following  dialogue  be- 
tween Hector's  mother  and  her  hero 
son: 

■'  'Stay  till  I  bring  the  cup  with  Bacchus 
crowned, 

Then  with  a  plenteous  draught  refresh  thy 
soul 

And  draw  new  spirits  from  the  generous 
bowl.' 

'Far  hence  be  Bacchus  gifts!'  Hector  re- 
joined. 

'Inflaming  wine,  pernicious  to  mankind, 


52 


U^orhi  Book  of  Temperance. 


Unnerves   the    limbs    and   dulls    the    noble 

mind : 
Let   chiefs   abstain,    and   spare    the    sacred 

juice 
To   sprinkle   to   the    gods — 'tis    fitter    use." 

Braver  Than  Battling. 

When  the  British  torpedo-boat 
Thrasher  struck  on  Dodman  Reef 
and  was  torn  open,  the  steam  pipes  of 
one  of  the  boilers  burst  and  the  sto- 
kers were  in  instant  peril  of  their 
lives  in  the  scalding  steam.  Stoker 
Lynch  managed  to  reach  the  deck  in 
safety,  but  just  then  he  heard  his  chum 
cry  for  help,  and  plunged  back  into 
the  scalding  steam,  shouting,  "All 
right,  Jim;  I'm  coming!"  The  res- 
cuer groped  his  way  to  his  chum  and 
bore  him  up  to  the  deck,  getting  badly 
burned  as  he  did  so,  but  his  only 
thought  was  of  his  chum.  "Bear  up, 
Tim ;  we'll  get  you  through,  dear  old 
boy !"  But  Jim  died  of  his  burns,  and 
Lynch  almost  died  of  sorrow  added  to 
his  own  injuries.  When  Lynch  got 
better  there  was  a  parade  of  sailors 
before  the  admiral.  "Step  forth, 
Lynch,  and  receive  this  first-class 
Albert  medal  for  conspicuous  brav- 
ery !"  And  his  comrades  crowned  his 
honors  with  a  hearty  cheer.  Some 
days  after,  a  lady,  speaking  to  a  group 
of  navy  stokers  and  others,  used  this 
story  of  Lynch's  courage  as  an  illus- 


tration of  moral  courage  needed  in 
fighting  drink  and  saving  others. 
"Stand  up.  Lynch !"  shouted  his  com- 
rades. Modestly  he  rose,  and  as  an 
appeal  had  been  made  for  pledge  sign- 
ers, he  said :  "I  have  not  been  a  drink- 
ing man,  but  my  temptations  have 
been  very  great,  and  if  I  should  be- 
come a  drunkard  it  would  break  my 
mother's  heart.  I  should  like  to  sign 
the  pledge."  He  did  so,  and  a  hun- 
dred men  signed  with  him.  Thus  he 
added  a  new  act  of  courage  to  his 
record.  This  incident  may  well  remind 
us  that  the  bravest  of  the  brave  are 
those  who  daily  wage  an  unpopular 
war  for  the  right. 

For  God  and  home,  and  every  land, 

We  wage  a  peaceful  war, 
The  cross,   the  banner  of   reforms, 

Forever   at  the  fore. 

With  Christ,  invincible,  we  march, 

Man's   direst  foes  to  slay; 
H|s  word  the  sword  of  victory, 

Our  allies,   all  who  pray. 

In  steps  with  Him  we  conquer  lust 

And  appetite  and  fraud; 
Defeat,    retreat,    bring   no    despair, 

Our  courage  is  in  God. 

We  thank  Him  for  the  victories  won, 
And   hail   the   triumph   sure ; 

At  peace  amid  the  battle's  brunt. 
The  happy  that  endure. 
(Tune,  Coronation.)  W.  F.  C. 


See  Class  Pledge  at  end  of  book. 


THE  STORY  TOLD  TO  LITTLE  ONES. 


Boys  and  girls  like  to  hear  stories  about 
soldiers,  and  I  have  one  to  tell  them. 
There  was  a  king  named  Ben-hadad,  who 
got  thirty-two  other  kings  to  join  their 
horses  and  chariots  and  soldiers  with  his 
that  they  might  go  together  and  take  the 
city  of  Samaria,  to  whose  king  Ben-hadad 
sent  word :  "Give  me  all  your  gold  and 
silver,  and  wives  and  children."  The  king 
of  Samaria  was  so  frightened  that  he  said: 
"I  am  thine  and  all  that  I  have."  But 
Ben-hadad  was  not  satisfied  ;  he  wanted  still 


more ;  so  he  sent  again  to  the  king  in 
Samaria  and  said :  "I  am  going  to  send  my 
servants  to  your  house,  and  they  shall  take 
away  everything."  Then  the  king  in  Sa- 
maria was  aroused  and  sent  word  to  Ben- 
hadad  :  "I  have  given  you  what  you  asked 
for  first,  my  wives  and  my  children  and 
my  gold  and  my  silver,  but  I  will  not  let 
you  take  anything  more.''  Ben-hadad  was 
angry,  and  gave  orders  that  his  soldiers 
should  be  ready  to  fight.  Do  you  not  think 
that   Ben-hadad   and   the   thirty-two   kings 


How  the  Pitcher  Led  to  Victory  and  the  Bottle  to  Defeat.  53 


and  all  the  soldiers  and  horses  and  char- 
iots could  make  one  poor  king  do  as  they 
said?  Yes,  I  am  sure  they  could  have 
done  so  if  it  had  not  been  for  two  things. 
I  am  going  to  let  you  try  to  guess  what 
those  two  things  were.  If  you  do  not 
guess  right,  I  will  tell  you  about  them. 

Now,  1  will  read  you  a  verse  from  the 
Bible  that  will  tell  you  what  made  King 
Ahab  of  Samaria  stronger  that  Ben-hadad 
and  his  thirty-two  kings,  with  all  their 
chariots  and  soldiers  and  horses :  "And  be- 
hold there  came  a  prophet  unto  Ahab,  king 
of  Israel,  saying,  'Thus  saith  the  Lord, 
Hast  thou  seen  all  this  great  multitude? 
Behold,  I  will  deliver  it  into  thine  hand 
this  day,  and  thou  shalt  know  that  I  am 
the  Lord.'  "  Now  surely  you  can  tell  me 
one  of  the  reasons  why  Ben-hadad  and  his 
great  host  could  not  conquer  the  king  of 
Samaria.  Now  I  will  read  to  you  a  verse 
from  the  Bible  which  will  tell  you  the 
second  reason :  "Ben-hadad  was  drinking 
himself  drunk  ...  he  and  the  kings 
the  thirty-two  kings  that  helped  him." 
This  is  what  King  Ahab's  little  army 
found  them  doing.  God  put  courage  into 
the  hearts  of  Ahab's  soldiers,  and  they 
fought  Ben-hadad's  great  army,  and  killed 
many,  and  drove  the  rest  away.  Ben-ha- 
dad himself  had  to  get  away  by  a  very  fast 
horse.  Most  of  the  thirty-two  kings  were 
killed. 

Application. 

There  is  a  great  enemy,  greater  than 
Ben-hadad,  who  is  trying  to  take  away  all 
that  you  have.  Jesus  has  said  of  him, 
"Satan  hath  desired  to  have  you,  that  he 
may  sift  you  as  wheat,''  sifting  out  all  of 
your  goodness,  and  leaving  all  of  your 
badness.  He  will  not  do  as  Ben-hadad  and 
his  thirty-two  kings  did,  get  drunk  and  let 
you  conquer  him,  but  he  will  try  to  make 
you  like  wine  and  brandy,  and  all  such 
things,  so  that  he  can  take  you.  Let  me 
write  on  the  blackboard  the  names  of  the 
thirty-two  kings  he  has  called  in  to  help 
him  fight  you  (read  the  names  as  fast  as 
I    write    them,    and    remember    that    these 


soldiers  of  the  devil  that  fight  you,  are  the 
foes  you  have  to  fight) : 


1  111  temper,  18 

2  Selfishness,  19 

3  Hate,  20 

4  Idleness,  21 

5  Disobedience,  22 

6  Envy,  23 

7  Lying,  24 

8  Pride, 

9  Wilfulness,  25 

10  Quarrelling,  26 

1 1  Anger,  27 

12  Deceit,  28 

13  Bad  company,  29 

14  Bad  books,  30 

15  Whining,  31 

16  Stealing, 

17  Sabbath-breaking,  32 

Questions.  What  is  the  reason  Ben-ha- 
dad and  his  big  army  could  not  overcome 
the  little  army  of  King  Ahab?  Because 
they  were  drunk.  If  you  let  yourselves 
learn  to  like  brandy  and  wine  you  will  not 
be  able  to  fight  against  these  thirty-two 
kings  of  wickedness  whose  names  we  see 
on  the  blackboard.  Why  was  Ahab's  little 
army  stronger  than  Ben-hadad's  great 
army?  Because  God  was  their  helper.  God 
can  make  you  stronger  than  Satan  and  his 
thirty-two  helpers,  if  you  will  put  your 
trust  in  Him. 


Coveting, 

Boasting, 

Love  of   money. 

Cheating, 

Swearing, 

Rioting, 

Love     of     strong 

drink. 

Tobacco, 

Theater, 

Dancing, 

Hypocrisy, 

Evil  speaking, 

Fault  finding. 

Listening   to   evil 

things. 

Bad  thoughts. 


Horace  Greeley,  on  Government  Owner- 
ship of  the  Liquor  Traffic :  "It  is  disrepu- 
table enough  for  the  individual,  under  the 
pressure  of  personal  wants,  to  become  a 
liquor-seller;  but  for  the  whole  State  to 
become  such,  and  this  with  no  necessity, 
but  from  pure  greed  and  cowardice,  is  in- 
famous." 

Hon.  Wm.  Windom,  Secretary  of  Treas- 
ury, U.  S.  A. :  "Considered  socially,  finan- 
cially, politically  or  morally,  the  licensed 
liquor  traffic  is  or  ought  to  be  the  over- 
whelming issue  in  American  politics.  The 
destruction  of  this  iniquity  stands  next  on 
the  world's  calendar." 


Pledge  in  thy  noblest  mood  against  thy  'worst ; 
Pray  then  for  strength  to  keep  the  sacred  trust; 
Prohibit  too  the  drink  by  God  accursed. 


"HIGH  LICENSE 


Washington  :  "Let  us 
raise  a  standard  to  which 
the  wise  and  honest  can  re- 
pair. The  event  is  in  the 
hand  of  God." 

Jefferson  :  "The  excise 
law  is  an  infernal  one.  The 
first  error  was  to  admit  it 
by  the  Constitution,  the  sec- 
ond was  to  act  on  that  ad- 
mission." 


Lincoln 
bound    to 
bound    to    be 
not  bound   to 


"I     am 

win,    but    I 


not 
am 

true.     I    am 
succeed,   but 


I  am  bound  to  live  up  to  the  light  I  have.  Stand 
with  anybody  that  stands  right.  Stand  with  him 
while  he  is  right,  and  part  with  him  when  he  goes 
wrong." 

"Let  every  friend  of  temperance  frown  upon  all 
efforts  at  regulating  the  cancer.  Any  license  law, 
however  stringent,  must  eventually  increase  the 
evil." — Speech    of   Lincoln,   Jan.    23,    1853 

"After  reconstruction,  tlie  next  great  question  zvill  he  the  overthrozv  of  the  liquor  traf- 
fic."— Abraham  Lincoln  to  J.  B.  Merwin,  Apr.  14,  1865,  the  m.orning  before  assassination. 

William  McKinley  :  July  lo,  1874:  "Everyman  who  votes  for  license  becomes  of 
necessity  a  partner  to  the  hquor  traffic  and  all  its  consequences." 

Theodore  Roosevelt:  "If  a  candidate  be  corrupt,  then  refuse,  under  any  plea  of  party 
expediency,  under  any  consideration  to  refrain  from  smiting  him  with  the  sword  of  the 
Lord  and  of  Gideon." 

Hon.  J.  W.  LoNGLEY,  Attorney  General  of  Nova  Scotia:  "It  would  be  the  greatest 
blessing  in  life  that  could  be  conferred  upon  our  institutions  if  in  every  one  of  the 
Two  Hundred  and  Fifteen  constituents  of  Canada  there  were  A  hundred  men  who  did 
not  care  a  button  about  party,  and  voted  as  they  thought  was  right  and  proper  in  the 
interests  of  the  country.  Some  of  those  in  public  life  would  get  hurt,  and  it  would  not 
always  work  right  for  the  machine,  but  it  would  influence  those  high  in  the  councils  of 
the  nation  to  pursue  a  course  that  would  command  the  respect  of  the  best  and  truest 
elements  in  the  country." 

Horace  Greeley,  in  New  York  Tribune:    "Now,  it  is  mad,  it  is  drivelmg,  to  talk  of 

regulating  the  traffic  in  intoxicating  beverages.     Raise  the  charge  for  license  to  $10,000 

and  enact  that  nobody  but  a  doctor  of  divinity  shall  be  allowed  to   sell,  and  you  will 

have  no  material  improvement  on  the  state  of  things  now  presented,  because  so  long  as 

one  man  is  licensed  to  sell,  thousands  will  sell  without  license.     The  law  is  robbed  of  all 

moral  sanction  and  force  by  the  fact  that  it  grants  dispensations  to  some  who  do  with 

impunity  and  for  their  own  profit  that  which  is  forbidden  to  others." 

Note.— The  aV)OTe  picture  is  not  intended  for  .i"dges  wlio  use  powers  of  license  court  to 
cancel  as  many  licenses  as  possible,  but  only  for  those  \vho  license  bars  when  they  might  and 
should  refuse  to  do  so. 


A  Traffic  to  be  Hated  and  Destroyed* 


Psalm    lo:    1-12. 


I  Why  standest  thou  afar  off,  O  Jeho- 
vah? Why  hidest  thou  thyself  in  times  of 
trouble?  2  In  the  pride  of  the  wicked  the 
poor  is  hotly  pursued ;  let  them  be  taken 
in  the  devices  that  they  have  conceived. 
3  For  the  vi'icked  boasteth  of  his  heart's 
desire,  and  the  covetous  renounceth,  yea, 
contemneth  Jehovah.  4  The  wicked,  in 
the  pride  of  his  countenance,  saith,  He  will 
not  require  it.  All  his  thoughts  are.  There 
is  no  God.  5  His  ways  are  firm  at  all 
times;  Thy  judgments  are  far  above  out 
of  his  sight :  as  for  all  his  adversaries,  he 
puffeth  at  them.  6  He  saith  in  his  heart,  I 
shall  not  be  moved;  to  all  generations  I 
shall  not  be  in  adversity.  7  His  mouth  is 
full  of  cursing  and  deceit  and  oppression : 


Under  his  tongue  is  mischief  and  iniquity. 
8  He  sittcth  in  the  lurking-places  of  the 
villages ;  In  the  secret  places  doth  he  mur- 
der the  innocent ;  his  eyes  are  privily  set 
against  the  helpless.  9  He  lurkcth  in  secret 
as  a  lion  in  his  covert;  he  licLh  in  wait  to 
catch  the  poor:  he  doth  catch  the  poor, 
when  he  draweth  him  in  his  net.  10  He 
crouchcth,  he  boweth  down,  and  the  help- 
less fall  by  his  strong  ones.  11  He  saith 
in  his  heart:  God  hath  forgotten.  He  hid- 
eth  his  face,  he  will  never  see  it.  12  Arise, 
O  Jehovah !     O  God,  lift  up  thy  hand ! 

Scripture  Side  Lights  for  Home  Read- 
ing: Psalms  I,  2,  93,  94,  146;  Mark  12: 
38-44- 


Golden   Text:     Who  will  stand    up    for  me  against   the  zuorkers   of  iniquity f — Psalm; 

94:  16. 


Although  David  does  not  specifi- 
cally teach  total  abstinence,  those  who 
fight  the  drink  traffic  often  turn  to 
his  psalms  for  battle  songs.  The 
eternal  principles  are  there  that  in 
their  growth  are  overthrowing  the 
liquor  traffic. 

One  of  the  searching  lay  sermons 
of  John  G.  Woolley  is  on  the  First 
Psalm,  from  which,  by  a  braver  ex- 
position and  application  than  some 
preachers  dare  to  make,  he  pictures 
the  churchmen  who  in  politics  "walk 
in  the  counsel  of  the  ungodly,  and 
stand  in  the  way  of  sinners,  and  sit 
in  the  seat  of  the  scofifers." 

The  Second  Psalm  is  the  very  char- 
ter of  every  movement  for  civic  re- 
vival, especially  the  Father's  promise 
to  the  Son  (v.  10)  :  "I  will  give  thee 
the  nations  —  the  governments  —  for 
thine  inheritance."  The  original  word, 
translated  "heathen,"  misconceived 
as  referring  to  individuals,  the  Re- 
vised Bible  translates  "nations,"  that 
is,  governments  outside  of  Palestine, 
which  we  are  divinely  assured  are 
to  be  really  Christianized.  That  will 
mean  the  end  of  licensed  liquor  sell- 
ing. 


The  Ninety-third  Psalm  begins 
with  words  that  Garfield  quoted  when 
Lincoln  was  assassinated,  and  which 
were  taken  up  again  as  the  nation's 
faith  when  Garfield  was  shot,  "-The 
Lord  reigneth" — words  we  need  to 
steady  us  when  men  and  women  and 
children  are  being  assassinated  by 
the  thousand  by  the  licensed  bar- 
rooms. 

When  the  writer  was  inaugurating 
a  successful  campaign  for  Sunday 
closing  of  saloons  in  Los  Angeles,  in 
1889,  he  read  as  the  keynote — and 
it  was  received  like  a  fresh  mes- 
sage from  heaven — the  Ninety-fourth 
Psalm:  "O  Lord  God,  to  whom  ven- 
geance belongeth,  show  thyself.  .  .  . 
Who  will  rise  up  for  us  against  the 
evildoers  ?" 

The  146th  Psalm  is  known  as  "The 
Crusade  Psalm.,"  because  the  "Cru- 
sade Mother."  Mrs.  Eliza  J.  T. 
Thompson,  of  Hillsbbro,  Ohio,  who 
inaugurated  the  Woman's  Temper- 
ance Crusade,  that  afterwards  grew 
into  the  World's  Woman's  Christian 
Temperance  Union,  found  her  in- 
spiration in  the  great  promise  of  that 
^  psalm,    "Jehovah    preserveth    the    fa- 


56 


JVorld  Book  of  Tcinhcrancc. 


therless  and  widow,  but  the  way  of 
the  wicked  he  turneth  upside  down."' 
Surely  one  must  be  a  dull  reader  who 
can  think  of  the  barroom  remaining 
right-  side  up  when  God  turns  "the 
way  of  the  wicked  upside  down." 

A  wine-glass  is  right  side  up  when 
it  is  upside  down. 

But  temperance  workers  have  rec- 
ognized that  the  Tenth  Psalm,  more 
than  any  other,  pictures,  as  from  life, 
the  modern  liquor  dealer,  especially 
in  those  countries  where  by  temper- 
ance agitation  the  evil  influence  of 
the  traffic  has  been  so  fully  exposed 
that  only  one  in  whom  covetousness 
has  crushed  out  every  noble  impulse 
can  pursue  such  a  hateful  trade. 

The  Gambler,   the  Boodler,  and 
I       the  Brewer, 

Let  us  first  look  at  this  psalm  in 
'its  wider  and  deeper  application.  We 
shall  cure  the  drink  traffic,  "the  open 
sore  of  the  world,"  the  sooner  if  we 
use  not  skin  plasters  but  fundamental 
remedies.  The  Psalmist,  in  denoun- 
cing "the  wicked."  like  other  proph- 
ets of  old — but  unlike  some  modern 
would-be  prophets — hits  hardest  and 
oftenest  at  the  sins  of  the  rich  and 
powerful,  and  especially  at  covetous- 
ness, "the  root  of  all  kinds  of  evil," 
the  sin  Jesus  condemned  more  than 
other  save  the  sin  that  so  often  en- 
wrapped it — hypocrisy. 

Nothing  so  aroused  the  righteous 
indignation  of  Christ  as  a  Christian 
profession  used  as  the  counterfeit 
label  of  a  selfish  life.  In  the  words  of 
a  modern  prophet,  Theodore  Roose- 
velt, we  have  a  phrase  that  may  be 
of  great  service  in  interpreting  this 
psalm.  In  one  sentence  of  a  Presi- 
dential message,  in  1908,  he  denounces 
as  all  alike  "undesirable  citizens,"  the 
unscrupulous  financier,  the  gambler 
and  liquor  seller.  The  cursed  tie  that 
binds  the  three  in  one  group  is  cov- 


etousness. They  will  be  rich  even 
though  it  must  be-  by  heaping  up 
muddy  and  bloody  gold.  If  we  would 
really  undermine  graft,  gambling  and 
drink,  let  us  diligently  teach  the  chil- 
dren in  the  horiie  and  school  and 
church  that  only  wealth  that  has  come 
by  promoting  the  public  weal  is  hon- 
orable. Teach  them  to  regard  the 
big  houses  of  brewers  and  boodlers 
and  gamblers  as  no  better  than 
"haunted  houses."  It  is  foolishness 
to  shun  a  house  because  there  is  a 
tradition  of  ghosts,  but  it  would  be 
wisdom  to  regard  a  house  built  with 
the  brewer's  blood  money  as  really 
haunted  with  the  bitter  cries  of  ruined 
homes  and  blighted  lives,  no  less  unfit 
for  habitation  or  admiration  than  that 
tyrant's  home  who  used  the  blood  of 
men  to  mix  the  mortar. 

In  studying  this  Psalm,  as  in  all 
reform  studies,  each  special  reform 
gets  the  greater  emphasis  when  it  is 
studied  not  alone  but  as  one  heavy 
link  in  the  chain  that  enslaves  men. 
Appetite,  Lust  and  Greed — these  are 
the  Satanic  triumvirate  of  evil,  and  the 
greatest  of  these  is  Greed,  by  whose 
prompting  Appetite  and  Lust  are 
induced  to  do  most  of  their  devilish 
work. 

Two  teachings  of  this  Psalm  are : 

1.  That  the  liquor  dealer's  occupa- 
tion is  no  better  than  that  of  a  wild 
beast. 

2.  That  good  men  should  hate  and 
destroy  it. 

The  Rum  Tiger 

"He  lurketh  in  secret  as  a  lion  in 
his  covert."  (V.  9).  This  is  the  cen- 
tral fact  in  the  Psalm,  that  there  are 
men  who  turn  themselves  .into  wild 
beasts  to  make  money  by  cheating  the 
poor  and  ignorant.  Drink  bestializes 
the  drinker,  making  him  ape,  lion  and 
hog  in  rapid  evolution  downward ;  but 
covetousness  makes  a  man  the  king 
of  beasts,  especially  when  for  gain  he 


A  Traffic  to  Be  Hated  and  Destroyed. 


makes  it  his  'business  to  transform 
others  into  beasts.  The  hquor  dealer 
is  indeed  that  most  dreadful  of  lions, 
"the  man-eater,"  who,  having  fed  on 
a  man,  will  never  again  content  with 
lesser  prey. 

It  is  the  tiger,  more  treacherous 
than  the  lion  that  temperance  workers 
in  the  United  States  most  frequently 


abuse  peculiar  to  the  United  States, 
may  easily  be  adapted  to  "John  Bull," 
or  other  national  personifications 
wherever  the  government  stands  as 
protector  of  the  beast  that  imperils 
home  and  school  and  church,  prevent- 
ing fathers  from  destroying  the 
destroyer. 

Dr.  Talmage  preached  on  the  text, 
"It  is  my  son's  coat,  an  evil  beast  hath 


By  permission  M.  R.  Beckltll^ 


There  are  two  con- 
clusive proofs  that 
prohibition  prohibits. 
One  is  that  Ameri- 
can liquor  dealers  are 

spending  vast  sums  in  press  and  posters 
to  prove  that  "more  liquor  is  sold  under 
prohibition,"'  vifhich  they  are  so  anxious 
to  prevent  that  they  will  pay  advertising 
■  rates  in  addition  to  license  fees  to  pre- 
vent it.  The  other  is  that  after  abundant 
experiments  for  a  hundred  years  with 
license  and  prohibition,  the  American  people  are  adopting  prohibi- 
tion faster  than  ever  before.  No  statistics  are  needed  except  the 
rumsellers'  expenditures  to  defeat  prohibition  and  prohibition's 
increasing  areas. 


-^. 


choose  to  picture  the  liquor  trafific. 
Herewith  we  present  three  cartoons 
of  these  rum  tigers  that  need  little  in- 
terpretation. The  first  condenses 
centuries  of  British  and  American 
history,  that  prove  the  futility  of  any 
form  of  "regulation,"  whether  low 
license,  high  license,  or  government 
ownership,  to  check  the  deadly  work 
of  this  human  beast. 

The  second  tiger  shows  the  wicked- 
ness of  a  relapse  from  prohibition  back 
to  license,  such  as  sometimes  occurs, 
always  in  such  cases  by  the  votes  of 
fathers  more  interested  in  other  issues 
than  in  home  protection. 

Tlie  third  tiger,  though  the  direct 
application    of    the    picture    is    to    an 


devoured  him."  Does  anyone  sup- 
pose that,  in  preaching  on  the  evil 
beasts  that  destroy  young  men,  an 
intelligent  and  honest  preacher  could 
fail  to  name  the  bar-room? 

"In  the  seventeenth  century  in  Bad- 
burg  (a  little  town  in  Bavaria)  a  man 
was  arrested  who  on  the  rack  con- 
fessed that  the  devil  had  given  him 
a  girdle  by  means  of  which  he  could 
change  himself  into  a  wolf.  As  a 
wolf  he  had  eaten  thirteen  children, 
among  them  his  own  son.  He  had 
also  bitten  to  death  two  men  and  a 
woman.  He  was  sentenced  to  be  put 
on  the  wheel,  then  beheaded  after 
being  pinched  in  twelve  places  on  his 
body   with   red-hot  irons.     His  dead 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


[By  permission  of  Rev.  H.  T.  Cheever,  Worcester,  Mass.] 

A  VOTE  for  LICENSE  says:    "CUT  THAT  ROPE!" 

Worse  than  any  "blind  tiger"*  that  hides  away  in  dark  alleys  and  devours  only  the 
'■'old  soaks"  that  come  to  him,  is  a  tiger  let  loose  in  the  streets,  by  the  vote  of  fathers, 
with  the  gold  license  collar  of  the  state  on  his  neck,  to  destroy  the  boys  and  girls. — Rev. 
O.  R.  Miller. 


body  was  burned,  but  his  head  was  set 
on  a  wooden  wolf  as  a  warning,  and 
thus  kept  for  many  years. 


So  runs  the  old  chronicle.  Has  it 
any  parallel  in  present-day  life? 

The  next  time  you  open  your  news- 
paper and  read  the  scare  heads 
'describing  the  latest  lynching  horror 
in  the  black  belt  of  the  United  States, 
ask  yourself  what  devil's  girdle  has 
changed  so  many  negroes  into  sen- 
sual hyenas.  Remember  that  during 
the  four  years  of  the  Civil  War  the 
whole  white  womanhood  of  the  South, 
in  the  absence  of  husband  and  brother, 
in  the  death  grapple  of  battle,  was  at 
the  mercy  of  the  black  population  on 
the  plantations.  Was  there  anything 
corresponding  to  these  frightful  epi- 

*"Blind  tiger"  is  a  term  used  in  tlie  United  States  for  an  illegal  barroom.  When  a  few 
such  are  developed  in  a  prohibition  town  because  citizens  did  not  elect,  with  a  good  law,  good 
oflScers  to  enforce  it,  some  thoughtless  people  say.  "We  had  better  have  some  well-regulated 
saloons  instead  of  these  'blind  tigers,'  "  not  being  thoughtful  enough  to  see  the  answer  in  their 
own  figure,  namelv,  that  "blind  tigers"  are  necessarily  less  harmful  than  tisera  -^Xfy,  open  eyea, 
given  free  course  of  the  streets  by  vote  of  careless  fathers.     On  beastly  inllueuce  of  drink,  see  p.  30. 


sodes  at  that  time?  Oh,  no!  What 
has,  then,  happened  since  to  produce 
the  change?  Is  it  emancipation  or 
education,  or  the  possession  of  the 
suffrage?  If  you  get  the  report  of 
the  Committee  of  Fifty  on  the  Liquor 
Laws  of  the  United  States  and  turn 
to  the  chapter  describing  the  South 
Carolina  dispensary  you  will  find  a 
sentence  which  for  all  rational  men  is 
a  sufficient  answer :  "Seventy-five  per 
cent,  of  the  sales  of  the  dispensaries 
are  to  negroes."  The  souls  of  the 
black  men  are  poisoned  with  alcohol 
and  their  bodies  are  in  due  course 
drenched  in  petroleum  and  burned." 

So  those  guilty  of  social  horrors 
the  world  over,  in  homes  and  streets, 
have  mostly  been  bitten  by  the  human 
wolves  who  have  surrendered  true 
manhood  to  make  money  behind  liquor 


A  Traffic  to  Be  Hated  and  Destroyed. 


59 


bars.  These  are  far  more  dangerous 
than  mad  dogs,  a  few  of  whom 
attracted  national  attention  in  the 
United  States  by  human  tragedies  in 
1908.  Many  a  kind  father,  bitten  by 
the  bar-tender,  has  become  the  beastly 
terror  of  his  home  and  neighborhood. 

Let  me  quote  from  a  reformed 
drunkard's  pen  the  vivid  picture  of 
the  transformation,  as  of  Dr.  Jekyl 
to  Mr.  Hyde,  of  a  man  into  a  beast 
through  the  power  of  drink.  "Re- 
covering from  a  debauch,  horrible 
thoughts  that  should  make  even  the 
lowest  beast  blush  with  shame,  crowd 
through  the  distorted  chambers  of  his 
brain.  At  a  later  stage  comes  re- 
morse, with  it  pangs  of  regret  and 
despair,  to  still  further  torture  the 
unfortunate  sufferer. 

"I  am  speaking  now  of  the  man 
who  has  once  been  a  man — not  the 
naturally  depraved  being  who  drinks 
out  of  sheer  brutishness,  who  never 
knew  the  sensation  of  a  noble  thought 
or  a  good  impulse." 

It  should  be  admitted  frankly  and 
often  in  temperance  articles  and 
addresses,  to  avoid  seeming  exagger- 
ation, that  temperance  advocates  do 
not  forget  that  probably  a  majority  of 
those  who  use  intoxicants  in  the  most 
advanced  countries  do  not  become 
drunkards,  or  even  "drunk,"  in  the 
common  meaning  of  that  word,  though 
every  man  whose  mind  or  body  is  in 
any  degree  affected  by  alcohol  is 
drunk  to  that  extent.  But  every  man 
who  uses  intoxicants — the  word  means 
poison — as  a  beverage,  becomes  by 
that  habit  one  of  the  supporters  of  a 
system  which,  more  than  anything 
else,  draws  humanity  down  to  animal- 
ism, when  it  should  be  rising  to  live 
the  nobler  life  of  man's  spiritual 
nature.  In  the  words  of  Charles  H. 
Spurgeon,  referring  to  the  beastly 
signs  above  the  doors  of  British  drink- 
ing places : 

"Red   lions    and    tigers    and    eagles 


and  vultures  are  all  creatures  of  prey, 
and  why  do  so  many  put  themselves 
within  the  power  of  their  jaws  and 
talons?  Such  as  drink  and  live  riot- 
ously, and  wonder  why  their  faces  are 
so  blotched  and  their  pockets  so  bare 
would  leave  off  wondering  if  they  had 
two  grains  of  wisdom.  They  might 
as  well  ask  an  elm-tree  for  pears  as 
to  look  to  loose  habits  for  health  and 
wealth.  Those  who  go  to  the  public- 
house  for  happiness  climb  a  tree  for 
fish.  The  man  who  spends  his  money 
with  the  publican  and  thinks  the  land- 
lord's bow  and  'How  do  you  do,  my 
good  fellow?'  means  true  respect  is 
a  perfect  simpleton.  We  don't  light 
fires  for  the  herring's  comfort,  but  to 
roast  him.  Men  do  not  keep  pot- 
houses for  the  laborer's  good.  Why, 
then,  should  people  drink  'for  the  good 
of  the  house'?  If  I  spend  money  for 
the  good  of  the  house,  let  it  be  my  own 
house  and  not  the  landlord's.  It  is 
a  bad  well  into  which  you  must  put 
water^  and  the  beerhouse  is  a  bad 
friend  because  it  takes  your  all  and 
leaves  you  nothing  but  a  headache." 
"History,  out  of  abundant  sorrows 


.    ^.^  -       '  ~*.|Cof<oo«  designed  by  W.  F.  CralU, 

Uucle  Sam  proteots  with  the  shield  of 
"interstate  commerce"  the  "blind  tigers," 
fed  on  "ori.crinal  packages"  l).v  liciuor  deal- 
ers outside  the  State,  so  that  fathers  cauuot 
defend  their  o\vu  hoys. 


6o 


JVorld  Book  of  Temperance. 


and  tragedies,  has  proved  that  alcohol 
is: 

1.  A  Mocker,  saying  "Good  cheer,"  but 
leading  men  to  the  lockup. 

2.  A  Cheat,  receiving  much  value,  but  re- 
turning none. 

3.  A  Liar,  promising  to  warm  and 
strengthen,  but  doing  neither. 

4.  A  Thief,  robbing  the  till  of  every  hon- 
est merchant. 

5.  A  Bandit,  despoiling  laborers  on  their 
way  home  from  toil. 

6.  A  Debaucher,  whose  haunt  is  hung 
with  obscene  pictures. 

7.  A  Corrupter,  making  men  worse,  but 
never  better. 

8.  A  Disturber,  causing  contention,  acci- 
dents and  general  disorder. 

9.  A  Kidnapper,  stealing  boys  from  the 
home  and  enslaving  free  men. 

10.  A  Ravager,  whose  wounded  fill  asy- 
lums, hospitals  and  ahnshouses. 

11.  A  Poisoner,  whose  victims  die  in 
dreadful  delirium. 

12.  A  Murderer — alias  Eau-de-vie — who 
deals  out  death. 

13.  A  Tyrant,  ruling  by  bribery  and  the 
help  of  shameless  allies. 

14.  An  Anarchist,  who  daily  defies  the  law 
of  the  state. 

15.  A  Traitor,  pretending  to  enrich  the 
nation,  but  working  its  ruin. 

The  Duty  of  Hating. 

The  indictment  we  have  just 
quoted  reminds  us  that  it  is  too  much 
forgotten  that  the  Bible  teaches  us, 
as  in  this  Psalm,  so  in  many  passages, 
to  "hate  evil"  as  vi^ell  as  to  love  the 
good.* 

Dr.  Thomas  Arnold,  the  great 
Rugby  teacher,  once  said:  "I  have 
heard  enough  about  boys  that  love 
God.  Commend  me  to  a  boy  that  not 
only  loves  God  but  hates  the  devil." 
One  is  but  half  a  Christian  who  is 
not  "a  good  hater."  Of  course  he 
will  not  hate  the  sinner  but  the  sin. 
When  New  York  City  was  having  a 
third  uncovering  of  its  abominations, 
a  careful  observer  remarked  that  the 
chief  effect  upon  public  sentiment 
there  was  ^'vexation  rather  than  indig- 

*Ex.  18:  21:  Deut.  12:  31:  16:  22;  Vs. 
119:  104,  113,  128.  1G3:  Trov.  6:  16;  8:  13; 
5  :  15  :  Heb.  1:9;  Jude  23 ;  Rev.  2  :  6,  15. 


nation."  The  man  who  lacks  the 
"blood  and  iron"  of  strong  moral 
indignation  at  wrong-doing,  and  can 
read  of  wrongs  without  a  quickened 
pulse,  should  study  the  noblest  char- 
acters of  the  world,  who  could  hate 
as  well  as  love.  Let  him  behold  "the 
wrath  of  the  Lamb"  in  the  gentle 
Christ  as  He  hurls  "the  sevenfold 
lightning  of  His  seven  times  uttered, 
'Woe  unto  you.  Scribes  and  Pharisees, 
hypocrites,  vipers !'  because  these  men 
of  long  prayers  preyed,  in  another 
sense,  on  'widows'  houses.'  John,  the 
Beloved,  was  the  tenderest  of  the 
Apostles,  but  he  combined,  as  we 
should  all  do,  sweetness  and  fire.  No 
Bible  writer  calls  a  lie  a  lie,  and  a  liar 
a  liar,  so  often  as  John.  Even  in 
David's  rougher  age  it  is  claimed,  with 
strong  arguments,  that  his  severe 
imprecations  were  really  against  men 
as  enemies  of  God.  As  for  his  own 
enemies,  his  general,  Joab,  said  chid- 
ingly,  "Thou  lovest  thine  enemies." 
Three  times,  at  least,  he  spared  foes 
that  his  comrades  urged  him  to  kill. 
"Do  not  I  hate  them  that  hate  thee?" 
(Psa.  139:  21,  22)  is  the  key  to  his 
imprecations. 

What  are  You  Going:  to   Do 
About  It? 

"Break  thou  the  arm  of  the  zuicked" 
(v.  15).  That  means  prohibition,  if 
it  is  the  "arm"  of  the  liquor  traffic 
that  is  to  be  broken.  God  will  do  His 
part ;  let  us  do  ours.  In  the  words 
of  Rev.  Dr.  Aked,  formerly  of  Eng- 
land, now  of  New  York  City:  "The 
coinmon  sale  of  intoxicating  drink 
does  such  harm  to  the  whole  commu- 
nitv,  and  not  merely  to  those  who  take 
the  drink,  that  in  its  own  interest  and 
tor  its  own  protection  the  community 
has  a  right  to  prohibit  the  sale.  This 
crime  must  be  stopped.  The  law, 
which  prohibits  the  use  of  naked  lights 

n:  5  :  26  :  5  ;  31  :   6  ;   4.5  :  7  ;   97  :  10  ;   101 :   3 ; 
13:  5;  28:   16;   Eccl.   3:8;   Isa.  61 :   8 ;  Amos 


•                                 A  Traffic  to  Be  Hated  and  Destroyed.  6i 

in  the  coalpit,  can  prohibit  the  com-  Here  we  may  fitly  cite  a  modem 
mon  sale  of  intoxicating  drinks.  And  imprecatory  psalm,  uttered  by  Gov- 
while  we  practise  and  preach  total  crnor  J.  Frank  Hanly,  of  Indiana,  at 
abstinence  for  the  individual,  we  shall  the  Republican  State  Convention  in 
cherish  the  ideal  of  total  prohibition  1908,  which  found  swift  response  in 
for  the  State.  And  if  we  do  not  live  a  party  promise  that  the  people  of  the 
to  see  the  final  triumph  of  our  cause,  State  by  counties  should  have  oppor- 
at  least  we  can  die  fighting-.  We  can  tunity  to  outlaw  the  saloons. 
save  our  souls  alive,  and  we  can  spend  Such  an  indictment  calls  for  a  sen- 
cur  last  breath  in  a  war  shout  in  tence  of  banishment.  At  least  let 
defense  of  the  right  and  in  defiance  every  man  make  a  prohibitory  law  for 
of  the  wrong."  his  own  mouth  to  guard  his  brain. 


Why  I  Hate  the  Liquor  Traffic* 

Governor  Hanly,  of  Indiana.  U.  S.  A. 

I  have  seen  so  much  of  the  evils  of  the  liquor  traffic,  so  much  of  its  economic 
waste,  so  much  of  its  physical  ruin,  so  much  of  its  mental  blight,  so  much  of 
its  tears  and  heartache,  that  I  have  come  to  regard  the  business  as  one  that 
must  be  held  and  controlled  by  strong  and  effective  laws.  I  bear  no  malice 
toward  those  engaged  in  the  business,  but  I  hate  the  traffic.  I  hate  its  every 
phase.     I  hate  it  for  its  commercialism.     I  hate  it  for  its  greed  and  avarice. 

I  hate  it  for  its  domination  in  politics.  I  hate  it  for  its  incessant  effort  to 
debauch  the  suffrage  of  the  country.       I  hate  it  for  its  utter  disregard  of  law. 

I  hate  it  for  the  load  it  straps  to  labor's  back,  for  its  wounds  to  genius.  I 
hate  it  for  the  human  wrecks  it  has  caused.  I  hate  it  for  the  almshouses  it 
peoples,  for  the  prisons  it  fills,  for  the  insanity  it  begets,  for  its  countless  graves 
in  potters'  fields. 

I  hate  it  for  the  mental  ruin  it  imposes  upon  its  victim^s,  for  its  spiritual 
blight,  for  its  moral  degradation.  I  hate  it  for  the  crimes  it  has  committed.  I 
hate  it  for  the  homes  it  has  destroyed.  I  hate  it  for  the  hearts  it  has  broken. 
I  hate  it  for  the  grief  it  causes  womanhood — the  scalding  tears,  the  hopes  de- 
ferred, the  strangled  aspirations.  I  hate  it  for  its  heartless  cruelty  to  the  aged, 
the  infirm  and  the  helpless,  for  the  shadow  it  throws  upon  the  lives  of  children. 

I  hate  it  as  virtue  hates  vice,  a-s  truth  hates  error,  as  righteousness  hates  sin, 
as  justice  hates  wrong,  as  liberty  hates  tyranny,  as   freedom  hates  oppression. 


There's  an  evil  in  the  land.  Do  you  see  the  drunkard's  home? 

Drive  it  out !  Drive  it  out ! 

It's   a   curse   to    every    man,  Do  you   hear   the   mother's  groan? 

Drive  it  out !  Drive  it  out ! 

It  is  whiskey,  rum  and  beer.  Do  you  see  our  youthful  men, 

That  enslaves  us  year  by  year.  Doomed  to  death  by  "Satan's  den?" 

Will  you   not  these   fetters  clear?  Do  you  see  the  drunkard's  end? 

Drive  it  out!  Drive  it  out! 

Drive   it   out!     Drive   it   out! 
Men  of  love  and  faith  and  prayer. 
Be  the  kind  to  do  and  dare. 
Live  for  temperance  everywhere! 
Drive  it  out! 

George  W.  Lassiter, 


HERALDS    OF    ABSTINENCE  AND   PROHIBITION. 

(Vontinticd  from  page  30.) 


Shakespeare  (c?.  i6i6),  in  Othello:  Oh, 
thou  invisible  spirit  of  wine,  if  thou  hast 
no  name  to  be  known  by,  let  us  call  thee — 
devil. 

Lord  Bacon  (d.  1626)  :  All  the  crimes 
on  earth  do  not  destroy  so  many  of  the 
human  race,  nor  alienate  so  much  property 
as  intemperance. 

Milton  (d.  1674)  :  What  more  foul  sin 
among  us  than  drunkenness ;  and  who  can 
be  ignorant  that  if  the  importation  of  wine 
and  the  use  of  all  strong  drink  were  forbid, 
it  would  be  both  clean  rid  the  possibility 
of  committing  that  odious  vice,  and  men 
might  afterward  live  happily  and  health- 
fully without  the  use  of  those  intoxicating 
liquors  ? 

Some  by   violent  stroke   shall   die. 
By    fire,    f^ood,    famine ;    by    intemperance 
more. 

Prior   (d.   1721)  : 

Memory  confused,  and  interrupted  thought. 

Death's  harbingers,  lie  latent  in  the 
draught; 

And  in  the  flowers  that  wreath  the  spark- 
ling bowl. 

Fell  adders  hiss,  and  poisonous  serpents 
roll. 

Kant  (fc.  1724)  :  Beer  is  very  injurious 
to  health  and  destructive  of  life. 

Young,  in  "Night  Thoughts,"  1742 : 

In  our  world  Death  deputes 
Intemperance  to  do  the  work  of  Age; 
And,   hanging   up   the  quiver   Nature   gave 

him, 
As   slow  of   execution,    for  dispatch, 
Sends    forth    his    licensed    butchers;    bids 

them  slay 
Their    sheep    (the   silly   sheep   they   fleeced 

before). 
And  toss  him  twice  ten  thousand  at  a  meal. 
.     .     .     O  what  a  heap  of  slain 
Cry  out  for  vengeance  on  us ! 

Chesterfield,  in  Speech  against  the  Gin 
Act,  1743:  Vice,  my  lords,  is  not  properly 
to  be  taxed,  but  to  be  suppressed.  .  .  . 
Luxury,  my  lords,  may  very  properly  be 
taxed.  But  the  use  of  these  things  which 
are  simply  hurtful — hurtful  in  their  own 
nature,  and  in  every  degree — is  to  be  pro- 
hibited. If  their  liquors  are  so  delicious 
that  the  people  are  tempted  to  their  own 
destruction,  let  us  at  length,  my  lords,  se- 
cure them  from  these  fatal  draughts  by 
bursting  the  vials  that  contain  them.  Let 
us  check  these  artists  in  human  slaughter, 
which    have    reconciled    their    countrymen 


to  sickness  and  to  ruin,  and  spread  over  the 
pitfalls  of  debauchery  such  baits  as  cannot 
be  resisted.  When  I  consider,  my  lords, 
the  tendency  of  this  bill,  I  find  it  calculated 
only  for  the  propagation  of  disease,  the  sup- 
pression of  industry,  and  the  destruction 
of  mankind.  For  the  purpose,  my  lords, 
what  could  have  been  invented  more  effi- 
cacious than  shops  at  which  poison  may  be 
vended,  poison  so  prepared  as  to  please 
the  palate,  while  it  wastes  the  strength  and 
kills  only  by  intoxication? 

Rowland  Hill  (b.  1744;  :  Public-houses, 
the  bane  of  the  country,  excite  the  strong- 
est indignation  in  my  mind. 

Fielding  (d.  1754)  :  Wine  and  youth  are 
fire  upon  fire. 

John  Wesley,  1760:  All  who  sell  liquors 
in  the  common  way,  to  any  that  will  buy, 
are  poisoners  general,     (see  p.  So.) 

John  Adams,  1761 :  Like  so  many  boxes 
of  Pandora,  dram-shops  are  hourly  scat- 
tering plagues  of  every  kind — natural, 
moral,  and  political.  The  worst  effect  of 
all,  and  which  ought  to  make  every  man, 
who  has  the  least  sense  of  his  privileges, 
tremble,  these  houses  are  become  in  many 
places  the  nurseries  of  our  legislators. 
.  .  .  I  think  it  would  be  well  worth  the 
attention  of  our  Legislature  to  confine  the 
number  and  retrieve  the  character  of  li- 
censed houses,  lest  that  impiety  and  pro- 
faneness,  that  abandoned  intemperance  and 
prodigality,  that  impudence  and  brawling 
temper,  which  these  abominable  nurseries 
daily  propagate,  should  arrive  at  last  to  a 
degree  of  strength  that  even  the  Legisla- 
ture will  not  be  able  to  control. 

Oliver  Goldsmith  (d.  1774)  :  In  all  the 
towns  and  countries  I  have  seen,  I  never 
saw  a  city  or  a  village  yet,  whose  miseries 
were  not  in  proportion  to  the  number  of  its 
public-houses.  .  .  .  Ale-houses  are  ever 
an  occasion  of  debauchery  and  excess,  and 
either  in  a  political  or  religious  light,  it 
would  be  our  highest  interest  to  have  them 
suppressed. 

Cowper,  in  "The  Task,"  published  1785 : 
Ten  thousand  casks, 
For  ever  dribbling  out  their  base  contents. 
Touched  by  the  Midas  finger  of  the  State, 
Bleed  gold   for  ministers  to  sport  away. 
Drink  and  be  mad,  then;  'tis  your  country 

bids! 
Gloriously   drunk  obey  th'  jmportant  call  f 
The  cause  demands  the  assistance  of  your 

throats ; 
Ye  all  can  swallow,  and  she  asks  no  more. 


Whosoever  is  Deceived  Thereby  is  Not  Wise* 


Proverbs    20:    1-13. 


I  Wine  is  a  mocker,  strong  drink  a 
brawler:  And  whosoever  erreth  thereby  is 
not  wise.  2  The  terror  of  a  king  is  as  the 
roaring  of  a  lion:  he  that  provokeih  him 
to  anger  sinneth  against  his  own  life.  3 
It  is  an  honor  for  a  man  to  keep  aloof 
from  strife ;  but  every  fool  will  be  quar- 
relling. 4  The  sluggard  will  not  plow  by 
reason  of  the  winter ;  therefore  he  shall 
beg  in  harvest,  and  have  nothing.  5  Coun- 
sel in  the  heart  of  man  is  like  deep  water; 
but  a  man  of  understanding  will  draw  it 
out.  6  Alost  men  will  proclaim  every  one 
his  own  kindness;  but  a  faithful  man  who 
can  find?     7  A  righteous  man  that  walketh 


in  his  integrity,  blessed  are  his  children 
after  him.  8  A  king  that  sitteth  on  the 
throne  of  judgment  scattereth  away  all  evil 
with  his  eyes,  9  Who  can  say,  1  have  made 
my  heart  clean,  I  am  pure  from  my  sin? 
10  Diverse  weights  and  diverse  measures, 
both  of  them  alike  are  an  abomination  to 
Jehovah.  11  Even  a  child  maketh  him- 
self known  by  his  doings,  whether  his 
work  be  pure,  and  whether  it  be  right.  12 
The  hearing  ear,  and  the  seeing  eye,  Je- 
hovah hath  made  even  both  of  them.  13 
Love  not  sleep,  lest  thou  come  to  poverty ; 
open  thine  eyes,  and  thou  shalt  be  satis- 
fied with  bread. 


Golden  Text:    Wine  is  a  mocker,  strong   drink  a  brawler. —  Prov.  20:  i. 


"Wine  is  a  mocker."  Centuries  of 
deadly  delusion  are  summed  up  in 
that  saying-.  In  Bible  times  wine  was 
the  most  common  intoxicating  drink. 
Distillation,  by  which  separate  alcohol 
and  distilled  liquors  were  produced, 
was  not  known  before  the  seventh  cen- 
tury. Wine  proved  a  mocker,  for  it 
promised  joy,  but  really  brought  sor- 


ORIENTAL    WINE   CUP. 

row.  It  promised  strength,  but  really 
produced  weakness.  It  was  called  the 
"social  glass,"  but  it  turned  friends 
Into  fighting  foes."  It  was  drunk  as 
"health,"  but  it  promoted  disease.  Yet 
for  ages  men  believed  its  false  prom- 
ises, and  many  of  those  reputed 
"wise,"  proved  themselves  foolish  by 
being  "deceived  thereby."  The  Bible 
taught,   in  Proverbs   and  otlier   pass- 


ages, that  wine  is  the  chief  cause  of 
poverty,  the  ally  of  lust  and  all  other 
evils,  and  commanded  us  not  even  to 
"look"  lat  it ;  but  not  until  the  nine- 
teenth century  did  even  the  most  ad- 
vanced churches  advocate  abstinence 
from  this  deceiving  destroyer ;  though 
there  were  a  few  individual  advocates 
of  abstinence  at  an  earlier  time.  In 
1836  American  temperance  societies 
and  churches  in  convention  assembled, 
gave  up  the  fruitless  "moderation" 
movement,  and  also  the  fallacy  that 
alcohol  taken  in  beer  and  wine,  instead 
of  brandy  and  whiskey,  would  do  no 
harm.  They  worked  hard  to  save 
drunkards  by  pledging  them  not  to 
drink ;  but  with  open  saloons  inviting 
them  to  drink  all  along  their  path, 
most  of  them  fell  into  their  old  habits 
again.  All  sorts  of  "restrictive" 
license  laws  failed  to  restrict,  and  so 
in  1850  the  churches  generally  de- 
clared in  favor  of  prohibitory  laws, 
by  which  it  should  be  made  "as  hard 
as  possible  to  do  wrong,  and  as  easy 
as  possible  to  do  right."  With  the  in- 
crease of  immigration,  of  cities,  and 
of  prosperity,  the  consumption  of 
liquors  increased  in  our  country 
until,   in    1907,   it   reached   high   tide, 


64 


IVorhf  Book  of  Temperance. 


twenty-three  gallons  per  capita,  with 
corresponding  increase  of  evil  conse- 
quences in  the  home,  in  business,  and 
in  politics,  all  of  which  lose  when  the 
liquor  habit  gains.  This,  in  brief,  is 
the  history  of  the  temperance  move- 
ment, which  we  may  appropriately 
recall  on  this  Temperance  Sunday,  be- 
cause history  is  the  best  exposition  of 
what  is  at  once  our  golden  text,  and 
the  lesson's  opening  verse. 

''Mocker''  and  Murderer. 

But  alas,  "wine  is  a  mocker"  still  in 
spite  of  all  past  exposures  of  its  tricks. 
As  confidence  men  use  over  and  over 
agam  the  trick  of  greeting  a  stranger 
as  an  old  friend,  and  then  lure  him 
into  some  resort  and  get  his  money 
by  some  gambling  trick  or  other  rob- 
bery, so  the  same  tricks  with  which 
wine  fooled  Noah,  and  Alexander  the 
Great,  are  used  successfully  in  our 
own  land  to-day.  Still,  in  the  name 
of  friendship,  men  take  that  which  has 
made  many  a  man  kill  his  best  friend. 
The  story  is  an  old  one,  and  in  sub- 
stance has  been  true  of  many  a 
wrecked  home,  of  the  man  who  in 
drunken  madness  killed  the  wife  he 
dearly  loved.  He  knew  nothing  of  his 
act  nor  of  the  imprisonment  that  fol- 
lowed till  he  awoke  the  next  day,  and 
inquired,  "Where  am  I?"  "In  prison." 
"What  for?"  "For  murder."  "Does 
my  wife  know?"  "You  have  murdered 
her."  Then  came  madness  indeed. 
And  that  is  the  stuff  people  have 
taken  for  centuries  to  manifest  friend- 
ship! "Wine  is  a  mocker,  strong 
drink  is  raging,  and  whosoever  is  de- 
ceived thereby  is  not  wise." 

Danger  Signals. 

Wine  is  especially  a  mocker  in  that 
even  when  a  man's  neighbors  all  see 
he  is  a  slave  to  drink,  he  commonly 
thinks  himself  in  no  dangfer.     Let  us 


challenge  our  drinking  friends  to  let 
the  drink  alone  for  a  whole  week  to 
see  whether  the  liking  for  it  has  not 
already  a  stronger  hold  on  them  than 
they  think. 

Here  is  an  apropos  story :  "This 
red  flag  is  a  signal  of  danger,  Nannie," 
said  the  tall  engineer,  as  he  gave  his 
daughter  a  little  red  flag.  "A  signal, 
father?"  And  Nannie's  blue  eyes 
were  lifted  toward  her  father  in 
anxious  inquiry.  "Yes,  it  means 
danger."  If  anything  is  not  just 
right,  that  red  flag  on  the  railroad 
track  is  a  sign,  and  the  engineer  will 
stop  his  train."  "Would  you  stop 
yours,  father?"  "I  rather  think  so, 
Nannie  Payson.  If  I  didn't  there 
would  be  trouble.  What  I  have  given 
you  is  only  a  toy  flag,  but  you  may 
like  to  play  with  it."  Nannie  was  an 
enthusiastic  child.  She  eagerly  seized 
the  toy  flag,  and  delightedly  played 
with  it.  Her  father  had  scarcely  left 
the  room  to  hurry  oiT  to  his  train, 
when  she  heard  her  mother  sighing. 
"Oh,  dear!"  Then  her  mother  cried. 
"Oh,  I  wouldn't  cry!"  urged  Nannie, 
throwing  her  arms  about  her  mother's 
neck.  Tell  me  what  is  the  matter." 
The  mother  hated  to  say.  "I  know 
why  it  is."  She  went  to  a  closet  and 
opened  the  door.  She  pointed  to  a 
black  bottle  on  a  shelf.  "That  is  it, 
mother."  The  mother  nodded  her 
head.  "It  is  growing  on  him,  Nannie. 
He  does  not  think  so,  but  he  drinks 
more  than  he  used  to,  and  he  drinks 
oftener.  He  will  lose  his  place  on  the 
road  the  next  thing."  The  fumes  of 
whiskey  the  engineer  had  taken  es- 
caped from  the  closet  into  the  room. 
"He  thinks  people  don't  know,  but 
they  can't  help  knowing.  Just  as  the 
smell  of  it  is  coming  out  of  the  closet, 
the  trouble  gets  out,  and  everybody 
knows  it,  Nannie.  You  can't  hide  it." 
What  could  Nannie  do?  She  resolved 
to  do  one  thing  the  next  day,  though 
she  made  up  her  mind  with  fear  and 


Whosoever  is  Deceived  Thereby  is  Not  Wise. 


65 


trembling.  When  the  engineer  went 
to  the  closet  the  next  morning,  he 
saw  the  toy  flag  beside  the  bottle,  red 
beside  the  black,  the  danger  signal 
near  the  drink  of  death,  and  so  the 
father  was  saved. 

Warnings  of  Medical  Science* 

The  Irish  Temperance  League 
Journal  shows  what  a  mocker  wine 
is  in  the  following  list  of  excuses  for 
using  drink  as  a  medicine,  with  the 
answers  made  by  great  doctors  to 
their  self-deceiving  words: 

Mr.  A. — I  must  have  a  little  wine 
because  my  blood  is  poor.  Dr.  Kerr: 
Alcohol  injures  the  blood. 

Mr.  B. — I  can't  do  without  a  little 
because  I  sufifer  from  indigestion.  Dr. 
Bowman  :     Alcohol  retards  digestion. 

Mr.  C. — I  have  brain  fever  and  I 
need  alcohol.  Sir  Henry  Thompson : 
Of  all  the  people  who  cannot  stand 
alcohol  it  is  the  brain  workers. 

Mr.  D. — I  am  rather  nervous  and, 
therefore,  I  take  a  little.  Dr.  Brunton : 
The  effect  of  alcohol  upon  the  nervous 
system  is  to  paralyze  it. 

Mr.  E. — I  suffer  with  my  liver,  so 
I  take  a  little  occasionally.  Dr.  Nor- 
man Kerr  :    Alcohol  hardens  the  liver. 

Mr.  F. — I  am  a  victim  to  kidney 
disease,  which  is  my  reason  for  tak- 
ing alcohol.  Dr.  Norman  Kerr:  Al- 
cohol destroys  the  kidneys. 

Mr.  G.— I  am  weak  and  need  some- 
thing to  strengthen  my  muscles.  Sir 
B.  Richardson  :  The  action  of  alcohol 
is  to  lessen  the  muscular  power. 

Mr.  H. — I  have  to  work  in  a  cool 
place,  and  must  have  some  alcohol  to 
warm  me.  Dr.  John  Rae :  The 
greater  the  cold  the  more  injurious 
is  the  use  of  alcohol. 

Mr.  I. — I  don't  get  enough  food,  so 
I  rely  i^pon  a  little  alcohol  to  supply 
extra  food  to  nourish  me.  Dr.  J.  C. 
Reid  :  There  is  no  support  to  the  body 
in  the  u:=e  of  alcohol. 

Mr.  J — I  have  to  undergo  an  oper- 


ation and  I  must  take  a  little.  Dr. 
Bantock :  I  believe  that  all  surgical 
operations  are  safer  without  alcohol. 

Mrs.  K. — I  have  a  little  babe  to 
nurse,  and  therefore  I  have  to  take 
"stout."  Dr.  Heywood  Smith:  It  is 
a  popular  mistake  to  think  that  the 
drinking  of  "stout"  makes  you  better 
nurses. 

Mr.  L. — I  feel  low  sometimes,  so  it 
is  needful  for  me.  Dr.  Wilkes :  Alco- 
hol is  a  depresser,  and  people  are 
under  a  delusion  who  think  otherwise. 

Mr.  M.— I  am  rather  "run  down," 
and  I  have  to  take  a  little  alcohol  to 
build  me  up.  "The  Lancet:"  As  an 
agent  for  producing  degeneration 
alcohol  is  unrivalled. 

Mr.  N. — I  have  a  weak  heart — 
that  is  my  reason.  Dr.  Sims  Wood- 
head  :  I  never  use  brandy  for  heart ; 
hot  milk  is  better. 

Mr.  O. — I  have  a  complication  of 
complaints.  I  am  forced  to  take  it. 
Dr.  Dickson,  Canada :  Alcohol  is  the 
most  destructive  agent  to  every  organ 
and  tissue  of  the  body,  either  in  a 
state  of  health  or  disease. 

Another  Delusion* 

Another  way  in  which  wine  has 
long  been  a  successful  mocker  is  in 
the  plea  so  often  made  by  men  whose 
liberal  education  should  have  taught 
them  better,  that  the  desire  for  intoxi- 
cants is  a  universal  human  craving 
that  will  be  satisfied  in  one  way  if  not 
another,  and  therefore  we  might  as 
well  stop  our  efforts  whether  for  vol- 
untary abstinence  or  enforced  prohibi  - 
tion.  Temperance  Sunday  is  a  good 
time  to  deal  this  ignorant  plea  a  death 
blow,  by  making  the  cheering  fact 
universally  known,  that  half  the 
world's  population  never  tasted  alco- 
hol in  any  form,  nor  their  fathers  nor 
grandfathers  before  them.  Total 
abstinence  is  one  great  virtue  of  Hin- 
duism, Buddhism  and  Mohammedan- 
ism,   which,   together,    present    about 


66 


JVorld  Book  of  Temperance. 


700,000,000  of  living  refutations  of 
the  lazy  plea  that  it  is  no  use  to  work 
against  the  drink  curse,  because  all 
peoples  are  under  its  spell.  White 
men  are  breaking  down  this  one  vir- 
tue in  hundreds  of  natives,  witii 
whom  they  associate  in  military,  civil 
and  educational  circles,  but  it  is  only 
hundreds  among  millions  of  these 
Oriental  abstainers  that  have  yet 
been  corrupted,  and  Temperance 
Sunday  ought  to  be  so  used  as  to  stay 
the  tide  of  rum  and  opium  that  is 
pouring  into  pagan  lands  from 
so-called  "Christian  lands,"  whose 
bad  men  do  this  hellish  work  under 
permission  of  "Christian  govern- 
ments," because  "Christian  citizens," 
who  have  the  ability,  and  so  the 
responsibilty  to  stop  it,  are  too  busy 
with  the  mint,  anise  and  cummin  of 
religion  to  attend  to  this  "weightier 
matter  of  the  law." 

"Whosoever  is  deceived  thereby  is 
not  wise"  (Revision,  erreth  thereby). 
On  the  top  of  a  London  omnibus  the 
conductor  said  to  a  preacher  whose 
fare  he  was  collecting,  "I  haven't 
forgotten  what  you  said,  sir,  about  the 
mirage."  The  clergyman  looked  up 
and  said,  "I  don't  remember."  "It 
was  at  the  midnight  service,  sir.  You 
preached  about  the  mirage  becoming 
a  pool,  and  it's  never  left  my  mind 
since."  "So  the  text  has  remained  in 
your  mind  for  six  months,"  remarked 
the  clergyman,  his  heart  glad  to  find 
that  the  seed  was  taking  root.  "Tell 
me  something  more  about  yourself  and 
this  sermon."  "You  see,  sir,"  went 
on  the  mait  very  earnestly,  "I've  been 
a  soldier,  and  I've  traveled  a  deal,  and 
I've  seen  the  mirage,  and  it  was  just 
as  you  described.  You  couldn't  help 
being  taken  in.  You  thought  as  there 
was  water,  and,  lo,  and  behold,  when 
you  rushed  up,  it  seemed  to  slip  away 
from  you,  like.  And  when  you  said  as 
there  was  lots  of  things  as  cheated  us 
similar,  I  seed  it  as  I'd  never  seed  it 


before."  Wine  and  all  alcoholic  drinks 
are  such  a  mirage  in  the  journey  of 
life.  They  promise  to  slake  our  thirst, 
only  to  increase  it.  They  promise  to 
"drown  our  sorrow,"  and  they  bring 
new  sorrows. 

William  Jennings  Bryan,  in  a  speech 
before  the  Legislature  of  Oklahoma, 
said,  "One  proverb  I  have  often  quoted 
is,  'The  wise  man  foreseeth  the  evil 
and  hideth  himself,  but  the  foolish 
pass  on  and  are  punished.'  It  is  a 
great  truth,  and  beautifully  expressed, 
but  I  found  it  did  not  stick  in  people's 
minds,  and  so  I  condensed  it,  and  it  is 
the  only  effort  I  have  ever  made  to 
improve  upon  a  proverb;  and  this  is 
not  an  improvement,  it  is  merely  a 
condensation.  It  is  not  as  beautiful  as 
Solomon's  proverb,  but  more  easily 
remembered.  It  means  the  same  thing 
in  a  condensed  form,  'The  wise  man 
gets  the  idea  into  his  head,  the  foolish 
man  gets  it  in  the  neck.'  " 

A  homely  but  most  pertinent  illus- 
tration of  the  folly  of  those  who  are 
"deceived"  into  gradual  enslavement 
to  drink  is  the  following  sketch  by 
Judson  Ivempton,  from  the  Endeavor 
XA^orld  : 

"That  sticky  fly-paper  there," 
remarked  Uncle  'Lijah,  as  he  pulled 
his  Chicago  paper  out  of  his  pocket 
and  sat  down  in  his  accustomed  place 
in  the  grocery  store,  "is  a  good  'eel 
like  what  the  preacher  calls, 'vice,'  and 
I  wonder  why  he  ain't  never  brung 
it  in  his  sermon. 

"Now,  you  take  that  fly  jist  lit  on 
the  aidge,  an'  watch  him  awhile.  He's 
as  frisky  as  a  colt.  Runs  his  suckin'- 
machine  down  on  everything  in  sight, 
but  yit  he's  ready  to  stop  work  any 
minute  to  play  a  game  of  tag  with 
any  other  fly. 

"Shoo  him  oflf,  an'  he  ain't  a  bit 
scared  of  your  hand,  big  as  it  is,  but 
lights  on  the  top  of  it,  an'  goes  to 
work  suckin'  at  the  pores  an'  scatterin' 
mycrobes  all  over  it. 


Whosoever  is  Deceived  Thereby  is  Not  Wise. 


67 


"Shoo  him  ag'in,  an'  back  he  goes 
to  the  fly-paper.  He  sees  it's  all  cov- 
ered over  with  dead  victims.  He  sees 
they's  a  ho'  lot  more  that  'ud  give 
their  legs  an'  their  wings  ef  they  cud 
git  away.  He  hears  'em  buzzin',  an' 
sees  'em  pullin',  an'  yankin',  an'  tryin' 
to  git  out ;   but  he,  he  don't  care. 

"He  thinks  he  can  walk  all  over 
that  fly-paper  ef  he  wants  to ;  thinks 
he  kin  wade  right  through  it. 

"Says  he,  'Why,  I  ain't  like  them 
fellers  ;  they  don't  know  when  to  stop, 
but  I  can  take  it  up  an'  leave  it  off 
whenever  I  want  to.  I'm  a-goin'  to 
light  on  there  anyhow  an'  when  I 
feel  that  it's  a-gettin'  too  strong  a 
hold  on  me,  I'll  simply  let  go  an'  get 
away  in  time.' 

"So  there  you  see  him  light.  Fer  a 
minit  it  seems  all  right.  Says  he, 
'There's  nuthin'  wrong  with  this :  It 
ain't  hot,  an'  it  ain't  cold,  an'  it  ain't 
no  spider's  web.' 

"Then  he  goes  to  move,  an'  he  finds 
his  leg  sticks.  He  goes  to  pull  back, 
an'  his  front  feet  won't  budge. 

"He  gets  a  little  scared,  an'  tries  to 
fly.     He  can't  git  off. 

"Then  he  makes  the  biggest  an'  the 
wildest  effort  he  ever  made  in  his  life. 
He  works  his  wings  so  you  can  hear 
him  all  over  the  store.  He  wiggles 
his  legs  till  he's  red  in  the  face.  He 
gits  up  a  little  ways,  but  his  suckin' 
old  feet  still  hold  on. 

"The  thought  comes  over  him  that 
he'll  never  fly  ag'in.  He  says,  *I  will, 
if  I  have  to  lift  this  whole  ten-acre 
sheet  of  tangle-foot!'  An'  he  makes 
one  last  buzz  that  sounds  away  up  in 
G  sharp. 

"But  nothin'  moves.  The  paper  is 
just  as  flat  as  ever.  The  fly  next  him 
that's  a-layin'  on  its  side,  an'  can't 
move  anything  but  its  winkers,  closes 

See  Class  riedgc 


one  eye  as  much  as  to  say,  'You 
might  as  well  give  up  tryin'  to  reform, 
an'  settle  down  with  me.'  The  rest  of 
'em  don't  pay  any  attention  to  his 
struggles. 

"So  pretty  soon  he  gives  up  hope, 
settles  back,  gets  his  wings  daubed  till 
they  won't  buzz  any  more ;  an'  pretty 
soon  all  he  can  do  is  to  make  a  few 
weak  motions  with  his  legs. 

"Then  he  sees  another  young  fly 
hoverin'  over  the  trap.  Do  you  think 
he  gives  him  warning  an'  tells  him 
to  keep  away?  No,  sirree,  he  don't. 
No  more  than  a  victim  of  drink,  or 
gambling,  or  European  Sundays,  or 
any  low-down  vice,  will  warn  off  his 
fellow  man. 

"What's  that?  Flies  can't  commu- 
nicate with  other  flies?  Well,  then, 
that  shows  that  some  humans  that  call 
themselves  'good  fellows'  are  really, 
when  you  git  down  to  it,  smaller- 
hearted  than  the  flies !" 

The  Bishop's  Bottle  and  Bible. 

A  certain  bishop,  years  ago,  was 
strongly  oppo'sed  to  prohibition,  and 
his  sideboard  was  lined  with  brandy, 
wine,  etc.  On  one  occasion  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Perkins,  of  the  Sons  of  Temper- 
ance, dined  with  the  Bishop,  who, 
pouring  out  a  glass  of  wine,  desired 
him  to  d'rink  with  him. 

"Can't  do  it,  Bishop.  'Wine  is  a 
mocker.'  " 

"Take  a  glass  of  brandy,  then." 
"No.     'Strong  drink  is  raging.'  " 
By  this  time  the  Bishop,  becoming 
excited,    remarked    to    Mr.    Perkins, 
"You'll  pass  the  decanter  to  the  gen- 
tleman next  to  vou." 

"No,  Bishop,  i  can't  do  that.  'Woe 
unto  him  that  putteth  the  bottle  to  his 
neighbor's  lips.'  " 

at  eud  of  book. 


68 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


"For  the  drunkard  and  the  glutton 
shall  come  to  poverty"  (Prov.  23:  20, 
21).  This  old,  old  story  of  rum  and 
rags  comes  very  near  to  a  man  when 
the  drunkenness  of  some  relative  puts 
a  whole  family  on  him  for  support. 
The  slums  lead  a  few  to  rum — that  is 
the  quarter  truth  in  Henry  George's 
view  that  drunkenness  is  the  result  of 
poverty— but  three-fourths  of  the 
dependents  were  made  so  by  some- 
body's drinking,  by  which  he  first 
wasted  his  money,  and  then  lost  his 
chance  to  earn  it.  Here  it  is  appro- 
priate to  set  before  the  boys  the  tre- 
mendous argument  for  abstinence 
from  the  new  policy  of  railroads,  which 
have  lost  so  much  by  accidents  due 
to  drink  that  they  now  generally 
require  abstinence  in  their  employees, 
as  is  seen  in  the  following  summary 
of  replies  made  in  1901  by  forty-nine 
railroads,  to  inquiries  as  to  what  their 
rules  were  as  to  hiring  drinking  men. 
"Total  abstinence  on  or  off  duty  was 
required  by  the  rules  of  twenty  of 
these  roads ;  two  declared  they  will 
not  employ  a  man  who  drinks,  if  they 
know  it ;  four  declared  total  absti- 
nence necessary  to  safety  in  operating 
the  road,  while  nineteen  gave  the  pref- 
erence to  teetotalers  in  promotions,  so 
that  practically  all  of  the  railroads  of 
the  country  adhered  to  the  total  absti- 
nence standard.  Of  the  forty-nine 
replies,  only  two  had  rules  merely 
against  "intemperance."  Every  year 
since  railroads  have  taken  stronger 
grounds  for  abstinence. 

In  these  days,  when  it  is  often  hard 
to  find  employment,  no  boy  can  afford 
to  make  his  chances  less  by  a  habit 
which  in  more  than  half  the  industrial 
establishments  of  the  United  States, 
as  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Labor  has 
shown,  will  be  counted  against  him. 


"Who 

hath 

woe? 

Who 

hath 

sorrow  ? 

Who 

hath 

contentions? 

Who  hath 

babbling? 

W;ho  hath 

wounds  w 

thout 

cause? 

Who 

hath 

redness  of 

eyes? 

They 

that  tarry  long 

at  the 

wine." 

These  zvords  have  been  called  'The 
drunkard's  looking-glass."  I  fear  he  does 
not  look  into  it  very  often,  because  it  is  to 
be  found  in  the  Bible. 

When  he  does  look,  he  will  discover  that 
he  has  heart  disease — "sorrow." 

He  has  something  worse  than  Saint 
Vitus'  dance  in  his  arms  and  legs,  for 
when  he  is  not  reeling  about,  he  is  pretty 
sure  to  be  kicking  and  fighting. 


Mr.  W.  M.  Ferguson,  in  National  Pro- 
hibitionist, Sept.  17,  1908:  "The  moral  life 
of  a  nation  is  infinitely  more  important  than 
the  conservation  of  its  resources,  the  ex- 
pansion of  its  territory  or  the  development 
of  its  commerce.  A  nation  may  be  poor 
but  great  and  enduring.  A  nation  that  is 
immoral  is  doomed  to  overthrow  and 
oblivion.  The  immoral  taint  of  the  drink 
traffic  poisons  all  our  national  life.  Not 
only  does  it  create  a  great  army  of  drunk- 
ards, of  whose  powers  for  progress  the 
body  politic  is  robbed,  and  who  become  a 
mill-stone  upon  the  nation's  neck;  not  only 
does  it  blight  innumerable  homes  and  de- 
prive uncounted  thousands  of  children  of 
the  opportunities  of  life  and  happiness,  but 
it  degrades  all  our  moral  standards ;  it  dulls 
our  moral  perception;  it  vitiates  our  moral 
aspirations ;  it  makes  us  a  nation  of  saloon- 
keepers, with  the  consciences  and  moral 
standards  of  saloonkeepers  in  public  mat- 
ters." 


Prohibition  for  twenty-five  days,  from 
May  I,  1908,  in  Worcester,  Mass.,  makes 
a  remarkable  showing.  The  total  number 
of  arrests  for  drunkenness  in  this  city  of 
140,000  for  the  twenty-five  days,  May  i  to 
25,  1907,  under  license,  was  356.  For  the 
twenty-five  days  under  Prohibition,  May 
I  to  25,  1908,  the  arrests  for  drunkenness 
were  73.  The  arrests  for  individual  days 
have  already  frequently  shown  still  more 
astonishing  variations.  For  the  twenty- 
four  hours  ending  Tuesday,  May  26,  1908, 
at  I  a.  m..  there  was  only  one  arrest  for 
drunkenness  recorded,  as  compared  with 
twenty-two  arrests  for  drunkenness  in 
1007  during  the  same  twenty-four  hours 
under  license, 


"they    that   tarry    long    at   the    wine  ;    THEY    THAT    GO    TO    SEEK    MIXED    WINE. 

Wisdom^s  Warnings  Against  Wine* 


Proverbs 

29  Who  hath  woe?  who  hath  sorrow? 
who  hath  contentions?  Who  hath  com- 
plaining? who  hath  wounds  without  cause? 
Who  hath  redness  of  eyes?  30  They  that 
tarry  long  at  the  wine ;  they  that  go  to 
seek   out   mixed   wine.     31    Look  not  thou 


23:  29-33. 

upon  the  wine  when  it  is  red,  when  it 
sparkleth  in  the  cup,  when  it  goeth  down 
smoothly :  32  At  the  last  it  biteth  like  a 
serpent,  and  stingeth  like  an  adder,  z?) 
Thine  eyes  shall  behold  strange  things,  and 
thy   heart   shall   utter   perverse   things. 


'Golden  Text:    At  the  last  it  biteth  like  a  serpent,   and  stingeth   like  an  adder. — 

Prov.  23 :  32. 


"Who  hath  ivocl 
rozvf"      Literally, 


Who  hath  sor- 
Who  hath  Oh? 
Who  hath  Alas?  The  Bible  answers 
that  it  is  the  very  tipplers  whose  motto 
is,  "A  short  life  but  a  happy  one!" 
That  even  moderate  drinking  shortens 
life,  insurance  tables  declare.  If  the 
drink  does  not  bring  even  gladness, 
but  rather  "woe"  and  "sorrow,"  what 
do   drinkers   get   in   return   for   their 


money  ?  They  pay  a  billion  and  a  half 
a  year  in  the  United  States  alone. 
When  the  nation  was  founded,  scarcely 
anybody  doubted  that  the  drinker  got 
a  threefold  return  for  his  money, 
namely,  food,  medicine  and  joy. 

Liquid  Bread, 

When  the  Declaration  of  Independ- 
ence was  written,  few,  if  any,  would 


70 


IVorld  Book  of  Temperance. 


have  questioned  that  the  right  to  "hfe, 
hberty  and  the  pursuit  of  happiness," 
included  the  right  to  drink.  AlcohoHc 
beverages  were  considered  ''liquid 
bread,"  quite  as  much  as  milk  is  to- 
day. Beer  is  still  called  "the  poor 
man's  bread,"  which  seems  like  satire, 
in  view  of  the  fact  that  if  the  alleged 
"nutrition"  of  the  barley  sediment  be 
admitted — and  it  is  not — it  would  take 
to  fill  a  flour  barrel  313  gallons  of  beer 
— equivalent  to  buying  flour  at  $250.40 
per  barrel.  Few  have  even  pretended, 
in  the  last  half  century,  to  drink  for 
the  sake  of  "nutrition,"  Professor 
Atwater  has  recently  revived  some- 
what the  generally  abandoned  theory 
that  alcohol  has  a  "food  value."  He 
has  not  claimed  that  it  builds  flesh  or 
bone,  but  only  that  it  produces  heat 
energy  and  is,  therefore,  a  food,  in 
the  sense  of  fuel — a  very  dangerous 
fuel,  he  has  admitted.  The  National 
Educational  Convention,  after  full 
consideration,  voted  his  theory  "not 
proven,"  and  so  the  tippler  who  is 
really  after  "fuddle,"  will  still  be 
unable  to  pretend  he  is  drinking  food. 

**  Drinking  Health/' 

Nor  can  he  longer  pass  the  claim 
that  in  self-prescribed  social  bever- 
ages he  is  drinking  to  anybody's 
"health."  All  that  science  has  left 
him  is  the  claim  that  he  gets  the  equiv- 
alent of  his  money  in  enjoyment.  But 
the  Bible  and  experience  declare  that 
this  claim  is  as  false  as  the  others. 
It  is  "woe"  and  "sorrow"  he  gets  for 
his  investments  in  intoxicants.  The 
temporary  pleasure  is  but  the  froth 
on  the  cup,  whose  dregs  are  headache 
and  heartache. 

Whatever  may  be  the  case  in  other 
countries,  or  with  older  people  in  this 
country,  there  is  little  danger  that  our 
boys,  with  scientific  temperance  edu- 
cation in  nearly  all  our  schools,  will 
adopt  the  drink  habit  for  the  sake  of 
strength  or  health.     They  know  too 


well  that  the  rule  of  the  athlete,  train- 
ing for  some  great  test  of  strength,  is 
to  avoid  intoxicants.  The  ancient 
error  embodied  in  the  name  "strong 
drink,"  has  thus  been  canceled  for 
them.  If  they  drink,  it  will  be  because 
they  think  it  is  the  way  to  "have  a 
good  time."  We  shall  save  the  new 
generation,  if  we  can  prove  to  our 
boys — and  girls,  too — that  "wine  is  a 
mocker,"  no  less  when  it  promises 
happiness  than  when  it  promises 
health.  This  international  lesson  is 
an  opportunity  to  prove  this  all  round 
the  world,  at  a  time  when  the  drink 
habit  is  declared  by  a  Commission  of 
the  British  Parliament,  and  by  mis- 
sionaries, to  be  increasing  almost 
everywhere.  Every  teacher  should, 
by  earnest  preparation  and  prayer, 
resolve  that  every  member  of  his  class 
shall  be  fully  persuaded  by  the  facts 
he  will  marshal,  that  wine  brings 
"woe"  for  both  worlds.  There  is  no 
other  available  world  force  that  could 
do  so  much  to  turn  back  the  rising 
tide  of  drink  as  the  faithful  use  of  the 
Quarterly  Temperance  Lessons. 

Drink  Promotes  Strife* 

"Who  hath  contentionsf"  First  of 
all,  the  drinker  has  inward  "conten- 
tions" in  conscience,  such  as  are 
described  in  Rom.  7 :  19  ff.  He  is  for- 
ever warring  against  God  and  against 
his  nobler  self.  No  soul  can  rest  that 
is  not  right.  Nothing  causes  deeper 
"woe"  and  "sorrow"  than  such  self- 
reproach.  It  is  also  the  nature  of 
alcohol  to  prompt  the  drinker  to  fool- 
ish quarrels  with  others.  A  fire  with- 
out fuel  would  be  hardly  more  unusual 
than  a  fight  without  drink.  Alcohol 
produces  discord  as  inevitably  as  an 
organ  produces  music.  Surely  that 
which  multiplies  quarrels  does  not 
multiply  joy.  The  Chicago  Tribune, 
in  an  argument  for  high  license,  said : 
"The  saloon  business  adds  more  than 
any  other  to  the  work  of  the  police." 


IVisdom's  Warnings  Against  Wine. 


n 


That  ought  to  be  sufficient  reason  for 
prohibiting  it,  as  other  crimes  that 
require  the  attention  of  the  pohce  are 
prohibited — many  of  them  but  chil- 
dren of  what  Senator  Merrill  called 
"the  crime  of  crimes."  Abraham  Lin- 
coln said,  "The  liquor  traffic  is  a  can- 
cer on  society,  eating  out  its  vitals, 
and  threatening  destruction,  and  all 
attempts  to  regulate  it  will  aggravate 
the  evil.  There  must  be  no  attempt 
to  regulate  the  cancer ;  it  must  be 
eradicated,  not  a  root  must  be  left 
behind ;  for  until  this  is  done,  all 
classes  must  continue  in  danger  of 
becoming  victims  of  strong  drink." 

In  a  New  Jersey  town  where  there 
were  not  enough  school-houses,  a 
saloonkeeper  offered  his  rear  room 
for  a  school,  and  when  chairs  gave  out 
the  children  saf  on  beer  kegs.  Let 
this  remind  us  that  every  saloon  is  a 
school,  teaching  old  and  young  "con- 
tentions" and  every  other  sin ;  teach- 
ing them  also  to  compromise  with  sins 
that  are  hard  to  suppress. 


The  Folly  of  It. 


"Who  hath  babblingsf"  The  Re- 
vised Version  translates,  "Who  hath 
complaining?"  It  is  the  drinker  who 
has  both  in  abundance.  "Wine  in, 
wit  out."  He  puts  "an  enemy  in  his 
mouth  to  steal  away  his  brains."  The 
talk  one  hears  in  a  saloon  is  indeed 
"babbling,"  such  as  the  revelation  of 
family  secrets  to  strangers,  with 
effusive  expressions  of  love  to  boon- 
companions,  and  there  is  no  little 
"complaining"  about  the  lost  job,  the 
better  condition  of  those  who  are  not 
supporting  saloonkeepers,  and  about 
the  mothers  and  wives  who  object  to 
the  debauching  of  husbands  and  sons. 
Much  of  the  anarchistic  discontent 
comes  from  those  who  have  wasted 
their  substance  in  riotous  living. 
"Where  is  your  carriage?"  said  the 
anarchistic  demagogue  from  his  dry- 


goods  box  street  pulpit  to  his  crowd 
of  tramps  and  loafers.  "The  rum- 
seller's  got  mine,"  said  one  of  his  half- 
drunk  auditors.  Of  the  "babblings" 
worst  of  all  are  the  horrible  cursing 
and  the  filthy  stories.  "The  whole 
head  is  sick,"  brain  and  tongue  alike. 
Surely  that  is  not  the  way  to  have  "a 
good  time." 

A  young  business  man  was  cured 
of  the  drinking  habit,  as  we  have 
told  elsewhere  in  this  book,  l)y  a 
friend  taking  notes  at  the  next  table 
in  a  cafe  of  his  conversation  with  a 
stranger,  in  which  he  revealed  private 
matters  with  reference  to  his  business 
and  family  that  he  would  never  have 
told  in  his  sober  moments. 

This  suggests  that  the  machine  of 
Dr.  Marage,  of  Paris,  for  photograph- 
ing the  voice,  an  improvement  on  the 
phonograph,  might  be  enlisted  as  a 
temperance  agency.  A  badly  blotched 
photograph  shows  how  a  certain  con- 
versation looked  that  had  been  repro- 
duced by  this  instrument,  and  suggests 
how  a  drunken  man's  "babbling"  would 
look  in  either  instrument.  Most  men 
are  guilty  of  sufficient  folly  in  their 
sober  moments  without  artificially 
multiplying  the  follies  by  filling  the 
sensitive  brain  with  alcohol,  for  which 
it  has  a  strong  affinity.  Alcohol  likes 
the  brain,  but  the  brain  ought  not  to 
like  alcohol,  but  rather  recognize  in  it 
a  dangerous  enemy. 

"Who  hath  wounds  without  cause  f" 
When  Theodore  Roosevelt,  as  Police 
Commissioner  of  New  York,  closed 
the  Sunday  saloons,  he  thereby  thinned 
out  the  hospitals,  a  striking  reminder 
of  the  fact  that  many  wounds  are  due 
to  drink,  as  well  as  many  diseases. 
If  we  would  close  the  saloons  we 
might,  no  doubt,  turn  half  our  hospi- 
tals into  schools,  of  which  many  cities 
have  too  few  because  taxes  are  so 
largely  used  up  on  the  consequences 
of  drink.  "What  will  you  have?" 
says  one  young  man  to  another  at  the 


72 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


bar.  "You  will  have  woe,  and  sor- 
row, and  contentions,  and  wounds 
without  cause,"  says  the  Word  of  God. 
Centuries  of  history  say  the  same. 
Not  that  every  drinker  will  surely 
come  to  drunkenness,  or  even  to  alco- 
holism, but  every  drinker  is  setting  an 
example  and  maintaining  a  custom 
that  will  surely  bring  others  to  woe 
and  sorrow  in  any  case.  "No  man  has 
a  moral  right  to  do  what,  if  all  the 
world  follows  his  example,  would  pro- 
duce more  harm  than  good,"  And 
when  one  does  for  selfish  pleasure 
what  is  sure  to  bring  sorrow  to  others, 
he  is  a  traitor  to  the  brotherhood  of 
man.  One  of  the  most  terrible  of  the 
destroyers  now  used  in  war  is  the  self- 
propelling  torpedo,  which  is  launched 
as  a  submarine  boat,  and  goes  swiftly 
beneath  the  water  to  an  enemy's  ship 
lying  far  away,  to  blow  it  suddenly 
into  the  air  with  all  on  board.  The 
bottle  is  such  a  torpedo,  shot  from  the 
brewery  or  the  distillery  to  destroy 
the  prosperity  and  happiness  of  the 
'home.  As  the  ancient  Slavs  buried 
some  human  being  alive,  as  a  sacri- 
fice, under  the  cornerstone  of  every 
important  building,  so  every  saloon 
lays  its  foundations  in  the  blood  of 
broken-hearted  mothers  and  children, 
and  ruined  young  men. 

There  is  a  crippled  boy!  What 
made  him  so?  A  drunken  nurse 
dropped  him  in  babyhood.  There  is 
a  man  with  one  leg  gone !  You  will 
embarrass  him  if  you  ask  him  if  he 
lost  it  fighting  for  his  country,  for  it 
was  amputated  by  a  street  car  when 
he  was  too  drunk  to  get  out  of  the 
way.  There  is  a  wife  and  mother  with 
one  eye  gone !  It  was  gouged  out  in 
drunken  fury  by  the  man  who  had 
promised  to  love  and  cherish  her.  Bot- 
tles have  made  more  wounds  than 
bullets,  and  the  scars  of  the  former 
are  not  badges  of  honor  but  of  shame. 
Surely  these  "wounds"  mean  "woe." 

"Who  hath  redness  of  eyes?"     Al- 


cohol assails  every  part  of  the  body, 
but  the  red  flag  of  danger  is  most 
distinctly  seen  in  the  face.  A  recent 
test  of  Swiss  soldiers  in  marksman- 
ship showed  that  total  abstainers  are 
the  best  shots.  Drink  mars  the  eye 
for  work  as  well  as  for  beauty.  And 
it  is  drink  that  creates  more  than  any- 
thing else  the  "lust  of  the  eyes." 

"They  that  tarry  long  at  the  zmne." 
From  the  beginning  it  has  been  the 
tendency  of  drink  to  create  the  crav- 
ing for  more.  When  one  has  eaten 
abundantly,  he  wants  no  more  till 
another  meal-time,  but  every  glass  of 
intoxicants  increases  appetite.  When 
there  is  added  the  attraction  of  social 
companions,  in  a  pleasant  room,  with 
music  and  amusements,  it  is  easy  to 
"tarry  long"  in  the  "saloon,"  the  loaf- 
ing, treating,  plotting  resort  which 
intensifies  all  the  evils  of  drink,  and 
is  found  in  its  worst  form  in  fhe  very 
countries  that  profess  to  be  the  best. 
In  abject  slavery  to  a  foolish  custom, 
the  man  who  does  not  wish  to  drink, 
or  would  stop  at  one  glass,  drinks  four 
or  five  rounds,  in  order  that  every 
member  of  the  party  may  take  his  turn 
in  treating.  I3esides  the  waste  of 
money,  what  waste  of  precious  time, 
what  loss  of  work,  there  is  in  this 
long  and  worse  than  useless  tarrying 
over  the  wine  or  beer  or  whiskey ! 
"Time  is  money"  in  a  very  literal 
sense,  and  enough  time  is  wasted  in 
drinking,  and  the  loafing  and  sickness 
that  go  with  it,  to  change  poverty  to 
plenty  in  drunkards'  homes. 

"They  that  go  to  seek  mixed  zvine'* 
Even  in  the  days  of  Solomon  they 
began  to  "mix  drinks"  and  adulterate 
them,  and  it  is  now  almost  impossible 
to  be  sure  that  any  drink  is  what  it  is 
called.  In  the  Paris  World's  Fair,  a 
lurid  light  was  thrown  on  these  false 
pretenses,  when  the  French  refused 
to  allow  the  exhibition  of  American 
and  other  wines  labeled  as  French. 
However,  let  no  one  think  the  evils  of 


Wisdom's  Warnings  Against  Wine. 


73 


drink  lie  chiefly  in  the  adulterations. 
Dr.  Janevvay,  of  New  York,  second  to 
none  as  a  medical  authority,  said  to 
the  writer,  "The  worst  thing  ever  put 
in  drink  is  alcohol." 

"Look  not  upon  the  wine  when  it  is 
red"  (that  is,  fermented).  Here  is  a 
command  to  abstinence,  stronger  than 
any  modern  pledge.  We  are  to  keep 
not  alone  our  lips  but  our  very  eyes 
from  the  wine.  And  this  is  well, 
for,  as 

There's  life  for  a  look  at  the  Crucified  One, 

there  is  often  death  in  a  look  that  leads 
to  lust  and  liquor.  In  the  front  store 
window  of  a  dealer  in  wines  placards 
were  displayed,  upon  which  were  let- 
tered the  words,  "Come  in  and  look ! 
You  will  not  be  expected  to  buy!" 
How  like  the  familiar  ditty,  "'Will 
you  walk  into  my  parlor?'  said  the 
spider  to  the  fly ! 

How  a  Boy  Conquered  Tempta- 
tion* 

Little  Henry  had  been  very  sick. 
When  he  was  slowly  getting  better, 
and  was  just  able  to  be  up  and  about 
the  room,  he  was  left  alone  a  short 
time.  His  sister  came  in  eating  a 
piece  of  cake.  Henry's  mama  had 
told  him  that  he  must  eat  nothing  but 
what  she  gave  him,  because  it  would 
not  be  safe  for  him  to  have  what  other 
children  did  till  he  was  stronger.  He 
was  hungry ;  the  cake  did  look  so 
good ;  he  wanted  very  much  to  take 
a  bite  of  it,  and  the  kind  sister  would 
gladly  have  given  it  to  him.  "Jennie," 
he  said,  "you  must  run  right  out  of 
the  room  away  froin  me  with  that 
cake,  and  I'll  keep  my  eyes  shut  while 
you  go,  so  that  I  sha'n't  want  it."  It 
is  half  the  battle  to  keep  our  eyes  from 
lingering  on  the  things  that  would 
harm  us.  Here  we  see  one  of  the 
chief  benefits  of  Prohibition.  Where 
liquor  selling  is  forbidden,  it  cannot  be 
set  in  windows  to  tempt  the  passer-by. 
To  say  that  Prohibition  does  not  les- 


sen sales,  would  be  to  say  that  busi- 
ness men  do  not  know  their  business 
when  they  set  their  goods  attractively 
in  costly  show  windows,  and  it  would 
also  imply  that  laws  enabling  men  to 
collect  legal  debts  are  useless.  The 
outlawed  saloon  has  no  rights  in  the 
courts. 

"When  it  sparkleth  in  the  cup." 
Here  we  have  the  same  thought  that 
Solomon  put  in  another  passage, 
"Wine  is  a  mocker."  For  ages  it 
fooled  men  with  its  claim  that  it  was 
a  joy-bringer,  a  health-and-strength 
giver.  Some  think  the  same  drink 
cools  them  in  Summer  and  warms 
them  in  Winter,  when  it  only  dulls 
their  senses,  like  chloroform,  so  that 
they  do  not  know  when  they  are  in 
peril  of  heat  or  cold.  The  arctic  trav- 
eler, Nansen,  was  guest  at  a  dinner 
of  medical  and  other  scientists,  held  in 
Munich,  A  neighbor  asked,  "Did  you 
take  any  alcohol  with  you  when  you 
left  the  Fram  to  make  your  heroic 
expedition  by  sledges?"  "No,"  said 
Nansen,  "for  if  I  had  done  so  I  should 
never  have  returned."  And  yet  so- 
called  statesmen  in  Washington  argue 
that  liquors  must  be  sold  in  Alaska 
because  it  is  so  cold,  and  in  the  Phil- 
ippines because  it  is  so  warm.  A 
patient  was  arguing  with  the  doctor 
on  the  necessity  of  his  taking-  a  stim- 
ulant. He  urged  that  he  was  weak 
and  needed  it.  Said  he,  "But,  doctor, 
I  must  have  some  kind  of  a  stimulant. 
I  am  cold,  and  it  warms  me."  "Pre- 
cisely," came  the  doctor's  crusty 
answer.  /'See  here.  This  stick  is 
cold,"  taking  up  a  stick  of  wood  from 
the  box  beside  the  hearth  and  tossing 
it  into  the  fire.  "Now  it  is  warm,  but 
is  the  stick  benefited?"  The  sick  man 
watched  the  wood  first  send  out  little 
puffs  of  smoke,  and  then  burst  into  a 
flame,  and  replied,  "Of  course  not.  It 
is  burning  itself."  "And  so  are  you 
when  you  warm  yourself  with  alcohol 
— you   are    literally   burning   up   the 


74 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


delicate  tissues  of  your  stomach  and 
brain."  "Wine  is  a  mocker"  also 
when  it  claims  to  be  a  stimulant.  Its 
first  effect  is  to  stimulate,  but  its  final 
work  is  depressant  when  nature  pays 
the  forced  loan  of  stimulation.  Beer 
is  also  a  mocker,  especially  when  it 
claims  to  be  a  harmless  drink.  What 
a  mocker  is  the  alcohol  in  patent  medi- 
cines that  makes  people  topers  under 
the  pretense  of  medicine! 

"At  the  last  it  biteth  like  a  serpent 
(this  is  the  general  term),  and  sting- 
eth  like  an  adder"  (an  exceedingly 
venomous  horned  snake).  When  the 
report  of  the  loss  of  the  Maine 
reached  this  country,  the  account  was 
given  also  of  the  dauntless  courage 
with  which  the  officers  and  sailors  met 
the  disaster.  One  man,  while  the 
thunder  of  the  explosion  was  still 
sounding  in  his  ears,  appeared  at  the 
door  of  Captain  Sigsbee's  cabin,  and, 
touching  his  cap,  said  calmly,  "Excuse 
me,  sir — I  have  to  report  that  the  ship 
has  blown  up,  and  is  sinking."  He 
had  faced  an  almost  certain  death  in 
order  to  save  the  Captain's  life.  When 
the  story  was  told,  the  heart  of  the 
nation  responded  with  a  proud  throb. 
Every  American  felt  honored  by  the 
courage  and  coolness  of  his  country- 
man, and  rejoiced  that  by  some  happy 
chance  he  was  among  the  few  who 
were  saved.  His  friends  gathered 
around  him ;  he  married,  and  a  child 
was  born.  He  had  but  one  enemy — 
himself.  He  drank  to  excess.  After 
the  destruction  of  the  Maine  he  came 
back  to  the  United  States,  and  received 
a  good  position.  He  loved  his  work, 
his  friends  and  his  wife ;  but  not 
work,  nor  friends,  nor  home  could 
drag  him  away  from  the  fatal  habit. 
Not  two  years  after  that  day  when, 
a  hero  among  heroes,  he  trod  the  deck 
of  the  sinking  ship,  he  sat  alone  in  a 
public  park  in  New  York,  a  miserable 
outcast,  who  for  liquor  had  given  up 


all  that  made  life  dear.  Mad  with 
want  and  despair,  he  kissed  the  pic- 
ture of  his  child,  and  put  an  end  to 
his  life — a  life  which  God  had  fitted 
him  to  make  happ)  and  noble. 

We  tell  this  true  story  to  American 
boys,  as  we  would  point  out  a  serpent 
hidden  by  the  path  along  which  they 
must  walk.  A  youn^  man,  some  years 
ago,  while  in  the  jungles  of  Africa 
with  an  exploring  party,  caught  a 
young  boa  constrictor,  which,  for 
amusement,  he  taught  some  wonder- 
ful tricks,  one  of  which  was  to  coil 
itself  about  his  feet  and  body,  and  as 
it  reached  above  his  head,  to  curve 
over  and  kiss  his  face,  and  then  at  a 
signal  drop  to  the  ground.  By  this 
popular  exhibition  in  England  he  made 
money,  and  then  formed  the  habit  of 
drinking.  One  night  he  gave  an  exhi- 
bition in  Manchester.  The  scene,  an 
African  jungle.  A  traveler  came  on 
the  stage,  stopped,  and  listened,  spell- 
bound. A  rustle  was  heard  as  of  a 
stealthily  moving  object,  and  there 
appeared  the  head  of  a  great  snake, 
with  eyes  like  fire.  It  crept  softly  to 
the  man,  wound  itself  about  him,  and 
brought  its  head  in  line  with  his  face. 
He  gave  the  signal,  but  the  serpent 
had  him  entirely  in  its  power,  and, 
tightening  its  coil  abotit  his  body, 
crushed  out  his  life.  Even  a  serpent 
knew  no  man  could  retain  his  mastery 
of  others  when  he  had  been  mastered 
by  drink.  How  many  tragedies  of 
young  lives  crushed  out  by  the  ser- 
pent of  drink  this  story  calls  up  in 
those  who  read  it!  At  first  sweet, 
at  last  a  serpent. 

"Thine  heart  shall  utter  perverse 
things."  Earlier  it  was  "babblings," 
now  it  is  the  ravings  of  delirium. 
Tongue  as  well  as  eyes  go  from  bad 
to  worse. 

"Thou  shalt  be  as  he  that  lieth  on 
the  top  of  a  mast."  Some  ancient  fish- 
ing boats  had  on  the  top  of  the  mast 


Tivcnticth  Century  Science  on  the  Alcohol  Question. 


a  small  outlook  made  of  netting,  called 
a  "crow's  nest,"  from  which  a  fisher- 
man could  watch  for  distant  schools 
of  fish.  With  the  boat  tossing  in  the 
waves  it  was  a  place  of  danger,  and  the 
man  on  lookout  must  be  ever  awake 
and  alert,  even  to  save  himself  from 
falling.  He  would  be  foolish,  indeed, 
who  would  lie  down  to  sleep  in  such  a 
nest.     The  Bible  says  the  position  of 


75 

the  tippler  is  equally  foolish  and  dan- 
gerous. 

Pledge,  Prayer,  Prohibition — these 
three  dykes  will  shut  out  the  drink 
flood.  Let  every  Sunday-school  cir- 
culate the  pledge  once  a  quarter — you 
in  your  class  in  any  case — and  let  us 
remember  that  the  pledge  must  be 
reinforced  by  prayer.  (See  pledge,  p. 
288.) 


TWENTIETH  CENTURY  SCIENCE  ON  THE  ALCOHOL  QUESTION. 

Contributed  by  the  Scientiftc  Temperance  Federation,  Boston,  Mass. 

of  the  benefit  actually  derived,  the  oxidation 
of  a  substance  in  the  body  entitles  it  to  a 
place  on  the  list  of  foods.  Certain  physi- 
ologists thought  alcohol  should  be  admitted 
under  this  definition.  Others  pointed  out 
that  other  poisons  which  it  would  be  absurd 
to  call  foods  would  have  to  be  admitted  on 
such  a  basis  of  classification.  There  is  yet 
no  generally  accepted  definition  of  food 
which  makes  the  necessary  distinction  be- 
tween substances  whose  nature  it  is  to 
nourish  the  body  without  injuring  it,  and 
those  whose  nature  it  is  to  injure  the  body 
without  nourishing  it. 

In  the  absence  of  a  definition,  the  question 
has  been  abundantly  answered  by  such  state- 
ments as  the  following  by  Prof.  Chittenden, 
of  Yale :  "It  is  quite  misleading  to  attempt 
a  classification  or  even  comparison  of  alcohol 
with  carbohydrates  and  fats,  since,  unlike 
the  latter,  alcohol  has  a  most  disturbing 
effect  upon  the  metabolism,  or  oxidation,  of 
the  purin  compounds  of  our  daily  food. 
Alcohol,  therefore,  presents  a  dangerous 
side,  wholly  wanting  in  carbohydrates  and 
fats." 

Professors  Chittenden  and  Mendel 
(Physiological  Aspects  of  the  Liquor  Prob- 
lem, Vol.  I.)  found  that  akoholic  liquors 
did  not  hasten,  but  rather  retarded  the  pro- 
cesses of  digestion.  Subsequent  investiga- 
tion has  confirmed  this  point.  The  Inter- 
nationale Monatsschrift  (organ  of  the  Ger- 
man Physicians'  Abstinence  Society)  pub- 
lished in  March,  1903.  a  review  of  five 
separate  researches  on  the  subject,  all  show- 
ing that  alcohol  increases  the  acidity  of  the 
gastric  juice  but  not  its  pepsin  constituent, 
and  that  the  use  of  alcohol  is  liable  to  bring 
about  either  inflammation  of  the  mucous 
membrane,  or  insufficient  digestive  power. 
The  New  York  Medical  Journal  the  same 
year  reviewed  the  researches  of  Gonzalez 
Campo,  who  found  that  alcohol  checked  the 
movements  of  the  stomach  and  delayed  the 


DR.   BENJAMIN    RUSH. 

The  influence  of  science  in  helping  to 
solve  the  alcohol  problem  can  scarcely  be 
overestimated,  although  it  took  more  than  a 
hundred  years  for  it  to  secure  a  command- 
ing place.  This  period  extended  from  the 
appearance,  in  1785,  of  Dr.  Rush's  pamphlet, 
"An  Inquiry  into  the  Effect  of  Ardent 
Spirits  Upon  the  Human  Body  and  Mind," 
to  189s,  when  the  German  Society  of  Ab- 
staining Physicians  was  organized. 

A  review  of  the  conclusions  of  twentieth 
century  science  in  regard  to  alcohol  properly 
begins  with  the  organization  of  this  society 
which  gave  official  recognition  to  the  value 
of  investigations  in  this  subject. 

The  Food  Value  of   Alcohol. 

At  that  time  an  animated  discussion  was 
going  on  as  to  the  possible  food  value  of 
alcohol.  It  had  been  demonstrated  that 
alcohol  is  oxidized  in  the  body.  According 
to  certain  definitions  that  take  account  only 
of  the  energy  liberated  by  oxidation  and  not 


76 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


expulsion  of  its  contents.  He  concluded 
that  alcohol  is  a  serious  injury  to  gastric 
digestion  in  health  and  still  more  so  in  over- 
acidity. 

Peptic  digestion,  both  in  the  stomach  and 
in  the  test  tube,  was  found  by  Dr.  R.  F. 
Chase,  of  Boston,  to  be  noticeably  delayed 
by  whiskey,  and  in  a  marked  degree  by  beer. 
{Philadelphia     Medical    Journal,    June     9, 

1903.) 

Another  quietus  to  the  old  notion  of  aid- 
ing digestion  by  alcoholic  drinks  was  given 
by  Dr.  James  Barr,  who  said :  "We  know 
that  while  strong  potations  increase  the 
secretion  of  gastric  juice,  they  inhibit 
[check]  the  digestive  function  and  eventu- 
ally establish  a  chronic  gastric  catarrh." 
(British  Medical  Journal,  July  i,  1905.) 

The  Stimulant  Fallacy. 

Another  fallacy  which  it  has  been  exceed- 
ingly difficult  to  uproot  is  the  idea  that 
alcohol  is  a  stimulant  to  the  heart  and 
circulation.  Dr.  George  Rosenfeld  pub- 
lished a  series  of  experiments  on  this  sub- 
ject in-  the  Zentralblatt  fiir  innere  Medicin, 
in  1906,  in  which  he  said,  "It  is  deplorable 
that  physicians  yet  cling  to  the  idea  that 
alcohol  is  a  heart  stimulant."  He  summar- 
ized by  saying  that  alcohol  acts  unfavorably, 
or  not  at  all,  upon  the  pulse  rate,  very  tem- 
porarily and  in  small  degree,  or  not  at  all, 
upon  blood  pressure,  and  increases  the  m- 
ternal  friction  of  the  blood,  that  is,  hinders 
its  movement  through  the  blood  vessels. 
"We  have,  therefore,  in  all  these,"  he  said, 
"quite  enough  particulars  for  forming  the 
general  judgment  that  alcohol  is  an  injury 
to  the  circulation." 

Alcohol  as  a  Medicine. 

Popular  belief  in  the  remedial  properties 
of  alcohol  has  led  many  households  to  keep 
some  form  of  alcoholic  liquor  in  the  family 
medicine  chest  to  be  used  as  a  panacea  for 
ills  in  general.  But  in  the  medical  profes- 
sion itself  the  estimation  of  alcohol  as  a 
remedy  has  fallen  to  comparatively  small 
proportions.  Space  permits  the  mention  of 
only  a  few  of  the  diseases  for  which  alco- 
hol was  formerly  given  as  a  remedy,  and  the 
present  opinions  of  specialists  thereon.  Dr. 
S.  A.  Knopf,  of  New  York,  says:_  "The 
belief  that  spirituous  drinks,  particularly 
whiskey,  are  a  protection  against  tuber- 
culosis, or  a  desirable  remedy  for  it,  is 
nothing  but  a  popular  fancy.  A  Wurtem- 
burg  colleague  said  not  long  ago,  'According 
to  my  experience,  I  must  call  it  a  crime  for 
a  physician  to  order  alcoholic  drinks  for  a 
patient  with  any  kind  of  lung  disease,  and 
particularly   for  a   consumptive,   for   it   in- 


creases deficiency  of  oxygen  and  excess  ol 
carbon  dioxide,  and  besides  causes  othei 
well-known  injuries."  The  fallacy  of  tht 
long-cherished  belief  in  the  virtues  of  alco- 
hol as  an  antidote  to  snake  poison  has  beer 
pointed  out  by  several  physicians  who  havt 
found  more  efficient  remedies.  "'Alcohol  aj 
ordinarily  used  is  useless  and  in  no  senst 
antidotal  to  or  destructive  of  snake  poison. 
Patients  bitten  by  snakes  have  recovered 
from  enormous  doses  of  alcohol,  but  somt 
have  undoubtedly  succumbed  to  such 
doses."  Dr.  Prentiss  Willson,  of  Washing- 
ton, D.  C.  (Archives  of  Internal  Medicine, 
June,  1908.) 

Alcohol  and  Resistance  to  Disease. 

The  line  of  investigation  that  has  prob- 
ably done  more  than  any  other  to  uprool 
the  belief  in  the  medicinal  value  of  alcoho! 
among  physicians,  is  that  which  has  showr 
that  alcohol  lowers  the  body's  natural  re- 
sistance to  disease.  Prof.  Metchnikofif,  who 
first  announced  the  discovery  of  the  germ- 
destroying  property  of  the  white  blood 
corpuscles  has  since  investigated  the  efifecl 
of  alcohol  upon  them,  and  he  finds  that  i1 
checks  their  activity,  and  thereby  reduces 
their  ability  to  destroy  disease  germs.  The 
recently  reported  experiments  of  Prof, 
Laitinen,  of  Helsingfors  (Zeitschrift  fUt 
Hygiene  und  Infektionskrankheiten)  showec 
that  very  small  quantities  of  alcohol  in- 
creased the  susceptibility  of  rabbits  to  diph- 
theria infection  from  46  to  65  per  cent, 
A  parallel  series  of  experiments  was  re- 
ported in  1904  by  Dr.  George  Rubin,  of  the 
Rush  Medical  College  (Journal  of  Infec- 
tious Diseases,  May  30,  1904),  who  found 
that  alcohol  reduced  the  number  of  white 
blood  corpuscles  in  rabbits  infected  with  the 
germs  of  disease,  that  none  of  the  animals 
so  treated  recovered  when  they  were  also 
given  alcohol,  while  their  controls  who  re- 
ceived no  alcohol  made  a  good  recovery  in 
nearly  all  cases.  Those  of  the  non-alco- 
holized animals  that  did  die,  lived  much 
longer  after  infection  than  the  alcoholized. 
Animals  and  persons  receiving  alcohol  have 
been  found  to  show  greater  susceptibility  to 
other  poisons,  such  as  metal  poisons  than 
animals  receiving  no  alcohol.  Dr.  Biondi  of 
Italy,  reported  observations  in  this  line 
made  among  workers  in  lead,  quicksilver, 
and  antimony.  Dr.  Reid  Hunt,  of  the  United 
States  Hygienic  Laboratory  (Washington, 
D.  C,  1907),  treating  mice  and  rabbits  with 
the  poison,  acetonitrile,  found  that  quantities 
of  alcohol  too  small  to  cause  the  slightest 
sign  of  intoxication  made  the  body  less  able 
to  stand  the  effects  of  this  poison  which 
without  alcohol  it  could  easily  resist. 


Twentieth  Century  Science  on  the  Alcohol  Question. 


77 


Alcohol   and   Degeneracy. 

Prof.  F.  Martins,  Director  of  the  Rostock 
Medical  Clinic,  said  at  the  Congress  of  In- 
ternal Medicine,  1905,  in  an  address  on 
"Predisposition  and  Heredity"  (Der  Ab- 
stinent, July,  1905),  that  alcohol  causes  a 
certain  receptivity  for  other  diseases,  and 
that  it  affects  the  generative  as  well  as  other 
organs  of  the  body,  and  that  this  is  the  main 
factor  in  degeneracy.  This  subject  of  de- 
generacy is  one  in  which  undoubtedly  the 
most  far-reaching  investigations  of  all  have 
been  made.  Prof.  C.  F.  Hodge,  of  Clark 
University  ("Physiological  Aspects  of  the 
Liquor  Problem")  found  that  only  17.4  per 
cent,  of  the  progeny  of  his  alcoholized  dogs 
were  able  to  live,  while  go.2  per  cent,  of 
the  progeny  of  the  non-alcoholized  pair 
were  normal.  Prof.  Demme,  of  Berne, 
found  almost  the  same  proportion  of  normal 
and  abnormal  offspring  in  the  descendants 
of  ten  alcoholic  families  (17  per  cent.)  and 
ten  temperate  families  (88.5  per  cent.) 
whose  histories  he  followed.  Dr.  T.  A.  Mac- 
Nicholl,  of  New  York,  found  that  of  the 
3,711  school  children  whom  he  studied,  over 
70  per  cent,  of  those  whose  parents  or  grand- 
parents had  been  drinkers,  were  dullards. 
Of  the  children  with  abstaining  parents  and 
grandparents,  only  4  per  cent,  were  dull- 
ards. Prof.  G.  von  Bunge,  of  Basle,  found 
from  an  extensive  investigation  that  a  very 
large  proportion  of  the  women  who  were 
not  able  to  nurse  their  children  were  the 
daughters  of  drinking  fathers,  that,  in  fact, 
the  proportion  of  women  unable  to  nurse 
increased  with  the  degree  of  the  alcoholiza- 
tion of  their  fathers.  That  the  inability  in 
question  was  accompanied  with  other  indi- 
cations of  degeneracy  was  shown  by  a 
greater  prevalence  of  tuberculosis,  and  a 
greater  proportion  of  bad  teeth  in  the 
descendants  of  the  drinkers. 

Is  Alcoholism  a  Cause  or  Effect? 

Some  writers  on  the  alcohol  question  have 
intimated  that  those  who  become  addicted 
to  alcohol  were  previously  afflicted  with 
some  hereditary  or  other  defect,  which 
made  them  susceptible  to  alcohol,  or  to  the 
desire  for  it;  that  mental  weakness  was  a 
cause  of  alcoholism,  instead  of  alcoholism 
being  the  cause  of  the  weakness.  This  idea 
is  corrected  by  the  investigations  above 
referred  to,  and  by  others  which  show  that 
alcohol  is  a  prime  cause  of  all  grades  of 
defectiveness,  from  simple  dullness  to  the 
severer  forms  of  mental  and  physical 
degeneracy. 

Prof.  Forel  (Paris  Review  of  Political 
Economy)  explains  this  as  follows:    "It  is 


not  a  ca.se  of  the  simple  transmission  ro 
descendants  of  ancestral  characteristics, 
nor  of  the  new  combination  of  the  latter. 
It  is  an  instance  of  a  destructive  agent 
coming  from  without  to  deteriorate  a  germ 
which  in  itself  was  good.  But  this  ele- 
ment once  a  part  of  the  hereditary  mechan- 
ism does  not  soon  leave  it.  It  perpetuates 
the  defects  which  it  engenders,  according 
to  circumstances,  in  several  generations. 
These  defects  may  be — the  facts  prove  it — ■ 
of  a  widely  different  nature,  such  as: 
general  feebleness,  dwarfed  stature,  rachi- 
tis, epilepsy,  idiocy,  weakmindedness,  ner- 
vousness, monstrosities."  A  Russian  in- 
vestigator, Rybakow,  has  recently  published 
a  work  (Archiv  fiir  Rassen-  und  Gesell- 
schafts-Biologie,  vol.  20)  in  which  he  shows 
that  92  per  cent,  of  all  alcoholics  had 
drinkers  among  their  nearest  relatives.  In 
only  21  per  cent,  was  the  hereditary 
influence^  due  only  to  nervous  and  mental 
diseases  in  the  parents. 

Growth  and  Development. 

Prof.  Hodge's  experiments  with  the  alco- 
holized dogs  yielded  significant  testimony 
on  this  point.  Examination  of  the  brains 
ofthe  still-born  puppies  of  the  alcoholized 
pair  showed  certain  parts  of  the  brain 
undeveloped,  which  in  puppies  of  the  nor- 
mal pair,  killed  at  birth,  were  more  per- 
fectly formed.  {Physiological  Aspects  of 
the  Liquor  Problem,  Vol.  i,  page  374). 
Prof.  Laitinen's  experiments  are  particu- 
larly instructive  on  the  hereditary  influences 
of  alcohol  on  growth  and  development. 
They  were  performed  on  a  large  number 
of  animals,  600  rabbits  and  guinea  pigs, 
and  with  very  small  doses  of  alcohol, 
equivalent  to  what  an  adult  person  would 
get  from  half  a  pint  of  three  and  a  half 
per  cent,  beer  a  day.  The  young  of  the 
animals  receiving  this  small  quantity  of 
alcohol  averaged  less  in  weight  at  birth, 
and  grew  less  during  the  first  one  hundred 
days  after  birth,  which  was  as  long  as  the 
observations  were  continued. 

Working  Ability. 

The  scientific  investigations  of  the  effect 
of  alcohol  on  working  ability,  mental  and 
physical,  corroborate  and  explain  the 
growing  demands  of  business  for  abstainmg 
workmen.  All  grades  of  working  ability, 
from  those  that  require  strength,  endu- 
rance and  precision  of  muscles  to  the  high- 
est mental  tasks  or  the  flights  of  genius 
are  impaired  by  even  small  doses  of  alco- 
hol. The  effect  of  alcohol  on  muscular 
working  ability  should  be  more  generally 
understood,    for   there   are   many  who  are 


78 


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misled  by  the  deadening  effect  of  alcohol 
upon  sensation  into  thinkmg  thai  it  ban- 
ishes fatigue  and  gives  renewed  strength 
for  work.  Evidence  that  this  is  not  true 
has  been  gained  from  numerous  experi- 
ments with  ergograph  with  large  bodies 
of  men,  and  in  athletics.  The  followhig 
are  but  examples :  Dr.  Durig,  of  Vienna, 
tested  the  effects  of  alcohol  in  mountain 
climbing,  and  found  that  a  quantity  cor- 
responding to  the  amount  in  one  liter  of 
beer  reduced  his  working  ability  20  per 
cent. 

Prof.  Helenius,  of  Hclsingfors  (Die 
Alkoholfrage,  1903),  quotes  the  verbal 
testimony  of  the  manager  of  the  copper 
mines  of  Knockmahom,  who  told  him 
that  more  than  800  of  the  1,000  per- 
sons daily  employed  in  the  works  had 
taken  the  total  abstinence  pledge,  and 
that  after  doing  so  the  value  of  their 
productive  industry  increased  by  nearly 
$25,000.  They  not  only  did  more,  but 
better  work  and  with  less  fatigue  to 
themselves.  In  a  recent  walking  match 
held  at  Kiel,  Germany,  the  first  four  win- 
ners were  abstainers.  Among  the  ten 
prize  winners,  six  were  abstainers,  and 
two  of  the  others  had  lived  entirely  ab- 
stinent for  months  before  the  contest.  Of 
the  twenty-four  abstainers  who  entered  the 
race,  only  two  failed  to  reach  the  goal ; 
of  the  fifty-nine  non-abstainers,  thirty 
failed  to  reach  it. 

Mental  work  is  also  impaired  by  the  use 
of  small  amounts  of  alcohol.  Dr.  Paul 
Bergman  {Die  Enthaltsamkeit,  March, 
1907),  principal  of  a  school  in  Germany, 
obtained  the  consent  of  the  parents  of 
some  of  his  pupils  to  make  a  test  of  a 
small  quantity  of  light  wine  upon  the  men- 
tal working  ability  of  a  class  of  girls  13-15 
years  of  age.  Shortly  after  taking  one- 
half  a  wineglass  of  light  wine  (8  per  cent, 
alcohol)  the  girls  were  given  a  dictation 
exercise.  They  made  from  i  to  7  more 
errors  than  they  did  before;  it  took  them 
longer  to  think,  and  the  writing,  spelling 
and  punctuation  were  considerably  worse. 
There  were  more  erasures.  Parallel  ex- 
periments were  tried  upon  the  boys,  giv- 
ing them  beer  instead  of  wine,  with  similar 
results.  The  boys  agreed  that  the  beer 
made  thinking  more  difficult.  Among  the 
results  obtained  by  Prof.  Kraepelin  at 
Heidelberg  University,  in  testing  the  effects 
of  alcohol  upon  mental  work  was  one  which 
showed  that  under  the  influence  of  alcohol 
a  man  memorized  60  figures  after  60  repe- 
titions, while  before  taking  the  alcohol  he 
memorized  100  with  only  40  repetitions. 
The  exercises  requiring  the  highest  powers 


of  the  mind  were  most  seriously  affected  by 
alcohol.  Dr.  G.  M.  Randall,  of  Lowell,  in 
discussing  the  influence  of  alcohol  in 
causing  kidney  troubles  {Boston  Medical 
and  Surgical  Journal,  Aug.  27,  1908)  said, 
"Alcoholic  beverages  have  no  place  in  the 
dietary  of  the  person  desiring  to  live  an 
efficient  life." 

Critical  Ability  Impaired  by  Alcohol. 

One  experiment  whose  results  have  a 
wide  application  was  performed  by  Dr. 
Specht,  of  Tijbingen  (Internationale  Mo- 
natsschrift,  June,  1907),  to  ascertain  the 
eff'ect  of  alcohol  upon  the  ability  to  dis- 
tinguish slight  differences  in  sounds.  He 
found  that  the  amount  of  alcohol  con- 
tained in  a  glass  of  champagne  impaired 
the  ability  to  perceive  differences  which 
were  readily  noticed  when  no  alcohol  was 
taken.  His  conclusion  was  that  alcohol, 
even  in  small  amounts,  impairs  the  critical 
faculty.  It  is  this  weakening  of  the 
judgment  by  even  small  quantities  that  con- 
stitutes the  danger  in  the  social  use  of 
alcohol.  Those  who  have  themselves  par- 
taken do  not  notice  the  growing  lack  of 
good  judgment  in  the  remarks  of  their 
associates,  and  in  their  own  as  well.  The 
slight  impairment  of  self-control  renders 
them  easy  victims  to  the  temptations  to 
take  more. 

The  aid  that  alcohol  is  supposed  to  give 
to  artistic  inspiration  fails  to  be  a  real 
benefit,  because  of  this  slight  impairment 
of  the  judgment.  Work  produced  under 
such  influence  is  likely  to  be  of  a  weird  or 
uncanny  character.  Ideas  accepted  as 
worthy  when  under  the  influence  of  alcohol 
are  seen  to  be  unworthy  when  reviewed  in 
the  light  of  clear,  critical  judgment  after" 
ward.  The  testimony  of  twentieth  cen- 
tury science  not  only  justifies  the  growing 
requirements  of  business  for  abstinence  on 
the  part  of  those  engaged  in  responsible 
positions,  but  for  the  ordinary  toiler  as 
well;  and  not  only  abstinence  during  busi- 
ness hours,  but  after  the  day's  work,  for 
the  effects  of  small  doses  may  last  until  the 
next  morning,  and  habitual  use  produces 
steady  impairment  of  efficiency.  (Dr.  A. 
Smith,  Leipsic,  1898.) 

Society's  Self-Defence. 

Popular  knowledge  of  the  effects  of  alcohol 
is  necessary  to  show  that  it  is  not  only 
the  right,  but  the  duty  of  society  to  protect 
itself  from  the  dangers  caused  by  drink. 
Only  those  ignorant  of  these  dangers 
oppose  public  eflforts  to  use  the  most  effi- 
cient means  of  abolishing  the  danger,  legal 
prohibition  of  its  sale  and  education  of  the 
people  out  of  primeval  customs. 


Alcohoi^s  Harvest  of  Woes 


Isaiah  5  :  8-24 

8  Woe  unto  them  thai  join  house  to 
house,  that  lay  field  to  field,  till  there  be 
no  room,  and  ye  be  made  to  dwell  alone  in 
the  midst  of  the  land  !  9  In  mine  ears  sailh 
Jehovah  of  hosts,  of  a  truth  many  houses 
shall  be  desolate,  even  great  and  fair,  with- 
out inhabitant.  10  For  ten  acres  of  vine- 
yard shall  yield  one  bath,  and  a  homer  of 
seed  shall  yield  but  an  cphah.  11  Woe 
unto  them  that  rise  up  early  in  the  morn- 
ing, that  they  may  follow  strong  drink ; 
that  tarry  late  into  the  night,  till  wine  in- 
llame  them!  12  And  the  harp  and  the  lute, 
the  tabret  and  the  pipe,  and  wine,  are  in 
their  feasts;  but  they  regard  not  the  work 
of  Jehovah,  neither  have  they  considered 
the  operation  of  his  hands.  13  Therefore 
my  people  are  gone  into  captivity  for  lack 
of  knowledge ;  and  their  honorable  men  arc 
famished,  and  their  multitude  are  parched 
with  thirst.  14  Therefore  Sheoi  hath  en- 
larged her  desire,  and  opened  her  moutii 
without  measure;  and  their  glory,  and  ihe;r 
multitude,  and  their  pomp,  and  he  that  re- 
joiceth  among  them,  descend  i)ito  it.  15 
And  the  mean  man  is  bowed  down,  and  the 
great  man  is  humbled,  and  the  eyes  of  the 
lofty    are    humbled:     16  but    Jehovah     of 


(cf.  Isa.  10:  1-4.) 

hosts  is  exalted  in  justice,  and  God  the 
Holy  One  is  sanctified  m  righteousness.  17 
Then  shall  the  lambs  teed  as  in  their  pas- 
ture, and  the  waste  places  of  the  fat  ones 
shall  wanderers  eat.  18  Woe  unto  them 
that  draw  iniquity  with  cords  of  falsehood, 
and  sin  as  it  were  with  a  cart  rope;  19 
ihat  say,  Let  him  make  speed,  let  h.m  hasten 
his  work,  that  we  may  see  it;  and  kt  the 
counsel  of  the  Holy  One  of  Israel  draw 
nigh  and  come,  that  we  may  know  it!  20 
Woe  unto  them  that  call  evil  good,  and 
good  evil ;  that  put  darkness  for  light,  and 
light  for  darkness ;  that  put  bitter  for  sweet, 
and  sweet  for  bitter!  21  Woe  unto  them 
that  are  wise  in  their  own  eyes,  and  pru- 
dent in  their  own  sight !  22  Woe  unto 
them  that  are  mighty  to  drink  wine,  and 
men  of  strength  to  mingle  strong  drink;  2o 
that  justify  the  wicked  for  a  reward,  and 
take  away  the  righteousness  of  the  righteous 
from  him !  24  Therefore  as  the  tongue  of 
fire  devourcth  the  stubble,  and  as  the  dry 
grass  sinketh  down  in  the  flame,  so  their 
root  shall  be  as  rottenness,  and  their  blos- 
som shall  go  up  as  dust;  because  tliey  have 
rejected  the  law  of  Jcliovah  of  hosts,  and 
despised  the  Word  of  the  Holy  One  of 
Israel. 


Golden  Text:    JFoc  unto   them   that    are  mighty  to  drink  zvinc. — Isa.  5:  22. 


The  place  in  which  we  stand  in  this  les- 
son is  Jerusalem.  The  persons  addressed 
by  Isaiah  are  wicked  King  Ahaz  and  the 
"sinful  nation'"  of  Judah.  Isaiah  himself 
was  the  greatest  of  the  major  prophets, 
a  scholar  and  a  statesman,  whose  fearless 
words  to  wicked  kings  were  like  those  of 
Elijah  and  Paul  and  John  Knox.  The 
time  at  which  he  spoke  was  one  of  luxury, 
which,  as  usual,  proved  more  conducive  to 
vice  and  intemperance  than  previous  peri- 
ods of  povertj' — Henry  George  to  the  con- 
trary notwithstanding.  God's  judgments 
were  about  to  burst  in  an  Assyrian  in- 
vasion on  the  northern  kingdom,  of 
which  event  Isaiah  speaks  in  another 
passage  (Isa.  28:  i),  "Woe  to  the  crown  of 
pride,"  referring  to  the  city  of  Samaria, 
situated  like  a  crown  on  a  hill-top,  and 
to  the  wreath  of  the  revelers  of  Eph- 
raim  whose   glorious   beauty   shall  \be    a 


fading  flower.  Judah,  unless  repentant, 
will  for  like  sins  follow  Israel  into  cap- 
tivity, Isaiah  tells  his  people.  They  so 
add  two  to  many  other  illustrations  of 
the  fact  that  nations  do  not  die  of  cur- 
rency or  conquest  but  of  moral  cancer. 
Isaiah  plainly  declares  that  the  chief 
cause  of  the  approaching  captivity  of 
both  Jewish  kingdoms  in  Babylon  is 
the  captivity  in  which  they  are  already 
voluntarily  involved  through  drink. 
Nehemiah  (13:  18)  speaks  of  Sabbath- 
breaking  also  as  one  of  the  great  causes 
of  the  nation's  fall. 

The  events  of  this  lesson  present  the 
captives  of  drink  as  already  gathering  the 
firstfruits  of  their  harvest  of  woes.  The 
doctrines  and  duties  plainly  taught  in  this 
and  other  passages  of  Isaiah  are  total  ab- 
stinence  and   prohibition. 

"My  well-beloved   had   a   vineyard   in   a 


8o 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


very  fruitful  hill."  The  lesson  really  begins 
with  the  chapter.  In  a  beautiful  allegory, 
Isaiah  compares  God's  people  to  a  vineyard 
which  He  had  planted  and  cultivated  with 
unstinted  love.  "He  gathered  out  the 
stones  and  planted  it  with  the  choicest  vine 
and  built  a  tower  in  the  midst."  All  this 
recalls  how  God  had  driven  out  the  Ca- 
naanites  to  give  Israel  a  pure  environment, 
and  had  pruned  His  vine  by  forty  years  of 
mercies  and  judgments  to  be  fruitful  for 
the  world's  good,  and  had  divinely  pro- 
tected them  against  their  foes.  He  had 
sent  prophets  to  keep  the  vine3'ard.  God 
exclaims,  "What  more  could  I  have  done 
for  my  vineyard  that  I  have  not  done  in 
it?"  And  what  more  could  God  have  done 
for  America  that  He  has  not  done?  He 
held  back  this  continent  till  the  hour  had 
come  when  He  could  plant  a  spiritual 
church  dissevered  from  corrupting  alliance 
with  the  state.  He  planted  here  a  people 
whom  He  had  sifted  by  persecution  from 
all  nations.  Our  prosperity  also  has  led 
many  to  sin.  When  God  looked  that  we 
should  bring  forth  grapes,  we  too  brought 
forth  "wild  grapes."  The  reference  is  to 
the  deadly  nightshade,  which  produces  ber- 
ries that  look  like  grapes,  but  are  poisonous. 
So  grapes  rotted  for  wine  are  poison  of- 
fered as  "health."  Hear  the  words  of  John 
Wesley  on  these  alcoholic  poisons :  "Liquors 
are  a  certain  slow  poison.  Liquid  fire  lays 
the  foundation  of  numberless  diseases. 
Have  we  not  reason  to  believe  that  little 
less  than  half  the  corn  produced  in  the 
kingdom  is  every  year  consumed,  not  by  so 
harmless  a  way  as  throwing  it  mto  the  sea, 
but  by  converting  it  into  deadly  poison — 
poison  that  naturally  destroys  not  only  the 
strength  of  life,  but  also  the  morals  of  our 
countrymen?  Oh,  tell  it  not  m  Constanti- 
nople, that  the  English  raise  the  royal 
revenue  by  selling  the  flesh  and  blood  of 
their  countrymen !  It  is  amazing  that  the 
preparing  or  selling  this  poison  should  be 
permitted  in  any  civilized  state.  All  who 
sell  drams  and  spirituous  liquors  to  any 
that  will  buy,  are  poisoners  general.  They 
murder  his  Majesty's  subjects  by  wholesale, 


neither  does  their  eye  pity  or  spare.  They 
drive  them  to  hell  like  sheep;  and  what  is 
their  gain?  Is  it  not  the  blood  of  these 
men? 

In  the  Rapids. 

"Woe  unto  them  that  rise  up  early  in  the 
morning  that  they  may  follow  strong  drink." 
It  should  be  said  that  intoxicants  are  not 
really  "strong  drink."  If  they  were,  train- 
ers of  athletes  would  not  bar  them  out.  Mr. 
Reginald  Rankin,  who  has  won  fame  by  ac- 
complishing the  ascent  of  Aconcagua,  the 
highest  peak  of  the  Andes  mountains, 
speaking  of  the  effects  of  alcohol  upon 
the  mountain  climber,  says :  "Though 
alcohol  is  a  bad  thing  to  climb  on,  it  is 
an  excellent  thing  to  toboggan  down  on 
when  you  have  reached  the  summit  of 
your  ambition  and  never  want  to  see  it 
again."  The  drink  of  the  ox  and  the 
eagle  alone  is  entitled  to  the  name 
"strong  drink."  Except  in  quotations 
we  ought  to  drop  this  lie  of  the  tempter. 

Isaiah  pictures  here  the  man  so  fond 
of  drink  that  his  first  waking  thought 
is  a  craving  for  his  "eye  opener,"  as  his 
last  thought  in  the  day  is  for  his  "night 
cap,"  with  a  "continued"  thought  all 
day  for  his  next  chance  to  drink.  Such 
a  man  is  in  the  rapids  just  above  the 
Niagara  of  habitual  drunkenness,  and 
his  friends  often  see  it,  but  seldom  does 
the  victim  himself  know  his  danger.  I 
heard  of  a  man  who  suddenly  discovered 
at  seven  o'clock  in  the  evening  that  he 
was  longing  for  nine  o'clock,  when  he 
was  wont  to  take  his  usual  bedtime 
glass  to  promote  sleep.  It  was  to  him 
the  discovery  of  a  chain.  He  quit  at 
once,  and  before  a  day  had  passed  dis- 
covered in  his  hard  struggle  how  nearly 
too  late  he  had  been.  Challenge  your 
friend,  who  thinks  drink  has  no  hold 
upon  him,  to  give  it  up  for  a  week,  and 
in  many  cases  he  will  find  how  strongly 
he  is  already  bound.  If  he  is  not  bound, 
let  him  'Keep  himself  free. 

"The  harp  and  the  lute,  the  tabret  and  the 


Alcohol's  Harvest  of  Woes. 


8i 


pipe,  and  wine  are  in  their  feasts."  It  is  a 
monstrous  wrong  that  we  should  ever 
allovv  such  an  angel  as  music  to  be  used 
to  lure  men  to  drink.  When  the  writer 
was  visiting  saloons  in  Chicago  at  night, 
as  a  member  of  the  Citizens'  League,  he 
noted  how  the  starting  up  of  an  orches- 
trion in  a  saloon  made  young  men  from 
all  quarters  fly  to  the  hell  thus  adver- 
tised. When  liquor-selling  cannot  be 
wholly  suppressed,  it  should  at  least 
be  stripped  of  all  its  allurements  that 
only  those  seeking  drink  for  its  own 
sake  may  be  drawn  to  the  bars.  Aye, 
"to  the  bars"  they  are  drawn,  in  three 
senses  of  the  word,  and  all  these  bars 
are  "bars"  to  the  joy  the  drink  promises 
with  its  music.  Hornets  would  be  a 
truer  symbol  of  the  saloons  than  the 
cornets.  Hornets,  real  live  ones  with 
stingers,  took  possession  of  a  bar-room 
of  Akron,  although  snow  covered  the 
ground  on  the  outside.  The  proprietor 
had  purchased  a  hornet's  nest  from  a 
farmer,  and  hung  it  over  the  bar.  The 
entrance  hole  in  the  nest  was  closed 
by  a  piece  of  paper  being  pasted  over  it. 
It  was  much  admired,  and  everything 
went  well  for  a  while.  But  the  heat  in 
the  room  brought  the  nest  to  life.  The 
hibernating  hornets  thought  it  was  sum- 
mer again,  and,  being  hungry,  began  to 
get  busy.  They  burst  the  paper  closing 
the  exit,  and  in  a  few  minutes  the  room 
was  full  of  hornets.  The  bartender  ran 
out  covered  with  the  insects,  and  a  num- 
ber of  others  also,  yelling  like  Indians. 
The  hornets  held  possession  until  a  big 
policeman,  covered  with  netting  and 
heavily  gloved,  carried  out  the  nest. 
The  bartender  was  taken  to  the  hospital 
with  both  eyes  closed.  That  was  but  a 
faint  picture  of  the  woe  and  sorrow  that 
swarms  in  the  saloons. 

A  Drunkard  Saved. 

"They  regard  not  the  work  of  Jehovah." 
Nothing  more  surely  than  drink  turns  a 
man  away  from  God.    At  a  mission  school 


in    London    two    children    of    a    drunkard 
had  been  taught,  with  others,  to  sing: 

Jesus  wants  me  for  a  sunbeam 
To  shine  for  Him  each  day. 

As  soon  as  the  meeting  was  over  they  r::n 
home. 

Such  a  sad  home  it  was !  Neither  father 
nor  mother  had  ever  thought  about  teaching 
the  little  ones  of  Jesus.  Nearly  all  the 
money  was  spent  in  the  public-house,  and 
often  there  was  not  enough  to  eat.  Mr. 
Brown  was  sitting  in  the  untidy  little 
kitchen.  His  wife  had  just  gone  out  to 
fetch  some  beer  for  him.  "Well,  where 
have  you  two  been  to?"  he  asked,  as  the 
little  ones  ran  in. 

"O  Daddy,  we've  been  to  the  children's 
meeting,"  they  cried  in  chorus,  "and  we've 
learnt  such  a  pretty  hymn.  Shall  we  sing 
it  to  you?" 

Without  waiting  for  permission  they  be- 
gan to  sing : 

^       A  sunbeam,  a  sunbeam, 

Jesus  wants  us  for  a  sunbeam, 

When  they  finished,  little  Mollie  went 
close  up  to  her  father.  Laying  a  hand  on 
his  knee  and  looking  up  into  his  face,  she 
said,  "And,  Daddy,  Maggie  and  me  are 
going  to  be  sunbeams  for  Jesus." 

Mr.  Brown  turned  away  from  little 
Mollie's  earnest  face.  Tears  began  to  flow 
down  his  cheeks,  for  the  hymn,  with  its 
simple  message,  had  awakened  memories  of 
long  ago,  when,  as  a  boy,  his  m.other  had 
taught  him  of  Jesus. 

The  children  looked  on  in  silence,  unable 
to  understand  how  what  had  made  them  so 
happy  caused  their  father  to  cry. 

Suddenly  he  gathered  the  two  little  girls 
into  his  arms,  as  he  said :  "And  Daddy  will 
be  a  sunbeam,  too,  my  girlies." 

Mrs.  Brown  came  in,  and  wonderingly 
placed  the  beer  by  her  husband's  side. 

"No,  wife !"  he  said,  as  be  pushed  it  from 
him,  "I  want  no  more  of  that  now ;  here's 
Mo'.lie  and  Maggie  going  to  be  sunbeams 
for  Jesus,  and  I'm  going  to  join  with  them." 

"Therefore  my  people  are  going  into  cap- 
tivity for  lack  of  knowledge."    To  Isaiah 


82 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


the  captivity  of  his  people  was  already  be- 
gun in  the  habits  that  already  enslaved 
them,  and  would  make  them  an  easy  prey 
to  their  foes.  Habit  means  it  has  you.  "Sow 
an  act  and  you  reap  a  tendency;  sow  a 
tendency  and  you  reap  a  habit;  sow  a 
habit  and  you  reap  a  destiny."  Is  it  not 
amazing  when  a  boy  has  seen  men  carried 
captive  by  drink  that  he  should  put  on  him- 
self the  same  chain?  This  folly  was  well 
illustrated  in  "-The  Boy's  City  News,"  of 
Winona  Chautauqua,  in  a  picture  and  story 
of  the  moth  millers. 

The  Boy  and  the  Moth  Millers. 

The  boy  watched  the  moth  millers  flutter 
around  the  lamp.  Many  of  them  would  fly 
against  the  hot  chimney  and  fall  to  the 
table,  scorched  and  burned. 

Some  of  them  would  fly  directly  into  the 
chimney    and    these    would    drop    into    the 


flame  and  be  consumed,  or  lie  half  burned 
next  to  the  blaze. 

Occasionally  a  moth  would  fall  to  the 
table,  overcome  with  heat,  but  with  enough 
life  to  keep  its  wings  moving,  and  ofttimes 
the  dying  moth  would  crawl  towards  the 
same  light  that  had  caused  its  suffering. 

"How  strange !"  thought  the  boy.  "Can't 
the  moths  see  these  scorched  and  wingless 
millers  ?  Why  will  they  rush  into  the  flame 
and  be   destroyed? 

"Here  is  a  live  miller  unscorched.  It  has 
for  the  moment  lit  among  the  dead  ones. 
There  it  goes !  Ah !  it  falls  with  wings 
scorched  and  burned  dead.  I  should  think 
that  if  moth  millers  are  able  to  discern  the 
light  they  would  have  enough  sense  to 
discover  the  danger  where  so  many  are 
lying  dead."' 

The  boy  even  while  wondering  why  moth 


The  Boy  and  the  Moth  Millers 


Alcohol's  Harvest  of  Woes. 


83 


millers  were  such  foolish  things  answered 
a  whistle  that  came  to  him  through  the  open 
window,  put  on  his  cap  and  hastened  out. 
He  was  soon  on  the  street  with  other  boys. 
He  visited  a  poolroom  with  them  and 
looked  on.  He  hung  around  a  saloon.  He 
looked  through  the  open  doorway  as  he 
heard  a  drunken  brawl.  A  fight  and  arrest 
followed.  Men  with  bloody  faces  were  led 
away.  He  saw  the  once  wealthy  Mr.  Jones 
reeling  home  after  having  spent  his  last 
cent  for  whiskey.  He  listened  to  the  filthy 
stories  and  lying  tales. 

Ah,  my  boy,  the  wicked  sin -scorched  and 
habit-bound  men  you  see  have  flown  into 
the  flame,  or.  are  beating  out  their  lives 
against  its  destroying  heat.  Are  you  no 
wiser  than  moth  millers? 

It  is  "for  lack  of  knowledge,"  partly,  that 
men  become  captives  of  habit.  There  are 
some  who  forge  their  own  chain  wilfully, 
knowing  well  the  consequences.  They  enter 
the  saloon  saying  defiantly  to  companions, 
"Nominate  your  poison."  But  many  drink 
because  they  have  not  been  persuaded  that 
beer  is  not  relatively  harmless.  It  is  our 
duty,  to  whom  the  warnings  of  experience 
or  of  science  have  come,  to  see  that  no 
one  in  all  the  world,  so  far  as  we  can  reach, 
is  left  without  such  warning  as  is  given  in 
the  testimonies  of  American  and  German 
and  other  doctrines  against  beer.  (Apply, 
with  stamp,  for  free  copy  of  "Scientific 
Testimony  on  Beer,"  to  International  Re- 
form Bureau,  206  Pennsylvania  Ave.,  s.  e., 
Washington,  D.  C.)  It  should  be  made  im- 
possible for  any  boy  or  girl  in  the  world 
not  to  know  that  insurance  tables  show 
that  abstainers  have  forty  per  cent,  more 
life  than  even  moderate  drinkers;  that  ab- 
stainers in  the  United  States,  at  least,  have 
in  half  the  business  establishments,  es- 
pecially railroads,  a  better  chance  of  em- 
ployment; that  they  have  far  less  chance 
of  getting  into  the  hospital,  the  poor  house 
or  the  jail. 

Great  Men  Conquered  by  Alcohol. 

"Their  honorable  men  are  famished."    It 


is  amazing  that  young  men  should  be  such 
egotists  as  you  say  that  they  have  nothing 
to  fear  from  a  foe  that  has  laid  low  such 
great  men  as  Pitt  and  Addison  and  Sir 
George  Trevelyan  and  Charles  Lamb  and 
Hartley  Coleridge  and  "Bonnie  Prince 
Charlie" — all  these  cited  by  Farrar  for  Eng- 
land— and  such  great  Americans  as  Webster 
and  Poe  and  Yates,  and  many  more. 
Gen.  Nelson  A.  Miles  long  ago  wrote  to 
young  men  to  avoid  both  tobacco  and  in- 
toxicants if  they  would  give  themselves  the 
best  chance  of  success.  Let  us  put  against 
the  sad  cases  we  have  named  a  President 
and  Vice-President,  whose  courageous  ab- 
stinence is  an  inspiration.  When  Lincoln 
was  a  boy,  almost  everybody  drank.  Among 
those  who  were  working  for  temperance  in 
that  early  day  was  "Old  Uncle  John,"  as  he 
was  called,  who  gathered  the  people  to- 
gether for  meetings  in  the  rough  log  school 
houses  of  sparsely  settled  communities. 
One  long  to  be  remembered  night  he  made 
his  plea,  ending  with  an  invitation  to  come 
forward  and  sign  the  pledge.  There  was 
only  one  who  moved.  A  tall  boy  got  to  his 
feet  and  came  up  the  aisle.  Even  in  that 
rough  audience  he  made  an  ungainly  ap- 
pearance in  his  sadly  outgrown  clothes, 
coarse  and  too  short  in  trousers  and  sleeves. 
But  a  hush  fell  on  the  rough  man  as  that 
boy,  with  determination  in  his  face,  stooped 
to  write  the  name  of  "Abraham  Lincoln" 
on  the  pledge.  Lincoln  always  attributed 
much  of  his  success  in  life  to  his  temper- 
ance principles,  and  years  afterward  when 
as  President  of  the  United  States  he  had 
the  pleasure  of  entertaining  "Old  Uncle 
John"  in  the  White  House,  he  said  to  him : 
"I  owe  more  to  you  than  to  almost  any  one 
of  whom  I  can  think.  If  I  had  not  signed 
the  pledge  with  you  in  the  days  of  my 
youthful  temptation  I  should  probably  have 
gone  the  way  of  a  majority  of  my  youthful 
companions,  who  lived  drunkards'  lives  and 
now  are  filling  drunkards'  graves.  When  a 
candidate  for  President  his  attitude  was 
early  shown  by  his  cold  water  reception  of 
the  committee  appointed  to  notify  him  of 
his  nomination.     It  was  believed  necessary 


84 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


to  serve  wine  to  the  committee  and  friends 
brought  in  wine  and  wine  glasses.  Lincohi 
thanked  them  for  their  intended  kindness, 
but  ordered  it  away  at  once,  and  called  for 
a  pitcher  of  water  and  glasses,  saying,  "We 
will  drink  to  the  fortunes  of  our  Party  in 
the  best  beverage  ever  brewed   for   man." 

Victories  of  Japanese  Abstainers. 

Wonderful  victories  of  Japan  in  the  re- 
cent war  were  won  by  abstainers.  Mr.  Yos- 
hito  Komma,  the  Japanese  Vice-Consul  in 
Chicago,  translates  the  following  testimony. 
"Never  drink  wine,"'  says  Field  Marshal 
Oyama.  Major-General  Fukushima  says: 
"If  I  had  been  a  drinker,  my  journey  on 
horseback  through  Siberia  would  have  been 
a  failure."  The  late  Commander  Hirose, 
a  hero  of  the  Japanese  Navy,  had  never 
drunk  sake  nor  smoked  tobacco,  says 
Admiral  Yamanoto,  Minister  of  the  Navy. 
The  late  Colonel  Ishikawa  said  that  sake 
and  tobacco  were  the  most  formidable 
enemies  of  health.  The  late  Colonel  Ishi- 
mura  never  touched  sake  nor  tobacco.  Com- 
mander Iwamuro  says:  "I  myself  gave  up 
drinking  wine  long  ago,  and  have  been  a 
temperance  man  ever  since."  General 
Kuroki  is  also  an  abstainer. 

"Their  multitude  are  parched  with  thirst." 
John  Burns,  greatest  of  labor  leaders,  at- 
tributes to  drink,  chiefly,  the  poverty  and 
degradation  and  sorrow  of  the  working 
classes.  "The  Catholic  Abstainer"  tells  this 
good  story:  "The  lettering  on  the  window 
of  a  store,  acquired  as  the  site  for  a  new 
saloon,  read  :  "Album  Factory."  A  painter 
was  sent  for  to  change  it  at  as  reasonable 
a  price  as  possible.  He  informed  the  suc- 
cessful applicant  that  "the  cheapest  and 
quickest  method  would  be  to  obliterate  the 
first  two  letters."  The  saloon  is  a  "Bum 
Factory,"  indeed.  And  here  is  another 
story  showing  how  drink  impoverishes  the 
multitude:  "Fve  just  been  to  the  doctor  to 
have  him  look  at  my  throat."  "What's  the 
matter?"  "Well,  the  doctor  couldn't  give 
any  encouragement;  at  least,  he  couldn't 
find  what  I  wanted  him  to  find."  "What 
did  you   expect   him    to   find?"    "I    asked 


him  to  look  down  my  throat  for  the  saw- 
mill and  farm  that  had  gone  down  there." 
"And  did  he  see  anything  of  them?'  "No, 
but  he  advised  me,  if  I  ever  get  another 
mill,  to  run  it  by  water." 

"Therefore  hell  hath  enlarged  herself  and 
opened  her  mouth  without  measure"  to  re- 
ceive the  annual  intake  of  one  hundred 
thousand  drunkards  that  "cannot  inherit 
the  Kingdom  of  God"  (i  Cor.  6:  lo),  and 
thousands  of  worse  drunkard  makers.  I 
have  read  of  a  town  meeting  in  Pennsyl- 
vania where  this  question  of  license  was  to 
be  decided.  As  the  question  was  about  to 
be  put,  there  arose  from  one  corner  of  the 
room  a  miserable  female,  wrinkled  and 
gaunt.  Stretching  out  her  arms,  she  cried, 
in  a  shrill  voice,  "Look  upon  me.  You  all 
know  me,  or  once  did.  You  al!  know  that 
I  was  the  mistress  of  the  best  farm  here- 
about. You  all  know,  too,  that  I  had  one 
of  the  best,  the  most  devoted  of  husbands. 
You  all  know  I  had  five  noble-hearted  in- 
dustrious boys.  -Where  are  they  all  now? 
Doctor,  where  are  they  all  now?  You  all 
know.  You  know  they  all  lie  in  a  row,  side 
by  side,  in  yonder  churchyard;  every  one  of 
them  ailing  the  drunkard's  grave!  They 
were  all  taught  to  believe  that  temperate 
drinking  was  safe — excess  alone  ought  to 
be  avoided — and  they  never  acknowledged 
excess.  They  quoted  you  and  you  and  you, 
pointing  with  her  shred  of  a  finger  to  him 
who  said  that  alcohol  was  a  good  creature 
of  God,  to  him  who  sold  the  poison,  to  him 
who  gave  it  as  a  medicine.  They  thought 
themselves  safe  under  such  teachers.  But  I 
saw  the  gradual  change  coming  over  my 
family  and  prospects  with  dismay  and  hor- 
ror. I  felt  we  were  all  to  be  overwhelmed 
in  one  common  ruin.  I  tried  to  ward  off 
the  blow.  I  tried  to  break  the  spell,  the 
delusive  spell,  in  which  the  idea  of  the  ben- 
efits of  temperate  drinking  had  involved  my 
husband  and  sons.  I  begged,  I  prayed ;  but 
the  odds  were  against  me.  My  poor  hus- 
band and  my  dear  boys  fell  into  the  snare. 
Now  look  at  me  again.  You  probably  see 
me  for  the  last  time,  my  sand  has  almost 
run,  I  have  dragged  my  exhausted  frame 


Alcohol^s  Harvest  of  Woe^. 


H 


from  my  present  home,  yotir  poorhouse,  to 
warn  you  all,  to  warn  you  who  taught,  you 
who  sold,  and  you  who  gave."  With  her 
arms  high  flung  and  her  tall  form  stretched 
to  its  utmost,  and  her  voice  raised  to  an  un- 
earthly   pitch,    she    exclaimed :    "i    shall 

SOON  STAND  BEFORE  THE  JUDGMENT  SEAT  OF 
god;  I  SHALL  MEET  YOU  THERE,  YOU  FALSE 
GUIDES,  AND  BE  A  WITNESS  AGAINST  YOU 
ALL." 

She  spoke  and  vanished.  But  when  the 
chairman  put  the  question,  "Shall  there  be 
granted  any  license  for  the  sale  of  spirit- 
uous liquors?"  the  response  was  a  unani- 
mous "No." 

"Woe  unto  them  that  call  evil  good, 
zvhich  justify  the  zuicked  for  reward."  More 
directly  than  any  other  Bible  writer,  Isaiah 
condemns  the  principle  of  license.  "Your 
covenant  with  death  shall  be  disannulled" 
(Isa.  28:  18). 

In  Mexico  in  a  certain  district  the  deadly 
scorpions  became  so  numerous  that  the 
government  offered  a  bounty  of  twelve  cents 
for  every  scorpion  killed.  Instead  of  lessen- 
ing the  evil  this  increased  it,  for  the  people 
at  once  went  to  raising  scorpions  regardless 
of  the  peril  to  the  children  that  they  might 
kill  them  for  the  reward.  So  the  saloon- 
keepers, "for  reward,"  are  raising  the 
scorpions  of  intemperance  that  destroy  our 
boys  and  girls.  In  view  of  the  indiflFerence 
of  earthly  rulers  to  such  infamies,  a  just 
God    must   have   an    after-death    Court   of 


Error  where  such  scorpion  raisers  will  find 
the  just  reward  of  their  hellish  crimes. 

The    Arrest    of  Thought  for  Liquor 
Dealers. 

I  believe  that  some  saloon-keepers  might 
be  saved  from  the  hell  to  which  they  are 
hastening  by  tactful  appeals  in  behalf  of 
their  own  homes  and  the  homes  of  others. 
A  saloon-keeper  went  home  one  afternoon 
when  his  wife  was  out  shopping.  He  went 
through  the  house  into  the  back  yard,  and 
there  under  an  apple-tree  his  boys  and 
others  were  playing  "keep  saloon."  They 
had  a  bench  and  some  bottles  and  tumblers. 
He  noticed  that  they  were  drinking  some- 
thing out  of  a  pail,  and  that  they  acted 
strange.  The  youngest,  who  was  behind  the 
bar,  had  a  towel  wound  around  his  waist, 
and  was  freely  dispensing  the  liquor. 
Smith  walked  over  and  looked  into  the 
pail.  It  was  beer,  and  two  of  the  boys  were 
so  drunk  that  they  staggered.  A  neighbor's 
boy,  two  years  older,  lay  asleep  behind  a 
tree.  "Boys,  you  must  not  drink  that !"  he 
said,  as  he  lifted  his  six-year-old  from  be- 
hind the  bench.  "We's  playin'  s'loon,  papa; 
an'  I  was  sellin'  it  just  like  you,"  said  the 
little  fellow  proudly.  Smith  poured  out  the 
beer,  carried  his  neighbor's  drunken  boy 
home,  and  then  put  his  own  boys  to  bed. 
When  his  wife  came  back  she  found  him 
crying  like  a  child.  He  came  downtown 
that  night  and  sold  out  his  business,  and 
says  he  will  never  sell  or  drink  another 
drop  of  liquor. 


See  Class  Pledge  at  end  of  book. 


Intoxicating  liquor  is  the  devil's  fishhook. 
It  easily  goes  in — but  not  out.  The  ten- 
dency of  the  use  of  a  little  intoxicating 
liquor  is  to  produce  a  diseased  appetite 
for  more. — Dr.  Joseph  Cook. 


A  WORLD-WIDE  WAR  ON  OPIUM. 


1.  Opium  for  vicious  uses  was  introduced 
into  China  mostly  by  Portuguese  and  Brit- 
ish smugglers,  in  defiance  of  China's  law 
prohibiting  the  sale  or  use  of  opium  except 
for  medicinal  uses.  Dr.  James  S.  Dennis, 
author  of  "Missions  and  Social  Progress," 
the  highest  authority  on  such  themes,  says 
that  China,  until  seduced  and  forced  by  so- 
called  Christian  nations,  was  almost  wholly 
free  from  vicious  uses  of  opium.  2.  When 
the  Chinese  government  seized  the  smug- 
glers' opium,  Great  Britain  fought  to  de- 
fend and  reimburse  the  smugglers.  Three 
Opium  Wars  were  necessary  before  Britain 
could  compel  China  to  license  the  intoxicat- 
ing drug.  After  the  first  Opium  War, 
1840-42,  although  China  was  powerless  to 
enforce  her  decree,  the  Emperor,  with  a  no- 
bility that  might  well  shame  most  of  the 
so-called  Christian  rulers,  said  to  those 
who  urged  the  licensing  of  opium :  "I  will 
not  take  a  revenue  from  what  represents 
the  vices  and  misfortunes  of  my  subjects." 
The  illegal  smuggling  went  on,  however, 
and  another  Opium  War  was  fought  in 
1858,  at  the  close  of  which  the  crushed 
Emperor,  with  only  blunderbusses  to  re- 
sist modern  gunboats  and  artillery,  con- 
sented to  license  the  importation  of  opium 
at  a  few  ports.  But  it  took  yet  another 
Opium  War,  in  1861,  to  write  in  blood  this 
license  of  opium.  3.  Some  of  the  British 
people,  led  by  the  Society  of  Friends,  or- 
ganized their  protests  against  this  wrong 
in  anti-opium  societies,  that  for  sixty 
years  fought  to  emancipate  China.  India 
made  so  much  money  from  it  that  even 
an  opium  commission,  appointed  to  investi- 
gate, whitewashed  the  infamy — only  Hon. 
H.  J.  Wilson  refusing  to  sign.  Parliament 
at  one  time  voted  a  dipclaration  that  "the 
Indo-Chinese  opium  trade  is  morally  inde- 
fensible''— they  might  well  have  added  but 
financially    iiiiprcgiwhlc. 

In  1903,  an  opium  monopoly  proposed  by 
the  American  Philippine  government,  was 
overruled  through  an  appeal  from  the 
American  missionaries  and  Chinese  Board 
of  Trade  in  Manila  to  the  American  people 
through  the  International  Reform  Bureau. 
In  half  a  week  there  was  developed  such  a 
telegraphic  protest  that  President  Roosevelt 
electrocuted  by  a  cablegram  the  half-born 
opium  monopoly.  As  a  result,  an  Opium 
Commission  was  sent  out  that  reported  the 
truth  about  opium  in  Asia.  Then  in  1905 
opium  prohibition  was  ordered  bv  Congress 
to  take  full  effect  March  1,  1908.  About 
ithe  same  time  Australia,  New  Zealand  and 
South  Africa  banished  opium.  This  wave 
of   anti-opium    reform   reached   the   British 


Parliament  May  30,  190G,  and  swept 
through  unanimously  a  resolution  that  the 
British  government  should  "bring  the  Indo- 
Chinese    opium    trade   to    a    speedy    close." 

In  the  debate,  the  Rt.  Hon.  John  Mor- 
ley,  Secretary  of  State  for  India,  declared 
that  if  China  really  desired  to  be  rid  of 
the  evil,  the  British  Government  would 
interpose  no  obstacle.  This,  even  more 
than  the  vote  of  Parliament,  encouraged 
the  Chinese  Government  to  issue  edicts 
ordering  the  closing  of  the  opium  dens 
in  six  months  and  the  discontinuance  of 
the  opium  habit  in  that  or  shorter  period 
by  all  officials.  Other  provisions  of  the 
edict  provided  for  the  gradual  reduction 
o;  the  poppy  cultivation,  with  a  view  to 
total  discontinuance  of  poppy  raising 
except  for  medical  purposes  at  the  end  of 
ten  years.  The  opium  dens  were  not  all 
closed  at  the  end  of  six  months,  but  the 
British  Ambassador  admitted  that  the 
Chinese  Government  had  made  progress 
in  this  difficult  reform.  In  1908  the 
national  feeling  against  opium  had  reached 
such  a  point  that  the  public  burning  of 
opium  pipes  became  a  national  passion. 

President  Roosevelt,  at  the  suggestion  of 
Bishop  Brent,  arranged  a  joint  commission 
on  opium  of  eleven  nations,  to  deal  such 
blows  as  might  be  possible  to  the  opium 
traffic  in  these  nations  themselves  and  in 
the  world  at  large.  The  countries  that 
accepted  an  invitation  to  participate  in 
this  world  parliament,  the  first  concert  of 
the  world,  were,  in  addition  to  the  United 
States,  China,  Japan,  Siam,  Persia,  Rus- 
sia, Germany,  France,  Great  Britain,  Hol- 
land and  Portugal.  The  Shanghai 
Conference  resolutions  were  encouraging, 
hut  left  the  chief  obstacle  to  anti-opium 
reforms,  the  British  opium  treaties,  for 
international  public  sentiment  to  remove. 
The  work  of  informing,  arousing  and 
expressing  sentiment  to  this  end  is  led  by 
the  only  societies  doing  international 
work  against  onium,  the  Representative 
Board  of  British  Anti-Opium  Societies, 
181  Queen  Victoria  Street,  E.  C, 
London,  and  the  International  Reform 
Bureau,  206  Pennsylvania  Avenue,  S.  E.. 
Washington,  D.  C,  which  last  provided 
the  field  marshal  for  this  international 
crusade  in  1908  by  appointing  as  its  secre- 
tary for  Eastern  Asia,  Rev.  Edward  W. 
Thwing,  who  had  been  for  twenty-two 
years  a  missionary  to  the  Chinese,  and 
speaks  fluently  Chinese  and  Japanese  as 
well  as  English.  (See  book  on  subject, 
last  cover.) 


Nations  Destroyed  by  Drink* 


Isaiah  28:   1-16. 


I  Woe  to  the  crown  of  pride  of  the 
drunkards  of  Ephraim,  and  to  the  fading 
flower  of  his  glorious  beauty,  w.hich  is  on 
the  head  of  the  fat  valley  of  them  that  are 
overcome  with  wine !  2  Behold,  the  Lord 
hath  a  mighty  and  strong  one ;  as  a  tem- 
pest of  hail,  a  destroying  storm,  as  a  tem- 
pest of  mighty  waters  overflowing,  will  he 
cast  down  to  the  earth  with  the  hand.  3 
The  crown  of  pride  of  the  drunkards  of 
Ephraim  shall  be  trodden  under  foot;  4 
and  the  fading  flower  of  his  glorious  beauty, 
which  is  on  the  head  of  the  fat  valley,  shall 
be  as  the  first-ripe  fig  before  the  summer ; 
which  when  he  that  looketh  upon  it  seeth, 
while  it  is  yet  in  his  hand  he  eateth  it  up. 
5  In  that  day  will  Jehovah  of  hosts  be- 
come a  crown  of  glory,  and  a  diadem  of 
beauty,  unto  the  residue  of  his  people;  6 
and  a  spirit  of  justice  to  him  that  sitteth 
in  judgment,  and  strength  to  them  that  turn 
back  the  battle  at  the  gate.  7  And  even 
these  reel  with  wine,  and  stagger  with 
strong  drink;  the  priest  and  the  prophet 
reel  with  strong  drink,  they  are  swallowed 
up  of  wine,  they  stagger  with  strong  drink; 
they  err  in  vision,  they  stumble  in  judg- 
ment. 8  For  all  tables  are  full  of  vomit 
and  filthiness,  so  that  there  is  no  place 
clean.    9  Whom  will  he  teach  knowledge? 


and  whom  will  he  make  to  understand  the 
message?  them  that  are  weaned  from  the 
milk,  and  drawn  from  the  breasts?  10 
For  it  is  precept  upon  precept,  precept  upon 
precept;  line  upon  line,  line  upon  line;  here 
a  little,  there  a  little.  11  Nay,  but  by  men  of 
strange  lips  and  with  another  tongue  will 
he  speak  to  this  people;  12  to  whom  he 
said.  This  is  the  rest,  give  ye  rest  to  him 
that  is  weary;  and  this  is  the  refreshing; 
yet  they  would  not  hear.  13  Therefore 
shall  the  word  of  Jehovah  be  unto  them 
precept  upon  precept,  precept  upon  precept; 
line  upon  line,  line  upon  line ;  here  a  little, 
there  a  little ;  that  they  may  go  and  fall 
backward,  and  be  broken,  and  snared,  and 
taken.  14  Wherefore  hear  the  word  of 
Jehovah,  ye  scoffers,  that  rule  this  people 
that  is  in  Jerusalem :  15  Because  ye  have 
said,  We  have  made  a  covenant  with  death, 
and  with  Sheol  are  we  at  agreement;  when 
the  overflowing  scourge  shall  pass  through, 
it  shall  not  come  unto  us;  for  we  have 
made  lies  our  refuge,  and  under  falsehood 
have  we  hid  ourselves:  16  Therefore  thus 
saith  the  Lord  Jehovah,  Behold,  I  lay  in 
Zion  for  a  foundation  a  stone,  a  tried 
stone,  a  precious  corner-.f/o«(?  of  sure 
foundation :  he  that  believeth  shall  not  be 
in  haste. 


Golden  Text: 


Behold  I  lay  in  Zion  for  a  foundation    *     *     "* 
of  sure  foundation. — Isa.  28:  16. 


a  precious  corner-stone. 


The  Wreath  of  the  Reveler, 
the  First  Link  in  Israel's 
Chain  of  Captivity, 

"Woe  to  the  crown  of  pride  of 
the  drunkards  of  Ephraim,  and  to  the 
fading  Hozver  of  Jiis  glorious  beauty." 
Isaiah  here  calls  the  whole  kingdom 
of  Israel  "Ephraim,"  after  the  name 
of  its  chief  tribe.  Samaria,  the  cap- 
ital city  of  Israel,  was  built  on  the 
summit  of  a  verdant,  isolated  cone- 
shaped  hill,  where  the  marble  palaces, 
glistening  in  the  sun,  seemed  from  a 
distance  like  the  crown  of  silver  olive 
leaves,  with  which  its  revelers  were 
crowned  at  their  feasts.  Because  its 
people   were   so   given   to   wine,   this 


"glorious  beauty"  was  to  become  a 
lost  crown,  "a.  fading  flower."  When 
Isaiah  spoke,  the  Assyrians  were 
already  sweeping  down,  like  a 
"scourge  of  God,"  upon  the  upper 
kingdom,  whose  sin  and  fall  Isaiah 
held  up  as  a  mirror  of  Judah's  pres- 
ent sin  and  future  fall,  which  occurred 
about  a  hundred  years  later.  Sama- 
ria is  to-day  a  ruin,  whose  broken 
marble  pillars  on  the  hilltop  suggest  a 
crushed  wreath  or  a  trampled  crown, 
an  eloquent  warning  against  the  vices 
that  blight  nations  and  individuals 
alike.  The  word  Sychar  (John  4:5), 
afterwards  given  to  a  village  close  at 
hand,  is  supposed  to  come  from 
shikkora,  meaning  drunkards,  a  mon- 


88 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


(From  Painting  by  Mose  Lilien,  representing  Isaiah  28  :  1,  2.) 


ument  of  the  shame  described  in  the 
text.  That  it  was  real  drunkenness, 
not  a  poetic  allegory,  Amos'  testimony 
shows  (Amos  4:  i).  "Look,"  says 
Isaiah,  in  substance,  "to  the  ruin 
which  intemperance  is  bringing  to  our 
sister  state,  and  behold  the  same  symp- 
toms of  approaching  national  death 
here  in  Judah." 

Why  Nations  Die, 

Samaria  and  Judah  were  never  con- 
quered except  when  corrupted.  The 
bottles  on  the  inside  were  the  batter- 
ing rams  they  had  most  to  fear.  Sel- 
dom has  even  a  small  nation  been 
conquered  when  robust  in  virtue.  The 
American  colonies  in  1776,  and  the 
Swiss,  in  many  wars,  are  examples. 
And  what  a  defense  a  handful  of 
Boers,  fortified  with  Bibles  and  cold 
water,  recently  put  up  against  one  of 
the  mightiest  powers  in  Europe ! 
Since  no   nation   ever   died   of    free 


trade,  or  free  silver,  but  many  have 
died  of  free  love^  that  is,  of  immoral- 
ity in  its  many  forms,  we  of  the  rank 
and  file  should  demand  of  political 
leaders  that  moral  questions  shall  be 
recognized  as  the  chief  questions  in 
politics. 

The  figure  of  a  "crown"  lost  through 
drink,  a  laurel  wreath  blighted  by 
dissipation,  has  a  personal  as  well  as 
national  significance,  and  recalls  many 
a  king  besides  Belshazzar,  whose 
doom  came  as  he  drank,  and  many  a 
genius,  like  Poe  and  Burns,  whose 
glorious  beauty  was  a  fading  flower, 
because  the  blight  of  appetite  was  upon 
his  laurels. 

New  York,  a  few  years  ago,  fur- 
nished a  fresh  illustration  of  the  fact 
that  drink,  like  death,  "loves  a  shin- 
ing mark" — and  in  this  case  both  hit 
the  mark.  One  morning  the  papers 
published  the  news  that  a  man  had 
been  murdered  in  a  saloon,  in  a  quar- 


Nations  Destroyed  by  Drink. 


89 


rcl  about  women.  The  victim  was 
the  son  of  a  world-famed  statesman, 
and  had  himself  worn  "crowns  of 
pride,"  in  diplomacy,  in  finance  and  in 
society ;  but  in  that  uncovering  of  his 
double  life  his  crowns  suddenly  faded. 
Far  worse  than  death  was  the  shame 
he  had  brought  on  himself  and  his 
family.  His  bottle  had  proved  a  bul- 
let to  shoot  his  loved  ones  to  the  heart. 

A  native  of  Peru  has  slain  an  ani- 
mal for  food.  He  leaves  upon  the 
skin  some  pieces  of  the  raw  flesh  and 
goes  with  it  far  up  the  mountain  side, 
upon  the  rugged  Andes.  He  finds  a 
crevice  in  the  rock,  lies  down  in  it  and 
covers  himself  up  with  the  skin,  with 
the  raw  side  exposed.  The  giant  con- 
dor, seated  on  the  cliff,  or  soaring  far 
above  the  clouds,  scents  the  flesh.  He 
drops  upon  the  pelt  and  pulls  the 
flesh  off  with  his  beak.  But  the  native 
underneath  seizes  him  by  the  feet, 
and,  wrapping  the  skin  around  him, 
sells  him  at  the  nearest  port,  to  dec- 
orate some  city  park  a  thousand  miles 
away.  So  many  a  genius,  capable  of 
a  lofty  flight,  is  caught  and  carried 
captive  through  his  appetites. 

"Overcome  zvitli  zuine."  The  orig- 
inal word  means  one  smitten,  beaten, 
knocked  down  with  wine,  as  with  a 
hammer  ;  laid  prostrate,  unable  to  rise. 
It  is  the  fashion  to  lay  such  deadly 
blows  of  drink  mostly  to  whiskey  and 
other  distilled  liquors,  but  it  is  wine 
which  carries  the  bludgeon  in  this 
text.  It  is  even  worse  to-day,  when 
wine  not  only  does  its  own  mischief 
but  leads  its  victim  on  to  the  thrall  of 
the  spirituous  liquors.  For  example, 
in  France,  where  the  people  drink  on 
the  average  more  wine  than  any  other 
people,  and  the  purest  wine,  for  they 
make  it  themselves,  the  wine  does  not 
lessen  the  consumption  of  stronger 
drinks,  as  is  shown  by  a  table  of  liquor 
revenue  statistics,  gathered  by  Amer- 
ican consuls  from  many  nations  in 
1904.    The  French  people  drink  more 


distilled  liquor  per  capita  than  those 
of  any  other  land,  much  of  it  the 
worst  kind,  absinthe,  to  which  their 
doctors  and  statesmen  alike  attribute, 
more  than  to  anything  else  except 
impurity,  which  is  largely  prompted 
by  drink,  the  fact  that  in  France  alone 
of  all  civilized  nations,  the  birth  rate 
has  fallen  below  the  death  rate.  In 
Switzerland,  another  wine  country, 
the  absinthe  habit  became  so  serious 
that  it  was  prohibited  in  1908  by  a 
referendum.  The  Emperor  of  Ger- 
many, having  investigated  the  increas- 
ing consumption  of  intoxicating  bev- 
erages among  his  subjects  in  1904, 
was  quoted  as  saying,  "This  tremen- 
dous guzzling  must  be  stopped  some- 
how." These  facts  make  sad  havoc 
of  the  old  fallacy  about  beer  and  wine 
being  cures  for  drunkenness.  "Light 
wines — nothing  so  treacherous!"  said 
Sir  Edward  Bulwer-Lvtton ;  "they 
inflame  the  brain  like  fire,  while  melt- 
ing on  the  palate  like  ice.  All  inhab- 
itants of  light  wine  countries  are 
quarrelsome." 

"Overcome  with  wine !''  That  has 
been  written  of  many  who  started  life 
as  confidently  as  the  bright  boys  and 
girls  in  our  Sunday-schools.  Shall  it 
be  written  of  any  to  whom  this  lesson 
comes  with  timely  warning?  It  can- 
not be  true  of  any  person  whose  prac- 
tice is  abstinence.  When  "overcome 
of  wine"  a  man  becomes  a  wild  beast, 
and  even  a  beast  it  makes  more 
beastly.  A  Chicago  dispatch  said,  "A 
big  herd  of  cattle,  maddened  and  half 
intoxicated  from  alcohol  used  in  dis- 
tillery 'slop'  fed  to  them,  stampeded 
in  the  stockyards.  More  than  a  score 
of  the  animals  met  death  in  the  rush. 
Scenes  were  enacted  that  for  terror 
and  blood  made  old  stockmen  and 
cowboys  turn  their  backs.  One  man 
nearly  lost  his  life.  The  herd  stam- 
peded numbered  more  than  six  hun- 
dred of  the  kind  that  are  known  as 
the  "distillery  cattle,"  because  they  are 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


GOING   INTO   CAPTIVITy. 


Nations  Destroyed  by  Drink. 


9U 


fattened  on  the  refuse  from  liquor 
mills."  Drunken  horned  cattle  are  not 
so  terrible  as  drunken  men  armed  with 
pistols  as  they  rage  about  the  streets 
and  about  their  homes,  destroying 
wife  and  children  and  neighbors. 

"Overcome  of  wine" — shall  it  be 
written  of  you  ?  Shall  it  be  written  of 
our  country  ?  Shall  we  not  rather  our- 
selves "overcome"  this  personal  and 
national  foe  by  total  abstinence  and 
prohibition,  the  only  weapons  with 
which  it  has  been  overcome  anywhere. 
In  this  matter,  the  Orient  has  been 
wiser  than  the  Occident.  Ancient 
India  and  Arabia  were  greatly  cursed 
by  drunkenness,  but  the  religious 
leaders  did  not  make  the  deadly 
blunder  made  by  Europe  and  America 
for  ages,  of  relying  upon  "modera- 
tion" and  "license"  as  cures  for  this 
curse.  The  leaders  in  Church  and 
State  in  India  and  Arabia  said,  in 
the  name  of  religion  and  government, 
"Stop  the  habit,  stop  the  traffic !"  And 
the  result  is,  seven  hundred  millions 
of  Hindoos,  Buddhists  and  Mohamme- 
dans are  free  from  even  the  hereditary 
taint  of  alcohol — only  a  few  have  yet 
been  corrupted  by  white  men — refut- 
ing utterly  that  shallow  sophistry  of 
the  indulgent  and  the  lazy,  that  "all 
men  have  an  inherent  appetite  for 
drink,  that  will  be  gratified  in  some 
way,  and  so  it  is  useless  to  fight 
against  it." 

The  Worst  of  Floods. 

"Behold  the  Lord  hath  a  mighty 
and  strong  one;  .  ...  as  a  tempest 
of  mighty  waters  overflowing."  This 
is  the  prophet's  description  of  the 
Assyrian  army,  which  was  pouring 
like  a  resistless,  destroying  flood, 
swept  on  by  a  tempest  of  hail,  down 
upon  the  kingdom  of  Israel,  to  cast 
down  its  crown — a  flood  which  God 
would  not  stay  because  Israel's  sins 
called   for  judgment.     This   descrip- 


lion  is  not  too  strong  for  the  curse  of 
drink,  which  is  a  rising  flood,  pouring 
through  all  lands,  was  increasing  in 
every  country  in  the  world  at  the 
dawn  of  the  20th  Christian  Century. 
As  in  Israel  and  Judah  in  the  pros- 
perous time  of  our  story,  so  every- 
where increasing  intemperance  is  a 
dread  consequence  of  "prosperity." 
The  "fat  valleys"  and  the  "overcoming 
of  wine"  evermore  go  together. 
"Neither  abundance  of  food,  nor 
splendor  of  scenery,  nor  religious 
mstitutions,  were  able  to  preserve 
the  Ephraimites  from  the  effects 
of  the  dissoluteness  which  they 
courted  by  the  use  of  intoxicating 
wine.  The  Jews  had  a  tradition  that 
the  wine  of  Pregiatha  and  the  waters 
of  Diomasit  cut  off  the  ten  tribes." 
This  flood  of  drink  is  not  a  visitation 
of  God,  but  is  due  to  our  own  self- 
indulgence  and  cowardice.  We 
might  have  shut  the  flood  out  of  the 
land  by  dykes  of  prohibition,  and  out 
of  our  homes  by  total  abstinence. 

Trampled  Crowns. 

"The  crown  of  pride  shall  he  trod- 
den under  foot."  Here  again  the  revel- 
er's crown  is  pictured,  not  alone  as 
faded,  but  as  trampled  under  foot. 
How  literally  all  that  is  beautiful  in 
life  is  trampled  under  foot  by  drink! 
Even  the  orange  blossoms  of  a  happy 
bride  are  soon  trampled  on  by  a 
drunken  husband — alas !  with  increas- 
ing frequency  in  these  days  by  a 
drunken  wife .  Love  is  turned  to 
loathing.  The  beautiful  boy  becomes 
a  bloated  tramp,  the  beautiful  girl  a 
drunkard's  haggard  wife.  Let  us  stop 
this  treading  of  beauty  under  foot,  and 
instead  tread  down  the  evil  custom 
and  stamp  out  the  evil  traffic.  Let  us 
put  with  Isaiah's  "Woe  to  the  crown 
of  pride,"  Solomon's  "Who  hath 
woe?"  and  Habakkuk's  "Woe  unto 
him  that  giveth  his  neighbor  drink." 
We  give  our  neighbor  drink  when  we 


92 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


directly  or  indirectly  authorize  another 
to  do  it. 

"As  the  first  ripe  fig."  The  gather- 
ing of  figs  takes  place  about  August. 
Now  if  anyone  sees  a  fig  as  early  as 
June,  he  fixes  his  eye  upon  it  and 
hardly  touches  it  with  his  hand  before 
he  swallows  it.  "Like  such  a  dainty 
bit,"  says  Delitsch,  "will  the  luxuriant 
Samaria  vanish."  How  many  a  strong 
man  has  been  thrown  down,  like  a 
faded  wreath,  by  wine,  his  money 
seized  like  the  "first  ripe  fig"  by  the 
dealer ! 

Captivity  to  Alcohol  in  Judah 
Preceding  and  Preparing  for 
Captivity  in  Assyria. 

"In  that  day  shall  the  Lord  of  hosts 
be  for  a  croimi  of  glory  unto  the 
residue  of  his  people."  Here  the 
prophet  turns  to  Judah,  which  is  to  be 
the  "residue"  when  presently  Israel  is 
carried  captive ;  but  even  in  Judah  he 
seems  to  single  out  in  this  verse  the 
few  that  are  loyal,  before  turning  to 
the  many  whose  intemperance  will 
bring  ruin  to  the  nation.  In  contrast 
with  the  reveler's  crown  this  verse 
sets  the  present  crown  of  glory  that 
God  gives  to  those  who  keep  His  wise 
and  powerful  laws,  revealed  in  Scrip- 
ture and  nature  for  our  good  always. 
If  there  were  no  world  but  this,  it 
would  never  pay  to  break  a  law  of 
God,  as  every  one  does  who  uses  a 
poison  as  a  beverage.  He  who  breaks 
the  law  of  God,  collides  with  the  uni- 
verse. No  real  defeat  can  come  to  2. 
good  man,  for  this  God-made,  God- 
ruled  world  was  made  for  good  men. 

Fierce  though  the  fiends  may  fight, 
And  long  though  the  angels  hide, 

We  know  that  the  truth  and  right 
Have  the  universe  on  their  side. 
Washington  Gladden. 


punishment  of  the  neighboring  king- 
dom, Isaiah,  as  a  faithful  preacher 
and  teacher,  plainly  tells  the  rulers  of 
Judah  that  the  same  sins  are  to  be 
found  at  home,  and  will  bring  like 
retribution  sooner  or  later.  "Israel 
enslaved  to  drink  will  soon  be  captive 
in  Assyria,"  he  says  in  substance,  "and 
so  will  Judah  if  you  do  not  reform." 
The  warning  was  in  vain.  Judah  con- 
tinued to  drink  and  indulge  the  other 
sins  it  led  to,  especially  in  a  luxuri- 
ous time,  and  in  a  hundred  years  the 
nation  fell.  During  the  Spanish  war 
the  writer  one  Sabbath  evening  told 
a  union  meeting  of  the  churches  of 
the  city  of  Cincinnati  that  if  they 
went  on  tolerating  such  a  Spanish 
Sunday  as  he  had  seen  that  day  in 
their  city,  a  combination  of  Sabbath 
breaking,  intemperance  and  impurity, 
they  would  in  a  hundred  years  be 
Spanish  themselves.  Little  heed  is 
commonly  given  to  such  warnings. 
The  man  who  is  beginning  to  drink, 
says  gaily,  "I  could  stop,  but  I  won't," 
taking  no  warning  from  the  sot  beside 
him  who  exclaims  bitterly,  "I  would 
abstain,  but  I  can't."  The  greatest 
error  of  those  who  have  to  do  with 
wine  is  the  error  which  the  French 
scientists  are  exposing  in  a  bill-poster 
campaign  against  "alcoholism,"  which 
means  the  diseased  condition  of  the 
tippler  who  may  never  have  been 
drunk,  but  whose  bodily  cells  are  all 
poisoned  by  a  daily  indulgence  that 
ignorant  people  call  "moderation"  and 
suppose  to  be  harmless.  It  is  gross 
ignorance  to  think  the  only  peril  in 
using  intoxicants  is  the  danger  of 
getting  drunk.  A  monthly  spree  is 
less  harmful  than  a  daily  tipple. 


"They    also    have    erred    through 
wine."    Having  pointed  out  the  sin  and 


ThG  saloons  would  aDollsh  the 
churches  if  they  could. 

The  churches  could  abolish  the 
saloons  if  they  would. 


Nations  Destroyed  by  Drink. 


93 


"The  priests  and  the  prophets  have 
erred  through  strong  drink."  Thank 
God,  our  American  preachers  are 
mostly  right  as  to  abstinence  at  least, 
though  some  of  them,  because  moral 
questions  did  not  receive  due  atten- 
tion in  their  education,  do  not  see  that 
prohibition  is  the  only  right  and  effect- 
ive attitude  for  the  government  to  take 
toward  a  traffic  which  is  the  worst  foe 
of  the  nation's  homes,  of  its  com- 
merce, of  its  politics.  Gladstone's 
great  word,  "It  is  the  purpose  of  the 
law  to  make  it  as  hard  as  possible  to 
do  wrong  and  as  easy  as  possible  to  do 
right,"  exactly  defines  the  aim  of  all 
prohibitory  laws,  and  answers  objec- 
tions, based  on  the  assumption  that 
prohibition  does  not  prohibit  if  it  does 
not  annihilate.  The  only  proper  test 
of  a  law  is:  "Does  it  make  it  harder 
to  do  wrong?"  No  statistics  are 
needed  to  prove  that  prohibition  makes 
it  harder  to  sell  drink  than  any  other 
law,  for  the  liquor  dealers  have  organ- 
ized literary  bureaus  that  are  paying 
advertising  rates  in  newspapers  for 
articles  written  to  prove  that  prohibi- 
tion is  a  failure.  They  will  make  some 
believe  that,  who  have  not  wit  enough 
to  see  that  if  more  liquor  is  sold  under 
prohibition,  with  no  license  fee  to  pay, 
all  the  liquor  dealers  would  favor  and 
promote  prohibition. 

Cigarettes,  Too* 

Writing  in  Science  Progress,  in 
1908,  Dr.Cushny  maintains  that  "some 
of  the  highest  functions  of  the  brain 
are  thrown  out  of  action  by  alcohol 


administered  in  quantities  which  in- 
duce the  phase  of  exhilaration.  Thus 
it  is  found  that  typesetters  do  a  smaller 
amount  of  work  and  make  a  much 
larger  number  of  misprints  when  even 
a  couple  of  glasses  of  beer  are  allowed 
than  when  they  perform  their  work 
without  the  beer."  George  Baumhoff, 
Superintendent  Lindell  Railway,  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  once  said:  "Under  no 
circumstances  will  I  hire  a  man  who 
smokes  cigarettes.  He  is  as  dangerous 
at  the  front  end  of  a  motor  as  the  man 
who  drinks ;  in  fact  he  is  more  danger- 
ous. His  nerves  are  bound  to  give 
away  at  a  critical  moment.  A  motor- 
man  needs  his  nerve  all  the  time,  and 
a  cigarette  smoker  cannot  stand  the 
strain."  Thomas  A.  Edison,  the 
great  chemist  and  inventor,  says : 
"The  smoking  of  cigarettes  is  one  of 
the  worst,  most  offensive  and  harmful 
habits  acquired  by  man.  It  ought  to 
be  against  the  law  to  sell  or  smoke 
them.  They  go  well  together  those 
two  drugs — cigarettes  and  alcohol — 
and  they  accomplish  wonders  in  re- 
ducing man  to  a  vicious  animal." 
(Apply  with  stamp  to  Sunday-school 
Times,  Philadelphia,  for  leaflet  show- 
ing doors  closed  to  users  of  cigar- 
ettes.) 

"They  err  in  vision,  they  stumble  in 
judgment."  In  this  description  of  the 
effect  of  liquor  upon  brain  and  soul 
we  get  close  to  the  reason  why  fifty- 
one  per  cent,  of  all  American  employ- 
ers forbid  their  men  to  drink  on  duty 
— many  of  them  requiring  total  abstin- 
ence at  all  times.    A  man  who  is  even 


At  first: 

"What 
will 
you 
have?' 

CIDER 

BEER 

WINE 

HLE 

BRT^NDY 

WHI5KEV 

Run 

GIN 

At  me  last: 

"What 
will 
nave 
You?" 

94 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


slightly  under  the  influence  of  alcohol 
is  likely  to  make  some  error  of 
"vision"  or  of  "judgment"  that  may 
have  serious  results,  or  by  loss  of  that 
higher  "vision"  that  relates  to  charac- 
ter he  is  likely  to  get  into  those  vices 
that  are  so  costly  that  dishonesty  is  the 
logical  result. 

Notwithstanding  the  fact  that  more 
than  half  the  business  establishments 
of  America  either  require  abstinence 
of  their  employees  at  least  while  on 
duty,  or  discriminate  in  other  ways  in 
favor  of  the  abstainer,  the  per  capita 
American  consumption  of  intoxicants 
in  1907  was  more  than  twenty-three 
gallons  per  capita,  and  the  direct  cost 
$1,400,000,000,  with  as  much  more  of 
indirect  cost.  And  the  American  con- 
sumption is  less  than  that  of  any  other 
white  commonwealth  except  Canada 
and  Australasia.  Canada  consumes 
one-fourth  and  Australasia  three- 
fourths  as  much  per  capita.  There 
was  a  slight  decrease  in  liquor  con- 
sumption in  1908,  due  probably  to 
five  States  adopting  prohibition  in 
that  and  the  previous  year.  For  our 
own  sakes,  and  our  country's  sake, 
let  us  keep  clear  brains  and  pure 
hearts. 

"Whom  shall  he  teach  knozvledge?" 
Drunken  officials  answer  Isaiah  in 
substance :  "What  do  you  take  us 
for?  Newly- weaned  babes  that  need 
such  stammering  baby  talk?"  To 
which   the  prophet   replies   that   God 


will  speak  to  them  through  a  people 
whose  strange  tongue  shall  seem  to 
them  like  stammering,  since  they  have 
refused  the  "rest"  He  has  offered 
them.  He  reads  out  of  their  hearts 
their  confidence  in  escape  from 
threatened  punishment  from  Assyria 
through  "covenants"  or  treaties  with 
Egypt,  which  he  assures  them  will  be 
in  vain'. 

"Therefore  .  .  .  behold  I  lay  in 
Zion  ...  a  precious  corner-stone." 
"Therefore"  is  strangely  followed  by  a 
promise  instead  of  a  threat,  but,  as  the 
last  clause  shows,  a  promise  for  believ- 
ers only  and  so  a  savor  of  death  unto 
death  to  all  others.  Jehovah  opposes 
to  the  false  ground  of  confidence  on 
which  the  leaders  relied,  namely, 
covenants  with  Egypt,  the  foundation- 
stone  to  be  laid  in  Zion,  Jesus  Christ, 
which  would  uphold  the  believing  in 
immovable  safety,  but  on  which  the 
imbelieving  would  be  broken  in 
pieces  (Matt.  21 :  44). 

Israel's  captivity  was  perpetual,  as 
we  recall  in  speaking  sadly  of  the  "lost 
tribes,"  while  Judah  repented  and  was 
restored.  So  the  many  among  those 
who  once  enter  the  captivity  of  appe- 
tite are  "lost,"  while  a  few  only  are 
restored,  mostly  those  who  have 
learned  in  their  despair  that 

The     Lion    of    Jiulah     can     break    ever3'' 

chain, 
And  give  us  the  victory  again  and  again. 


"The  best  thing  in  all  education  is  to 
make  our  nervous  system  our  ally  instead 
of  our  enemy.  It  is  to  fund  and  capita- 
lize our  acquisitions,  and  live  at  ease  upon 
the  interest  of  the  fund.  For  this  we  must 
make  automatic  and  habitual,  as  early  as 
possible,  as  many  useful  acquisitions  as  we 
can,  and  guard  against  growing  into. ways 
that  are  likely  to  be  disadvantageous  to 
use,  as  we  should  guard  against  the  plague. 
The  more  of  the  details  of  our  daily  life 


we  hand  over  to  the  effortless  custody 
of  automatism,  the  more  our  higher 
powers  of  mind  will  be  set  free  for  their 
own  proper  work.  There  is  no  more 
miserable  being  than  the  one  in  whom 
nothing  is  habitual  but  indecision.  Full 
half  the  time  of  such  a  man  goes  to  the 
deciding  or  regretting  of  matters  which 
ought  to  be  so  ingrained  in  him  as  prac- 
ticallv  not  to  exist  for  his  consciousness 
at  all." — James'  Psychology. 


See  Class  Pledge  at  cud  of  book. 


THE  LOYAL  TEMPERANCE  LEGION 


[The  authors  of  this  book  regard  the  Loyal 
Temperance  Legion  as  second  to  none  in 
(|uality  among  the  young  people's  societies 
of  the  world.  As  devotional  as  any,  it  fol- 
lows Pentecost  with  a  book  of  acts.  It 
includes  in  its  practical  applications  of  Chris- 
tianity not  one  virtue  only,  but  all,  and  not 
their  relation  to  the  individual  only,  but  to 
the  community.  Its  conventions  show  no 
less  enthusiasm  than  others  but  more 
knowledge    of    personal    and    social    ethics.] 

The  Loyal  Temperance  Legion  is  a  world- 
wide organization  for  young  people,  organ- 
ized years  ago  by  Frances  Willard,  for  the 
study  of  the  facts  about  temperance,  and  for 
the  development  of  rounded,  pure  and  ear- 
nest character.  All  members  sign  the  triple 
pledge — against  alcohol,  tobacco  and  profan- 
ity— and  pass  an  examination  upon  the  study 
of  four  manuals  covering  temperance,  char- 
acter, mercy,  purity,  Christian  citizenship 
and  tobacco.  A  diploma  is  awarded  those 
wdio  pass,  and  active  work  is  carried  on  by 
the  society  in  all  lines  of  its  study. 

Many  Sunday-schools  organize  a  Loyal 
Temperance  Legion  and  have  its  officers 
take  entire  charge  of  the  quarterly  temper- 
ance Sundays,  or  of  the  opening  or  closing 
service  once  a  month.  Prepared  programs 
of  readings  and  music,  and  a  study  of  tem- 
perance text-books  by  the  entire  school  make 
the  temperance  Sundays  of  real  value.  There 
are  also  weekly  meetings  of  the  members  for 
study  and  the  planning  of  practical  reform 
work  suited  to  the  Legion.  Members  of  the 
Sunday-school  and  young  people's  society 
are  encouraged  to  take  examinations,  and  a 
"Commencement"  is  held  annually,  at  which 
the  diplomas  are  awarded  and  salutatory 
and  valedictory  addresses  made. 

No  plan  ever  tried  has  had  better  effect 
in  making  young  people  grasp  the  temper- 
ance idea,  and  take  an  active  interest  in  it. 
The  text-books  give  them  facts  and  figures 
to  interest  them,  and  the  L.  T.  L.,  with  its 
fine  organization,  mottoes,  conventions, 
pledges,  constitution,  song  books,  badges  and 
special  literature,  offers  an  unusual  attrac- 
tion, while  at  the  same  time  carrying  on  a 
broad,  fine  work  for  temperance  and  char- 
acter-building, which  is  thoroughly  in  line 
with  the  purpose  of  the  Sunday-school. 

The  weekly  meetings  of  the  L.  T.  L. 
organization  give  an  opportunity  for  the 
reading  of  papers,  for  debates  and  discus- 
sions, and  for  organized  local  efifort  along 
the   lines   of   Christian   citizenship,   temper- 


ance, anti-narcotics,  anti-gambling,  humane 
work  and  the  like.  Frequently  the  L.  T.  L. 
can  even  take  charge  of  a  church  service 
in  the  interest  of  temperance.  The  great 
value  of  the  L.  T.  L.  is  in  equipping  young 
people  with  practical  civic  knowledge,  so 
that  they  can  exercise  their  own  judgment 
in  leading  a  temperate  life  and  unrlerstand 
its  benefits  for  themselves. 

Miss  Margaret  Wintringer,  Evanston,  111., 
is  the  National  L.  T.  L.  Secretary,  and  will 
gladly  send  details  of  a  plan  of  Sundav- 
school  organization. 

Constitution    for   a    Senior    Loyal    Tem- 
perance   Legion. 

1.  Name  and  Objkct.  1.  This  organization 
shall  be  called  the 

Senior  Loyal  Temperance  Legion  of 

2.  Its  object  shall  be  the  education  of  the 
members  in  the  principles  of  total  abstinence 
from  alcoholic  liquors  and  other  narcotics,  from 
a  moral,  scientific  and  political  standpoint;  the 
promotion  of  purity  and  of  good  citizenship  and 
the  development  of  Christian  reform  work. 

n.  Membership.  1.  Any  person  thirteen 
years  (fourteen  may  be  substituted  if  deemed 
advisable)  or  upward  may  become  a  member 
in  full  standing  by  the  payinent  of  dues  and  the 
signing-  of  the  constitution  and  the  following 
triple  pledge  : 

Tnistinc)  in  Ood's  help  I  solemnly  prom- 
ise to  ahstain  from  the  use  of  aleoholic 
fhinJi's,  inclKfliiig  vine,  heer  and  cider,  from 
the  use  of  tobacco  in  ani/  form,  and  from 
qyrofanlty,  and  to  endeavor  to  put  doirn 
indecent  language  and  all  coarse  jests,  and 
to  use  every  means  to  fulfil  the  command: 
"Keep  thyself  pure." 

2.  Any  person  not  yet  prepared  to  sign  tbe 
constitution  and  pledge  of  the  Legion.  b\it 
desiring  to  attend  its  meetings  regularly,  may 
pn.joy  all  the  privileges  of  the  meeting,  from 
which  they  are  not  debarred  by  the  constitu- 
tion, but  shall  be  enlisted  only  as  enrolled 
members. 

in.  Dues.  1.  In  States  whicti  receive 
L.  T.  L.  voting  delegates  to  their  W.  C.  T.  U. 
conventions  the  auxiliary  dues  shall  be  ten 
cents  for  each  pledged  member  and  shall  be 
divided  equally  between  tbe  State  and  National 
W.  C.  T.  U.  treasuries.  The  above  State  and 
National  dues  are  covered  by  the  membership 
fee  paid  by  graduates  into  the  treasury  of  the 
State  Legion.  2.  In  States  which  do  not  receive 
L.  T.  L.  voting  delegates  to  their  W.  C.  T.  U. 
conventions  the  annual  dues  shall  be  ten  cents 
for  each  member,  which  shall  be  divided  between 
the  Local  L.  T.  L.  and  National  W.  C.  T.  U. 
treasuries.  .^.  The  above  rules  shall  in  no  case 
be  enforced  where  they  would  conflict  with  any 
regulation  of  the  State  W.  C.  T.  TT. 

IV.  Officers.  The  elective  officers  shall  be 
the  President,  one  or  more  Vice-Presidents.  Cor- 
responding Secretar.v.  Recording  Secretary, 
Treasurer.  Musical  Director  and  Librarian. 
These  officers,  together  with  the  General  L.  T.  Ij. 
Secretary  appointed  by  the  W.  C.  T.  U..  shall 
constitute    an    Executive    Committee.       (The    L. 


96 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


T.  L.  may  nominate  the  General  Secretary,  the 
nomination  to  be  confirmed  Ijy  the  W.  (\  T.   I'.i 

V.  Election  of  Officers.     1.    The  election 

of   offlcers   shall    take   place 

and  the  election  shall  he  by  ballot,  an  informal 
ballot  having  been  taken  for  nomination.  2. 
Only  pledged  members  of  the  Legion  shall,  after 
the  first  term  of  office,  be  eligible  to  election, 
or  be  entitled  to  vote  in  an  election. 

VI.  Badge.  No  person  shall  be  entitled  to 
wear  the  badge  of  the  Senior  Legion  who  has 
not  signed  its  constitution  and  pledge. 

By-Laws. 

1.  The  General  L.  T.  L.  Secretary  shall  super- 
intend the  entire  work  of  the  Legion  and  shall 
have  the  power  to  veto,  and  no  measure  shall 
be  passed  over  a  veto.  2.  The  President  shall 
preside  at  the  meetings,  and  perform  such 
other  duties  as  belong  to  that  office.  A  Vice- 
President  shall,  in  the  absence  of  the  President, 
perform  all  the  duties  of  that  office.  3.  The 
Corresponding  Secretary  shall  attend  to  all  the 
correspondence  and  report  the  same  at  regular 
meetings.  4.  The  Recording  Secretary  shall 
keep  a  record  of  all  meetings  and  shall  attend 
to  the  thorough  advertising  of  these  meetings 
through  the  press  and  otherwise.  5.  The  Treas- 
urer shall  hold  all  money  collected  for  the  use 
of  the  Legion;  he  shall  pay  all  bills  in  accord- 
ance with  the  vote  of  the  Legion,  or  by  order 
of  the  General  Secretary,  keeping  an  exact 
account  of  all  moneys  received  and  paid  out, 
and  presenting  itemized  reports  of  the  same. 
6.  The  Musical  Director  shall  have  charge  of 
all  the  music  of  the  Legion.  The  Librarian 
shall  have  charge  of  all  the  supplies  of  the 
Legion.  7.  Special  meetings  may  be  called  by 
the  General  L.  T.  L.  Secretary  and  President  at 
their  discretion,  or  upon  receipt  of  a  written 
petition  signed  by  three  members.  8.  Any  of 
these  by-laws  may  be  amended  or  suspended  by 
a  majority  vote  of  the  members  present  at  any 
regular  meeting. 

Our  L.  T.  L.  Symphony. 

With  constant  reverence  for  the  body,  to 
cultivate  its  faculties,  increase  its  vitality 
and  purify  its  appetites;  to  live  simply, 
think  deeply  and  act  sincerely,  to  keep  close 
to  the  bosom  of  Nature,  to  study  repose  and 
quiet,  and  speak  composedly ;  to  preserve 
affection  and  sympathy,  encourage  mercy 
and  charity,  to  be  humble  and  gentle,  yet 
forceful  and  energetic:  to  find  joy  and  con- 
tent in  small  things;  to  constantly  increase 
the  breadth  of  our  mental  and  spiritual 
vision;  to  be  just  and  kind,  and  full  of 
large-hearted  love  for  our  fellow-creatures, 
and  full  of  zeal  to  make  this  a  better  world 
to  live  in — in  short,  to  let  our  natures  expand 
like  a  flower  to  their  fullest  beauty  by  keep- 
ing ever  in  the  sunlight  of  Christ's  glorious 
example.  Shall  this  be  our  symphony? 
J.  George  Frederick. 

Junior   Pledge. 

Trusting  in  God's  help,  I  solemnly  prom- 
ise to  abstain  from  the  use  of_  alcoholic 
drinks,  including  wine,  beer  and  cider,  from 
the  use  of  tobacco  in  any  form,  and  from 
profanity. 


Emblem — Field  Daisy. 
Motto — Junior — "Tremble,  King  Alcohol, 
We  Shall  Grow  Up." 
Senior — "The  Future  is  Ours." 
Graduates — "Liftir.g    Others    as 
We  Climb." 
Colors — Red,  White  and  Blue. 
Rally     Cry—  P-R-0-H-I-Prohi-B-I-Bi- 
Prohibi-T-I-O-N-Tion-Prohibition.      ( Clap- 
ping hands  for  each  word.)     "Saloons  must 
go." 

National  Salute. 
My  head  (right  hand  brought  to  t'.:e  fore- 
head) ;  my  heart  (right  hand  placed  on  the 
heart)  ;  and  this  right  hand  (right  hand 
extended  horizontally)  ;  for  God  (pointing 
upward),  and  Home  (hands  c'asped),  and 
Native  Land  (hands  extended  horizontally). 

Constitution  cf  a  Band  of  Hope. 

1.  Name: Band  of  Hope. 

2.  Object.  The  promotion  of  total  absti- 
neuce  from  all  intoxicating  drinks  (and  tobac- 
co) among  the  young. 

.").  riedije  (to  be  signed  by  each  person  join- 
ing the  Hand  : 


H  agree  to  abstain  from  all  intortcating  ^r{nfc0 
as  beverages  an5  tobaeco. 


4.  Offlcers  and  members  of  Committees  must 
be  pledged  abstainers. 

5.  The  affairs  of  the  Society  shall  be  man- 
aged by  a  president,  a  vice-president  and  an 
Executive  Committee  of  twelve  persons,  with 
power  to  add  to  their  numiier  (half  of  whom 
may  be  ladies),  to  be  elected  at  the  ainiual 
meeting  of  the  Society.  The  Committee  shall 
further  elect  from  its  own  members  the  fol- 
lowing additional  offlcers:  treasurer,  super- 
intendent, secretary,  registrars  (two),  visitors^ 
librarian  and  collector.  Two  auditors  shall 
also  be  appointed  at  the  subscribers'  meeting, 
one  of  whom  shall  be  a  member  of  the  Com- 
mittee. 

6.  The    Committee    meeting    shall    be    held 

monthly    on 

(It  is  desirable  to  hold  the  Committee  meet- 
ings on  one  of  the  meeting  nights  of  the 
Society  after  the  members  have  been  dis- 
missed.) 

7.  All  meetings  shall  be  opened  with  devo- 
tional exercises. 

8.  The  accounts  shall  be  audited  at  the  close 
of  each  year,  in  time  for  presentation  at  the 
annual   subscribers'   meeting. 

\).  The  annual  meeting  shall  be  held  in 
when  the  report  of  the  treas- 
urer and  secretary  shall  be  presented,  the  offi- 
cers for  the  ensuing  year  elected,  and  such 
other  business  transacted  as  will  promote  the 
welfare  of  the  Society. 

10.  No  alteration  shall  be  made  in  these 
rules,  except  at  the  annual  meeting,  and  notice 
of  any  proposed  alteration  shall  be  given  In 
writing  to  the  secretary  at  least  fourteen  days 
before  date  of  meeting,  and  only  subscribers 
shall  be  entitled  to  vote  on  any  proposed  alter- 
ation. 


When  in  Babylon  Do  as  Babylonians  Ought  to  Do. 


Daniel  1  :  S-2(). 


8  But  Daniel  purposed  in  his  heart  that 
he  would  not  dctile  iiimsclf  with  the  por- 
tion of  the  king's  meat,  nor  with  the  wine 
which  he  drank:  therefore  he  requested  of 
the  prince  of  the  eunuchs  that  he  might  not 
defile  himself.  9  Now  God  had  brought 
Daniel  into  favour  and  tender  love  with 
the  prince  of  the  eunuchs.  10  And  the 
prince  of  the  eunuchs  said  unto  Daniel,  I 
fear  my  lord  the  king,  who  hath  appointed 
your  meat  and  your  drink  :  for  why  should 
he  see  your  faces  worse  liking  than  the 
children  which  arc  of  your  sort?  then 
shall  ye  make  inc  endanger  my  head  to  the 
king.  II  Then  said  Daniel  to  Melzar,  whom 
the  prince  of  the  eunuchs  liad  set  over  Dan- 
iel, Hananiah,  ]\Iishael,  and  Azariah,  12 
Prove  thy  servants,  I  beseech  thee,  ten  days  ; 
and  let  them  give  us  pulse  to  eat,  and  water 
to  drink.  13  Then  let  our  countenances  be 
looked  upon  before  thee,  and  the  counte- 
nance of  tlie  children  that  eat  of  the  por- 
tion of  the  king's  meat :  and  as  thou  seest, 
deal  with  thy  servants.     14  So  he  consented 


to  them  in  tliis  matter,  and  proved  them  ten 
days.  15  And  at  the  end  of  ten  days  their 
countenances  appeared  fairer  and  fatter  in 
flesh  than  all  the  children  which  did  eat  the 
portion  of  the  king's  meat.  16  Thus  Melzar 
took  away  the  portion  of  their  meat,  and 
the  wine  that  they  should  drink ;  and  gave 
them  pulse.  17  As  for  these  four  children, 
God  gave  them  knowledge  and  skill  in  all 
learning  and  wisdom:  and  Daniel  had 
understanding  in  all  visions  and  dreams.  18 
Now  at  the  end  of  the  days  that  the  king 
had  said  he  should  bring  them  in,  then  the 
prince  of  the  eunuchs  brought  them  in 
before  Nebuchadnezzar,  ig  And  the  king 
communed  with  them ;  and  among  them 
all  was  found  none  like  Daniel,  Hananiah, 
Mishael,  and  Azariah  ;  therefore  stood  they 
before  the  king.  20  And  in  all  matters 
of  wisdom  and  understanding,  that  the 
king  inquired  of  them,  he  found  them 
ten  times  better  than  all  the  magicians 
and  astrologers  that  were  in  all  hi^ 
realm. 


Golden  Text:    r>a}iicl  [purposed  in  Iiis  heart  that  he  tvould  not  defile  himself  with  the 
portion  of  the  king's  meat,  uur  with  the  zcinc  ivhich  he  drank. — Dan.   i  :  8. 


We  should  certainly  get  some  light 
on  the  "Boy  problem"  from  the  group 
of  four  boys  whose  characters  we  are 
to  study  to-day.  They  were  about  six- 
teen years  of  age.  They  were  in  a 
strange  land.  Thev  were  schoolboys. 
Their  religious  training  made  them 
very  different  from  their  .schoolmates. 

Much  is  said  about  the  "gang  spirit" 
in  boys  by  those  who  are  to-day  giving 
attention  to  the  solution  of  the  boy 
problem.  It  is  the  dawn  of  social  and 
benevolent  organization  in  later  life. 
Almost  every  boy  belongs  to  some  sort 
of  "society,"  and  proudlv  wears  a  rib- 
bon, a  button  or  a  pin,  as  a  badge. 
Out  of  1,034  l^oys  questioned  about 
this  matter,  851  were  members  of  so- 
cieties, organized  by  themselves, 
others  were  members  of  societies 
organized    by    adults,     such     as    the 


Junior  Christian  Endeavor,  or  the 
Loyal  Temperance  Legion.  In  "Dan- 
iel's Band"  we  see  the  gang  spirit 
at  its  best,  and  therefore  a  faithful 
study  will  be  a  help  to  those  who 
would  know  how  to  get  on  with  boys. 
Every  gang  must  have  a  leader,  and 
Daniel  was  that  leader.  The  four 
boys,  Daniel,  Hananiah,  Mishael  ami 
Azariah,  for  such  were  their  Hebrew 
names,  were  not  in  the  King  of  Baby- 
lon's school  by  choice.  It  was  a  civil 
service  school,  and  the  likeliest  boys 
in  the  land  were  selected  by  the  King's 
officers  to  be  trained  for  official  po- 
sitions. The  broad  spirit  of  the  school 
management  is  shown  in  the  fact  that 
sons  of  captives  were  eligible  to  such 
scholarships. 

Notwithstanding    the    high    honor 
placed  upon  them,  the  four  boys  were 


98 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


not  in  accord  with  their  pa^an  en- 
vironment, and  they  determined  on 
combining,  and  making  an  environ- 
ment of  their  own.  Apparently  they 
did  not  object  to  the  changes  in  their 
names — Daniel  was  renamed  Belte- 
shazzar;  Hananiah,  Shadrach  ;  Mish- 
ael,  Meshach,  and  Azariah,  Abednego. 
These  new  names  were  all  connected 
with  the  idol  worship  of  the  Baby- 
lonians. In  all  probability  the  names 
were  distasteful  to  the  four  Hebrew 
boys.  They  seem  to  have  yielded  the 
matter  of  mere  names,  but  there  was 
something  they  would  not  yield:  loy- 
alty to  their  God.  Wind  and  meat, 
which  had  been  offered  to  idols  as  the 
best  to  be  had  in  the  market,  was 
daily  set  before  the  boys  of  the  King's 
school.  It  was  against  the  law  of 
their  God  to  partake  of  such  things. 
And  so  they  decided  to  unite  in  a  re- 
quest to  Ashpenaz,  the  King's  officer 
in  charge,  that  he  would  let  them  have 
water  instead  of  wine,  and  pulse  or 
beans  instead  of  meat.  At  first  Ash- 
penaz demurred,  saying  that  if  their 
health  should  fail,  as  he  thought  it 
certainly  would  under  such  a  diet,  he 
would  be  held  responsible  by  the  King. 
The  "band"  requested  a  ten  days' 
trial  of  the  beans  and  water.  That 
was  granted,  and  the  mehar,  or  ser- 
vant, was  ordered  to  provide  it.  Per- 
haps the  four  boys  were  not  called 
"The  Hebrew  gang"  by  the  other 
boys,  but  in  all  probability  they  were 
given  in  fun  some  other  name  equally 
offensive. 

Bravely  the  four  boys  stuck  it  out, 
and  at  the  end  of  the  ten  days  they 
came  under  the  scrutiny  of  Ashpenaz, 
and  he  declared  their  countenances  to 
be  "fairer  and  fatter"  than  those  of  the 
boys  who  ate  meat  and  drank  wine. 
And  so  the  band  was  permitted  to 
continue  its  chosen  diet.  And  they 
stuck  it  out  for  three  years,  until  the 
end  of  their  course  in  the  school. 
Then  they,  with  the  other  boys,  .were 


brought  before  the  King  for  exami- 
nation as  to  acquirements.  And  the 
record  is :  "Among  them  all  was 
found  none  like  Daniel,  Hananiah, 
Mishael,  and  Azariah."  And  more 
than  this,  as  the  King  tested  them 
he  found  them  to  be  ten  times  wiser 
than  the  magicians  and  astrologers, 
the  so-called  wise  men  of  his  kingdom. 
The  King  did  not  understand  that  it 
was  their  God  who  had  given  them 
knowledge  and  skill  in  all  learning 
and  wisdom.  Subsequently,  Daniel 
was  made  the  King's  chief  coun- 
selor, while  the  other  three  were  set 
over  the  affairs  of  the  provinces. 

And  all  of  this  good  grew  out  of  a 
boy's  league !  Should  boys  of  our  day 
be  forbidden  to  organize  societies? 
Rather,  let  those  who  have  anything 
to  do  with  boys,  recognize  the  "gang 
spirit,"  and  even  suggest  societies  and 
forms  of  badges.  If  Sunday-school 
teachers  had  been  wise  in  this  mat- 
ter we  should  not  to-day  be  mourning 
over  the  fact  that  boys  have  not  been 
held  by  the  Sunday-school.  Do  not 
condemn  nor  ignore  the  "gang  spirit," 
but  sympathize  with  it  and  direct  it. 

Enlist  the  Youngf  in   Loyal   Legions 
and   Bands  of  Hcpe. 

One  of  the  delegates  to  a  State 
Endeavor  Convention,  a  young  busi- 
ness man,  dressed  in  a  natty  rough- 
and-ready  suit,  every  movement  alert 
and  eager,  and  telling  of  bottled  en- 
ergy within,  came  suddenly  upon  a 
red-faced  citizen  who  evidently  had 
been  patronizing  the  hotel  bar.  But- 
tonholing the  delegate  a  trifle  uncere- 
moniously, the  latter  said :  "What  are 
you   fellers  trying  to   do  down  at  the 

meeting?     You  are  temperance, 

I  see  by  the  papers.  Do  you  think  yoti 
could  make  a  temperance  man  of 
me?"  "No,"  replied  the  delegate, 
looking  him  over  from  head  to  foot 
with  a  keen  glance,  "we  evidently 
couldn't  do  much  for  you,  but  we  are 


When  in  Babylon  Do  As  Babylonians  Ought  to  Do. 


99 


after  your  boy."  At  this  unexpected 
retort  the  man  dro[)ped  his  jocular 
tone  and  said  seriously :  "Well,  you 
have  t^ot  the  right  of  it  there.  If 
somebody  had  been  after  me  when  I 
was  a  boy,  I  should  be  a  better  man 
to-day."  And  in  order  to  get  the  boys 
we  must  get  them  together.  The  two 
great  social  needs  to-day  are :  the 
study  of  reforms,  the  union  of  forces. 
While  "one  may  chase  a  thousand, 
two  shall  put  ten  thousand  to  flight." 
"Tzvo  are  better  than  one,  end  woe 
unto  him  that  is  alone  ivhen  he  fall- 
eth."  Daniel  himself,  when  neces- 
sary, dared  to  stand  alone,  and  illus- 
trated the  vast  influence  of  one  wise 
and  fearless  man.  But  the  strongest 
individualities  are  strengthened  by 
union  of  their  counsels,  their  courage 
and  their  cash.  Every  man  and  woman 
should  be  in  some  organization  that 
fights  the  chief  foe  of  God  and  man 
— the  saloon — and  these  organizations 
should,  at  least,  federate.  But  most 
of  all  is  it  desirable  to  enlist  in  Loyal 
Legions,  or  other  temperance  bands 
for  young  people,  the  boys  and  young 
men,  for  the  study  of  this  and  rela- 
tive problems,  under  a  purpose  as  firm 
and  noble  and  courageous  as  that  of 
Daniel's  Band.  What  is  first  and  most 
needed  is  knowledge.  "Be  sure  you 
are  right,  then  go  ahead."  It  will  be 
tactful  and  profoundly  true  to  call 
these  studies  "Patriotic  Studies." 

The  Pledge   a   Declaration  of   Inde- 
pendence. 

The  devil  tries  to  make  boys  think 
that  signing  a  pledge  is  "signing  away 
liberty."  Let  American  boys  remem- 
ber that  the  Declaration  of  Independ- 
ence w^as  a  brave  "pledge"  of  "lives 
and  fortunes  and  sacred  honor,"  by 
wdiich  civil  liberty  was  secured,  not 
only  for  the  United  States,  but  also 
for  many  lands.  And  as  the  Declara- 
tion of  Independence  was  a  "pledge," 
so  the  pledge  o"f  total  abstinence  is  a 


brave  declaration  of  independence  al- 
ways, as  in  Daniel's  case,  against  a 
foolish  and  harmful  custom.  The 
puri)ose  of  Daniel  and  his  associates 
included  food  as  well  as  drink,  and 
the  main  objection  seems  to  have  been 
that  both  the  meat  and  wine  they  re- 
fused to  take  had  been  first  offered 
to  idols.  One  message  of  the  lesson 
is,  therefore:  "Little  children,  keep 
yourselves  from  idols,"  that  is,  do  not 
allow  yourselves  to  put  anything  but 
God  in  the  uppermost  place  in  your 
heart,  whether  games  or  fame  or 
money  or  appetite  or  lust.  There  is 
an  athletic  suggestion  here  against 
the  excessive  use  of  meat,  to  which 
prosperous  people  are  tempted.  Bet- 
ter less  beef  and  more  beans.  But  the 
abuse  of  food  is  far  less  harmful  than 
the  use  of  wine  and  other  intoxicants, 
because,  while  both  harm  the  user, 
only  the  intoxicants  drive  a  man  to 
madness,  to  the  peril  of  his  neighbors 
and  friends.  While  it  is,  therefore, 
mostly  a  man's  own  business  what  he 
shall  eat,  it  is  the  business  of  the  whole 
community  to  see  that  he  be  not 
tempted  to  drink  what  will  make  him 
a  peril  or  a  burden  to  all  about  him. 
And  in  his  best  moments,  and  espe- 
cially in  boyhood,  before  he  has 
learned  to  like  the  drink,  he  should 
make  a  "purpose"  and  pledge  that  will 
make  it  impossible  that  he  should  "put 
an  enemy  in  his  mouth  to  steal  away 
his  brains"  and  make  him  the  laugh- 
ing stock  or  the  terror  of  his  neigh- 
bors. 

While  the  Hebrew  boys  risked  their 
advancement  by  refusing  to  drink, 
young  men  of  to-day  are  just  in  the 
opposite  position,  for  a  majority  of 
the  business  establishments  in  the 
L^nited  States  forbid  drinking  when 
on  duty,  and  an  increasing  number 
will  not  employ  anybody  known  to 
drink  at  any  time,  because  the  drink 
taken  when  oflf  duty  continues  to  con- 
fuse his  mind  and  unsteady  his  hand 


lOO 

when  he  is  on  duty.  England  and 
Germany  are  introducing  temperance 
education  to  bring  up  the  industrial 
efficiency  of  their  workmen. 

Young  Heroes  of  To-day. 

But  it  still  takes  great  courage  in 
many  circles  to  stand  for  the  right  in 
this  or  any  other  matter.  Everybody 
ought  to  see  that  it  takes  more  cour- 
age to  do  right  when  nearly  all  one's 
associates  will  sneer,  than  to  do  some- 
thing in  battle  or  fire  or  flood  which 
they  will  all  cheer. 

Now,  let  me  tell  of  a  young  man 
who  was  "ready''  in  an  hour  for 
greater  temptation  that  came  suddenly 
and  unexpectedly  upon  him.  He  was 
the  son  of  an  American  college  presi- 
dent, just  turned  twenty-one.  He 
had  gone  to  Paris  for  a  special  course 
in  surgery.  At  the  depot  of  his  na- 
tive town  many  comrades  had  gathered 
when  he  departed,  among  them  his 
sweetheart.  She  knew  how  severely 
his  Christian  principles  would  be  tried 
in  such  a  city  as  Paris,  and  springing 
to  his  side,  after  good-byes  had  all 
been  spoken,  she  whispered,  '"Charley, 
dare  to  be  a  Daniel !"  With  a  look  of 
disappointment,  he  said,  "Only  that 
old  saw?"  But  she  cheerily  answered, 
"Only  that,  Charley,  but  it  may 
mean  much  to  you."  He  bore  a  let- 
ter of  introduction  to  a  distinguished 
Frenchman,  who,  soon  after  his  ar- 
rival, gave  a  small  banquet  in  his 
honor.  He  was  not  so  sure  that  his 
table  etiquette  was  up  to  the  French 
standard,  and  was  not  a  little  dis- 
turbed by  that  misgiving  as  he  sat, 
the  cynosure  of  all  eyes.  He  noted 
also  with  dismay  that  before  each 
plate  were  glasses,  ruby,  purple,  am- 
ber and  white,  the  first  three  for 
wines  of  corresponding  color,  the  last 
for  water.  During  the  feast  the  host 
filled  his  ruby  glass,  an  example  fol- 
lowed by  the  guests  generally,  and 
proposed   the  toast,   "To   the   wives, 


World  Book  of  Teiiipcraiicc. 


daughters  and  sweethearts  of  Amer- 
ica !"  A  response  was  asked  from  the 
guest,  a  servant  being  told  to  fill  his 
ruby  glass.  What  followed  can  best 
be  told  in  the  words  he  wrote  home : 
"Mother,  for  a  moment  I  was  in  an 
agony  of  trepidation.  I  would  rather 
have  faced  a  cannon.  All  had  risen, 
and  in  the  hand  of  each  was  the  wine 
I  had  pledged  from  childhood  not  to 
taste.  ]\fy  head  swam.  Suddenly  I 
remembered  the  words,  "Dare  to  be 
a  Daniel !"  Touching  my  white  glass, 
a  servant  filled  it  with  water.-  Rising, 
I  said:  T  beg  leave  to  say  that  to  the 
typical  wife,  daughter  and  sweetheart 
of  America  the  purity  of  this,  nature's 
own  beverage,  illustrates  the  lives  they 
aim  to  lead  and  the  dangers  which 
they  seek  to  avoid.  Permit  me  to  use 
it  in  their  dear  name.'  The  host  sub- 
stituted quickly  his  white  glass,  fol- 
lowed by  all  the  others,  and  the  toast 
to  American  womanhood  was  fitly 
drunk  in  water," 

How  the  Sunday  School  Association's 
Temperance  Department  Origi- 
nated. 

This  is  a  fitting  place  to  tell  the 
story  of  an  American  girl,  worthy  to 
be  Daniel's  sister.  The  story  is  told 
by  Mrs.  Zillah  Foster  Stevens,  the 
Secretary  of  the  Temperance  Depart- 
ment of  the  International  Sunday- 
School  Association : 

The  Woman's  Christian  Temperance 
Union  is  the  mother  of  a  h\^  boy,  and 
that  boy  is  the  Temperance  Department 
of  the  International  Sunday  School  Asso- 
ciation. Until  two  years  ago  that  Asso- 
ciation, that  directly  touches  twenty-six 
million  children,  had  no  temperance  de- 
partment. Do  not  think  it  did  no  tem- 
perance work;  it  did  do  temperance  work, 
but  not  in  organized  ways.  There  is  a  little 
story  at  the  bottom  of  the  creation  of 
that  department,  and  it  tells  why  I  siy 
that  the  Temperance  Department  of  the 
Sunday-School  Association  is  the  big  boy 
of  the  Woman's  Christian  Temperance 
Union,    A  few  years  ago  one  of  our  big 


Wlioi  in  Babylon  Do  As  Babylonians  Ought  to  Do.  loi 


Sunday  school  officers  had  a  letter.  It 
was  from  a  mining  town,  and  the  writer 
said,  "I  was  converted  when  1  was  eleven 
years  old.  I  am  a  member  of  the  Metho- 
dist Church;  we  have  got  ten  salocjus  in 
this  mining  town,  and  there  is  only  this 
one  Sunday  school,  and  there  isn't  a  Chris- 
tian woman  in  the  place,  not  one,  and  I 
run  the  Sunday  school  and  a  young  stu- 
dent comes  over  from  the  church  Sundays 
.and  helps  me,  and  I  am  janitor  and  I 
am  organist  and  a  teacher  in  the  Sunday 
school.  The  boys  in  our  town  are  going 
into  these  ten  saloons,  and  I  don't  know 
what  to  do.  Won't  you  please  send  me 
help  for  temperance  w^ork  in  the  Sunday 
school?"  So  they  looked  through  all 
their  pigeon  holes  of  missionary  work, 
primary  work,  cradle-roll  work  and  teach- 
ers' work  and  other  work,  and  what  do 
you  think  they  wrote  to  the  writer  of  that 
letter?  They  said,  "On  temperance  we 
have  nothing."  Think  of  it!  And  then 
this  officer,  when  he  found  out  he  had 
nothing,  and  being  a  man  who  wanted  to 
get  something  right  away,  wrote  me  a 
letter  and  told  me  about  that  place  and 
forwarded  me  the  letter,  and  I  said  I  would 
•better  go  to  see  what  kind  of  a  person 
it  was  v/ho  was  janitor,  organist,  teacher, 
doing  cradle-roll  work  and  was  trying  to 
do  temperance  work.  So  I  took  a  day 
off  and  went  over  there  and  I  got  off 
•right  among  the  coal  mines,  and  I  looked 
around  and  supposed  I  would  find  a  capa- 
ble, self-asserting,  strong,  vigorous  young 
woman  doing  all  that.  What  do  you 
think  I  found?  A  little  girl  in  short 
dresses,  with  her  braided  hair  hanging 
nearly  down  to  her  shoetops  ;  she  looked 
up  at  me  in  the  most  childish  way,  and  I 
said,  "I  am  hunting  for  such  and  such  a 
person;  can  you  fell  me  where  she  is?" 
"Why,"  she  said,  "I  am  her."  She  looked 
like  a  flower.  I  said,  "How  old  are  you?" 
She  said,  "Fourteen."  And  I  said,  "How 
did  you  find  out  about  temperance  work, 
anyhow?"  "Oh.  I  wear  a  white  ribbon." 
Well,  I  spent  the  day  there,  and  found 
that    that    child-janitor,    organist,    teacher, 


superintendent,  Christian,  head  of  the 
cradle  roll  and  home  department  and  so 
on,  was  the  single  solitary  influence  be- 
tween ten  saloons  and  the  boys  in  that 
town,  and  when  she  wrote  up  to  the  Sun- 
day school  headquarters  tliey_  said,  "On 
temperance  we  have  nothing."  Well,  I 
I  thought,  these  Sunday  school  officers  are 
splendid  men;  they  are  just  the  best  kind 
of  men,  but  they  haven't  had  their  eyes 
opened,  and  they  have  got  to  see  just  this 
kind  of  a  worker  before  they  will  respond. 
And  so  when  it  came  State  convention 
time,  that  little  girl  was  there  in  a  white 
dress,  and  I  just  told  the  folks  about  the 
mining  town  and  about  the  ten  saloons 
and  about  the  worker,  and  I  said.  She  is 
here;  would  you  like  to  see  her?  And 
they  expected  to  see  some  great  big  capa- 
ble young  woman,  of  course,  and  I  called 
her  up,  and  she  came  trotting  up  there 
just  like  a  little  girl,  and  when  she  got 
up  and  faced  a  thousand  people  she  felt 
so  little  she  didn't  know  what  to  do,  and 
she  ran  up  to  me  and  tucked  her  head 
under  my  arms  like  a  little  child  four  years 
old.  That  convention  went  wild.  They 
were  on  their  feet  all  over  the  house, 
and  they  said,  "We  have  got  to  have  a 
temperance  department,"^  and  so  the  tem- 
perance department  was  created  in  the 
State  of  Illinois.  When  Illinois  created 
a  temperance  department,  other  States 
fell  into  line,  and  two  years  ago  the  In- 
ternational Sunday  School  A.ssociation, 
which  plans  the  Sunday  school  work  for 
the  whole  of  the  United  States  and  Canada 
and  Mexico,  Hawaii,  Japan,  Alaska  (and 
I  do  not  know  where  else).  I  said,  "We  will 
have  an  International  Sunday-School  Tem- 
perance Department,"  and  they  have  got 
it,  and  it  stands  for  nothing  less  than  total 
abstinence,  the  destruction  of  the  liquor 
traffic  and  the  extinction  of  the  cigarette 
habit. 

Immovable  Uprightness* 

What  a  grand  instance  of  standing  im- 
movable on  the  Christ  foundation  during 
the   captivity  was   Daniel!    (Dan.   1:   8;   3: 


I02 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


18;  6:  10.)  The  child  was  not  far  wrong 
who  read  the  verse  about  Daniel's  "excel- 
lent spirit" — "As  for  this  Daniel,  as  ex- 
cellent spine  was  in  him."  The  same  was 
true  of  his  three  friends  who  stood  on  the 
same  Christ-foundation,  and,  so,  remained 
upright  on  the  plain  of  Dura,  when  all 
others  in  that  national  political  conven- 
tion were  suddenly  smitten  with  moral 
curvature    of    the    spine. 

By  .faith  and  firmness  Daniel  and  his  brave 
friends  kept  their  souls  free  even  in  the 
land  of  captivity.  Let  me  tell  you  of  others 
of  our  own  day,  some  of  them  boys,  who  in 
spirit  belong  to  Daniel's  band. 

Modern  Daniels* 

President  Lincoln  was  one  day  dining 
with  a  party  of  friends  when  one  of  them 
offered  him  some  wine,  and  rather  rudely 
tried  to  force  it  upon  him.  Mr.  Lincoln 
finally  replied,  'T  have  lived  fifty  years 
without  the  use  of  intoxicating  liquors, 
and  I  do  not  think  it  worth  while 
to  change  my  habits  now."  It  is  related 
of  General  Wm.  Henry  Harrison  by  one 
who  knew  him  well,  that  while  he  was  a 
candidate  for  the  presidency,  at  a  dinner 

See  Class  Pledge 


a  New  York  gentleman,  ofifering  a  toast, 
asked,  "General,  will  you  not  favor  me  by 
drinking  a  glass  of  wine?"  The  General 
politely  declined.  Once  again  he  was 
urged  to  drink  a  glass  of  wine.  This  time 
he  rose  from  the  table  and  said  in  his 
grave,  dignified  way,  "Gentlemen,  I  have 
refused  twice  to  partake  of  the  wine-cup. 
That  should  have  .been  sufficient.  Though 
you  press  the  cup  to  my  lips,  not  a  drop 
shall  pass  the  portals.  1  made  a  resolve 
when  I  started  in  life  that  I  would  avoid 
strong  drink,  and  I  have  never  broken  it. 
I  am  one  of  a  class  of  seventeen  young 
men  who  graduated  together.  The  other 
sixteen  filled  drunkard's  graves,  all 
through  the  pernicious  habit  of  wine-drink- 
ing. I  owe  all  my  health,  happiness  and 
prosperity  to  that  resolution.  Will  you 
urge  me  now?"  Similar  courage  in  re- 
fusing wine  has  been  shown  by  Grant, 
Hayes,  Garfield.  Colfax,  Henry  Wilson 
and  General  Miles.  The  latter  recently 
went  around  the  world,  and  though  daily 
in  banquets,  where  everyone  else  drank, 
took  not  a  drop  himself.  That  took 
greater  courage  than  any  of  his  battles. 
When  you  are  with  the  Romans  do  as  the 
Romans  ought  to  do. 
at  end  of  book. 


WINE 


dries  the  mouth,  burns  the 
stomach,  tires  the  heart, 
reddens  the  eyes,  diseases 
the  blood,  maddens  the 
brain,  makes  thirst,  is  cost- 
ly,  is    poisonous. 


WATER 


moistens  the  mouth,  cools 
the  stomach,  helps  the 
heart,  brightens  the  eyes, 
makes  the  blood  good,  cools 
the  brain,  quenches  thirst, 
is  free,   is  pure. 


Why  docs  wine  dry  the  mouth? 

Because  the  alcohol  in  it  absorbs  water. 

Why   does   water  moisten   the   mouth? 

Because  the  skin  takes  it  in. 

Why   does    wine  burn   the  stomach? 

Because  the  alcohol  in  it  dries  up  all 
the  water  it  can  find  in  it. 

Why  does  water  cool  _  the  stomach? 

Because  the  stomach  in  doing  its  work 
gets  warmer  than  the  water. 

Why    does    wine    tire    the   heart? 

Because  the  alcohol  in  it  makes  the  heart 
beat  faster. 

Why   does   water  help   the   heart? 

It  cools  the  blood. 

Why  does  wine  disease  the  blood? 

Because   the   alcohol   thickens    in    it. 

Why  does  water  make  the  blood  good? 

It  washes  it. 

Why  does  wine  redden   the  eyes? 

It  burns  them. 

Why    does    water   brighten    them? 

It  rests  them. 


Why  does   wine   madden   the   brain? 

Because  the  alcohol  in  the  wine  burns 
it. 

Why   does   water   cool    the   brain? 

Because  it  keeps  the  blood  cool  which 
flows  to  the  brain. 

Why   does   wine   make   thirst? 

Because  the  alcohol  in  it  dries  every 
part  of  the  body. 

Why   does   water   quench   thirst? 

Because  it  gives  what  every  part  of  the 
body  needs. 

Why  is  wine   costly? 

Because  it  is  difficult  to  make,  and 
because  men  who  sell  it  want  to  grow 
rich  fast. 

Why    is   water    free? 

Because  it    is    the   gift  of  God. 

Why  is  wine  poisonous? 

Because  it  is  the  rotted  juice  of  the 
grape  and   other   poisonous   things. 

Why    is    water    pure? 

Because   God  sends    it. 


ATHLETIC   VICTORIES   OF   ABSTAINERS. 


The  School  Physiology  Journal  trans- 
lates a  German  article  which  shows  that 
in  the  sixty-two-mile  walking  match  at 
Kiel  on  June  28,  1908,  to  decide  the  long 
distance  championship  among  German 
athletes,  the  four  leaders  were  total  ab- 
stainers; that  of  the  ten  prize  winners 
six  were  abstainers  and  two  others  had 
lived  entirely  without  alcohol  for  two 
months.  Of  the  eighty-three  who  entered 
the  contest  twenty-four  (iwciity-nnie 
per  cent.)  were  total  abstainers;  fifty-nine 
(seventy  per  cent.)  were  moderate  drinkers. 
Of  the  twenty-four  abstainers  only  two 
(8.33  per  cent.)  failed  to  reach  the  goal. 
Of  the  fifty-nine  non-abstainers,  thirty 
(fifty-one  per  cent.)  failed  to  reach  the 
goal. 

G.  V.  Brown,  Manager  Boston  (U.  S. 
A.),  Athletic  Association,  August,  1908: 
"I  positively  know  from  experience  in 
fifteen     Marathon     races,     both     in     this 


Tlic  N.  V.  Voice,  April  10,  1890,  gave 
interviews  with  directors  of  principal  New 
York  athletic  clubs,  of  which  the  follow- 
ing are  representative:  New  York  Ath- 
letic Club,  E.  J.  Gianini :  "Alcoholic 
liquors  as  a  beverage,  moderate  or  other- 
wise, are  entirely  tabooed  by  athletic 
trainers  everywhere  and  under  all  cir- 
cumstances." 

St.  George  Athletic  Club,  E.  F.  Rcin- 
hardt:  "All  the  total  abstainers  we  have 
turned  out  [twenty  professionals  out  of 
twenty-one  in  allj  are  doing  well,  but  the 
moderate  drinker  turned  out  a  bum.  The 
best  men  don't  drink.  The  moderate 
drinker  can't  last.  He  does  not  have  the 
endurance.  Some  trainers  give  Bass'  ale 
in  very  liniited  quantities,  but  I  don't.  It 
makes  a  man  sluggish  and  stale.  I  would 
much  prefer  that  a  man  would  not  even 
smoke  if  he  expects  to  attain  the  highest 
results." 

University    Club,    Valentine    Wood:      "I 


country    and    England,    that    alcohol    used       never   make  any  use    whatever   of  liquors 
in  any  form   in   a   race   of   this   kind   is  a       in  training,  except  in  the  case  of  a  drink- 


great  detriment. 


INTERNATION.VL 
CHAMPIONSHIP 


IN    ATHLETICS'' 


<lu^  Belsrium  Un.teJ  Sutcs  Kii.f»JA#.»tr .        Bel^i-" 


(Chart  copyrighted  by  the  Scientific  Tomperance  Ferleration, 
Boston.     Used    by  permi.ssion.) 
♦Statistics  from  Die  Enthaltfiamlet  Rett,  May,  1908. 
♦♦American  Review   of  Reviews,  July,  1906. 


Even  then  I  consider  it  harm- 
ful, but  sometimes  give  him  a 
small  amount  of  light  liquor, 
but  I  do  it  as  a  sort  of  a 
bribe  to  keep  him  at  work. 
When  I  do  this,  I  prefer 
sherry  and  egg.  In  England. 
a  man  is  prevented  from 
getting  stale  by  fattening 
him,  then  working  ofif  the  fat 
and  renewing  the  process. 
It  is  an  American  notion 
that  intoxicants  are  necessary 
to  prevent  an  athlete  from 
getting  stale,  but  the  better 
class  of  trainers  now  see  the 
folly  of  it.  Everything  else  being 
equal,  the  total  abstainer  is 
going  to  get  there  every  time." 
Pastime  Athletic  Club,  Mike 
Kennedy:  "We  don't  use  any 
kincl  of  liquors  here,  even  in 
training  The  man  who  doesn't 
drink  is  going  to  get  there 
every  time.  When  we  have  a 
drinking  man  to  train  we 
frequently  have  to  give  him  a 
little  stimulant  to  keep  him 
at  work.  In  that  case  we 
usually  give  him  small  quan- 
tities of  whatever  he  craves 
most.  I  don't  think  an  athlete 
ought  to  smoke;  liquor  especi- 
ally undermines  the  constitu- 
tion  and   impairs   the   health." 


104  World  Book  of  Temperance. 

COMPARATIVE  MORTALITY  OF  LIQUOR  SELLERS  AND  OTHERS. 


[From  Dr.  Tatham's  Triennial  Report, 
August,  1908,  to  the  British  Registrar  Gen- 
eral for  the  three-year  period  ending  1902, 
giving  particulars  of  occupational  mortal- 
ity in  England  and  Wales.] 

COMPARATIVE  MORTALITV  TABLE. 


PUBIIC  HOUS[«  NOT£lS(RVANTS 


The  clergy  at  all  stages  of  life  are  subject 
to  much  lower  rates  of  mortality  than  are 
males  in  selected  healthy  districts.  From 
the  twentieth  to  the  forty-fifth  year  of  life 
they  die  about  half  as  fast  as  do  males  in 
those  districts.  The  proportion  of  the 
clergy  living  at  sixty-five  enormously 
exceeds  the  average  for  all  males,  and  the 
comparative  mortality  figure  of  the  clergy 
at  ages  twenty-five  to  sixty-five  years  is' 
lower  than  that  of  any  other  occupation 
except  occupied  farmers  and  other  agricul- 
turists in  the  selected  agricultural  districts. 

Barristers  and  solicitors  (lawyers)  have 
between  twenty-five  and  sixty-five  a  com- 
parative mortality  figure  lower  than  that  of 
any  other  of  the  professional  class,  except 
schoolmasters  and  the  clergy.  They  suffer 
more  severely  than  the  ordinary  retired  man 
from  influenza,  gout,  diabetes  and  diseases 
of  the  liver  and  other  diseases  of  the  diges- 
tive system.  Diabetes  mellitus  carries  oflf 
more  lawyers  than  members  of  any  other 
trade  or  profession,  innkeepers  alone 
excepted. 

Medical  men,  compared  with  lawyers,  die 
more  rapidly  at  every  stage  of  life._  As 
compared  with  the  clergy,  their  mortality  is 
enormously  in  excess.  Diseases  of  the  ner- 
vous and  circulatory  systems  contribute  the 
largest  share   of  their   mortality. 

The   mortality   of   teachers   is    below    the 


standard  for  all  occupied  and  retired 
males  at  all  stages  of  life,  and  is  but  little 
more  than  half  that  standard  at  ages 
twenty-five    to   forty-five   years. 

In  the  case  of  the  transport  services — 
railways,  tramways,  shipping — the  death- 
rates  are  in  excess  of  the  standard  at  every 
age,  the  excess  ranging  from  four  per  cent, 
at  ages  sixty-five  and  upward,  to  twenty-six 
per  cent,  at  ages  thirty-four  to  forty-five 
years.  The  comparative  mortality  figure  of 
these  men  is  ten  per  cent,  above  the  stand- 
ard, and  in  the  case  of  death  by  accident 
the  standard  figure  is  almost  doubled. 

Agriculturists  within  the  main  working 
period  of  life  are  forty  per  cent,  below  the 
average  for  occupied  and  retired  males,  a 
testimony  to  the  healthy  nature  of  agricul- 
tural occupations. 

Among  brewers,  on  the  other  hand,  the 
mortality  from  all  causes  exceeds  the  stand- 
ard by  forty  per  cent.,  being  excessive  under 
every  heading  except  accident.  From  alco- 
holism and  liver  disease  the  mortality  is 
nearly  three  times  the  standard,  and  from 
cancer  the  excess  amounts  to  seventy-five 
per  cent.  Brewers  appear  to  suffer  severely 
from  influenza  also,  and  there  is  a  marked 
excess  in  the  fatality  from  phthisis,  from 
diseases  of  the  circulatory  and  respiratory 
systems,  and  from  Bright's  disease.  As 
with  maltsters,  suicide  is  more  rife  among 
brewers  than  among  occupied  and  retired 
males  generally.  Publicans  (liquor  dealers) 
between  the  ages  of  twenty-five  and  sixty- 
five  years  show  a  higher  mortality  than  any 
other  section  of  the  trade,  their  comparative 
mortality  figure  being  eighty  per  cent,  more 
than  the  standard.  As  with  brewers  so  with 
publicans,  the  greatest  proportion  of  the 
excess  appears  under  the  heading  alcohol- 
ism aaid  liver  disease,  from  which  the  mor- 
tality is  nearly  sevenfold  the  standard,  while 
from  Bright's  disease  the  figure  is  two  and 
one-half  times  the  average ;  from  influenza, 
phthisis  and  diseases  of  the  nervous  system 
the  excess  is  more  than  seventy  per  cent., 
and  from  diseases  of  the  circulatory  and 
respiratory  systems  it  is  nearly  fifty  per 
cent. 


Sports   that   KilL 


Daniel  5:  22-30. 


22  And  thou,_.  .  .  0  Belshazzar,  .  .  . 
23  .  .  .  hast  lifted  up  thyself  against  the^ 
Lord  of  heaven ;  and  they  have  hrought  the^ 
vessels  of  his  house  before  thee,  and  thou 
and  thy  lords,  thy  wives  and  thy  concubines, 
have  drunk  wine  from  them ;  and  thou  hast 
praised  the  gods  of  silver  and  gold,  of 
brass,  iron,  wood,  and  stone,  which  see  not, 
nor  hear,  nor  know ;  and  the  God  in  whose 
hand  thy  breath  is,  and  whose  are  all  thy 
ways,  hast  thou  not  glorified.  24  Then  was 
the  part  of  the  hand  sent  from  before  him, 
and  this  writing  was  inscribed.  25  And  this 
is    the   writing  that    was   inscribed:     mene, 


MENE,    TEKEL,     UPHARSIN.       26     This     is     the 

interpretation  of  the  thing:  mene;  God 
hath  numbered  thy  kingdom  and  brought  it 
to  an  end.  27  tekel;  thou  art  weighed  in 
the  balances  and  art  found  wanting.  28 
PERES ;  thy  kingdom  is  divided,  and  given 
to  the  Medcs  and  Persians.  29  Then 
commanded  Belshazzar,  and  they  clothed 
Daniel  with  /purple,  and  put  a  chain 
of  gold  about  his  neck,  and  made  proc- 
lamation concerning  him,  that  he  should 
be  the  third  ruler  in  the  kingdom.  30 
In  that  night  Belshazzar  the  Chaldean 
king  was  slain. 


Golden  Text:    Jl'oc  unto  him  that  givctJi  his  neighbor  drink. — ^Hab.  2:  T). 


••  •Belshazzar  the  king  maae  a  great  feast  to  a  thousand  of  his  hirds.  and  Draxk  wine  before 
the  tliousand.  Belshazzar,  while  he  tasted  the  wixe,  commanded  to  bring  the  gold  and  silver 
vessels  which  his  father  Nebuchadnezzar  had  taken  ont  of  the  temple  which  was  in  .lerusalem  ; 
and  the  king,  and  his  princes,  his  wives,  and  his  concubines,  drank  in  them.'  Dan.  5  :  l-ii.  When, 
the  fumes  of  the  wine  had  gone  to  the  king's  head,  his  reason  was  beclouded,  his  sober  judgment 
was  dethroned,  and  in  this  condition  he  was  led  to  commit  the  awful  .sacrilege  which  was  inter- 
rupted by  the  spectral  handwriting  on  the  wall.  How  many  others  have  been  led  by  strong  drink 
to  a  similar  experience  !  How  many  a  man,  when  his  faculties  have  been  beclouded  by  drink  so 
that  he  could  not  appreciate  the  true  nature  of  his  actions,  has  been  led  to  commit  some  terrible 
deed  which  has  forever  blighted  his  own  prospects  and  perhaps  those  of  others,  bringing  upon 
himself  a  .judgment  from  which,  like  Belshazzar's,  there  was  no  escape!  Oh,  that  men  would  shun 
this  insidious  foe  which  benumbs  the  higher  faculties  and  leaves  a  maa  to  the  control  of  base 
passions." 


io6 


World  Book  of  Tciiipcrancc. 


The  story  of  Belshazzar's  feast 
naturally  divides  into  four  great 
topics :  Luxury,  Sin,  Doom,  Safety — 
the  last  relating  to  Daniel. 

I.  Luxury.  Here  is  a  young  man 
born  to  wealth  and  power,  which 
prompted  pride  when  they  should 
rather  have  prompted  gratitude,  and 
were  used  for  selfish  and  sinful  in- 
dulgence, instead  of  being  used  chiefly 
for  the  glory  of  God  and  the  good  of 
men,  with  self  as  "third  ruler  in  the 
kingdom,"  according  to  God's  ap- 
pointment— that  man  should  love  ( i ) 
God,  (2)  his  fellow-men,  (3)  him- 
self. Self-love  becomes  selfishness 
and  sin  only  when  it  usurps  a  higher 
place  than  belongs  to  it,  and  crowds 
out  God  or  our  neighbor.  Every  office, 
whether  in  Church  or  State,  is  a  "sa- 
cred trust,"  and  should  be  received 
with  a  feeling  of  responsibility  and 
thankfulness  rather  than  pride.  The 
newly  elected  officer  should  thank  his 
constituents  not  for  "honor"  but  for 
opportunity.  Luxury  and  pride  are 
twin  evils.  It  has  been  said :  "Purple 
and  fine  linen  and  sumptuous  fare  are 
pleasant  and  desirable,  but  the  benev- 
olent and  the  conscientious  cannot 
enjoy  them  when  Lazarus  lies  at  the 
gate." 

A  rich  Crow  Lidian  in  Montana, 
named  "White  Arm,"  had  in  some 
way  gotten  hold  of  the  true  idea  of 
"possessions."  A  missionary  needed 
some  land  to  establish  a  school  farm 
to  teach  the  little  Indians  how  to  work 
as  well  as  pray.  He  applied  to  the 
government  agent  and  found  all  the 
land  thereabouts  had  been  allotted  to 
the  Indians.  "Take  my  land,"  said 
"White  Arm."  He  gave  them  one 
hundred  and  sixty  acres.  Another 
missionary,  on  arriving  in  the  place, 
happened  to  say,  "I  wish  I  had  my 
wife  and  children  here !"  "Why  don't 
you?"  asked  "White  Arm."  "Because 
I  have  no  place  to  put  them."  "Take 
my  house,"   said  "White  Arm."     In 


spite  of  the  missionary's  protest  he 
moved  out  into  a  tent  and  left  his 
house  empty  and  open,  so  that  the 
missionary  could  not  refuse  to  take 
it.  Afterward  he  said  that  he  did  all 
this  for  the  children  of  his  tribe,  that 
the  missionary  might  lead  them  and 
their  parents  to  the  true  God. 

He  built  a  house,  time  laid  it  in  the  dust; 
He  wrote  a  book,  its  title  now  forgot; 
He  ruled  a  city,  but  its  name  is  not 
On  any  tablet  graven,  or  where  rust 
Can  gather  from  disuse,  or  marble  bust ; 
He  took   a  child   from  out  the   wretched 

cot, 
Who   on   the   State   dishonor   might   have 
brought, 
And  reared  him  to  the  Christian's  hope  and 

trust. 
The  boy,  to  manhood  grown,  became  a  light 
To  many  souls,  preached  for  human  need 
The  wondrous  love  of  the  Omnipotent. 
The  work  has  multiplied  like  stars  at  night 
When    darkness    deepens;    every    noble 
deed 
Lasts  longer  than  a  granite  monument. 
Sarah  K.   Bolton. 

Christian  leaders  often  discuss  "how 
to  save  the  masses,"  but  it  is  harder 
to  save  the  rich.  A  thoughtful  young 
lady  of  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York,  ex- 
claimed :  "Who  will  save  us,  the  lost 
ones  of  selfish  wealth  and  wasteful, 
wanton  luxury?"  "How  siiall  we 
evangelize  the  slums?''  is  discussed; 
but  the  harder  proposition  is,  "Hov/ 
to  save  the  selfish  suburbs." 

2.  Sin.  Luxury,  unguarded  by 
unselfish  devotion,  led  Belshazzar,  as 
it  leads  young  men  to-day,  to  the  fol- 
lowing chain  of  sins:  (i)  drink,  (2) 
lust,  (3)  profanity,  (4)  ungrateful 
disloyalty  to  God.  While  the  very 
poor  and  the  very  rich  have  the  great- 
est temptations,  all  of  us  need  to  watch 
and  pray,  lest  we  enter  into  tempta- 
tion. 

Stones  of  Peril. 

A  lady  in  India  had  a  pet  mina  bird 
of  beautiful  plumage  and  sweet  song, 
that   lived   in   a   cage   in    her  sitting- 


sports  that  Kill. 


10'/ 


room,  and  was  very  good  company. 
At  length  she  thought  it  so  tame  and 
so  attached  to  her  that  she  could  trust 
it  to  come  out  of  the  cage  and  liy 
about  the  room.  Her  husband  said 
one  day,  "Have  you  noticed  an  ugly 
bird  that  sits  daily  in  a  tree  near  the 
veranda?  I  think  it  must  be  a  bird 
of  prey  watching  for  your  mina  bird." 
The  wife  replied  gaily,  "Then  it  will 
be  disappointed."  But  as  no  harm 
came  day  after  day  she  forgot  the 
warning  and  grew  careless,  and  one 
day  when  her  door  was  open  the  mina 
bird  saw  the  bright  sunshine  and  birds 
outside  and  ventured  out,  only  to  fall 
instantly  a  prey  to  the  enemy  that 
had  watched  so  long  for  an  oppor- 
tunity to  devour  it.  How  vividly  the 
story  pictures  the  tragedy,  worse  than 
death,  that  has  come  to  many  a  boy 
and  girl — sometimes  because  the 
mother  or  father  was  too  careless 
of  the  danger,  but  oftener  because  the 
youth  boldly  rushed  into  danger ! 

One  of  the  exquisite  wonders  of  the 
sea  is  called  the  opelet.  It  is  about  as 
large  as  the  German  aster,  looking,  in 
fact,  very  much  like  one.  Imagine 
a  very  large  double  aster,  with  a  great 
many  long  petals  of  a  light  green 
color,  glossy  as  satin,  and  each  one 
tipped  with  rose  color.  These  lovely 
petals  do  not  lie  quietly  in  their  places, 
but  wave  away  in  the  water,  while  the 
opelet  clings  to  the  rock.  How  inno- 
cent and  lovely  it  looks  on  its  rocky 
bed  !  Who  would  suspect  that  it  would 
eat  anything  grosser  than  dew  and 
sunlight?  But  those  beautiful,  waving 
arms,  as  you  call  them,  have  use  be- 
sides looking  pretty.  They  have  to 
provide  for  a  large,  open  mouth,  which 
is  hidden  down  deep  among  them — so 
deep  that  one  can  scarcely  find  it. 
Well  do  they  perform  their  duty,  for 
the  instant  a  foolish  little  fish  touches 
one  of  the  rosy  tips  he  is  struck  with 
poison  as  fatal  to  him  as  lightning. 
He   immediately  becomes   numb,  and 


in  a  moment  stops  strugglmg,  and 
then  the  other  arms  wrap  themselves 
around  him,  and  he  is  drawn  mto  the 
huge,  greedy  mouth,  and  is  seen  no 
more.  Then  the  lovely  arms  unclose 
and  wave  again  in  the  water  to  grasp 
another  victim.  The  allurements  of 
sin  are  to  be  compared  with  the  ope- 
lets  of  the  sea.  We  can  keep  out  of 
their  reach  if  we  will  try  to  do  so. 

In  Des  Moines  the  directors  of  the 
industrial  school  for  fallen  girls  have 
impressively  shown  what  one  of  these 
perils  is,  in  making  it  a  condition  when 
these  girls  are  paroled  and  go  back 
to  try  life  once  more,  that  they  shall 
not  go  to  any  public  dance.  The  police 
as  well  as  the  preacher  know  the 
dance  as  youth's  deadliest  foe ;  and 
next  to  it  stand  the  "shows,"  most  of 
them  schools  of  robbery  and  vice. 

Another  impressive  illustration  of 
such  deadly  temptations  as  destroyed 
the  young  Belshazzar  is  the  rat- 
catcher plant,  a  vegetable  pitcher 
filled  with  liquid  that  will  stupefy  the 
rat  or  mouse  or  roach  that  comes  to 
it  seeking  to  allay  its  thirst.  Having 
stupefied  the  victim,  this  pitcher-plant 
closes  about  his  neck,  pressing  two 
spines  or  spikes  into  his  neck.  And 
so,  even  if  he  revives  from  the  knock- 
out drops,  he  is  held  fast,  and  in  time 
is  drawn  fully  into  the  plant,  to  be 
absorbed  by  it.  The  parallel  between 
this  "pitcher"  and  those  which  capture 
foolish  and  wicked  youth  is  so  mani- 
fest that  it  need  not  be  further  ex- 
plained. Daniel  reminds  Belshazzar 
(4:  33)  that  his  royal  father.  Nebu- 
chadnezzar, because  of  a  beastly  life, 
came  under  a  sort  of  madness  that 
made  him  roam  like  beasts,  and,  like 
them,  feed  on  grass,  which,  he  tells 
the  young  king,  should  have  warned 
the  son  to  avoid  the  beastly  life  of 
drunkenness  and  sensuality  he.  never- 
theless, chose  to  his  own  destruction. 

"Woe  unto  hiui  that  ^ivcth  his 
neighbor    drink!"     The    golden    text 


io8 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


reminds  ns  that  the  Bible  condemns 
giving  intoxicants  to  others  as  much 
as  taking  it  ourselves.  And  yet  we 
hear  of  abstaining  bartenders !  And 
we  have  met  Christian  men  and  women 
in  Great  Britain  who  abstain  them- 
selves because  they  regard  the  use  of 
intoxicating  beverages  as  a  foolish 
and  harmful  custom,  and  yet  offer 
them  to  their  guests,  forgetting  that 
God  says,  "Woe  unto  him  that  giveth 
his  neighbor  drink !"  In  the  United 
States  only  one  President,  Ruther- 
ford B.  Hayes,  has  excluded  from 
the  Presidential  table  the  drinks 
that  make  drunkards.  Several  Presi- 
dents have  had  the  courage  to  turn 
down  their  glasses,  but  all  save  that 
one  have  lacked  the  courage  to  turn 
down  a  custom  as  absurd,  in  the  light 
of  modern  science,  as  the  physician's 
ancient  custom  of  bleeding  for  every 
disease. 

And  what  shall  we  say  of  Christian 
young  men  and  women  who  consent 
to  serve  in  hotels  or  restaurants  where 
they  must  carry  liquors  to  the  guests? 
They  cannot  plead  that  they  are 
"under  orders,"  for  they  are,  indeed, 
under  higher  orders,  and  "every  man 
must  give  account  of  himself  to  God." 

Profanity  Without  Words. 

Let  us  not  forget  that  Belshazzar's 
profanity  and  ingratitude  are  repre- 
sented in  the  Bible  as  even  greater 
sins  than  drink  and  lust.  His  pro- 
fanity was  in  deed  rather  than  word, 
using  the  sacred  vessels  of  the  Lord 
at  his  impious  feast.  Some  who  would 
not  swear  are  guilty  of  the  worse 
sacrilege  of  profaning  the  fifty-two 
sacred  vessels  God  has  given  us  in 
the  Sabbaths  of  the  year.  Alas, 
even  preachers,  in  many  cases,  pro- 
fane these  sacred  vessels  by  using 
the  Sunday  train,  the  mother  of  Sun- 
day mails  and  Sunday  papers,  and 
much  more  of  Sunday  toil  and  traffic. 
Let  us  all  rallv  to  the  defense  of  the 


Sabbath,  never  so  imperiled  as  now. 

While  Belshazzar's  sins  of  lust  and 
appetite  and  profanity  were  great,  his 
supreme  sin  was  his  ungratetul  pride. 
"The  God  in  whose  hand  thy  breath 
is,  thou  hast  not  glorified."  Not  to 
glorify  God  is  high  treason — the 
greatest  sin  because  a  violation  of  the 
"great  commandment"  to  make  God 
supreme  in  our  lives. 

3.  Doom.  God  saw  everything  that 
was  done  in  Belshazzar's  feast  of 
pride  and  sin,  and  He  sees  all  we  do 
to-day.  The  young  king  was  stand- 
ing all  the  while,  as  we  are,  on  God's 
invisible  scales,  where  all  are  weighed 
by  One  who  sees  all  secret  acts  and 
thoughts.  "It  is  appointed  unto  men 
once  to  die,  but  after  this  the  judg- 
ment." "Every  man  shall  give  ac- 
count of  himself  to  God."  Let  us  not 
think  that  because  we  have  not  been 
guilty  of  Belshazzar's  grosser  sins  we 
shall  escape.  If  you  are  not  a  Chris- 
tian you  are  guilty  of  that  which 
Daniel  most  condemned  in  him — dis- 
loyalty to  God.  Shall  a  husband  say, 
"I  have  done  no  one  a  wrong  save 
my  wife?"  Shall  a  son  say,  "I  have 
been  faithful  to  all  but  my  father?" 
If  we  have  disregarded  the  command 
to  love  God,  we  are  guilty  of  the  su- 
preme crime.  The  Dives  that  Jesus 
pictured  in  hell  is  not  represented  as 
guilty  of  anything  but  living  selfishly, 
not  loving  either  God  or  man. 

The  mills  of  God  are  not  always 
"slow,"  for  the  record  is:  "In  that 
night  (of  tlie  very  day  when  Daniel 
had  read  the  writing  of  doom  on 
the  wall  of  the  palace)  was  Bel- 
shazzar,  the  King  of  the  Chaldeans, 
.slain."  History  tells  us  Babvlon  was 
taken  by  Cyrus,  King  of  the  Persians, 
in  the  dead  of  night,  by  turning  the 
river  from  its  course,  and  entering 
under  the  walls  by  the  way  of  the 
river-bed  laid  bare. 

Let  us  never  forget  that  the  liquor 
haliit,  like  that  historic  orgy  of  Bel- 


sports  that  Kill. 


109 


shazzar,  incapacitates  us  for  resisting 

ihc  enemies  that  wait  to  destroy  lis, 
most  (lani;er(3us  of  whicli  are  the 
microbes  that  can  work  evil  only  in 
the  broken  _q"rape  or  grain  or  man. 

It  is  appropriate  here  to  recall  some 
of  the  kingly  men  that  alcohol  has 
laid  low^  The  National  Temperance 
Advocate  recently  named  the  following 
as  some  of  the  most  regal  victims : 

What  a  lovely  spot  is  Addison's 
Walk  in  Oxford,  and  yet  Addison's 
]iowerfnl  brain  reeled  under  the  in- 
fluence of  alcohol.  Hogg,  the  Ettrick 
shepherd,  was  its  slave.  Hartley  Cole- 
ridge, the  son  of  the  distinguished 
metaphysician  and  poet,  nephew  of 
Southey  and  the  friend  and  favorite 
of  Words w'orth,  was  reduced  to  miser- 
able physical  conditions  by  intemper- 
ance. The  celebrated  Edmund  Kean 
experienced  the  wreck  of  his  giant 
memory  through  its  influence.  Rich- 
ard Brinsley  Sheridan,  orator,  drama- 
tist, statesman  and  wit,  with  gifts  and 
faculties  apparently  almost  beyond  the 
human,  the  friend  of  princes,  the  idol 
of  peers,  died  where?  In  a  garret,  a 
broken-down,  miserable  wreck.  And 
what  was  the  cause  ?  The  same  answ'er 
— drink !  Charles  Lamb  was  another 
of  the  bottle's  victims.  Edgar  Allan 
Poe  passed  away  in  a  ^tate  of  intoxi- 
cation. William  Pitt,  the  younger, 
lost  his  health  and  his  strength  in 
alcoholic  dissipation.  Byron,  t''e  splen- 
did poet,  had  his  manhood  degraded 
and  came  to  his  grave  at  thirty-seven 
years  of  age,  by  reason  of  intemper- 
ance. Alexander  tlie  Great  conquered 
all  of  the  then  known  world  bv  the 
time  he  was  tliirtv  years  of  age.  Three 
years  later  he  passed  away,  mastered 
by  the  flowing  bowl. 

United  States  Census  Bulletin  No.  S?.  giye.-; 
the  number  of  reported  deaths  from  alco- 
holism for  the  year  ending  May  31.  1900. 
The  average  deaths  per  loo.ooo  poDnlition 
in  the  United  States  is  3,1G8.  California 
leads  the  list  with  a  rate  of  13.26.     Summar- 


izing the  results  as  to  the  license  and  Pro- 
hibition States,  we  have  these  figures: 

Per  100,000 
Class.  Deaths.         Pop. 

Prohibition   States .'ST  1.62 

License  States 2,754  3.78 

It  thus  appears  that  the  rate  of  reported 
deaths  from  alcolwtism  in  license  States  is 
more  than  tzvice  as  high  as  it  is  in  Prohi- 
bition States. 

In  excavations  of  the  ruins  of 
Babylon  a  cylinder  has  been  found 
inscribed  by  the  father  of  Belshazzar, 
which  reads :  'Tn  the  heart  of  Bel- 
shazzar, my  first-born  son.  .  .  .  'let 
the  fear  of  thine  exalted  godhead,  so 
that  he  may  commit  no  sin,  and  that 
he  may  be  satisfied  with  the  fulness 
of  life.'" 

The  prayer  of  that  father  was 
addressed  to  idol  gods  who  had  no 
power  to  answer  prayer,  and  the 
father  was  himself  an  idol  worshiper. 
It  is  only  the  prayer  of  the  godly 
man  that  can  avert  doom.  Even  the 
prayers  of  godly  parents  on  behalf  of 
their  godless  children  are  not  an- 
swered by  the  true  and  living  God, 
in  their  conversion,  unless  they,  too, 
pray._ 

It  is  a  great  distinction  among  the 
Egyptians  to  have  been  a  pyramid 
builder,  as  Khufu  (Cheops),  Ratatef, 
jNlenkauhor  and  Teta.  Daniel  was  a 
pyramid  builder  of  another  sort.  He 
built  not  in  stone,  but  in  character. 
When  Belshazzar,  frightened  by  the 
mysterious  handwriting  on  the  wall, 
had  called  in  his  wise  men  and  as- 
trologers to  interpret  the  meaning, 
and  they  had  failed  to  do  so,  he  sent 
for  Daniel,  at  the  suggestion  of  the 
queen  mother.  The  king  paid  only 
the  tribute  due  to  Daniel  when  he 
said :  "I  have  even  heard  of  thee,  that 
tlie  spirit  of  the  gods  is  in  thee,  and 
tliat  light  and  understanding  and 
excellent  wisdom  is  found  in  thee." 
It  took  vn  small  degree  of  courage 
for  Daniel,  after  such  a  compliment, 


no 


World  Book  of  Tcmf>crancc. 


to  pronounce  in  God's  name  sentence 
of  death  on  that  wicked  young  king. 
Something  of  the  same  God-given 
courage  was  shown  by  one  of  the 
Inter-Collegiate  Prohibition  Associ- 
ation, who,  after  graduation,  was  ap- 
pointed pastor  of  a  church  which  had 
borrowed  $3,000  of  a  brewer  some 
years  before.  When  the  new  pastor 
spoke  out  against  the  liquor  business 
the  brewer  reminded  him  of  the  mort- 
gage and  warned  him  to  desist.  But 
the  threat  was  in  vain.  The  pastor 
hastened  to  clear  the  church  of  the 
debt  and  struck  the  liquor  traffic  yet 
harder  blows.  "Dare  to  be  a  Daniel." 
4.  Safety.  In  contrast  to  the  hope- 
less death  and  doom  of  Belshazzar, 
behold     Daniel,     who    had     met    like 


temptations  in  youth,  and  vanquished 
them,  standing  in  his  ripe  old  age  on 
the  safety  of  fixed  integrity. 

Those  who  fight  for  the  right  in 
youthv  usually  hold  the  fort  in  age 
with  assured  peace. 

'Tis  yet  high  day,  thy  staff  resume, 
And  fight  fresh  battles  for  the  truth; 

For  what  is  age  but  youth's  full  bloom, 
A  riper,  more  transcendent  youth? 

A  weight  of  gold 

Is  never  old ; 

Streams  broader  grow  as  dovvnward  rolled. 

At  sixty-two  life  has  begun; 

At   seventy-three   begins   once   more; 
Fly  swifter  as  thou  near'st  the  sun. 

And  brighter   shine  at  eighty-four. 
At  ninety-five 
Shouldst  thou  arrive, 
Still  wait  on  God  and  work  and  thrive. 

Oliver  Wendell  Holmes. 


See  Class  I'ledj^e  at  end  of  book. 


THE  CHRISTIAN  PROGRAM  OF  REFORM. 

By  Rev.  Samuel  Zane  Batten,  D.D. 


The  master  thouglit  of  Jesus'  life 
and  the  central  theme  of  His  teaching 
is  the  Kingdom  of  God.  The  King- 
dom of  God  may  mean  much  more 
than  a  Christianized  human  society 
on  earth,  but  it  is  certain  that  it 
never  can  mean  less.  The  program 
of  the  Kingdom  contemplates  not 
alone  the  salvation  of  the  soul  by 
making  it  Christlike,  but  also  the 
salvation  of  society  b}-  transforming 
it  into  the  order  of  the  Kingdom. 
The  Christian  people  who  ofifer  the 
Lord's  Prayer  and  believe  in  the 
coming  of  God's  Kingdom  are  tliere- 
by  committed  to  the  task  of  building 
up  this  Kingdom  in  the  earth.  The 
campaign  for  the  Kingdom  implies 
both  an  active  warfare  against  the 
things  that  hurt  and  hinder  man, 
and  a  collective  effort  to  lay  the 
streets  and  build  the  walls  of  the 
heavenly  city.  The  effort  to  with- 
stand one  evil,  to  take  up  one  stum- 
bling block,  to  help   one  life  and   to 


brighten  one  corner  of  the  city,  is 
the  translation  into  deed  of  some 
article  of  the  Christian  faith. 

In  their  search  for  the  Kingdom 
it  is  important  that  Christian  people 
have  some  comprehensive,  unifying, 
positive  and  inspiring  program  of 
action  and  reform.  In  their  efforts 
to  bring  in  the  Kingdom  it  is  essen- 
tial that  men  have  some  ideal  of 
human  society,  some  sense  of  direc- 
tion in  human  progress,  some  con- 
ception of  the  work  to  be  done  and 
some  idea  of  the  method  to  be  fol- 
lowed. In  the  last  analysis  the  cause 
of  reform  is  the  cause  of  Christianity, 
as  the  cause  of  Christianity  is  the 
cause  of  reform.  In  this  work  of 
reform  and  progress  it  is  necessary 
that  Christian  people  know  how  to 
handle  both  the  sword  and  the  trowel, 

I. — The  Program. 

In  the  search  for  the  Kingdom,  in 
the  efifort  to  build   on  earth  the  City 


The  Christian  Program  of  Reform. 


Ill 


of  God,  tlicre  is  both  a  negative  and 
a  positive  work. 

I.  Tiiii  Work  of  the  Svvoru.  In 
the  work  of  reform  and  progress  it 
is  necessary  that  we  destroy  the 
things  that  are  evil ;  that  we  take  up 
stunibhng  blocks  out  of  the  way  of 
the  people;  that  we  cast  out  of  our 
cities  the  things  that  defile,  that  work 
abomination  and  that  make  a  lie. 
These  are  some  of  the  evils  that  must 
feel  the  edge  of  the  sword  and  must 
be  opposed  in  the  name  of  the  King : 

1.  Impurit}'  and  vile  literature. 

2.  All  intoxicants,  both  drinks  and 
drugs. 

3.  Gambling  in  all  its  forms. 

4.  Neglect  of  the  Rest  Day. 

5.  City  slums  and  foul  tenements. 

6.  Industrial  exploitation  of  child- 
hood. 

7.  Lawlessness  and  political  cor- 
ruption. 

Some  of  these  forms  of  evil  may 
exist  for  a  long  time  to  come,  and  we 
mav  never  be  able  to  eliminate  them 
wholly  in  this  present  world  ;  but  we 
can  wage  a  continuous  warfare 
against  them ;  we  can  make  their 
practice  hazardous  and  unprofitable; 
we  can  narrow  and  limit  them ;  we 
can  wear  them  down  and  crowd  them 
out ;  we  can  provide  that  they  never 
shall  become  recognized  and  'legiti- 
mated practices  and  customs ;  we 
can  create  a  steady  presumption 
against  the  things  that  are  harmful 
to  man  and  hurtfid  to  society. 

2.  The  Work  of  the  Trowel.  In 
the  effort  to  bring  in  the  Kingdom 
of  God  it  is  necessary  not  alone  that 
we  clear  the  ground  and  remove 
obstacles,  but  that  we  lay  the  streets 
and  build  the  walls  of  the  new  city. 
These  are  some  of  the  causes  to  be 
promoted  by  the  constructive  trowel. 

1.  The  careful  and  systematic 
training  of  the  young  in  the  duties 
of  citizenship. 

2.  The      systematic      and      Scrip- 


tural  instruction   of   the   people   in   t'r.c 
meaning  and  obligations  of  the  family. 

3.  The  creation  for  all  of  the  con- 
ditions of  a  clean,  healthy  and  moral 
life. 

4.  The  administration  of  justice 
with  a  saving  purpose,  by  providing 
a  better  environment  for  the  young, 
by  creating  juvenile  courts  and  by 
building  reformatories. 

5.  The  creation  of  better  and 
more  Christian  sentiments  and  cus- 
toms in  society  with  reference  to 
amusement. 

6.  The  collective  effort  to  build 
cities  on  more  sanitary  and  moral 
lines. 

7.  Providing  city  parks  and  play- 
grounds. 

8.  Profit  sharing  and  labor  co- 
partnership. 

9.  Making  rural  life  more  attract- 
ive and  wholesome. 

10.  The  collective  effort  to  realize 
the  law  of  brotherhood  in  man's  social, 
industrial  and  political  life. 

11.  The  stead}'  effort  to  exalt  man, 
and  to  make  wealth  a  means  and  not 
an  end. 

12.  The  steady  effort  to  bring  the 
disinherited  into  the  family  circle  and 
to  give  them  a  fair  inheritance  in 
society. 

13.  The  collective  effort  to  build 
on  earth  a  city  after  the  pattern  of 
the  Holy  City  of  the  Revelation. 

In  suggesting  this  program  we  in- 
dulge no  vain  hopes  of  its  immediate 
and  complete  realization.  But  there 
is  a  world  of  difference  between  tlie 
better  and  the  worse.  That  we  can 
not  do  everything  at  once  is  no 
reason  why  we  should  do  nothing  at 
all.  There  is  a  vast  amount  of 
remedial  wrong  and  of  possible  im- 
provement. We  must  do  everything 
that  we  can  do.  It  is  better  to  live 
on  the  small  arc  of  an  infinite  circle 
than  to  compass  the  whole  area  of 
a   ten-foot  circumference.     Whatever 


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concerns  man  concerns  the  Kmgdoni 
of  Gotl  and  should  concern  all  Chris- 
tian people.  Whatever  blessing  or 
'  condition  is  implied  in  the  Kingdom 
of  God  on  earth  is  a  Christian  object 
of  effort  while  the  Kingdom  is  com- 
ing. 

II. — The  Method. 

In  the  prosecution  of  this  program 
there  arc  certain  definite  lines  of 
action  and  methods  of  worl<  whicii 
are  potent  and  effective,  and  some  of 
the  means  and  methods  by  which  ti.e 
program  may  be  developed  may  be 
specified. 

1.  By  creating  a  more  Christian 
sentiment  in  the  rank  and  file  of  the 
people. 

2.  By  instructing  the  people  and 
developing  in  them  a  sensitive  and 
militant  conscience. 

3.  B}'  faithful  enforcement  of  laws 
that  make  vice  and  crime  hazardous 
and  unprofitable,  and  create  a  steady 
presumption  in  favor  of  purity  and 
honesty. 

4.  By  crystallizing  tlie  moral  sen- 
timent of  the  people  in  better  and 
more  beneficent  legislation. 

5.  By  enlisting  the  Church  in  the 
work  of  moral  education  and  social 
service. 

6.  By  making  the  warring  and 
discordant  members  of  industrial 
society  know  that  they  were  brothers 
before  they  were  employers  and 
employes,  and  l)y  adjusting  the  re- 
lations among  them  on  the  basis  of 
justice  and  brotherhood. 

7.  By  securing  the  united  and  con- 
tinuous co-operation  of  all  the  moral 
and  reform  forces  of  a  community  in 
behalf  of  progressive  and  practicable 
measures. 

8.  By  holding  up  before  men  the 
divine  ideal  of  human  society  that  the 
State,  as  well  as  the  Family  and  the 


Church,  may  be  about  the  Father's 
business. 

That    the    whole    life    of    man 

MAY     be     served,     THAT     THE     WHOLE 

Kingdom  may  be  advanced,,  it  is 
necessary  that  there  be  special- 
ists in  study  and  reform.  but  it 
must  be  remembered  that  there 
are  no  isolated  and  independent 
reforms;  there  is  no  one  reform 
whicii  of  itself  and  by  itself  can 

BRING      IN      THE      KlNGDOM      OF      GoD. 

For  this  reason  the  advocates  of 

ANY  single  REFORM  SHOULD  LIVE 
AND  WORK  in  MOST  CORDIAL  SYM- 
PATHY WITH  ALL  OTHER  MEN  WHO  ARE 
I'ROMOTING  any  other  REFORM.  It 
MUST  BE  REMEMBERED  TFIAT  THERE 
IS  WORK  IN  THE  KINGDOM  FOR  ALL 
KINDS  OF  TALENT,  AND  THAT  THEY 
WHO     ARE     NOT     AGAINST     US    ARE    ON 

OUR  SIDE.  Hence  the  man  who 
would  hinder  another,  though  he 
follow  not  with  us,  proves  that  he 
cares  more  for  his  own  honor  than 
for  the  cause  of  the  Kingdom. 

The  idea  of  the  Kingdom  of  God 
is  both  a  protest  and  a  confession. 
It  is  a  protest  against  the  order  that 
now  prevails  on  earth ;  and  it  is  a 
confession  of  faith  in  the  divine  order 
of  human  society.  Christianity  is 
not  here  to  make  men  satisfied  with 
things  as  they  are,  but  to  inspire  them 
to  arise  and  make  things  what  they 
ought  to  be.  The  Christian  man  is 
bound  by  his  very  contract  to  agitate 
and  serve  till  every  wa'ong  has  been 
abolished ;  till  every  human  soul  has 
enough  room  for  the  full  expression 
,of  his  powers;  till  the  kingdoms  of 
this  world  have  become  the  Kingdom 
of  our  God,  and  the  City  of  God  has 
come  down  from  heaven  and  is  real- 
ized on  earth.  The  practice  of  the 
heavenly  citizenship  on  earth  is  the 
best  preparation  for  heaven,  and  it  is 
the  sign  of  one's  meetness  for  life  in 
the  Citv  of  God. 


JOHN  said;  "it  is  not  lawful  for  thee  to  have  her. 

Drink  Outherods  Herod* 


Mark  6:  14-29. 


14  And  king  Herod  heard  thereof;  for 
his  name  had  become  known:  and  he  said, 
John  the  Baptizer  is  risen  from  the  dead, 
and  therefore  do  these  powers  work  in  him. 
15  But  others  said.  It  is  Elijah.  And  others 
said,  It  is  a  prophet,  ez'cn  as  one  of  the 
prophets.  16  But  Herod,  when  he  heard 
thereof,  said,  John,  whom  I  beheaded,  he  is 
risen.  17  For  Herod  himself  had  sent  forth 
and  laid  hold  upon  John,  and  bound  him  in 
prison  for  the  sake  of  Herodias,  his  brother 
Philip's  wife ;  for  he  had  married  her.  18 
For  John  said  unto  Herod,  It  is  not  lawful 
for  thee  to  have  thy  brother's  wife.  19  And 
Herodias  set  herself  against  him,  and  desired 
to  kill  him ;  and  she  could  not ;  20  for 
Herod  feared  John,  knowing  that  he  was  a 
righteous  and  holy  man,  and  kept  him  safe. 
And  when  he  heard  him  he  was  much  per- 
plexed; and  he  heard  him  gladly.  21  And 
when  a  convenient  day  was  come,  that 
Herod   on  his   birthday   made   a    supper   to 


his  lords,  and  the  high  captains,  and  the 
chief  men  of  Galilee ;  22  and  when  the 
daughter  of  Herodias  herself  came  in  and 
danced,  she  pleased  Herod  and  them  that 
sat  at  meat  with  him ;  and  the  king  said 
unto  the  damsel.  Ask  of  me  whatsoever 
thou  wilt,  and  I  will  give  it  thee.  23  And  he 
sware  unto  her.  Whatsoever  thou  shalt  ask 
of  me,  I  will  give  it  thee,  unto  the  half  of 
my  kingdom.  24  And  she  went  out,  and 
said  unto  her  mother,  What  shall  I  ask? 
And  she  said.  The  head  of  John  the  Bap- 
tizer. 25  And  she  came  in  straightway  with 
haste  unto  the  king,  and  asked,  saying,  I 
will  that  thou  forthwith  give  me  on  a  plat- 
ter the  head  of  John  the  Baptist.  26  And 
the  king  was  exceeding  sorry;  but  for  the 
sake  of  his  oaths,  and  of  them  that  sat  at 
meat,  he  would  not  reject  her.  27  And 
straightway  the  king  sent  forth  a  soldier 
of  his  guard,  and  commanded  to  bring  his 
head ;     and  he   went  and  beheaded   him   in 


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the  prison,  28  and  brought  his  head  on  a  when  his  disciples  heard  thereof,  they  came 
platter,  and  gave  it  to  the  damsel;  and  the  and  took  up  his  corpse,  and  laid  it  in  a 
damsel    gave    it    to    her    mother.      29    And       tomb. 


Golden  Text  :    Lest  tliey  drink  a:id  forget  the  lazv. — Prov.  31 :  5. 


John  and  Herod,  prophet  and  king, 
preacher  and  president,  are  all  "min- 
isters of  God."  That  title  Paul  twice 
applies  to  rulers  in  the  thirteenth  of 
Romans.  In  this  lesson  we  see  the 
faithful  minister  set  in  contrast  with 
one  who  was  fearful  and  so  a  failure. 

The  Herods  of  History. 

The  Herod  family  has  become  the 
synonym  of  cruelty  and  tyranny.  The 
first  Herod,  though  he  had  built  the 
temple,  attempted  to  kill  Christ,  and 
in  the  effort  massacred  all  the  babies 
of  Bethlehem.  He  treated  his  own 
children  so  badly  that  the  Emperor 
Augustus  said,  "I  would  rather  be 
his  swine  and  his  son."  In  the  in- 
toxication of  anger,  to  which  he  was 
subject,  he  murdered  at  different  times 
his  brother,  his  grandfather,  three  of 
his  sons,  his  wife's  mother  and  his 
wife,  Mariamne,  who  was. the  favorite 
among  his  ten  wives.  And  when  he 
was  clying,  he  ordered  that  the  chief 
men  of  the  city  of  Judea  should  be 
killed,  lest  there  should  be  no  mourn- 
ing, but  rather  rejoicing  when  he  was 
dead.  He  died  of  a  loathsome  disease, 
probably  due  to  his  vices. 

His  son,  Herod  Antipas,  the  Herod 
of  this  lesson,  called  by  Christ  "that 
fox"- — a  fine  characterization  of  the 
unprincipled  politician  in  all  ages — 
was  less  given  to  murder  than  his 
father,  adultery  being  his  favorite 
criine.  He  took  the  legal  wife  of  his 
brother,  Herod  Philip,  as  his  own,  no 
doubt  veiling  his  crime  under  some 
unwarranted   decree  of   divorce. 

Thf:  Fraklp:ss  Preachkr,  John  the 
Baptist,  God's  ambassador  at  his  royal 


court,  arraigned  t!:e  king  and  queen 
for  this  mutual  crime  before  the  Su- 
preme Court  of  the  universe.  Herod 
had  borne  the  rebuke,  even  if  he  did 
not  obey  it,  but  women  when  they  are 
wicked  seem  to  go  into  sin  more  in- 
tensely than  men,  and  so  the  Jezebel 
at  his  side  insisted  that  John  should 
be  sent  to  the  dungeon  of  Machaerus. 
Edersheim  says  of  its  ruins,  "These 
immense  heaps  look  like  a  monument 
of  judgment.  The  foundations  of  the 
walls  all  around  to  the  height  of  a 
yard  or  two  above  the  ground  are 
still  standing.  As  we  clamber  over 
them  to  examine  the  interior  we 
notice  how  small  the  keep  is,  exactly 
one  hundred  yards  in  diameter.  A 
well  of  great  depth  and  a  deep  ce- 
mented cistern,  with  the  vaulting  of 
the  roof  still  complete,  and — of  most 
terrible  interest  to  us — two  dungeons, 
one  of  them  deep  down,  its  sides 
scarcely  broken  hi,  with  small  holes 
still  visible  in  the  masonry,  where 
staples  of  wood  and  iron  had  once 
been  fixed.  As  we  look  down  into 
this  hot  darkness  we  shudder  in  real- 
izing that  this  terrible  keep  had  for 
nigh  ten  months  been  the  prison  of 
that  son  of  the  free  wilderness,  the 
brave  herald  of  the  coming  kingdom, 
the  humble,  earnest,  self-denying  John 
the  Baptist." 

John  the  Baptist  was  literally 
"faithful  unto  death"  in  preaching'. 
The  incident  is  wortli  rejieating  of 
the  European  prison,  to  which  many 
martyrs  to  liberty  and  religion  had 
lieen  conmiitted ;  where  the  writer 
saw,  scratched  deeplv  with  a  nail  in 
the  stone  wall:  "Be  thou  faithful  unto 


Drink  Outhcrods  Herod. 


115 


the  deathe,  and  I  will  give  thee  a 
crowne  of  life."  In  our  times  we 
need  to  ponder  such  heroism,  for  many 
of  us  are  not  faithful  even  up  to  the 
sneering  point.  So  far  from  being 
faithful  when  it  costs  blood,  we  are 
not  willing  to  face  even  rain.  Not 
alone  preachers,  but  also  teachers, 
need  the  story  of  John  the  Baptist 
facing  the  royal  pair  who  could  kill 
him  at  a  word,  and  saying  to  Herod, 
of  his  new  queen,  Herodias,  who  had 
been  divorced  from  his  brother  Philip 
to  marry  him,  "It  is  not  lawful  for 
thee  to  have  her." 

Here  it  is  appropriate  to  quote  the 
words  of  Gladstone :  "One  thing  I 
have  against  the  clergy,  both  of  the 
country  and  in  town — they  do  not 
sufficiently  lay  upon  the  souls  and 
consciences  of  their  hearers  their 
moral  obligations,  and  probe  their 
hearts,  and  bring  up  their  whole  lives 
and  actions  to  the  bar  of  conscience. 
The  class  of  sermons  which  I  think 
is  most  needed  is  the  class  which 
ofifended  Lord  Melbourne  long  ago. 
He  was  seen  coming  from  church  one 
day  in  the  country,  in  a  mighty  fume. 
Finding  a  friend,  he  exclaimed :  'It 
is  too  bad !  I  have  always  been  a 
supporter  of  the  church,  and  I  have 
always  upheld  the  clergy ;  but  it  is 
really  too  bad  to  have  to  listen  to  a 
sermon  like  that  we  have  had  this 
morning.  Why,  the  preacher  actually 
insisted  upon  applying  religion  to  a 
man's  private  life !'  But  that  is  also 
the  kind  of  preaching  I  like  best;  the 
kind  of  preaching  which  men  most 
need  ;  but  it  is  the  kind  of  which  they 
get  the  least." 

Hcfoism  in  War  and  Peace, 

How  shall  we  make  Christians  as 
brave  in  the  daily  tests  of  faithfulness 
as  soldiers  usually  are  in  battles,  as 
firemen  commonly  are,  as  life-savers 
are,  as  even  scientists  are  in  their 
frequent  risks  of  life  for  the  promo- 


tion of  knowledge?  Lord  Roberts 
gives  as  the  bravest  deed  he  ever  saw 
the  act  of  a  native  British  soldier  in 
India,  who  was  charging  a  fort  at  the 
relief  of  Lucknow,  The  rebel  defend- 
ers had  just  retreated  inside,  and  were 
closing  the  great  gates  behind  them. 
They  were  almost  shut,  when  this 
native,  Mukarrab  Khan,  sprang  for- 
ward at  the  head  of  his  troop,  and 
thrust  his  arm  through  the  narrow 
aperture,  to  prevent  its  being  fastened, 
till  his  comrades  could  arrive  and  push 
it  open.  Of  course  he  knew  what 
would  happen,  and  it  did  happen.  His 
arm  was  hacked  to  pieces  by  the 
foiled  garrison.  He  calmly  stood  and 
let  them  hack  away.  When  that  arm 
was  so  cut  up  it  could  no  longer  be 
relied  on  for  preventing  the  fastening 
of  the  gates  he  thrust  the  other  be- 
tween the  two  gates,  knowing  it  would 
receive  the  same  treatment.  By  that 
time  his  comrades  had  arrived  and  the 
gates  were  opened,  and  hundreds  of 
beleaguered  Europeans  were  saved, 
the  rebellion  shortened,  and  India 
restored  to  order  and  to  the  British 
Queen.  The  man  who  did  that  brave 
act  of  self-sacrifice,  judging  by  his 
name,  was  a  heathen,  and  many  acts, 
scarcely  less  brave,  have  been  done 
by  soldiers  in  all  ages.  Governor 
Geary,  of  Pennsylvania,  once  told  this 
story  of  a  battle  in  the  Civil  War, 
where  he  fought  desperately,  in  the 
feeling  that  the  life  of  the  nation 
might  turn  on  the  result : 

"I  went  into  that  battle,  sir,  with 
my  son.  His  mother  and  I  thought 
everything  of  that  fine,  handsome  boy. 
You  know  how  a  father  will  feel 
toward  his  son  who  is  coming  up 
manly  and  brave  and  good.  Well,  the 
battle  opened.  Horses  and  riders  bent 
and  twisted  and  piled  up  together.  It 
was  awful.  We  quit  firing  and  took 
to  the  point  of  the  bayonet.  I  didn't 
feel  like  myself  that  day.  I  had  prayed 
to  God  for  strength  for  that  particular 


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World  Book  of  TonpcrancC. 


battle,  and  I  went  into  it  feelmg  that 
I  had  in  my  right  arm  the  strength 
of  ten  giants.  The  liattle  was  des- 
perate, but  after  a  while  we  gained 
a  little  and  marched  on.  I  turned 
round  to  the  troops  and  shouted, 
'Come  on,  boys !'  and  I  stepped  across 
a  dead  soldier,  and  lo,  it  was  my  son  ! 
I  saw  at  the  first  glance  he  was  dead, 
and  yet  I  didn't  dare  to  stop  a  minute, 
for  the  crisis  had  come  in  the  battle, 
so  I  just  got  down  on  my  knees,  and 
I  threw  my  arms  around  him,  and  I 
gave  him  one  good  kiss,  and  said, 
'Good-bye,  dear!'  and  sprang  up  and 
shouted,  'Come  on,  boys !'  " 

A  recent  representative  case  of  cour- 
age in  fires  is  that  of  the  elevator  men 
in  the  Masonic  Temple  of  Chicago, 
who  kept  the  elevators  running 
through  smoke  and  heat  till  everyone 
in  the  burning  building  had  been 
brought  down.  And  here  is  a  sample 
of  many  heroic  deeds  in  behalf  of 
science,  in  a  telegram  that  once  came 
from  the  Weather  Bureau  Station  on 
Mount  Washington,  in  bleak  midwin- 
ter: 

"9  p.  m.  Barometer  falling  fast. 
Thermometer  twenty-two  degiees  be- 
low. Stevens  seems  to  be  dying."' 
"12  p.  m.  Private  Stevens  is  dead. 
I  am  alone  on  the  mountain.  Wind 
blowing  a  hurricane.  House  creaking 
fearfully.  Instruments  working  all 
right." 

Often  we  read  in  tlic  papers  that 
even  naturally  timid  women  have 
stopped  runaway  horses,  driven 
burglars  from  their  homes,  rescued 
drowning  men.  Sucli  courage  is 
found  among  Christians  in  supreme 
tests  of  martyrdom,  as  recently  in 
China.  But  the  problem  we  are  con- 
sidering is  how  to  develop  such  cour- 
age in  "the  piping  times  of  peace,"  in 
the  common  tasks  of  the  common  day ; 
the  courage  to  speak  unwelcome  truth 
in  public  and  in  private — the  last  the 
harder   of   the   two — ^the   courage  to 


adhere  to  convictions  among  thosd 
who  sneer  at  them ;  to  do  among  the 
Romans  as  the  Romans  ought  to  do. 

For  one  thing,  preachers  and  teach- 
ers, by  their  very  illustrations,  should 
prove  that  they  really  believe  that 
"peace  hath  her  victories,  not  less 
renowned  than  war,"  for  there  can 
be  no  doubt  that  the  expected  reward 
of  public  approval  stimulates  the  sol- 
dier and  the  fire-fighter  to  daring 
deeds.  We  should  make  the  heroes 
of  peace  feel  that  their  reward  will 
be  not  only  a  "crown"  in  eternity,  but 
also  the  grateful  appreciation  of  good 
men  here  on  earth.  This  earthly 
approval,  however,  should  never  be 
counted  on  by  God's  heroes,  who  are 
often  blamed  even  by  the  good,  whom 
they  outstrip  in  daring.  We  need  to 
get  in  the  habit  of  living  as  in  God's 
sight,  supremely  regardful  of  His 
approval.  "How  can  we  fear  anything 
with  Him  looking  at  us?" 

This  Herod  had  a  living  conscience, 
and  he  often  called  forth  the  im- 
prisoned prophet  and  "heard  him 
gladly."  But  for  fear  of  his  wife  he 
would  have  set  him  free.  He  had  no 
thought  of  punishing  him  by  anything 
worse  than  imprisonment.  W  e  shall 
have  further  proof  that  whatever  this 
Herod  fell  short  of  the  family  repu- 
tation in  cruelty  his  wife  made  up. 

The  King  of  the  Kingf. 

Here  comes  into  the  story  King 
Alcohol,  the  power  behind  the  throne 
then  and  now,  that  outherods  Herod 
in  cruelty  and  tyranny  and  lust.  Every 
crime  of  all  the  Herods  alcohol  repeats 
on  a  grander  scale.  Herod  put  in  his 
mouth  what  steals  away  the  brains  of 
king  and  peasant  alike.  In  his  after- 
dinner  drunkenness,  with  his  guests 
in  like  case,  he  called  for  the  dessert 
that  usually  follows  the  wine  in  the 
Orient,  as  it  is  coming  to  do  in  some 
of  our  cities  to-day — the  dancing-girl. 
We  see  lust  completiiQg  the  work  of 


Drink  Outhcrods  Herod. 


117 


liquor  in  llic  kiiii^'s  hrain,  and  lie 
utters  his  foolish  ])romise  to  reward 
the  dancer  with  wliatever  Salome 
would  ask,  to  the  half  of  his  kinj^doni. 
A  queen's  dauj^hter,  in  order  to 
secure  revenge  for  a  lustful  mother 
against  her  faithful  chaplain,  hatl 
taken  the  dancing-  part  usually  left  to 


To  this  crime  of  heheading  John, 
ilcrod  had  brought  himself  by  first 
losing  his  own  head  through  wine. 
Strange  that  men  with  brains  should 
flood  them  with  wine !  The  awful 
request  sobered  him.  But  he  was  not 
brave  enough  io  say  he  had  made  a 
mistake  and  face  the  sneers  of  liis  wife 


urs    HEAD    WAS   GIVEN  TO  THE  DAMSEL   AND   SHE    TOOK     IT    TO     HER     MOTHER.' 


common  harlots.  Quite  likely  mother 
and  daughter  had  both  been  dancing- 
girls  in  earlier  days,  and  the  mother 
had  captured  a  king,  as  actresses  to- 
day capture  millionaires,  by  wine  and 
dance  combined. 

\  Salome's  queen  mother  bade  her 
ask  "the  head  of  John  the   Baptist." 


and  guests.  He  might  at  least  have 
pleaded  that  a  bad  promise  is  worse 
kept  than  broken,  though  better  not 
spoken.    In  the  words  of  Shakespeare: 

It  is  a  great  sin  to  swear  unto  a  sin, 
But  greater  sin  to  keep  a  sinful  oath. 
Who  can  be  bound  by  any  solemn  vow 
To  do  a  murderous  deed? 


ii8 


iVorld  Book  of  Temperance. 


But  this  was  one  of  many  cases 
where  a  king  was  himself  a  woman's 
slave.  And  so  in  his  lonely  dungeon 
John  was  straightway  beheaded,  and 
the  woman  whose  sin  he  had  rebuked 
received  the  ghastly  head  on  a  platter 
for  her  feast  of  revenge. 

Herodias.  the  destroyer  of  John, 
was  at  last  the  destroyer  of  her  hus- 
band  in  everything  but  life.     In  her 


ambition,  she  induced  him  to  go  to 
Rome  to  secure  the  title  of  king. 
Instead,  he  was  there  charged  with 
crimes,  and  was  deposed  by  Caligula 
and  banished  to  Lyons. 

How  Drink  Perverts  Government. 

This  lesson  invites  us  to  survey  the 
ruin  drink  has  wrought  in  the  specific 
realm  of  government,  illustrating  the 
warning  in  Proverbs  31  :  4,  5  : 

It  is  not  for  kings  to  drink  wine, 
Lest  they  forget  the  law 
And  pervert  the  justice  due  to  any  that  is 
afiflicted. 


COWlKIJ 

.Berod  (eared 
HEKO 

JuhD  fj^red  not 


the  people  }    ""'  ***  spared  John.' 


ife       \ 
ale       ;    " 

the  people  S 
Hero.l  I 

Herodlae       [  *" 
death  J 


d  eo  killed  Jubo. 


d  HO  Bpoke  the  truth. 


Railroads  are  insisting  on  total  ab- 
stinence in  their  employees.  Perhaps 
we  shall  learn  some  day  that  as  clear 


a  brain  is  required  to  run  a  govern- 
ment as  a  freight  train. 

The  Chinese  author  of  "She-King," 
in  about  450  B.  C,  describes  a  Chi- 
nese Herod  whose  wickedness  was 
also  in  part  due  to  drink  : 

Thus   to    the   tyrant    Shen,   our   King,   Wan 
said : 

"Alas,  alas !    Yin's  king  so  great. 
Not  heaven,  but  spirits  flush  your  face  with 
red, 

That  evil  thus  you  imitate. 
You  do  in  all  your  conduct  what  is  wrong — 

Darkness  to  you  the  same  as  light ; 
Your  noisy  feasts  and  revels  you  prolong. 

And  day  through  you  is  black  as  night." 

King  Benhadad  was  defeated  when 
he  was  drinking  himself  drunk,  he 
and  the  thirty  and  two  kmgs  that 
helped  him  (i  Kings  20:  16).  Bel- 
shazzar,  the  young  king  of  Babylon, 
only  seventeen  years  old,  was  over- 
thrown while  he  drank  sacrilegiously 
from  the  sacred  vessels  taken  from 
God's  temple  (Dan.  5:  1-30) — a  sin 
no  greater  than  corrupting  with  in- 
toxicants the  temples  of  God  to-day, 
which  temples  we  are. 

The  Modern  Slaughter  of  the  Inno- 
cents. 

The  murder  of  John  by  drunken 
Herod,  and  even  the  slaughter  of  sol- 
diers in  defeats  caused  by  drink,  is  a 
trifle  to  the  slaughter  of  native  races 
through  the  rum  which  has  been 
shipped  from  Christian  nations  to  the 
child  races,  of  heathen  lands,  through 
the  influence  of  drink,  not  in  the  brains 
of  kings,  but  at  the  ballot-box. 

Herod's  massacre  in  Bethlehem 
shrinks  into  insignificance  beside  the 
modern  destruction  of  child  races  by 
the  vices  of  civilization.  Rev.  Charles 
Satchell  Morris,  of  South  Africa,  said 
at  the  World's  Missionary  Conference 
in  New  York :  "What  an  awful  many- 
sided  charge  the  vast  crowd  of  butch- 
ered    African     witnesses     will     have 


Drink  Outherods  Herod. 


119 


against  the  civilized  world  in  the  day 
of  judgment!  Africa,  robbed  of  her 
children,  rifled  of  her  treasures,  lies 
prostrate  before  the  greed  of  the 
Christian  nations  pf  the  world.  A 
slave-pen  and  battle-field  for  ages, 
Chistian  nations,  instead  of  binding 
up  her  wounds,  like  the  good  Samari- 
tan ;  instead  of  passing  by  and  leaving 
her  alone  like  Levite  and  priest,  have 
come  to  her  with  ten  tliousand  ship- 
loads of  hell's  masterpiece  of  dam- 
nation— rum — that  is  turning  her  chil- 
dren into  human  cinders ;  that  has 
turned  the  entire  west  coast  into  one 
long  barroom,  from  which  it  is  esti- 
mated that  no  fewer  than  two  mil- 
lion drunken  savages  go  forth  to  die 
of  delirium  tremens  every  year.  'Gin, 
gin !'  is  the  cry  all  along  the  west 
coast,  and,  says  Joseph  Thompson, 
'Underneath  that  cry  for  gin  I  seem 
to  hear  the  reproach :  "You  see  what 
Christians  have  made  us." '  Africa 
sends  to  Europe  fibre,  palm  oil,  palm 
kernels,  rubber  and  coffee.  Europe 
sends  to  Africa  powder  and  balls  to 
slaughter  the  body,  and  rum  to  slay 
the  soul." 

Intoxicating  Dances  of  To-day. 

This  lesson  points  not  alone  to  the 
intoxicating  cup,  but  also  to  the  in- 
toxicating dance,  especially  the  Salome 
dances  of  American  theatres.  In  tlie 
amazing  lack  of  any  proper  censor- 
ship of  plays  in  American  cities,  whose 
mayors  might  themselves  be  absolute 
censors,  and  would,  if  parents  would 
leave  the  two  sides  of  the  bargain 
counter  long  enough  to  demand  home 
protection,  a  veritable  plague  of 
Salome  dances  invaded  the  American 
stage  in  1908  and  1909. 

The     associations     of     sunday- 

SCHOOL  teachers  HAVE  THE  ABILITY, 
AND  so  THE  RESPONSIBILITY,  TO 
PROTECT  THE  CHILDREN  BY  AN 
IRRESISTIBLE  APPEAL  TO  MAYORS  TO 
SUPPRESS    THEATRES   WHICH    ARE   USED 


AS  SCHOOLS  OF  ADULTERY  AND  ROB- 
BERY. For  such  associations  to  devote 
their  meetings  to  discussing  picnics 
and  Christmas  trees  when  such  perils 
menace  their  wards  is  like  Xero  fid- 
dling while  Rome  burns — nay,  it  is  as 
if  Paul  were  doing  the  fiddling. 

Remotse. 

The  other  chief  theme  of  this  story, 
first  in  the  te.xt  but  last  in  the  order 
of  events,  is  Herod's  remorse.  The 
guilty  king  hears  of  Jesus  going  about 
teaching  and  healing,  and  cries  out 
to  his  very  servants:  "It  is  John  the 
Baptist,  •whom  I  beheaded ;  he  is  risen 
from  the  dead !"  History  tells  us  that 
the  head  of  Cicero  was  brought  to 
Fulvia,  and  that  she  pierced  tlie  tongue 
whose  faithful  words  had  often  pierced 
her  conscience. 

A  woman  had  killed  her  husband 
by  driving  a  nail  into  his  skull,  and 
so  successfully  had  she  covered  up 
the  wound  that  he  was  buried  without 
any  suspicion  being  cast  upon  her. 
After  several  years  the  woman  flat- 
tered herself  that  she  would  never  be 
found  out.  One  day,  however,  the 
gravedigger  was  at  work  in  the  ceme- 
tery, and  threw  up  this  man's  skull, 
and  there  he  saw  the  nail.  I  do  not 
know  that  he  suspected  the  woman, 
but  he  took  it  to  her  and  said,  "Look 
there!"  She  threw  up  her  hands  and 
cried,  "My  God!  Found  out  at  last!" 
Our  sins  will  all  be  found  out  at  last. 

The  practical  lesson  is  not  alone 
that  guilt  brings  remorse,  but  also 
that  in  daily  life  "Nothing  is  true 
pleasure  that  is  not  pleasant  to  re- 
member." 

There  is  also  another  profound  les- 
son of  encouragement  in  the  story 
of  John,  which  Dr.  Maltbie  D.  Bab- 
cock  embodied  in  a  sermon  to  En- 
deavorers.  on  the  text,  "Were  slain 
with  the  sword,"  words  that  in  He- 
brews eleventh  appear  in  a  list  of 
the   victories   of   faith,   reminding   us 


I20 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


of  the  victories  of  those  who  fail,  the 
prisoners,  the  martyrs,  who  were  van- 
quished and  yet  victors,  Hke  their 
crucified  Master.  At  the  last  it  is 
not  Herodias,  but  John,  that  comes 
off  victor. 

Glorious   it  is   to  wear  the   crown 

Of    a    deserved   and   pure    success; 
He  who  knows  how  to  fail  has  won 

A  crown  whose  lustre  is  not  less. 
Blessed  are  those  who  die  for  God 

And  earn  the  martyr's  crown  of  light. 
Yet  he  who  lives  for  God  may  be 

A  greater  conqueror  in  His  sight. 

Adelaide  Proctor. 

Even  if  the  cause  for  whi«li  John 
had  died  had  not  won  at  last,  his 
noble  efforts  would  not  have  been  in 
vain,    for  their   effect  upon   his   own 


character    would   have   repaid   all    the 
labor  and  sacrifice. 

Aspire,  break  bounds,  I  say; 
Endeavor  to  be  good,  and  better  still,   and 

best : 
Success  is  naught,  endeavor's  all. 

Browning. 

It  was  before  another  Herod, 
Herod  Agrippa  H.,  that  Paul  "rea- 
soned of  righteousness,  temperance 
and  a  judgment  to  come."  So  should 
the  successors  of  Paul,  the  preachers 
and  teachers  of  to-day,  reason  with 
the  rulers  of  our  time,  not  forgetting 
that  the  voters  are  our  ultimate  rulers 
and  that  Christian  voters  are  as  re- 
sponsible to  God  for  the  use  of  their 
ballots  as  kings  for  the  use  of  their 
sceptres  and  swords. 


RENDER  UNTO  CAESAR  THE  THINGS   THAT  ARE    CAESAR  S,  AND  UNTO  GOD   THE 
THINGS   THAT   ARE    GOD's." 

Hero  is  one  of  Iho  divine  charters  of  Christian  politics,  a  command  of  Christ  that  His  fol- 
lowers shall  do  their  dntv  alike  to  God  and  government  (Matthew  22:  21).  It  proclainis  pontics, 
as  one  of  the  two  2;i'cat  hemispheres  of  Christian  duty,  the  summary  in  one  word  of  tlie  secona 
jfreat  commandment,  "Thou  shalt  love  thv  neighbor  as  thyself."  We  are  obeying  the  law  oi 
Christ  in  paying  taxes  as  surelv  as  in  paying  pew  rent.  Tricliy  scribes,  who  knew  every  letter 
of  the  F.ihle  but  nothing  of  its  spirit,  who' .studied  harder  to  devise  a  question  to  entangle  (  tirisc 
in  His  talk  than  thev  had  ever  studied  to  save  anybody,  asked,  "Is  it  lawful  to  give  tribute  to 
Caesar?"  Thev  argued  if  He  said  "Yes."  the  people  who.  like  themselves,  hated  the  Roman  gov- 
ernment would  mob  Him:  but  if  He  said  "No."  they  would  get  Him  crucified  for  treason.  Uis 
reply  in  substance  was:  As  you  have  n  duty  as  godly  men  to  God,  you  have  a  duty  also  to  what- 
ever government  you  accept  by  using  its  coins  and  other  helps  to  social  welfare.  Uo  your  duty 
to  God  and  government. 


ABSTAIN  FOR  YOUR  OWN  SAKE  AND  YOUR  CHILDREN'S. 

SCIENTIFIC    TESTIMONY    ON    BEER. 

From  Speec-h  by  Senator  J.  H.  <!alliii,irtM-,  M.D.,  (Jongressioual   Ueconl,  .Ian.  !i,   1!)01. 


The  alarming  growth  of  the  use  of  beer 
among  our  people,  and  the  spreading  de- 
lusion among  many  who  consider  them- 
selves temperate  and  sober,  that  the  encour- 
agement of  beer  drinking  is  an  effective 
way  of  promoting  the  cause  of  temperance 
and  of  aiding  to  stamp  out  the  demon  rum, 
impelled  the  Toledo  Blade  to  send  a  repre- 
sentative to  a  number  of  the  leading  physi- 
cians of  Toledo  to  obtain  their  opinions  as 
■to  the  real  damage  which  indulgence  in 
malt  liquors  does  the  victim  of  that  form 
of    intemperance. 

Every  one  is  not  only  a  gentleman  of  the 
highest  personal  character,  but  is  a  physi- 
cian whose  professional  abilities  have  been 
severely  tested,  and  received  the  stamp  of 
the  highest  indorsement  b}'  the  public  and 
their  professional  brethren.  More  skilful 
physicians  are  not  to  be  found  anywhere. 
We  have  not  selected  those  of  known  tem- 
perance principles.  What  they  say  of  beer 
is  not  colored  by  any  feeling  for  or  against 
temperance,  but  is  the  cold,  bare  experience 
of   men   of   science. 

A  Beer-Drinking   City. 

Toledo  is  essentially  a  beer-drinking  city. 
It  will  be  seen  that  their  conclusions  are 
fully  confined  by  the  more  recent  careful 
experiments  of  physicians  in  many  lands 
that  are  given  elsewhere  in  other  pages 
of  this  book.  (See  Hygienic  Index,  p.  6.) 
The  practice  of  these  physicians  is 
largely  among  beer  drinkers,  and  they 
have  had  abundant  opportunities  to  know 
exactly  its   bearing   on   health   and   disease. 

Every  one  bears  testimony  that  no  man 
car  drink  beer  safely,  that  it  is  an  injury 
tf  any  one  who  uses  it  in  any  quantity, 
and  that  its  effect  on  the  general  health  of 
the  country  has  been  even  worse  than  that 
of  whiskey.  The  indictment  they  with  one 
accord  present  against  beer  drinking  is 
simply  terrible. 

The  devilfish  crushing  a  man  in  his  long, 
winding  arms,  and  sucking  his  blood  from 
his  mangled  body,  is  not  so  frightful  an 
assailant  as  this  deadly  but  insidious  enemy, 
which  fastens  itself  upon  its  victim  and 
daily  becomes  more  and  more  the  wretched 
man's  master,  and  finally  dragging  him  to 
his  grave  at  a  time  when  other  men  are  in 
their  prime  of  mental  and  bodily  vigor. 


Kills    Quicker    Than    Other    Liquor. 

Dr.  S.  H.  Biirgcn,  a  pvaclitioncr  35  years, 
28  in  Toledo,  says:  "1  think  beer  kills 
quicker  than  any  other  liquor.  My  atten- 
tion was  first  called  to  its  insidious  effects 
when  I  began  examining  for  life  insur- 
ance. I  passed  as  unusually  good  risks 
five  Germans — young  business  men — who 
seemed  in  the  best  health,  and  to  have 
superb  constitutions.  In  a  few  years  I  was 
amazed  to  see  the  whole  five  drop  off,  one 
after  another,  with  what  ought  to  have  been 
itiild  and  easily  curable  diseases.  On  com- 
paring my  experience  with  that  of  other 
physicians,  I  found  they  were  all  having 
similar  luck  with  confirmed  beer  drinkers, 
and  my  practice  since  has  heaped  confirma- 
tion on  confirmation. 

"The  first  organ  to  be  attacked  is  the 
kidneys  ;  the  liver  soon  sympathizes,  and  then 
comes,  most  frequently,  dropsy  or  Bright's 
disease,  both  certain  to  end  fatally.  Any 
physician  who  cares  to  take  the  time  will 
tell  you  that  among  the  dreadful  results  of 
beer  drinking  are  lockjaw  and  erysipelas, 
and  that  the  beer  drinker  seems  incapable 
of  recovering  from  mild  disorders  and  in- 
juries not  usually  regarded  of  a  grave 
character.  Pneumonia,  pleurisy,  fevers,  etc., 
seem  to  have  a  first  mortgage  on  him,  which 
they  foreclose  remorselessly  at  an  early  op- 
portunity. 

Beer  Worse  Than  Whiskey. 

"The  beer  drinker  is  much  worse  off  than 
the  whiskey  drinker,  who  seems  to  have 
more  elasticity  and  reserve  power.  He 
will  even  have  delirium  tremens;  but  after 
the  fit  is  gone  you  will  sometimes  find  good 
material  to  work  upon.  Good  management 
may  bring  him  around  all  right.  But  when 
a  beer  drinker  gets  into  trouble  it  seems 
almost  as  if  you  have  to  recreate  the  man 
before  you  can  do  anything  for  him.  I 
have  talked  this  for  years,  and  have  had 
abundance  of  living  and  dead  instances 
around  me  to  support  my  opinions." 

Beer   Drinking  Shortens  Life. 

Dr.  S.  S.  Lungren,  a  leading  homeo- 
pathic physician  and  surgeon.  lias  practised 
in  Toledo  25  years:  "It  is  difficult  to  find 
any  part  of  the  confirmed  beer  drinker's 
machinerv  that  is  doing  its  work  as  it 
should.     This  is  why  their  life  cords  snap 


122 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


off  like  grass  rods  when  disease  or  acci- 
dent gives  them  a  little  blow.  Beer  drink- 
ing shortens  life. 


Automatic  Water  Cooling  Fountain, 

invented  find  erected  hy  Benjamin  Walton,  of 
Long:  Beaoli,  Cal.,  for  the  Loyal  Temperance 
Legion  of  Boyle  Heiglits,  and  was  presented 
))y  tliem  to  the  city  of  Los  Angeles.  Ang:ust 
T,"  1VHI7.  as  a  protection  against  saloon  water 
troughs. 

Beer  Drinking  and  Longevity. 

The  President  of  the  Connecticut  Mutu'J 
Life  Insurance  Companj' — one  of  the  oldest 
in  the  country — has  for  years  been  investi- 
gating the  relation  of  beer  drinking  to 
longevity;  or  otherwise,  whether  beer  drink- 
ers are  desirable  risks  to  a  life  insurance 
company. 

He  declared,  as  the  result  of  a  series  of 
observations  carried  on  among  a  selected 
group  of  persons  who  were  habitual  drink- 
ers of  beer,  that  although  for  two  or  three 
years  there  was  nothing  remarkable,  yet 
presently  death  began  to  strike,  and  then 
the  mortality  became  astounding  and  uni- 
forin  in  its  manifestations.  There  was  no 
mistaking  it;  the  history  was  almost  in- 
variable; robust,  apparent  health,  full 
muscles,  a  fair  outside,   increasing  weight. 


florid  faces;  then  a  touch  of  cold  or  a  sniff 
of  malaria,  and  instantly  some  acute  dis- 
ease, with  almost  invariable  typhoid  symp- 
toms, was  in  violent  action,  and  ten  days 
or  less  ended  it.  It  was  as  if  the  system 
had  been  kept  fair  on  the  outside,  while 
within  it  was  eaten  to  a  shell,  and  at  the 
first  touch  of  disease  there  was  utter  col- 
lapse, every  fiber  was  poisoned  and  weak. 
And  this  in  its  main  features,  varying  in 
degree,  has  been  his  observation  in  beer 
drinking  everywhere.  It  is  peculiarly  de- 
ceptive at  first ;  it  is  thoroughly  destructive 
at  the  last. 

Beer  Drinkers  Unpromising  Patients. 

Dr.  J.  T.  JFoods:  "That  confirmed  beer 
drinkers  are  especially  unpromising  pa- 
tients all  practical  surgeons  agree." 

Dr.  S.  S.  LuHgren :  "Alcohol  invites  at- 
tacks of  disease,  and  makes  recovery  from 
any  attack  or  injury  difficult." 

Dr.  C.  A.  Kirkley:  "Sickness  is  always 
more  fatal  in  beer  drinkers,  and  serious  ac- 
cidents are  usually  fatal  to  them." 

Dr.  S.  H.  Burgen :  "Beer  drinkers  are 
absolutely  the  most  dangerous  class  of  sub- 
jects a  surgeon  can  operate  on.  Insignifi- 
cant scratches  are  liable  to  develop  a  long 
train  of  dangerous  tro,ubles.  Sometimes  de- 
lirium tremens  result^  from  a  small  hurt.  It 
is  dangerous  for  a  beer  drinker  to  even  cut 
his  finger.  All  surgeons  hesitate  to  per- 
form operations  on  a  beer  drinker  that  they 
would  undertake  with  the  greatest  confidence 
on  anyone   else." 

Beer  Drinking  Produces  Rheumatism. 

Dr.  Jl\  T.  Ridcnour:  "Beer  drinking  pro- 
duces rheumatism  by  producing  chronic  con- 
gestion and  ultimately  degeneration  of  the 
liver,  thus  interfering  with  its  function  by 
which  the  food  is  elaborated  and  fitted  for 
the  sustenance  of  the  body." 

Dr.  S.  H.  Burgen :  "All  beer  drinkers 
have  rheumatism,  more  or  less,  and  no  one 
can  recover  from  it  as  long  as  he  drinks 
beer.  Notice  how  a  beer  drinker  walks 
about  stiff  on  his  heels,  without  any  of  the 
natural  elasticity  and  spring  from  the  toes 
and  ball  of  the  foot  that  a  healthy  man 
should  have.  That  is  because  the  beer  in- 
creases the  lithia  deposits  about  the  smaller 
joints." 

Beer  Cripples  the  Liver. 

Dr.  S.  H.  Burgen :  "The  first  effect  on 
the  liver  is  to  congest  and  enlarge  it.  Then 
follows  a  low  grade  of  inflammation  and 
subsequent  contraction  of  the  capsules,  pro- 
ducing 'hob-nailed'  or  drunkard's  liver,  the 
surface  covered  with  little  lumps  that  look 


Abstain  for  Your  Ozvn  Sake  and  Your  Children's 


123 


like  nail  heads  on  the  soles  of  shoes.  This 
develops  dropsy.  The  congestion  of  the 
liver  clogs  up  all  the  springs  of  the  body, 
and  makes  all  sorts  of  exertion  as  difficult 
and  labored  as  it  would  be  to  run  a  clock, 
the  wheels  of  which  were  covered  with  dirt 
and  gum." 

Liable  to  Die  of  Pneumonia. 

Dr.  JV.  T.  Ridcnotir:  "Beer  drinkers  are 
peculiarly  liable  to  die  of  pneumonia.  Their 
vital  power,  their  power  of  resistance,  is  so 
lowered  that  they  are  liable  to  drop  ofif 
from  any  form  of  acute  disease,  such  as 
fevers,  pneumonia,  etc.  As  a  rule,  when  a 
beer  drinker  takes  the  pneumonia,  he  dies. 

"My  first  patient  was  a  saloon  keeper,  as 
fine  a  looking  man  physically  as  I  had  ever 
seen — tall,  well  built,  about  thirty-five,  with 
clear  eyes,  florid  complexion,  muscles  well" 
developed.  He  had  an  attack  of  pneu- 
monia in  the  lower  lobe  of  the  right  lung, 
a  simple,  well-defined  case,  which  I  re- 
garded very  hopefully.  Doctors  are  confi- 
dent of  saving  nineteen  out  of  twenty  such 
cases.  I  told"  my  partner  so  in  the  even- 
ing. To  my  surprise  he  said  quietly,  'He'll 
die.'  I  asked  what  made  him  think  so.  'He 
is  a  beer  drinker,'  he  answered.  My  patient 
began  to  recover  from  the  attack  on  the 
lower  lobe.  Suddenly  the  disease  lighted  up 
in  the  middle-lobe.  Finally  it  attacked  the 
other  lung,  and  my  patient  succumbed." 

Dropsy   Induced   by   Beer   Drinking. 

Dr.  M.  H.  Parinalcc,  physician  and  sur- 
geon twelve  years  in  Toledo,  says :  "The 
majority  of  saloon  keepers  die  from  dropsy, 
arising  from  kidney  and  liver  diseases,  in- 
duced by  beer  drinking.  .  My  experience 
has  been  that  saloon  keepers  and  men 
working  around  breweries  are  very  liable 
to  these  diseases.  When  one  of  those  ap- 
parently stalwart,  beery  fellows  is  attacked 
by  a  disorder  that  would  not  be  regarded 
as  at  all  dangerous  in  a  person  of  ordinary 
constitution,  or  even  a  delicate,  weakly  child 
or  woman,  he  is  liable  to  drop  off  like  an 
over-ripe  apple  from  a  tree.  You  are  never 
sure  of  him  a  minute.  He  may  not  be  dan- 
gerously sick  to-day,  and  to-morrow  be  in 
his  shroud.  Most  physicians,  like  myself, 
dread  being  called  upon  to  take  charge  of  a 
sick  man  who  is  an  habitual  beer  drinker. 
The  form  of  Bright's  disease  known  as  the 
swollen  or  large  wiiite  kidney  is  much  more 
frequent  among  beer  drinkers  than  any  other 
class  of  people." 

"A  Little  Circle  of  Doctors." 

Dr.  S.  S.  Thorite:  "If  you  could  drop 
into  a  little  circle  of  doctors,  when  they  are 


having  a  quiet,  professional  chat,  you  would 
hear  enough  in  a  few  minutes  to  terrify  you 
as  to  the  work  of  beer.  One  will  say,  'What's 
become  of  So-and-So?  I  haven't  seen  him 
around  lately?'  'Oh,  he's  dead.'  'Dead! 
What  was  the  matter?'  'Beer.'  Another 
will  say,  'I've  just  come  from  Blank's.  I  am 
afraid  it's  about  my  last  call  on  him,  poor 
fellow.'  'What's  the  trouble?'  'Oh,  he's 
been  a   regular  beer  drinker  for  years.'     A 

third  will  remark  how  has  just  gone 

out  like  a  candle  m  a  draft  of  wind.  'Beer' 
is  the  reason  given.  And  so  on,  till  half  a 
dozen  physicians  have  mentioned  fifty  re- 
cent cases  where  apparently  strong,  hearty 
men,  at  a  time  of  life  when  they  should  be 
in  their  prime,  have  suddenly  dropped  into 
the  grave.  To  say  they  are  habitual  beer 
drinkers  is  sufficient  explanation  to  any  phy- 
sician." 

Insanity   Caused  by   Beer    Drinking. 

Dr.  S.  S.  Lungrcn :  "The  brain  and  its 
membranes  suffer  severely,  and  after  irrita- 
tion and  inflammation  come  dullness  and 
stupidity.  There  is  no  question  in  my  mind 
that  many  brain  diseases  and  cases  of  in- 
sanity are  caused  by  excessive  beer  drink- 
ing." 

Dr.  C.  A.  Kirklcy.  "Under  its  influence 
the  mental  powers  are  more  inactive  than 
the  physical.  There  is  hardly  a  single  cause 
that  operates  more  powerfully  in  the  pro- 
duction of  insanity;  and  not  only  that,  but 
it  excites  the  action  of  other  causes  that 
may    be    present." 

Bright's  Disease  Due  to  Beer. 

Dr.  IF.  T.  Ridenoiir:  "I  have  no  doubt 
the  rapid  spread  of  Bright's  disease  is 
largely  due  to  beer  drinking.  I  have  al- 
ways believed  that  Bayard  Taylor  fell  a 
victim  to  the  German  beer  that  he  praised 
so  highly.  He  died  of  Bright's  disease  at 
50,  when  he  should  have  lived,  with  his 
constitution,  to  a  ripe  old  age.  He  went 
just  as  beer  drinkers  are  going  all  the  time 
and  everywhere." 

Dr.  C.  A.  Kirklcy:  "I  believe  that  forty- 
nine  out  of  fifty  cases  of  chronic  Bright's 
disease  are  directly  produced  by  it.  I  have 
never  met  with  a  case  in  which  the  patient 
has  not  been  intemperate  to  a  greater  or 
less  degree.  The  proportion  may  be  too 
high,  but  that  is  certainly  my  experience." 

An  Artificial  Prop. 

Dr.  C.  A.  Kirklcy,  in  constant  practice 
in  Toledo  15  years,  says:  "I  do  not  be- 
lieve the  healthy  organism  needs  an  arti- 
ficial prop  to  sustain  it.  Depression  below 
the  standard  of  health  always  follows  just 
in   proportion  as   the    system    is    stimulated 


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above  that  standard.  Every  physician  is 
familiar  with  cases  in  which  nervous  wear 
and  tear  in  an  active  Hfe  has  been  kept  up 
by  stimulants  without  apparent  loss  of 
power  for  years.  Bodily  and  mental  vigor, 
however,  suddenly  fail.  The  repeated  ap- 
plication of  the  stimulus  that  the  exertion 
might  be  prolonged  has  really  expended  the 
power  of  the  nervous  system,  and  prepared 
him  for  more  complete  prostration.  The 
temporary  advantage  was  purchased  at  a 
great  cost.  The  greater  the  expenditure  of 
nervous  power  by  the  use  of  alcO'holics, 
the  more  complete  the  exhaustion.  On  the 
other  hand,  the  man  who  has  abstained  from 
alcoholic  beverages,  having  overtaxed  his 
nervous  system,  only  needs  a  short  period  of 
rest  and  change  for  the  renovation  of  his 
system  and  the  recovery  of  mental  and 
bodily  vigor." 

"A  Crop  of  Lunatics." 

Dr.  A.  McFarland:  "That  'the  iniquities  of 
the  fathers  are  visited  upon  the  children'; 
that  'the  fathers  have  eaten  sour  grapes 
and  the  children's  teeth  are  set  on  edge.'  are 
truths  that  no  Scripture  is  needed  to  teach. 
In  other  words,  he  who  sins  through  phy- 
sical excess  does  not  do  half  the  harm  to 
himself  that  he  does  to  the  inheritors  of  his 
blood.  The  penalty  must  be  paid  as  sure  as 
there  is  seed  time  and  harvest. 

"It  is  your  stout  old  hero,  who  goes  to 
bed-  every  night  with  liquor  enough  under 
his  belt  to  fuddle  the  brains  of  a  half 
dozen  ordinary  men,  and  yet  lives  out  his 
three-score  and  ten,  that  will  be  found  at 
the  head  of  the  stock  that  pour  into  the 
world,  generation  after  generation,  such  a 
crop  of  lunatics,  epileptics,  eccentrics,  and 
inebriates  as  we  often  see." 

A    Ruinous    Delusion. 

Dr.  J.  T.  Woods:  "That  beer  is  for- 
eign to  nature's  demand  is  plainly  evi- 
dent. The  whole  organism  at  once  sets 
about  its  removal.  Every  channel  through 
which  it  can  be  got  rid  of  is  brought 
into  play,  and  does  not  cease  till  the 
last  trace  is  gone.  Reaching  a  certain  end 
depends  only  on  the  frequency  of  the  repe- 
tition. The  whole  is  made  up  of  the  parts ; 
every  drink  counts  one.  These  'ones'  added 
together    make    the    wreck." 

Dr.  S.  H.  Burgcn :  "I  have  told  you  the 
frozen  truth — cold,  calm,  scientific  facts, 
such  as  the  profession  everywhere  recog- 
nizes as  absohite  truths.  I  do  not  regard 
beer  drinking  as  safe  for  any  one.  It  is  a 
dangerous,  aggressive  evil  that  no  one  can 
tamper  with  with  any  safety  to  himself. 
Tlv  re  is  only  one  safe  course,  and  that  is 
to  let  it  alone  entirely." 


Hear  the  Scientific  Temperance  Federa- 
tion's reasons  for  a  campaign  of  temper- 
ance education : 


WHAT   ALCOHOL    WASTES. 

As  long  as  an  influential  portion  of 
the  community  holds  that  alcohol  is 
dangerous  only  to  the  weak,  so  long 
must  there  be  an  active  circulation  of 
the  evidence  that  alcohol  produces 
weaklings.  As  long  as  the  fallacy 
persists  that  intemperance  can  be 
avoided  by  training  self-control,  so 
long  must  the  fact  be  promulgated 
that  alcohol,  even  in  small  quantities, 
weakens  self-control.  As  long  as 
custom  sanctions  the  use  of  alcohol 
to  promote  social  intercourse,  so  long 
must  science  hold  up  the  mirror  show- 
ing that  alcohol,  by  impairing  the 
critical  faculty,  lowers  the  tone  of 
the  intercourse  in  which  it  is  a  fac- 
tor. So  long  as  there  is  a  considerable 
number  of  people  who  use  alcohol  as 
a  means  of  drowning  sorrow  and 
forgetting  misery,  so  long  must  the 
evidence  be  circulated  that  alcohol 
thus  used  increases  the  sources  of 
sorrow  and  misery  and  reduces  the 
ability  to  cope  with  difiiculties. 


Catholic  Voices. 

Archbishop  Ryan,  Philadelphia  1908: 
"Fairs,  picnics  and  excursions  are  never  to 
be  held  without  j)ermission  of  the  Arch- 
bishop, and  alcoholic  drinks  must  never  be 
permitted  at  them.  .  .  .  We  earnestly 
recommend  'the  establishment  in  all  our  par- 
ishes   of    total    abstinence    societies." 

Father  Jatncs  M.  Clcary  (many  years 
President  of  the  Catholic  Total  Abstinence 
Union),  in  speech  1906:  "There  is  hope  for 
us  to-day  that  our  cities  will  be  redeemed, 
and  they  will  be  redeemed  from  dishonor 
just  in  proportion  as  we  curb  and  control 
this  malignant  influence  of  the  liquor 
saloon.  And  it  is  a  hopeful  side  of  the 
redemption  and  reclamation  of  our  Amer- 
ican municipalities  when  all  classes  of  our 
people  who  represent  the  leadership  in  all 
the  different  elements  of  society  are  willing 
to  join  hands  together  and  work  together 
harmoniously  as  a  righteous,  law-abiding, 
liberty-loving  American  people.  I  welcome 
the  day  when  Catholic  and  Protestant,  Jew 
and  Gentile,  arc  more  and  more  uniting  for 
the  moral  uplifting  of  our  people." 


Drugging  the  Guards* 


Luke  12  :  35-46. 


35  Let  your  loins  he  girded  about,  and 
your  lamps  burning;  30  and  be  ye  yourselves 
like  unto  men  looking  for  their  lord,  when 
he  shall  return  from  the  marriage  feast; 
that,  when  he  cometh  and  knocketh,  they 
may  straightway  open  unto  him.  37  Blessed 
are  those  servants,  whom  the  lord  when  he 
cometh  shall  tind  watching:  verily  I  say 
unto  you,  that  he  shall  gird  himself,  and 
make  them  sit  down  to  meat,  and  shall  come 
and  serve  them.  38  And  if  he  shall  come 
in  the  second  watch,  and  if  in  the  third, 
and  find  thcin  so,  blessed  are  those  servants. 

39  But  know  this,  that  if  the  master  of  the 
house  had  known  in  what  hour  the  thief  was 
coming,  he  would  have  watched,  and  not 
have  left  his  house  to  be   broken  through. 

40  Be  ye  also  ready :    for  in  an  hour  that 


ye  think  not  the  Son  of  man  cometh. 
4L  y\nd  Peter  said,  Lord,  speakest  thou 
this  parable  unto  us,  or  even  unto  all?  43 
And  the  Lord  said.  Who  then  is  the  faithful 
and  wise  steward,  whom  his  lord  shall  set 
over  his  household,  to  give  them  their  por- 
tion of  food  in  due  season?  43  Blessed  is 
that  servant,  whom  his  lord  when  he  com- 
eth shall  find  so  doing.  44  Of  a  truth  I  say 
unto  you,  that  he  will  set  him  over  all  that 
he  hath.  45  But  if  that  servant  shall  say  in 
his  heart.  My  lord  delayeth  his  coming ; 
and  shall  begin  to  beat  the  menservants  and 
the  maidservants,  and  to  eat  and  drink,  and 
to  be  drunken;  46  the  lord  of  that  servant 
shall  come  in  a  day  when  he  expecteth  not, 
and  in  an  hour  when  he  knoweth  not,  and 
shall  cut  him  asunder,  and  appoint  his  por- 
tion with  the  unfaithful.' 


Golden    Text:     Let  your   loins    be   girded  about,  and  vour  lamps  burning.— Luke  12:  35. 


Watchfulness  is  literally  wakeful- 
ness. A  "watch"  was  originally  a 
man  awake  at  night  to  guard  against 
danger.     But  now  a  "watch"  tells  the 


/^"Wt  KNOW  ^ 
1^  NOT  THE  HOUR" 
j^"ON  THIS  MOMENT? 
HAN&5       . 

ETERNITY"^ 


jt.E> 


hours  of  day  as  well  as  night,  remind- 
ing us  that  day  has  even  greater  perils 
than  the  dark,  and  that  we  need  to 
be  awake,  in  the  fullest  sense,  to  guard 
against  them.  We  might  well  revive 
the  old  custom  of  putting  on  watches 
mottoes  that  remind  us,  every  time 
we  look  at  thern.  to  watch.  Our  golden 
text  recalls  one  of  those  mottoes ;  "The 


hour  is  flying;  pray  (Fugit  hora; 
ora).  Because  there  are  dangers — 
moral  dangers,  especially,  in  every 
hour — we  should  both  watch  and  pray 
against  temptation.  A  profounder 
motto  from  those  old  days  is :  "On 
this  moment  hangs  eternity"  (In  hoc 
moincnto  pendct  ctcrnitas).  An  old 
Persian  poet  thus  expressed  the  same 
thought : 

A  thousand  years  did  a  poor  man  wait 
Outside  of  Heaven's  gate; 
Then,   while  a  moment  brief  he  dozed, 
It  opened,  and  closed. 

In  theological  discussions  about  the 
future  life  men  sometimes  declare  it 
unreasonable  to  believe  that  one's 
eternal  destiny  can  turn  on  one  brief 
act.  But  every  day  we  see  a  whole 
life  wrecked  physically,  financially  or 
morally  by  one  false  step  of  an  un- 
guarded moment.  In  Japan  there  are 
three  monkc}^  images,  now  worshiped, 
but  originated,  no  doubt,  by  some  sage 
as  an  object  lesson,  one  of  which  has 


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a  hand  over  each  eye,  meaning,  "Be 
careful  what  you  see  ;"  another  a  hand 
over  each  ear,  meaning,  "Be  careful 
what  you  hear  ;"  the  third,  both  hands 
over  his  mouth  as  if  to  say,  "Be 
doubly  watchful  as  to  what  goes  in 
and  out  of  your  mouth."  General 
Miles  has  recently  reiterated  his  early 
warning  against  the  two  chief  perils 
of  the  mouth,  liquor  and  tobacco:  "If 
a  young  man  would  retain  his  clear 
brain,  his  manly  voice  and  sound 
health,  he  had  better  eschew  both." 

Alert  Watchers. 

"Let  your  loins  be  girded  about  and 
your  lamps  burning  f  It  is  alert  watch- 
men that  are  pictured  here,  who  will 
not  sleep  at  their  post.  The  five  senses 
are  five  guards  at  the  gates  of  the 
soul.  Alcohol,  that  is,  Al  Gohol — one 
of  the  names  of  the  devil — drugs  all 
these  God-appointed  guards,  and  se- 
cures admittance,  not  only  for  himself, 
but  for  the  whole  gang  of  robbers 
that  follow  in  his  train.  How  alcohol 
perverts  the  sense  of  taste,  making 
it  crave  at  last  the  drmks  which  at 
first  it  pronounced  bitter  as  gall ! 
When  alcohol  has  drugged  the  senses, 
the  modest  girl  hears  willingly  the 
foul  words  she  would  in  her  sober 
senses  have  resented,  and  her  eyes 
look  upon  sights  she  could  not  other- 
wise have  tolerated.  The  sense  of 
cold  and  heat  are  the  warnings  of 
wakeful  guards,  but  alcohol  drugs 
these  watchmen,  with  resulting  sun- 
stroke in  the  summer  heat,  and  freez- 
ing by  the  wayside  in  the  winter  cold. 
Parents  and  teachers  are  themselves 
God-appointed  chief  watchers  who 
should  be  alert  to  teach  the  children 
how  these  underwatchers  may  be 
saved  from  the  foe  that  ever  seeks  to 
put  them  to  sleep  that  he  may  enter 
and  destroy. 

"Mother,"  said  a  boy  ten  years  old. 
"mav  I  join  the  temperance  society?" 

"You  are  too  young  yet,"  said  the 


mother;  "you  may  join  when  you  are 
old  enough." 

"But,  mother,  some  of  the  boys  I 
know  were  skating  on  the  river  on 
Christmas  Da}',  and  they  had  beer ; 
and  some  of  them  drank  so  much 
that  they  could  net  stand." 

"You  may  join  the  temperance 
society  to-morrow,  my   son." 

Rev.  A.  E.  Dunning,  D.D.,  formerly 
Sunday-school  leader  of  the  Congre- 
gationalists,  has  this  to  say  to  un- 
girded,  unvvatchful  teachers  who  fail 
to  swing  the  red  light  of  warning  and 
so  allow  their  youthful  charges  to 
plunge  into  the  perils  of  drink: 

"Some  Sunday-school  teachers  ask 
what  danger  there  is  of  the  children 
in  their  classes  growing  up  to  be 
drunkards.  Their  parents  are  Chris- 
tians. They  live  amid  wholesome 
surroundings.  It  is  well  enough  to 
teach  temperance  to  the  children  of 
drunkards;  but  do  these  children  need 
to  be  taught  about  it?  I  had  in  my 
Sunday-school,  twenty-five  years  ago, 
a  class  of  six  boys  from  ten  to  twelve 
years  old.  All  except  one  came  from 
good  families.  The  parents  of  that 
one  were  dead.  He  seemed  to  be  the 
most  gentlemanly  boy  of  the  class. 
When  the  boys  came  to  be  about 
fifteen  or  sixteen  years  old  they  or- 
ganized a  club.  It  was  secret,  but 
they  said  its  purpose  was  their  moral 
improvement.  They  hired  a  room. 
Two  of  them  were  members  of  our 
church.  They  brought  into  the  club 
several  other  boys.  One  of  these  they 
appointed  as  a  chaplain.  After  a 
while  it  was  said  that  liquor  was 
taken  to  their  club-room.  Not  long 
afterward  the  chaplain  left  the  club. 
He  is  now  a  Christian  minister.  One 
day  one  of  the  most  attractive  of  the 
voung  men  came  to  me  and  said  that 
he  had  got  into  the  habit  of  drinking, 
and  that  his  parents  had  found  it  out. 
His  motlier.  he  said,  was  almost  in- 
sane.    He  begged   me  to  go   to  her 


Drugging  the  Guards. 


127 


and  tell  her  he  would  never  drink 
again.  I  hit  he  went  from  had  to 
worse  till  he  disappeared,  h'riends  of 
another  came  to  tell  me  that  he  had 
by  forgery  secured  money  from  a 
bank.  Employers  of  another  came 
to  say  that  he  had  made  false  entries 
in  their  books,  and  had  defrauded 
them  of  a  considerable  sum  of  money. 
Another   within    a    few    vears    died    a 


to  smash  the  traps  for  the  young  that 
are  all  about  their  patli,  and  welcome 
the  temperance  lessons  through  which 
they  can  sound  the  notes  of  warning. 
.  The  committee  on  the  alcoholic 
liquor  traffic  in  the  Russian  Douma, 
which  attracted  attention  by  recom- 
mending local  prohibition  in  that  con- 
servative country,  has  made  the  start- 
ling recommendation,  in  an  additional 


ORIENTAL    WATCHMAN     ON    A     WATCH-TOWER. 


common  drunkard.  None  of  these 
boys  at  ten  years  of  age  seemed  likely 
to  be  exposed  to  temptation  to  drink." 
There  are  two  reasons  why  every 
teacher  in  every  kind  of  school  should 
teach  temperance  faithfully :  first, 
because  every  pupil  is  in  danger ; 
second,  to  protect  the  social  life  of  the 
community  by  removing  or  at  least 
reducing  this  evil,  so  making  it,  in 
the  great  words  of  Gladstone,  "harder 
to  do  wrong,  easier  to  do  right."  If 
teachers  are  true  child  guardians  they 
will   watch    eagerly    for   opportunities 


report  to  the  Douma,  that  a  skull  and 
crossbones,  with  words  herewith,  be 
substituted  for  the  imperial  eagle  on 
the  whiskey  labels : 


MEN! 
Although  you  have 
bought  this  liquor,  yet 
know  that  you  are  drinking  poison, 
which  destroys  you.  Before  it  is 
too  late,  quit.  Buy  not  another 
bottle! — Ministry    of    Finance. 


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World  Book  of  J^onpcraitcc. 


Watching  and  Working. 

"Blessed  arc  those  servants."  In 
all  ages  there  have  been  some  who 
have  interpreted  the  command  to 
watch  for  Christ's  coming  as  a  call 
to  curious,  idle  waiting,  whereas  it  is 
a  call  to  wakefulness,  readiness,  Chris- 
tian activity.  We  are  not  to  say  :  "We 
can  do  nothing,  and  must  wait  for 
Him  to  come  and  do  it  all."  The 
watchers  in  this  story  are  "servants" 
"girded"  for  action,  putting  away 
temptations  to  sleep  and  idleness. 
Christ  comes  "girded"  also,  to  do 
only  what  they  cannot  do,  and  to 
reward  them  for  their  previous  serv- 
ice with  a  feast  of  joy.  The  tempta- 
tion to  despair  of  human  efforts  and 
wait  for  something  to  happen  is  pe- 
culiarly strong  in  temperance  work. 
Our  distillers  and  brewers  are  flood- 
ing other  lands  with  this  Yellow 
River  of  sorrow ;  with  the  aid  of  gov- 
ernment even  breaking  down  gradu- 
ally the  great  virtue  of  the  total  absti- 
nence religions,  that  have  hitherto 
protected  half  the  world's  population 
against  this  vice.  One  of  the  leaders 
of  American  missionary  forces,  who 
had  made  vain  efforts  for  eight  years 
to  get  favorable  action  on  the  unan- 
swerable plea  of  Dr.  John  G.  Paton 
that  the  United  States  Government 
should  forbid  its  merchants,  as  Eng- 
land had  done,  to  sell  rum  and  guns 
to  tlie  converted  and  unconverted  can- 
nibals of  the  New  Hebrides,  wrote : 
"The  liquor  interest  in  this  country 
is  too  powerful  to  give  much  hope 
that  our  government  will  take  it  up." 
But  he  failed  to  see  that  the  real  dif- 
ficulty was  that  Christian  citizenship 
had  not  girded  itself  and  kindled  its 
beacon  lights. 

That  bill  for  the  New  Hebrides  and 
other  Pacific  islands  passed  after  a 
new  leader  had  marshaled  his  forces 
daily  for  twenty-one  months.  There 
is  so  little  demand  for  righteous  laws 


that  we  who  are  at  the  doors  of  Con- 
gress wonder  that  we  get  as  many 
as  we  do.  The  United  States  House 
of  Representatives  voted  an  anti- 
saloon  amendment  to  the  Hawaiian 
bill,  providing  for  the  government  of 
those  annexed  islands,  though  not  one 
l)er  cent,  of  the  churcli  members  of 
the  United  States  had  manifested  any 
desire  that  anything  whatever  should 
be  done  to  protect  that  or  any  other 
of   our   islands   against   t":e   American 


"blow  the  trumpet  and  warn  the  people." 

saloon.  No  wonder  that  it  failed  at 
last  in  conference!  Christ  will  do  His 
part  in  bringing  in  His  kingdom  ;  aye, 
and  our  government  will  do  its  part 
when  Christian  citizenship  girds  itself 
and  cries  aloud  as  a  faithful  watcher. 
The  triumvirate  that  rules  every  coun- 
try, when  it  will,  is  the  three-fold 
alliance  of  man,  woman  and  God.  But 
at  present  God's  watchers  are  mostly 
asleep  or  only  half  awake.  Let  the 
handless    clock    remind    us    He    mav 


/>;-// o_<r//;o-  the  Guards. 


129 


come  at  any  moment  to  call  ns  to 
account  for  duties  nes;lcctc(l  as  well 
as  sins  committed  in  our  relations  to 
the  State  as  well  as  in  those  we  owe 
to  the  Church.  We  are  divinely  com- 
manded not  only  to  render  to  God  the 
things  that  are  God's,  but  also  to  ren- 
der to  Caesar  the  thmgs  that  arc 
Caesar's — our  taxes,  our  votes  and 
our  petitions.  "P>lessed  arc  those  serv- 
ants whom  the  Lord,  when  He  cometh, 
shall  find  watching!" 

Watchingf  Against  Wrongdoing. 

"If  the  inastiv  of  the  house  had 
knozvii  ill  1^'hat  lioiir  the  thief  was 
eoniing.  he  leoidd  hai'e  zvatehed."  We 
are  not  only  to  watch  for  Christ's 
coming,  but  we  are  also  to  watcli 
against  the  coming  of  bad  men.  The 
thief  most  to  be  feared  is  not  the 
night  prowler  who  may  steal  our 
property,  but  t'lie  day  thieves  who  steal 
reputation  and  character,  health  and 
virtue.  At  anv  hour  these  highway- 
men may  come  upon  us,  as  polite  as 
many  that  figure  in  history  and  ro- 
mance, but  more  dangerous  because 
the  working  rule  of  the  saloon  is  not 
''money  or  your  life,"  but  "money 
and  your  life."  With  music  and  beau- 
tiful decorations  the  saloons  seek  to 
put  the  fears  of  well-trained  youth  to 
sleep.  What  tragedies  have  come  in 
all  ages  out  of  one  unguarded  mo- 
ment! Esau,  weary  and  lumgry  as 
he  came  from  the  hunt,  in  that  mo- 
ment of  consuming  appetite,  sold  his 
whole  future,  as  manv  a  boy,  many  a 
girl,  has  don.e  for  a  moment's  enjoy- 
ment. 

A  C'f  inaman,  much  addicted  to 
gambling,  and  earnestly  desiring  to 
break  himself  of  the  habit,  visited 
the  temple  of  his  idol,  and  after  man.y 
prostrations,  dashed  a  bowl  to  pieces, 
with  the  words:  "Thus  may  mv  life 
be  brol-'pu  if  T  ever  gamlilc  again  !" 

The  fear  of  breaking  his  oath  kept 


him  for  a  while;  but  in  the  course 
of  time  he  drifted  into  the  habit  again. 
Once  more  visiting  the  temple,  after 
similar  prostrations,  he  held  up  a  can- 
dle, and  blowing  out  the  flame,  ex- 
claimed :  "Thus  may  my  life  be  blown 
out  if  I  gamble  again,"  with  the  same 
result  as  before. 

The  gambler's  slavery  is  of  mind 
alone,  but  the  drinker  is  a  slave  both 
in  mind  and  body,  a  slave  that  only 
Christ  can  emancipate. 

Stories  of  Watchfulness. 

"Be  ye  also  ready."  "How  many 
runs  this  month?"  said  a  visitor  at  a 
fire-engine  house.  "Didn't  turn  a 
wheel,"  >vas  the  reply.  In  that  month 
the  city  had  jiaid  $400  in  the  expenses 
of  that  fire  watch,  and  had  apparently 
got  no  benefit  in  return.  But  hark ! 
the  cry  of  "Fire!"  "Fire!"  rmgs  out. 
In  two  minutes  the  ready  horses  and 
ready  men  are  hurrying  to  the  fire, 
and  in  fifteen  minutes  they  are  at 
work,  and  $10,000  in  property  is 
saved.  "Be  ye  also  ready,"  swift  to 
hear  every  warning,  sv^-ift  to  act  in 
your  own  defense  or  in  defense  of 
others,  especially  of  the  young,  against 
worse  perils  than  fire  that  are  daily 
making  their  sudden  inroads — devices 
to  lure  to  gambling,  to  impurity,  to 
drink  and  to  more  respectable  sins  no 
less  harmful,  such  as  greed,  which  is 
the  chief  root  of  all  the  others. 

Ex-President  Roosevelt  on  the  "  Blocd 
Money  "  of  the  Saloon. 

Ex-President  Roosevelt,  in  one  of  his 
messages  in  igo8,  grouped  the  gam- 
bler, the  liquor  seller  and  the  rol)l:)cr 
financier  as  a  trinitv  of  evil.     He  sairl : 

"The  man  who  makes  an  enormous 
fortune  by  corrupting  legislatures  and 
municipalities  and  fleecing  stockholcfe  s 
and  the  public,  stands  on  the  same 
moral   level  with   the   creature   who   fat- 


T30 


tens    on    the    blood    money  of    the   gam- 
Dl-ng  house  and  the  saloon." 

In  1908  there  was  considerable 
discussion  of  "tainted  money,"  that 
is,  dirty  bank  bills,  on  some  of  which 
as  many  as  half  a  million  bacteria  had 
been  counted.  Those  who  raised  the 
alarm  admitted  no  case  could  be 
proved  of  anyone  being  infected  by 
these  bacteria  on  the  "filthy  lucre,'' 
and  even  guinea  pigs  inoculated 
from  these  germs  suffered  no  serious 
results.  Probably  half  our  fears 
about  bacteria  are  groundless.  We 
probably  could  not  live  without  swal- 
lowing a  cjuarter  of  a  million  a  day 
of  "germs  from  Germany,  and  para- 
sites from  Paris  and  mike-robes  from 
Ireland."  The  dirty  money  that  is 
really  dangerous  is  that  which  we 
have  secured  by  dirty  tricks  or  un- 
clean methods,  or  that  which  we  have 
misspent  for  evil  indulgence.  Let 
boys  and  girls  be  taught  in  home  and 
Sunday-school  to  despise  the  muddy 
and  bloodv  gold  of  the  brewer  and 
distiller,  to  despise  rather  than  envy 
him  in  the  big  house  whose  mortar 
was  the  tears  of  blood  of  other  homes 
he  blasted  to  build  his  own. 

"Whether    or    not    the    world 

WOULD  be  vastly  BENEFITED  BY  A 
TOTAL  AND  FINAL  BANISHMENT  FROM 
IT  OF  ALL  INTOXICATING  DRINKS 
SEEMS  TO  ME  NOT  AN  OPEN  QUESTION. 
ThREE-FOURTHS  OF  MANKIND  CON- 
FESS THE  AFFIRMATIVE  WITH  THEIR 
TONGUES  [he  DOES  NOT  FORGET  THAT 
HALF  THE  RACE  ARE  UNDER  TOTAL 
ABSTINENCE  RELIGIONS],  AND,  I  BE- 
LIEVE, ALL  THE  REST  ACKNOWLEDGE 
IT  IN  THEIR  HEARTS.  OuGHT  ANY, 
THEN,  TO  REFUSE  THEIR  AID  IN  DOING 
WHAT  THE  WHOLE  GOOD  OF  THE 
COUNTRY  DEMANDS?"      LINCOLN,    1842. 


World  Book  of  Tail  Iterance. 

City     Governments 
Alarm, 


Sounding      the 


The  greatest  of  all  modern  warn- 
ings against  drink  are  the  municipal 
posters  on  "Alcoholism  and  Physical 
Degeneracy,"  put  up  in  French  and 
British  cities  "by  order  of  the  City 
Council,"  over  the  signature  of  the 
mayor  and  the  health  officer.  In 
France  these  are  also  issued  in  the 
name  of  "the  French  Republic,"  under 
the  mottoes,  "Liberty,  Equality,  Fra- 
ternity" (see  page  131).  The  reason 
these  warnings  against  alcohol  were 
put  up  in  France  was  that  the  birth 
rate  was  falling  below  the  death  rate, 
and  France  was  becoming  literally  a 
dying  nation.  Scores  of  British  cities 
followed  this  precedent  because  a 
majority  of  British  youths  who  offered 
themselves  for  the  army  could  not 
pass  the  physical  examination.  Au- 
stralia, with  no  such  signs  of  degen- 
eracy, puts  them  up  for  prevention. 
Note  that  in  all  these  cases  the  city 
governments  license  the  sale  of  alco- 
holic beverages.  They  say  to  one 
man,  "You  may  sell  the  drink,"  and 
then  they  say  to  everybody  else,  "Don't 
you  buy  the  stuif."  Much  more 
should  such  a  warning  be  put  up  in 
every  town  and  city  where  liquor  sell- 
ing has  been  prohibited  to  convince 
the  minority  and  "make  it  unani- 
mous." These  posters  are  needed  for 
scientific  temperance  education  exten- 
sion, to  reach  those  who  will  not  hear 
temperance  addresses  or  read  temper- 
ance literature,  but  would  give  atten- 
tion to  public  posters,  especially  if 
official.*  It  is  the  one  method  of  tem- 
perance work  in  which  Canada  and 
the  United  States  lag  behind  the  Old 
World. 


*'J'ltc  pnhllshcrs  of  Uri'^  hook  ?.ss»c  in  leaflet  form  the  minialuiT  poftter,  in  n  French-Enft- 
lixh  edition  and  in  an  all-J-Jnoli^h  edition,  eomhincd  vitJi-  rerent  di>i(orerie.<i  of  the  harmfiilnes.t 
of  et-'Cn  an  occasional  f//f/.ss  of  heer  and  wine,  ilht.vtroted  nith  portrait.^  of  Lincoln,  Taft,  John' 
Burtin.  Andrew  Carne<iie  and  Prrsiident  FJiot,  aecomnanied  hii  their  arqumcnU  for  no  lieen.<^e 
and  no  Honor,  under  the  headinq.  -Whii  Abstain?  lV7i.//  Prohihit?"  ('•i')  cents,  is.  M.  per  100. 
Spceifi/  n-he1her  pnliinlot  or  all-Eni/lish  edition  desired).  The  iioster  itself,  all  English,  in  mam- 
moth si~c,  30x.',0  inches,  10  ccntu  cdch,   57  jicr    luo,  i/o-.ti:ai,'   ih>-<  -Kihoiil  Postal   VniiDt. 


Drugging  the  Guards.  131 


ALCOHOLISM  AND  PHYSICAL  DEGENERACY. 

[The  strongest  sentences  in  French  and  British  Municipal  posters  have 
been  combined  by  the  International  Reform  Bureau's  Council  for  New  South 
Wales,  His  Grace  the  Archbishop  of  Sydnej',  Chairman,  in  the  poster  beiow, 
which  is  recommended  for  adoption  by  mayors,  city  councils,  boards  of  health, 
and  boards  of  education  in  all  lands.] 

From  Proceedings  French  Supervising  Council  of  Public  Aid,  1902. 
Report  by  Prof.  Debove,  Dean  of  the  Faculty  of  Medicine. 

It  is  an  error  to  say  that  alcohol  is  necessary  to  workmen  who  engage  in 
fatiguing  labor ;  that  it  gives  heart  to  work,  or  that  it  repairs  strength.  The 
artificial  excitation  which  it  produces  gives  place  very  quickly  to  nervous 
depression  and  feebleness. 

The  habit  of  drinking  entails  disafifection  from  the  family,  forgetfulness  of 
all  duties  to  society,  distaste  for  work,  misery,  theft  and  crime.  It  leads  at 
the  least  to  the  hospital,  for  alcohol  engenders  the  most  varied  maladies : 
paralysis,  lunacy,  disease  of  the  stomach  and  liver,  dropsy.  It  is  one  of  the 
most  frequent  causes  of  tuberculosis.  Finally,  it  complicates  and  aggravates 
all  acute  maladies.  Typhoid  fever,  pneumonia,  erysipelas,  which  would  be 
mild  in  the  case  of  a  sober  man,  quickly  carry  off  the  alcoholic  drinker.  The 
Iiygienic  faults  of  parents  fall  n,on  their  children.  If  the  latter  survive  the 
first  months  they  are  threatened  with  idiocy  or  epilepsy,  or,  still  worse,  they 
are  carried  off  a  little  later  by  tuberculosis,   meningitis  or  phthisis. 

For  the  health  of  the  individual,  for  the  existence  of  the  family,  for  the 
future  of  the  nation,  alcohol  is  one   of  the  most  terrible   scourges. 

[The  paragraphs  above  are  from  posters  put  up  by  French  city  govern- 
ments to  check  national  decay  that  has  led  to  deaths  exceeding  births.  What 
follows  is  from  British  Parliamentary  Report  on  Physical  Deterioration, 
prompted  by  failure  of  a  majority  of  candidates  for  enlistment  in  British 
Army  to  pass  physical  examinations.  In  consequence.  British  city  govern- 
ments post  these  extracts  as  a  warning,  not  only  in  Great  Britain  as  a  cure, 
but  also  in  athletic  Australia  as  a  preventive.  For  one  or  other  of  these 
reasons,  such  a  warning  should  be  posted  in  every  city  and  town  of  the  world, 
and  read  in  the  schools.] 

Of  61.215  people,  the  average  deaths  per  year  by  insurance  tables  will  be 
1,000.  Of  61,215  liquor  sellers,  the  death  average  is  1,642.  Of  61,215  Rechabiles 
(abstainers),  the  death  average  is  560. 

Sir  Frederick  Treves,  physician  to  King  Edward,  declares  that  alcohol  is 
an  insidious  poison,  and  should  be  subject  to  the  strict  limitation  as  opium, 
morphia  or  strychnine,  and  that  its  supposed  stimulating  effects  are  delusive. 

Respectfully    submitted    for   consideration    of   citizens   by Mayor. 


The  first  five  parCKjraphs  of  the  above  poster  on  Alcoholism  in  the  original  French  read  as 
folloivs  (two  headinijs  also  from  orvjinul  official  poster): 

L'ALCOOLISME,    SES    DANGERS. 

LIBERT^,    EOALITE,    FRATEKXITfi. 

(Extrait  du  proces-verbal  de  la  Seance  du  Conseil  de  Surveillance  de  I'Assistance  Publique  du 
IS  Decembie  1902.) 

(M.  le  Professeur  Debove,  Doyen  de  la  Faeulte  de  Medecine. 
M.  le  Docteur  Fnisans,  Medecin     de  l.Hotel-Dieu, -Rapporteurs). 
L'alcoolisuie  est  renipolsonnement  cbronique  qui  resulte  de  I'usage  habituel  de  Talcool,  alors 
niOme  que  eelui-ci  ne  produirait  pas  I'lvresse. 

t"'cst  line  erreur  d?  dire  que  I'alcool  est  ni'-cessaire  aux  ouvriers  qui  se  iivrcnt  a  des  travaux 
fatigants.  qu'il  donno  du  coeur  a  I'ouvrago  ou  qu'il  repaie  l(>s  fonvs  :  I'excitation  artiflc'ell  •  (luil 
profure  fait  liien  vite  place  a  la  depression  nerveiise  et  a  la  faiblesse;  en  realite,  ralcool  n'est 
utile  a  iiersoiiiie;    il  est  nuisible  pour  tout  le  nionde. 

L'haliitudc  do  boirc  entratne  la  desnffpction  de  la  faraille.  I'oubli  de  tons  les  devoirs  see. aux, 
le  dearout  du  travail,  la  niisore,  le  vol  et  le  crime.  Elle  nieiie.  pour  le  moins,  a  I'hopital ;  car 
ralcoolisme  engendre  los  lualadies  les  nlus  varii'os  et  les  plus  meurtiieres  ;  Ips  paralysips.  la  fob-,  les 
adections  de  I'estoniac  et  du  foie.  I'bvdropisie;  il  est  nne  des  causes  les  plus  frequentes  de  la 
tuberculcsp. —  Erfin,  11  compliquo  ct  aggrave  toiHps  les  mnladies  aigues:  une  fie-re  tvnhoide.  uno 
pueuiuouie.  un  erysipcle,  qui  seraient  benins  cliez  un  bonime  sobre,  tueut  rapidenient  le  buveur 
aicoolique  ,  , 

Les  fautes  d'hvgienc  dcs  parents  retombent  sur  leurs  enfants :  s'lls  depas.sent  les  peiiie-^s 
n^ois.  lis  !^crt  menaces  d'idiotic  ou  d'enilcnsip.  nu  bien  encore,  ils  sont  emport(Ss,  un  pen  plus  tard, 
par  la   meningifp  tubcrculei'sp  ou  par  la  phthisic.  „   ,        •• 

Tour  la  .sante  dc  I'individu,  pour  I'csistencc  dc  la  famille,  pour  1  avenir  du  Pays,  1  alcoo.ismc 
est  ua  des  plus  terribles  fleaux. 


WHAT  SOME  ROMAN   CATHOLIC   LEADERS   SAY  ABOUT  LIQUORS. 


Leo  XIlI.  in  view  of  the  wide-spread  evils 
of  intemperance,  the  "perpetual  incentive 
to  sin  and  fruitful  root  of  all  evils"  has 
cordially  recommended  "the  noble  resolve" 
of  the  Catholic  temperance  societies,  "by 
which  they  pledge  themselves  to  abstain 
totally  from  every  kind  of  intoxicating 
drink."  He  admonishes  pastors  "to  shine 
before  all  as  models  of  abstinence,'"  and 
gives  to  those  higher  up  a  broad  hint  to  do 
the  same  by  saying,  "Much  the  more 
strongly  will  be  induced  to  put  this  bridle 
upon  their  appetite  by  how  much  the 
greater  is  the  authority  of  those  w.ho  give 
•the    example." 

Roman  Catholic  Prelates  of  U.  S.,  Pas- 
toral Letter,  1884:  "There  is  one  way  of 
profaning  the  Lord's  Day,  which  is  so  pro- 
lific of  evil  results  that  we  consider  it  our 
duty  to  utter  against  it  a  special  condemna- 
tion. This  is  the  ffractice  of  selling  beer  or 
other  liquors  on  Sunday,  or  of  frequenting 
places  where  they  are  sold.  This  practice 
tends  more  than  any  other  to  turn  the  day 
of  the  Lord  into  a  day  of  dissipation,  to  use 
it  is  an  occasion  for  breeding  intemperance. 
While  we  hope  fehat  Sunday  laws  on  this 
point  will  not  be  relaxed,  but  even  more 
rigidly  enforced,  we  implore  all  Catliolics, 
for  the  love  of  God  and  of  country,  never 
to  take  part  in  such-  Sunday  traffic,  nor  to 
patronize  or  countenance  it.  And  we  not 
only  direct  the  attention  of  all  pastors  to 
the  repression  of  this  abuse,  but  we  also 
call  upon  them  to  induce  all  of  their  flocks 
that  may  be  engaged  in  the  sale  of  liquors 
to  abandon  as  soon  as  they  can  the  danger- 
ous traffic,  and  to  embrace  a  more  becoming 
way  of  -making  a  living.  And  here  it 
behooves  us  to  remind  our  workingmen,  the 
bone  and  sinew  of  the  people  and  the  spe- 
cially beloved  children  of  the  Church,  that 
if  they  \v\>h  to  observe  Sunday  as  they 
ought,  they  must  keep  away  from  drinking 
places  on  Saturday  night.  Carry  your 
wages  home  to  your  tamilies,  where  they 
rightfully  belong.  Turn  a  deaf  ear,  there- 
fare,  to  every  temptation,  and  then  Sunday 
will  be  a  bright  day  for  aH  the  family.  How 
much  better  this  than  to  make  it  a  day  of 
sin  for  yourselves,  and  of  gloom  and 
wretchedness  for  your  homes,  by  a  Satur- 
day night's  folly  or  debauch." 

".  .  .  Since  the  very  worst  scandals 
owe  their  origin  to  excess  in  drink,  we 
exhort  pastors,  and  we  implore  them  for 
the  love  of  Jesus  Chri-t,  to  devote  all  their 
energies  to  the  extirpation   of  the  vice  of 


intemperance.  To  that  end  we  deem  worthy 
of  praise  the  zeal  of  those  who,  the  better 
to  guard  against  excess,  pledge  themselves 
to  total  abstmence.  .  .  .  Let  pastors  fre- 
quently warn  their  flocks  to  shun  drink- 
houses,  and  let  them  repel  from  the  sacra- 
ments liquor  dealers  who  encourage  the 
abuses  of  drink,  especially  on  Sunday." 

The  National  Lay  Congress  of  Roman 
Catholics:  "We  must  set  our  faces  sternly 
against  the  ;ale  of  intoxicating  beverages 
on  Sunday.  -The  corrupting  influence  of 
saloons  in  politics,  the  crime  and  pauperism 
resulting  from  excessive  drinking,  require 
legislative  restriction  which  we  can  aid  in 
procuring  by  joining  our  influence  with  that 
of  the  other  enemies  of  intemperance.  Let 
us  resolve  that  drunkenness  shall  be  made 
odious  and  give  practical  encouragement 
and  support  to  Catholic  temperance  socie- 
ties. We  favor  the  passage  and  enforce- 
ment of  laws  rigidly  closing  saloons  on  Sun- 
day and  forbidding  the  sale  of^liquors  to 
minors  and  intoxicated  persons." 

Archbishop  Jo^in  Irel.vnd.  St.  Paul,  in 
address  to  Minnesota  Total  Abstinence  So- 
ciety, June  6,  1889 :  "There  is  no  hope  of 
improving  in  any  shape  or  form  the  liquor 
traffic.  There  is  nothing  now  to  be  done 
but  to  wipe  it  out  completely.  I  have  lost 
too  much  time  in  speaking  of  total  absti- 
nence in  hall  and  pulpit  to  men  who  while 
listening  were  with  me.  but  who  out  in  the 
streets  would  be  invited  by  the  saloon- 
keeper to  come  and  take  a  drink  and  forget 
their  resolutions.  We  Catholics  will  unite 
with  our  fellow-citizens  of  all  classes  and 
all  denominations  to  do  away  with  that 
terrible  shame,  sin  and  disgrace  of  the 
saloon.  So  come  and  say  to  your  friends 
'that  you  have  enlisted  for  war,  but  meaning 
business  this  time,  clean  out  the  whole  in- 
stitution of  dram-selling. 

Archbishop  James  Keane.  Dubuque 
(quoted  in  New  Republic)  :  "We  must  not 
only  persuade  men  to  quit  drinking,  but  we 
must  by  word  and  act  try  to  get  them  to 
remove  the  occasions  and  incentive  to  drink- 
ing. The  citizens  have  this  power,  let  us 
do  our  part  in  getting  them  to  use  it.  And 
if  hereby  we  must  dififer  from  some  old 
companions  and  break  loose  from  old  ties, 
what  matter?  We  ask  others  to  break 
stronger  ties  of  their  old  drinking  habits, 
and  the  social  customs.  And  if  the  old 
men  hesitate  to  make  this  advance,  surely 
the  young  men  will  not !" 


Your  Father  Calls^  Come  Home* 


Luke  15:   11-24. 


11  And  he  said,  A  certain  man  had  two 
sons  :  12  and  the  younger  of  them  said  to  his 
father,  Father,  give  me  the  portion  of  thy 
substance  that  falleth  to  me.  And  he  divided 
unto  them  his  living.  13  And  not  many 
•days  after,  the  younger  son  gathered  all 
together  and  took  his  journey  into  a  far 
country;  and  there  he  wasted  his  substance 
with  riotous  living.  14  And  when  he  had 
spent  all,  there  arose  a  mighty  famine  in 
that  country;  and  he  began  to  be  in  want. 
15  And  he  went  and  joined  himself  to  o..e 
of  the  citizens  of  that  country:  and  he  sent 
him  into  his  fields  to  feed  swine.  16  And 
he  would  fain  have  filled  his  belly  with  the 
husks  that  the  swine 'did  eat:  and  no  man 
gave  unto  him.  17  But  when  he  came  to 
himself  he  said,  How  many  hired  servants 
of  my  father's  have  bread  enough  and  to 
spare,  and  I  perish  here  with  hunger !     IS 


I  will  arise  and  go  to  my  father,  and  will 
say  unto  him.  Father,  I  have  sinned  against 
heaven  and  in  thy  sight  :  19  I  am  no  more 
worthy  to  be  called  thy  son :  make  me  as 
one  of  thy  hired  servants.  20  And  he  arose, 
and  came  to  his  father.  But  while  he  was 
yet  afar  off,  his  father  saw  him,  and  was 
moved  with  compassion,  and  ran,  and  fell 
on  his  neck  and  kissed  him.  21  And  the 
son  said  unto  him,  Father,  I  have  sinned 
against  heaven,  and  in  thy  sight :  I  am  no 
more  worthy  to  be  called  thy  son.  22  But 
the  father  said  to  his  servants,  Bring  forth 
quickly  the  best  robe,  and  put  it  on  him; 
and  put  a  ring  on  his  hand,  and  shoes  on 
his  feet:  23  and  bring  the  fatted  calf,  and 
kill  it,  and  let  us  eat,  and  make  merry :  24 
for  this  my  son  was  dead,  and  is  alive 
again ;  he  was  lost,  and  is  found.  And  they 
began  to  be  merry. 


Golden  Text:    /  will  arise  and  go  to  my  father. — Luke  15:  18. 


We  need  to  study  the  whole  sermon 
in  which  this  greatest  of  parables  is 
found  to  understand  its  full  meaning. 
The  fifteenth  and  sixteenth  chapters 
of  Luke  make  up  one  sermon  of  Jesus 
on  God's  part  and  man's  in  salvation. 
The  part  of  God  the  Father  is  pic- 
tured in  the  father  of  the  prodigal 
waiting  with  a  welcome  for  the  return 
of  the  sinner,  who,  though  a  wayward 
son,  can  never  get  beyond  the  father's 
love.  The  Son  of  God,  Jesus  Christ,' 
is  pictured  in  the  shepherd,  who  goes 
out  seeking  the  lost  sheep  "until  he 
finds  it."  The  Holy  Spirit  is  the  Hght 
in  the  hand  of  the  searching  woman 
who  pictures  the  evangelistic  church. 
The  sinner  is  pictured,  in  the  preci- 
ousness  of  his  soul,  stamped  with  the 
image  of  God,  in  the  lost  piece  of 
money,  in  his-  propensity  to  wander, 
in  the  lost  sheep ;  while  the  prodigal 
story  brings  out  the  decisive  part  of 
the  human  will,  both  m  going  from 
God  and  in  coming  back.     The  part 


of  the  adversary  in  man's  salvation, 
the  devil's  part,  is  taken  in  this  case 
by  the  proud  church  member,  the 
Pharisee,  who  will  not  rejoice  at  the 
salvation  of  any  but  the  most  respect- 
able people.  We  see  his  spirit  also 
in  Dives  in  hell,  to  which  he  has 
gone  because  he  kept  his  money  for 
selfish  uses.  The  next  lesson  will 
be  a  study  of  these  Pharisaic  church 
oeople.  To-day  we  will  consider  only 
those  partners  in  a  soul's  salvation 
that  are  pictured  in  the  story  of  the 
prodigal  son. 

Started  Wrong  by  False  Ideas  of  Law 
and  Liberty. 

The  story  is  of  a  rich  farmer  with 
two  grown  boys,  between  whom  he 
expects  to  divide  the  big  farm.  But 
the  younger  son  is  not  content  with 
a  life  of  useful  toil,  combined  with 
wholesome  moral  restraints.  He 
wants  to  have  his  own  way,  though 
he  knows  his  father's  way  is  best.   He 


134 


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demands  in  cash,  at  once,  whatever 
will  be  his  share  of  the  property  at 
his  father's  death.  That  his  father 
allows  his  foolish  request  means  that 
the  human  will  must  have  free  choice, 
even  though  its  choices  are  often  dis- 
astrous. A  stone  has  no  choice,  and 
so  can  have  no  sin  and  no  virtue. 
Only  to  creatures  with  free  wills  is 
there  responsibility,  and  only  where 
there  is  responsibility  can  there  be 
any  merit  or  demerit  in  an  act.  When 
having  our  own'  way  makes  us  so 
much  trouble,  it  is  amazing  that  we 
prefer  it  to  God's  wise  and  loving  way. 
Even  when  we  say :  "Thv  will  be 
done,"  it  is  usually  in  semitones,  not 
in  joy. 

The  turning  point  in  this  young 
man's  life  was  when  he  decided  to 
ask  for  a  life  away  from  his  father's 
watch  and  care.  When  he  willed  to 
do  that  he  took  the  first  long  step 
toward  the  "far  country,"  which  he 
thought  was  a  land  of  joy,  but  which 
proved  a  land  of  sin  and  shame  and 
sorrow. 

The  prodigal's  wrong  start  in  everv 
age  is  in  cherishing  the  foolish 
thought  that  liberty  under  law  is  ndt 
enough ;  he  must  have  unrestrained 
license.  Forgetting  that  law  is  but 
the  expression  of  his  father's  love  and 
wisdom,  this  younger  son  determines 
to  get  away  from  every  reminder  of 
the  right  way,  and  taste  every  for- 
bidden fruit.  His  is  the  liberty  of  the 
train  that  jumps  the  track,  on  which 
it  had  the  only  liberty  that  is  worth 
♦  while,  the  liberty  to  go  forward  in 
peace  and  safety.  The  prodigal's  lib- 
erty is  like  the  "liberty"  of  the  French 
Revolution,  which  brings  a  "Reign 
of  Terror."  Not  alone  in  the  life  of 
communities,  but  in  the  life  of  indi- 
viduals, we  are  often  constrained  to 
take  up  the  cry  of  Madame  Roland, 
when  in  the  name  of  "Liberty"  its 
noblest  champions  were  slain :  "O 
Libertv,   what   crimes   are   committed 


in  thy  name !"  Many  a  boy,  many  a 
girl,  in  the  name  of  liberty,  is  break- 
ing the  heart  of  a  father  or  mother 
in  whose  kingdom  of  home  they  have 
been  allowed  every  true  liberty 
blended  with  love  and  law !  There 
is  only  one  more  amazing  use  of  a 
false  liberty  than  when  one  claims 
the  liberty  to  forge  an  evil  habit  for 
himself,  and  that  is  when  he  claims 
the  liberty  to  set  up  such  a  forge  as 
a  business  and  make  captives  of  his' 
neighbors. 

A  Wasted  Life. 

The  prodigal  learned  that  waste 
brings  want  and  woe.  The  life  he 
had  seen  in  his  imagination  as  a  life 
of  real  pleasure  was  only  a  mirage  to 
the  thirst  of  his  soul  for  satisfying 
joy.  The  substance  he  wasted  was 
not  alone  the  money  he  inherited,  but 
the  richer  inheritance  of  strength  and 
character.  Among  the  German  ex- 
periments on  alcohol  that  persuaded 
President  C.  W.  Eliot,  of  Harvard 
University,  at  seventy  years  of  age. 
that  it  is  inexpedient  even  for  self- 
controlled  gentlemen  to  drink  in  the 
strictest  moderation,  was  one  on 
several  printers  by  which  it  was 
demonstrated  that  the  taking  of 
thirty-five  grams  of  alcohol  in  an 
evening,  less  than  would  be  contained 
in  three  glasses  of  mild  lager  beer, 
reduces  the  average  typesetting  the 
next  day  one-tenth.  What  needs 
most  to  be  taught  in  our  Sunday 
schools,  where  many  teachers  thin'k 
temperance  lessons  are  not  necessary 
because  there  are  no  drunkards  in 
the  homes  represented,  is  that  not 
alone  "riotous  living"  but  moderate 
and  even  occasional  drinking  wastes 
not  only  nniscle  and  nerve  and  blood, 
but    judgment     and     will    and     love. 

The  prodigal  son  exhibited  a  more 
nianly  spirit  in  going  to  work  feeding 
swine,    though    the    employment    was 


Y 


father   Calls,    Conic    IIoi 


135 


dirty  and  low,  and  the  fare  eoarse 
and  scant,  than  if  he  had  sat  down 
to  growl  and  curse  his  luck,  or  turned 
beggar  or  thief.  l'>ut  Jesus,  iu  mak- 
ing this  rich  young  Jew  help  to  raise 
pork,  the  food  his  race  considered  un- 
clean and  unfit  to  eat,  meant  to  show 
how  desperate  was  his  case.  That 
was  the  only  thing  left  between  him 
and  starvation.  And  it  is  also  an 
intimation  of  the  close  fellowship  that 
exists  between  prodigals  and  swine. 
And  this  swinish  debauchery  is  what 
the  theatres  call  "gayety."  It  is 
rather  misery  and  tragedy  even  in  this 
world.  And  when  we  see  "how  many 
bad  men  get  no  adequate  punishment 
in  this  world,  hell  appears  to  be  a 
necessity  to  the  conception  of  a  well- 
ordered  world  ruled  by  a  just  God. 
It  would  be  enough  to  make  a 
thoughtful  man  an  atheist  if  the  Bible 
did  not  reveal  a  supreme  court  wliere 
the  men  who  escape  justice  here  b}' 
bribery  or  social  influence — seducers, 
traducers,  defrauders,  oppressors-- 
will  get  their  deserts.  "Thank  God 
for  hell !"  exclaimed  a  keen  thinker 
when  the  writer  once  expressed  this 
view  in  an  address. 

Awakening:. 

"He  began  to  be  in  wani."  It  has 
been  profoundly  said  that  the  lack  of 
goods  for  the  higher  wants  is  not  so 
sad  as  the  lack  of  wants  for  the  higher 
goods.  Contentment  is  not  always 
"better  than  wealth,"  but  sometimes 
worse  than  poverty,  and  the  cause  of 
it.  Physical  hunger  sometimes  kin- 
dles a  soul  hunger  that  had  been  lost 
in  luxury.  It  was  so  with  the  prodi- 
gal. When  all  the  false  friends,  who 
had  followed  him  while  he  had 
money  to  treat  them,  had  deserted 
him,  his  thouehts  turned  to  the  true 
friend  he  had  deserted.  He  had 
learned  in  the  hard  school  of  exper- 
ience what  he  ought  to  have  learned 
sufficiently  from  reading  and  observa- 


lion  and  the  warning  of  kind  friends 
who  I;ad  themselves  learned  in  that 
school,   that 

Sorrow  tracketh  wrong 
As  echo  follows  song — 
On,  on,  on. 

An  aged  Sunday-school  teacher,  com- 
pelled by  ill  health  to  seek  a  warmer 
clime  for  the  Winter,  in  a  good-bye 
talk  to  the  young  men  whom  he  had 


I    WILL    ARISE    AND    GO    TO    MY    FATHER 

taught  devotedly  from  boyhood,  said : 
"I  have  striven  to  impress  upon  your 
minds  that  your  most  harassing 
troubles  arise  from  the  lack  of  har- 
mony between  ourselves  and  the  will 
of  our  Father,  and  that  He  stands 
waiting  and  longing  to  be  gracious." 
In  spite  of  that,  no  doubt  more  than 
one  of  that  class  choose  to  follow  his 
own  way,  only  to  learn  in  bitter 
shame  that  sin  is  ever  the  way  to  sor- 
row, though  it  promises  joy  and 
sometimes  gives  it  for  a  season. 

"While  it  is  true  that  experience  is 
a  school  in  which  man  learns  wisdom, 


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World  Book  of  Temperance. 


the  cost  of  the  course  often  exceeds 
the  value  of  the  wisdom  acquired. 
One  is  not  sure  of  receiving  applause 
and  bouquets  when  he  gets  his  di- 
ploma. He  is  more  likely  to  be 
laughed  at  by  strangers  and  wept  over 
by  true  friends.  This  does  not  tend 
to  make  the  graduating  exercises  very 
pleasant,  and  the  new  alumnus  is  not 
moved  to  sing  peans  of  praise  to  his 
alma  mater.  There  is  no  commence- 
ment dinner  at  which  post-graduates 
make  speeches,  to  tell  of  the  good  old 
times  when  they  were  students  and 
acknowledge  the  existence  of  modern 
improvements  in  the  institution.  The 
only  speech-making  by  post-gradu- 
ates is  in  private,  ancV  the  burden  of 
their  addresses  to  the  latest  addition 
to  their  number  is  a  reminder  of  how 
they  yearned  to  give  him,  by  way  of 
friendly  and  disinterested  advice, 
when  he  was  thinking  of  entering  the 
school,  all  the  wisdom  he  preferred 
to  learn  in  weariness  and  pain." 

Dr.  Joseph  Parker,  of  London, 
once  told  in  a  very  dramatic  way  the 
story  of  the  prodigal  son.  By  throw- 
ing his  own  outer  garment  half  way 
back,  he  pictured  the  prodigal  as  hav- 
ing pulled  off  his  coat  and  drank  the 
money.  Next  he  sold  his  vest  and 
drank  the  proceeds.  Later  he  sold 
his  shirt  and  drank  that  up.  "Then," 
said  the  doctor,  tapping  his  breast  as 
though  he  had  reached  the  naked 
body,  and  there  was  nothing  more  he 
couid  strip  off  and  sell — "then  he 
came  to  himself."  Coming  to  himself, 
he  saw  where  he  was,  and  into  what 
straits  he  had  fallen,  and  he  returned 
to  his  father's  house.  "He  came  to 
himself"  signifies  a  return  to  reason 
after  a  period  of  madness.  What 
else  is  sin  but  self-wrought  madness? 
A  child  defined  drunkenness  as  get- 
ting "crazy  on  purpose."  The  same 
definition  applies  to  the  intoxication 
of  anger,  as  when  a  Congressman  so 
far    dethrones    reason    as    to    draw    a 


knife  for  an  argument  in  debate,  or 
a  Senator  clinches  his  fists  to  prove 
his  case.  The  libertine  and  the 
gambler  are  also  in  a  more  perma- 
nent degree  self-made  demoniacs. 
The  dishonest  man  is  demented.  His 
passion  for  money  blinds  him  to  the 
fact  that  to  get  it  dishonestly,  and  so 
disgracefully,  takes  from  it  the  very 
honor  and  satisfaction  for  which  he 
seeks  it.  What  are  riches  without 
reputation  but  "jewels  in  a  swine's 
snout?"  The  enchantress  Circe,  of 
Homer's  Odyssey,  who  turned  men 
to  hogs,  has  under  her  spell  all  who 
grovel  in  selfishness,  whether  it  be 
that  of  the  miser  or  the  prodigal. 
Thank  God,  there  is  One  who  can 
break  the  spell  of  selfishness  and  lead 
on  and  up  the  heights  of  self-denial, 
self-respect,  self-sacrifice.  The  Holy 
Spirit  came  to  the  helpless  and  hope- 
less prodigal  and  his  soul  was 
awakened. 


THE    PRODIGAL    OF   TO-DAY. 

1.  "Breaking     Home     Ties — Mother's 

Last  Kiss." 

2.  "Seeing  the   Elephant— The   Gilded 

Halls  of  Sin." 

3.  "Dead  Broke   Hunting  for  a  Job." 

4.  "A   Noon-day's   Dream — The   Sting 

of   Memory." 

5.  "Homeward    Bound — The    Father's 

Greeting." 


The  Welcome  Home* 

A  poor  woman  lost  her  only  daugh- 
ter in  the  vicious  whirlpool  depths  of 
London  life.  The  girl  left  a  pure 
home,  to  be  drawn  into  the  gulf  of 
guilty  misery  and  abandonment. 
The  mother,  with  a  breaking  heart, 
went  to  Dt.  Barnardo.  and,  telling 
him  the  story,  asked  if  he  could  help 
to  find  the  lost  one.  The  genial 
doctor  said  :"Yes,  I  can.  Get  your 
photograph  taken,  frame  a  good  many 


Your  Father  Calls,    Come  Home. 


137 


copies,  write  under  the  picture,  'Come 
home,'  and  send  them  to  me."  The 
doctor  sent  the  photographs  to  the 
gin-palaces,  music  halls,  and  other 
places  which  wretched  outcasts  are 
in  the  habit  of  frequenting,  and  got 
them  hung  in  conspicuous  places. 
One  night  the  girl,  with  some  com- 
panions in  sin,  as  she  entered  one  of 
these  dens  of  iniquity,  saw  her 
mother's  picture.  Struck  with  aston- 
ishment, she  looked  closely  at  it,  and 
saw  the  invitation  written  beneath. 
To  whom  was  it  addressed?  To  her? 
Yes.  She  saw  by  that  token  that  she 
was  forgiven,  and  that  night  she  re- 
turned to  her  mother's  arms,  just  as 
she  was.  In  the  parable  of  the  Prod- 
igal Son,  the  Son  of  God  has  made  a 
picture  of  our  Father  in  Heaven,  to 
be  hung  up  in  every  land  and  before 
every  man  bv  our  evangelistic  and 
missionary  endeavors,  and  under  it 
everywhere  the  quickened  souls  of 
men  read  the  Father's  invitation :  "O 
prodigal  child,  come  home." 

A  Drunkard  Saved. 

Had  you  met  an  inhabitant  of  the 
British  colliery  village  of  Bealey, 
some  years  ago,  and  asked  him : 
"Does  William  Albert  Lees  live  here?" 
the  reply  would  probably  have  been, 
'T  don't  know  such  a  name."  But  had 
you  added,  'T  believe  he  is  often  called 
"Black  Bill,"  you  would  have  been 
quickly  answered,  "Oh,  yes,  we  all 
know  'Black  Bill!'  He  works  in  our 
pit.  We  call  him  'Satan ;'  he's  that 
bad,  you  see."  And  you  would  have 
certainly  agreed  with  those  words 
could  you  have  followed  Bill  home  of 
an  evening.  A  shrinking  wife  and 
frightened  children  told  their  own 
tale  of  his  domestic  life,  emphasized 
at  times  by  the  bruises  left  by  kicks 
and  blows.  It  was  also  evident  from 
the  battered  state  of  the  furniture. 
The  garden  was  totally  neglected,  ex- 
cept  for   a.  few  gaunt   cabbages   and 


sprouts  that  poor  Mrs.  Lee  sometimes 
grew.  But  very  often  her  husband 
would  uproot  them  in  a  fit  of  drunken 
rage. 

When  sober  he  was  a  capital  work- 
man, but  he  had  been  discharged 
again  and  again  on  account  of  his 
drinking  habits.  "Black  Bill's  worse 
than  ever,"  said  a  miner  to  his  mate, 
one  Spring  morning,  as  he  passed 
them  with  unsteady  step.  "I'm 
afraid  he  is  a  lioneless  case." 

Just  a  year  from  that  day,  a  big  man 
was  digging  hard  in  what  had  been 
known  as  "Black  Bill's  weed  patch." 
A  little  lad  ran  up  saying:  "Father, 
let  me  help  you  again.  I\Iay  I  sow 
the  lettuce?"  "That  you  shall," 
answered  the  man.  "And  then  we'll 
put  in  some  sweet  peas  and  mignon- 
ette seed  for  mother."  "I  heard  Mrs. 
Kent  talking  to  Aunt  Sally  yesterday," 
remarked  Dick,  "and  she  said  mother 
looked  a  dozen  years  younger  since 
Michaelmas." 

"That's  good  hearing,"  said  his 
father.  Here  the  conversation  was  in- 
terrupted by  the  arrival  of  three  more 
children,  bringing  primrose  roots  from 
the  woods.  And  eagerly  they  watched 
the  planting  of  them.  "It  looks  like  a 
real  garden,"  said  the  eldest  girl. 
"That  it  does,"  said  her  sister,  "and 
now  father's  mended  the  gate,  and 
painted  the  doors  and  windows  the 
house  looks  quite  pretty."  When  I  tell 
you,  my  reader,  that  the  man  so  hap- 
pily chatting  with  his  children  was  the 
father  from  whose  step  they  had  often 
tied  in  terror  seven  months  previously, 
you  will  guess  that  his  name  is  William 
Lees.  And  I  hope  you  wish  to  know 
the  means  of  the  great  change  in  him. 

Often  has  he  been  asked  about  it, 
and  he  alwavs  answers,  "The  Lord 
God  did  it  all.  I'm  a  wonder  to  my- 
self as  well  as  to  my  neighbors."  And 
probably  he  will  add,  "Aye,  and  He's 
bid  manv  a  one  of  His  dear  children 


138 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


help  me  along  the  heavenly  road." 
Then  in  humble,  quiet  tones,  and  hi 
broad  dialect,  he  will  tell  you  he  can't 
explain  it,  but  "the  Lord  just  laid 
rignt  hold  of  him." 

One  evening-  he  was  persuaded  by  a 
fellow  workman  to  go  to  a  mission 
service.  He  only  stayed  ten  minutes, 
and  then  went  to  the  public-house. 
But  two  mornings  afterwards  he  woke 
with  the  sudden  thought,  "What  if 
the  good  folks  are  right  after  all?  If 
what  Sam  Lane  and  Long  Tom  say  is 
true,  then  I'm  lost."  That  word  "lost" 
followed  "Black  Bill"  for  days.  As 
he  went  down  the  coal-pit,  each  thud 
of  the  engine  that  let  down  "the  cage" 
seemed  'to  say  "lost,  lost."  As  he 
picked  coal,  every  blow  on  the  shining 
black  surface  seemed  to  echo  his 
thoughts,  and  said,  "Lost ;  yes,  you're 
lost." 

He  tried  to  drown  the  idea  in  drink. 
But  often  his  hand  trembled  as  he 
raised  the  glass  to  his  lips.  One  night 
a  Christian  mate  found  him  sitting  by 
the  roadside  with  his  head  on  his 
hands.  Thinking  he  was  drunk,  he 
said  gently,  "Come  along,  Bill,  I'll  see 
vou  home."  But  kindlv  Tom  Mason 
started  when  he  saw  the  agony  in 
Bill's  face,  as  he  answered,  "No,  no; 
leave  me  alone.  I'm  lost ;  my  sins  are 
on  me,  and  I'm  lost,  lost."  "Oh,  if 
that's  it,  I've  good  news  for  thee, 
mate,"  said  Tom  earnestly.  "It's  just 
this,  'The  Son  of  Man  is  come  to  seek 
and  to  save  that  which  was  lost.'  " 
"Go  over  it  again,"  said  poor  Tom 
wistfully.  But  he  added,  "No,  I'm 
past  saving;  you  live  at  Payton  and 
don't  know  how  bad  I  am."  "You  say 
one  thing,  but  my  Saviour  says 
another,"  said  Tom  quietly.  "He  tells 
you  He  can  save  the  lost.  What's 
more  He's  saved  me.  And  He's  just 
waiting  to  do  the  like  for  thee,  lad. 
His  heart  is  full  of  love  for  us  poor 
sinner;^."  And  the  fine  fellow's  voice 
trembled  wdth  emotion  as  he  spoke  of 


his  loved  Lord.  At  length  Bill  allowed 
himself  to  be  led  to  Sam  Lane's  cot- 
tage, and  soon  four  men  were  praying 
for  him.  "No,  it's  too  good  to  be 
true,"  he  kept  saying.  "I'm  far  too 
bad,  you  don't  know  all.'' 

"But  He  does,"  whispered  the 
humpbacked  little  tailor,  whose  bright 
face  told  much  of  joy  and  peace  in 
believing.  "Black  Bill"  was  much 
struck  with  those  t'lree  words  of  the 
tailor's,  but  for  several  days  he  wan- 
dered about  in  agony  of  soul.  On  the 
third  day  he  felt  he  could  stand  it  no 
longer.  "I  really  must  have  a  drink/' 
he  muttered ;  "there's  nothing  for  it 
but  going  back  to  the  old  way,"  and 
he  started  across  the  fields  to  the  Red 
Lion. 

At  the  corner  of  the  first  field  there 
stood  a  tiny  cottage,  and  from  it  came 
a  dear  old  widow  with  a  jug  and  cup 
in  her  hand.  "I  saw  you  were  up 
early,  Mr.  Lees,"  she  said,  "and  I  was 
just  coming  to  ask  if  you  would  have 
a  cup  of  my  coffee.  My  husband  used 
to  say  he  never  tasted  better."  Bill's 
sulky  reply,  "I  don't  want  your  stuff," 
was  only  half  said.  Somehow,  he  could 
not  finish  the  words  to  that  sweet, 
pale,  face.  And  almost  snatching  the 
jug  from  her  hand,  he  drained  every 
drop.     "That's  prime,"  he  said,  "but 

why     did    you "       But    Widow 

Mason  only  said,  "Shows  you  appreci- 
ate it  by  coming  for  some  more.  I'll 
have  it  ready  at  noon."  At  noon,  and 
again  at  8  o'clock  at  night.  Bill  drank 
her  strong  coffee,  and  mechanically 
swallowed  some  bread  and  butter,  little 
knowing  that  the  widow  ate  dry  bread 
and  went  without  tea  or  cofTee  for 
several  days  in  consequence.  But  she 
scarcelv  knew  it  herself ;  her  heart 
W3.3  full  of  the  poor  fellow.  "Lord, 
save  him,"  was  her  constant  cry.  "O 
Holy  Spirit,  open  his  eyes  to  see  his 
Saviour!"  And  often  she  would  add 
"Lord.  T  do  thank  Thee  for  letting  me 
give  him  the  coffee."  Hour,  after  hour, 


Voiir   Father   Calls,    Come   Home. 


139 


first  one,  then  another,  Christian  colhcr 
wonld  pace  al)()ut  with  ])iu)r  Will. 
Sometimes  he  said  angrily,  "(iet 
along,  go  away !"  At  others  he  im- 
plored, "Don't  leave  me,  or  I  shall  go 
to  the  Red  Lion."  And  three  times  a 
day  at  least  he  appeared  at  Widow 
Mason's  door,  and  she  always  met  him 
with  a  smiling,  "Sit  down,  and  you'll 
be  surprised  how  soon  the  coffee's 
ready."  (Ine  morning  he  arrived  very 
early,  saying  eagerly,  "I  want  you  to 
know  one  of  the  very  first,  Mrs. 
Mason,  that  He  who  came  to  save  the 
lost  has  sought  and  found  poor, 
wicked  'Black  Bill.'"  "0_  Will,  I 
knew  He  would !"  exclaimed  the 
widow.  "Your  face  looks  quite  dif- 
ferent already."  There  was  joy  on 
earth  as  well  as  in  Heaven  over  the 
repentance  of  "Black  Bill."  Nobly 
did  God's  children  stick  to  the  poor 
fellow  in  his  stand  against  evil.  To 
some  of  them  it  seemed  as  if  the  devil 
contested  every  inch  of  the  road.  Old 
mates  tried  to  get  him  back  to  the 
public-house  by  every  device  in  their 
power.  Oaths  came  from  his  lips  be- 
fore he  knew  it ;  and  sometimes  the 
smell  of  beer  made  him  crave  it  again. 
One  evening  he  tapped  at  Mrs. 
Mason's  door.  The  old  widow  was 
seated  at  her  little  round  table  study- 
ing her  big  Bible  by  the  light  of  one 
small  candle.  On  her  face  was  the 
true  peace  of  God,  and  Bill  felt 
hushed  as  she  said,  "Why,  Will,  I've 
just  been  talking  to  the  Lord  about 
thee !" 

"You  might  have  known  it  was 
going  hard  with  me,"  answered  the 
big  man  with  a  sigh.  And  he  told 
her  of  his  temptations  and  diffi- 
culties. "That  blessed  Saviour  of 
thine  and  mine,"  said  Mrs.  Mason, 
"gives  me  a  grand  word  for  thee  to- 
night, Will."  And  quickly  the  old 
'fingers  turned  the  pages  till  she  said, 
"See  here."  And  Bill  read  aloud,  "In 
that  He  Himself  hath  suffered  being 


tcm])ted.  He  is  able  to  succor  them 
that  are  tempted."  "Learn  it  off,  Will," 
said  his  old  friend,  "each  syllable  of 
it,  and  every  time  Satan  gets  busy  with 
thee  just  say,  'It  is  written,'  and  quote 
that  to  him.  I  know  what  the  result 
will  be." 

All  this  happened  years  ago.  The 
grass  has  long  been  green  on  Widow 
Mason's  grave,  which  is  carefully 
tended  by  William  Lees  and  his  chil- 
dren. And  by  their  love  and  care  her 
declining  years  were  greatly  bright- 
ened. "You  spoil  me,"  she  would  often 
say;  "I  live  like  a  queen."  "Father 
says  nothing  is  too  good  for  you,"  his 
son  or  daughter  would  reply.  "You've 
done  so  much  for  him.  He  says  your 
coffee  and  Mr.  Lane's  tramping 
around  with  him  for  two  whole  nights 
were  the  first  things  that  showed  him 
God  loved  him." 

"He  believes  God's  love  now,"  said 
the  old  saint  joyfully,  ''and  so  do  you." 

William  Lees  became  a  trusted 
superintendent  at  a  colliery  from 
which  he  had  been  dismissed  in  the 
old  days.  Very  often  he  would  say : 
"No  one  is  too  bad  for  the  Lord  to 
save.  He  goeth  after  that  which  is 
lost,  until  He  find  it." 

Prodigals  Helped  in  Many  Lands, 

This  chapter  has  proved  itself  the 
star  of  hope  to  prodigals  in  many 
lands.  Here  is  the  story  of  a  Swed- 
ish prodigal :  A  man,  known  for  his 
drunken  habits  and  generally  bad 
character,  went  to  the  house  of  a  col- 
porteur of  the  British  and  Foreign 
Bible  Society  at  Stockholm,  and 
asked  for  money. 

Without  heeding  the  man's  request, 
the  Bible  agent  said:  "Can  you  read?" 

"Yes." 

"Then  oblige  me  by  reading  a  few 
lines  from  this  book." 

"What  is  it?" 

"God's  Word—the  New  Testa- 
ment." 


140 


IVorld  Book  of 


"No,  thank  you,  I  would  rather 
not." 

"Now,  do,  please." 

"Well,  just  to  oblige  you,  I  will." 

No  sooner  had  he  taken  the  Testa- 
ment than  his  hand  shook,  and  as  he 
read  aloud  his  voice  trembled  till  it 
stopped  abruptly. 

"Go  on,  my  friend,"  said  the  other 
persuasively. 

"Oh,  sir!"  exclaimed  the  man,  "it 
makes  me  all  of  a  tremble.  It  is  thirty 
years  since  I  held  a  Bible,  which  was 
left  to  me  by  my  father.  I  pledged 
it  for  drink,  and  have  never  redeemed 
it." 

"And  have  you  never  read  a  Bible 
since  ?" 

"No,  sir.  I  have  tried  to  forget 
my  father's  Bible,  but  the  memory  of 
that  act  is  constantly  before  me." 

"Well,  now,  how  would  you  like  to 
keep  this  New  Testament  and  read 
it  ?" 

"Thank  you  kindly.  I  promise  to 
read  it." 

"Let  me  mark  this  chapter  (Luke 
XV.),  which  I  should  like  you  to  start 
with." 

"Thank  you.     Good  morning,   sir." 

"Good  morning,  friend,  and  God 
bless  you." 

Some  little  while  afterwards,  as  he 
was  going  to  preach,  the  colporteur, 
met  the  man  with  his  child,  sitting  by 
the  wayside,  reading  the  New  Testa- 
ment. 

"Good  evening,  friend,  you  appear 
to  be  well  employed,"  cheerily  ex- 
claimed the  Christian  man. 

"Oh,  sir!     Is   it  you?" 

"You've  guessed  right." 

"How  can  I  thank  you  for  the 
precious  Book,  sir?"  This  is  the 
sixth  time  I  have  read  this  chapter. 
If  there  is  such  a  Father  still  to  be 
found,  the  prodigal  son  sits  here  by 
the  wayside." 

"Yes,  the  Father  waits.  Rise  and 
go  tp  Him  as  the  prodigal  did,  and 


Temperance. 

you  will  receive  a  glad  welcome." 
"I  will!  I  will!"  exclaimed  the 
man  earnestly.  "This  Book  shall 
guide  myself  and  my  child  to  that 
table  which,  even  for  beggars,  is  pre- 
pared in  Heaven.  Pray  for  me.  God 
bless  you !" 

"Amen,"  responded  the  other,  as 
the  two  men  shook  hands.  And  the 
angels  of  God  sang  for  joy  because 
another  sinner  had  repented. 

The  Guilt  of  Sin   Canceled,  bttt  Not 
the  Consequences* 

While  forgiveness  cancels  the  guilt 
of  sin  and  saves  the  soul,  it  does  not 
cancel  the  consequences  of  sin  and 
save  the  body,  or  recall  the  evil  influ- 
ences one  has  sent  forth  in  his  days 
of  sin,  which  are  like  children  born 
to  him  and  have  a  ceaseless  life  of 
their  own.  Jacob  was  forgiven  the 
wrong  he  did  Esau,  not  only  by  God 
but  by  his  brother  also,  but  through 
heredity  the  consequences  persisted 
in  his  sons,  who  unconsciously  re- 
peated in  Joseph's  coat,  stained  with 
a  goat's  blood,  the  deception  Jacob 
had  accomplished  by  the  hair  of  a 
kid.  David  was  forgiven  the  "great 
transgression,"  in  which  adultery  and 
murder  were  combined,  but  in  his 
sons  both  ofifences  were  repeated. 
His  rebellion  against  God  promoted 
the  disaffection  that  led  his  people  to 
rebellion.  So  in  modern  life  repent- 
ance and  reform  cannot  restore 
wasted  nerve  or  undo  the  effects  of  a 
bad    example. 

One  of  the  most  noted  of  modern 
prodigals,  who  helped  many  another 
to  return,  said  when  about  to  die  at 
the  noon  of  life,  "Jerry  McCauley,  the 
Christian,  must  die  before  his  time  be- 
cause of  the  sins  of  lerry  McCauley, 
the  son  of  Belial."  Repentance  does 
not  bring  back  either  the  physical 
strength  or  the  monev  that  is  wasted 
in  riotous  living.  The  atonement  is 
not  a  plan  by  which  one»loses  nothing 


Your    father   Calls,    Couic   Home. 


141 


by  giving  half  his  life  to  vice.  The 
prodigal,  tl^ongh  forgiven,  did  not 
escape  all  the  consequences  of  his 
sins.  He  had  only  a  welcome,  a  ring, 
a  pair  of  shoes  and  a  suit  of  clothes, 
with  which  to  start  life  anew,  while 
his  brother,  who  had  avoided  the 
riotous  living,  had  the  whole  farm 
and  good  health  and  an  untarnished 
reputation.  God  welcomes  return- 
ing prodigals,  but  let  no  young  man 
or  woman  think  that  forgiveness  can- 
cels all  the  harm  of  sin.  "Shall  we 
continue  in  sin  that  grace  may 
abound?     God  forbid." 

Saving  a  Soul  a  Great  Event. 

"There  is  joy  in  the  presence  of 
the  angels  of  God  over  one  sinner 
that  repenteth."  That  is  the  pro- 
foundest  word  of  the  whole  story. 
President  Mark  Hopkins  said  in  his 
last  hours:  'Tf  there  is  joy  in  Heaven 
oyer  one  sinner  that  repenteth,  then 
in  Heaven  they  know  what  is  taking- 
place  here.  Also,  they  know  not  only 
the  external,  but  the  mternal  life  of 
the  world,  because  repentance  is  an 
inward  thing.  So  I  could  go  on  to 
show  that  one  system  pervades 
Heaven  and  earth."  If  there  is  joy 
over  a  sinner  restored,  they  know  it 
is  an  awful  thing  to  be  lost,  that  it  is 
a  great  thing  to  be  saved.  A  few 
years  ago.  when  ten  men  supposed 
to  be  killed  in  a  Welch  colliery,  were 
brought  up  alive  after  ten  days'  hard 
rescue  work,  there  was  rejoicing  all 
over  the  British  Isles,  and  the  news 
was  cabled  to  gladden  faraway  lands. 
So  Heaven  rejoices  when  a  soul  is 
saved. 

'Twas  on]\'  a  missing  sheep. 

One,  out  of  the  great,  wide  fold; 
"Twas  a  wayward  sheep  and  wild. 

And  had  wandered  times  untold. 
But  what  if  it  died  alone? 

Or  what  if  the  hills  were  dark? 
'Twas  only  a  sheep  that  was  lost. 

As  an  arrow  may  miss  the  mark. 


lUit  the  Shepherd  answered,  "I  cannot  rest 
While   My  sheep  is  away   from   Me; 

I'll  call  till  it  comes,  and  I'll  bring  it  home, 
i'"i)r  i   hmight  it  on  Calvary!" 

'Twas  only  a  silver  coin. 

And  the  silver  was  mixed  with  dross; 
And  it  seemed  as  a  worthless  thing, 

And  to  lose  it  hut  little  loss. 
There  were  nine  bright  pieces  left, 

And  they  shone  like  the  morning  sun; 
And  why  was  there  need  to  search, 
When  the  toils  of  the  day  were  done? 
But  the   Seeker   said,   "Though  the  coin   be 
rough, 
And  though  ragged  its  edges  be, 
Still  it  bears  My  image — I  cannot  rest. 
Till  My  lost  piece  of  silver  I  see!" 

'Twas  only  a  Prodigal   Son, 

A  wanderer  far  away ; 
A  sinner  made  poor  by  his  sin, 

Getting  poorer  every  day. 
But  what  if  he  had  no  friend? 
And  what  if  he  had  to  roam? 
Would  such  a  wild  prodigal  son 

Be  missed  in  his  Father's  home? 
'"Though  all  men  condemn  thee,"  the  Father 
said, 
"Yet  not  I,  for  I  came  to  save ; 
And  I  came  to  lift  thee  out  of  thy  sins, 
And  to  rescue  thee  from  Che  grave!" 

i 

And  the  message  in  Heaven  was  told, 

'Mid  the  music  of  angel-choirs, 
That  a  son  was  born  anew. 
By  the  Pentecostal  fires : 
That  the  fatted  calf  was  killed, 

And  the  fairest  robe  was  given, 
For  the  lost  was  found  again, 

As  a  child  of  the  Kingdom  of  Heaven ! 
"Rejoice!    rejoice!    for  the  dead  are  alive! 

And  the  lost  have  a  welcome  given : 
They   have    washed    their    robes,    and   have 
made  them  white. 
And  of  such  is  the  Kingdom  of  Heaven.'' 
Edzvard  Husband. 

THE   prodigal's   UPS  AND   DOWNS. 


Ingratitudel 
Selfishnessl        «^ 
Wickednesll       *' 

WalTl 
VVoel 

fConfesses 
4?   JTeeks. 
[Surls. 
1  Resolves. 
(Thinks. 

(Honors. 
jjiy          [Receives.. 

<jV        fPi't'es. 

fSees. 

1  Watches. 

Displeased  1         ^ 
Angry  I         <?* 
Unkind!        ^ 
Faultfinding  1 
Jealous! 

142 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


At  a  festival  recently  given  to  their  teach- 
ers by  the  pupils  of  the  Chinese  Sunday- 
schools  in  New  York  City,  the  following 
story  of  the  Prodigal  Son  by  a  Chinese  was 
read :  "A  man,  he  two  sons.  Son  speak  he 
to  father  ;  father  got  money ;  give  some  he  ; 
father  he  say,  'I  just  now  give  you  half.' 
He  give  him  half;  he  go  long  way — like 
me  come  China  to  New  York.  No  be  care- 
ful of  money,  use  too  much ;  money  all 
gone;  he  very  hungry.  He  went  to  man. 
He  want  work  he  say;  all  right;  he  tell 
him  to  feed  pigs.  He  give  pigs  beans;  he 
eat  with  pigs  himself.  He  just  now  talk, 
'My  father,  he  rich  man — too  much  money. 
What  for  me  stay  here  hungry?  I  want 
to  go  back  and  see  my  father.  I  say  to  him, 
I  very  bad.  He  knows  I  bad.  No  be  son, 
me  be  coolie.'  He  go  back ;  long  way,  father 
see  him.  He  take  him  on  the  neck.  The 
son  say,  'I  very  bad.  I  just  now  no  be 
your  son ;  I  coolie.'  His  father  talkey  to 
boy.  and  say,  'Get  handsome  coat ;    give  he 


ring,  give  he  shoes ;  bring  fat  cow,  kill  him, 
give  him  to  eat'  They  very  glad.  He  all 
same  dead;  just  now  come  back  alive; 
he  lost ;    he  get  back. 

"Number  one  son  come.  He  hear  music, 
he  tell  servant,  'What  for  they  make  music?' 
Me  say,  'Your  brother  come  back;  your 
father  very  glad  he  no  sick  ;  he  kill  fat  cow.' 
Number  one  son  very  angry;  he  no  go 
inside;  very  angry.  Father  he  come  out; 
he  say:  'No,  no  be  angry.'  Number  one 
son  he  say,  'I  stay  all  time  by  father;  never 
make  him  angry.  My  father  never  kill  one 
fat  cow  for  me.  My  brother,  he  very  bad ; 
he  use  money  too  much  ;  he  have  fat  cow 
and  music'  Father  say,  'You  no  under- 
stand; he  just  dead;  he  now  come  to  life; 
he  lost,  he  now  come  back.'  They  make 
music."  In  describing  the  meeting  of  the 
father  and  the  eldest  son.  he  came  up  to  the 
preacher,  and,  putting  his  hand  on  his  shoul- 
der, said  in  a  soothing  tone,  "No,  no  get 
angry." 


A    CHINAMAN  S    CONCEPTION    OF    THE    PRODIGAL    STORY. 


EVOLUTION  OF  JUDGE  ARTMAN'S  DECISION  THAT  LICENSES  TO 
SELL  INTOXICATING  BEVERAGES  ARE  UNCONSTITUTIONAL. 


BY     CHARLES    E.    NEWLIN. 


John  Locke  :  "The  end  of  government 
is  the   welfare  of  mankind." 

Lord  Mansfield,  Court  of  King's  Bench: 
"It  is  the  duty  of  the  judge,  in  each  par- 
ticular case,  to  make  a  practical  applica- 
tion of  the  rule  of  right  and  wrong,  and 
that  rule  is  the  common  law  of  England.' 

Supreme  Court  of  Missouri:  "The  su- 
preme principle  of  the  common  law  is  the 
public  good." 


Governments  are  instituted  among  men 
to  preserve  the  natural  rights  that  were 
in  citizenship.  Constitutions  and  laws  can, 
therefore,  grant  no  rights  not  already  pos- 
sessed by  virtue  of  citizenship,  but  are 
enacted  to  make  such  rights  secure.  The 
Declaration  of  Independence  in  its  first 
paragraph,  recognized  this  fact.  The  at- 
tempts to  grant  rights  not  inherent  in  citi- 
zenship, are,  therefore  unconstitutional. 
Any  custom,  occupation  or  business  is 
therefore  unconstitutional  that  destroys 
the  inherent  right  to  "life,  liberty  and  the 
pursuit  of  happiness,''  or  the  objects  of  the 
government,  as  set  out  in  the  preamble  to 
the  Constitution,  namely,  to  "establish  jus- 
tice, insure  domestic  tranquility,  promote 
the  general  welfare,  and  maintain  public 
order." 

As  to  Slavery. 

Recognizing  this  principle  of  common 
law,  Lord  Mansfield,  from  the  King's 
Bench  of  England,  on  June  22,  1772,  de- 
clared slavery  illegal,  and  freed  every 
slave  under  the  British  flag  the  world 
around. 

As  to  Lotteries. 

In  1883,  the  Supreme  Court  of  Indiana 
said:  "A  lottery  is  immoral  and  against  tha 
best  interest  of  the  public,  and  therefore 
can  no  longer  be  legalized ;  for  no  legisla- 
ture can  bargain  away  the  public  health  or 
the  public  morals.  The  people  themselves 
cannot;  much  less  their  servants,  the  legis- 
lature." The  character  of  the  lottery  de- 
termined the  fact,  in  the  mind  of  the 
court,  that  no  citizen  had  an  inherent  right 
to  carry  it  on,  and  that  therefore  the  legis- 
lature could  not  grant  nor  "preserve"  such 
right. 

As  to  Prize  Fi§:hts. 

In  1895  the  Columbia  Athletic  Club  tried 
to    conduct   a   prize   fight.     But   the   cowrt 


Judge  Platt,  of  New  York  City,  IS.!.']: 
"Whenever  public  opinion  and  the  moral 
sense  of  our  community  shall  be  so  far 
corrected  anil  matured  as  to  regard  them 
in  their  true  light,  and  when  public  safety 
shall  be  thought  to  require  it,  dram-shops 
will  be  indictable  at  common  law  as  nuis- 
ances." (Lee's  Text-book  of  Temperance, 
p.  201.) 


held  that  such  an  exhibition  would  so 
plainly  be  against  the  "moral  and  intellec- 
tual improvement  of  the  people  that  it 
could  not  be  allowed,"  and  declared,  "if 
the  legislature  should  attempt  to  legalize 
prize  _  fighting,  such  statute  would  be  un- 
constitutional.'' 

Other  Infamies. 

On  the  same  ground  statutes  prohibiting 
the  house  of  ill-fame,  gambling  and  the 
opium  den  are  held  constitutional,  and  any 
attempt  to  legalize  them  would  be.  held  to 
be  unconstitutional. 

As  to  Liquor  Selling;. 

The  United  States  Supreme  Court  has 
declared :  "There  is  no  inherent  right  of 
a  citizen  to  sell  intoxicating  liquor  by  re- 
tail. It  is  not  a  privilege  of  a  citizen  of 
theState,  or  a  citizen  of  the  United  States." 
This  decision  has  been  confirmed  many 
times  by  the  highest  courts.  If  this  were 
not  true,  all  prohibition  laws  would  be 
unconstitutional,  for  "citizens  can  not  be 
deprived  of  inherent  rights,"  says  the 
courts.  The  United  States  Supreme  Court 
says :  "It  is  undoubtedly  true  that  it  is  the 
right  of  every  citizen  of  the  United  States 
to  pursue  any  lawful  trade  or  business." 
Such  trade  or  business  can  only  be  regu- 
lated or  restricted,  not  prohibited. 
Slaughter  houses  may  be  regulated  and 
restricted  to  certain  districts.  But  a  law 
prohibiting  all  slaughter  houses  within  a 
State  would  be  declared  to  interfere  with 
the  citizen's  right  "to  pursue  a  lawful 
business."  _  The  character  of  the  retail 
liquor  business  must  therefore  justify  this 
decision  of  the  courts  that  no  citizen  has 
an  inherent  right  to  sell  intoxicating  liquor 
and  from  its  character  we  must  determine 
the  rightof  the  State  to  attempt  to  protect 
citizens  in  such  rights  by  enacting  laws 
recognizing  such  business  as  legal  under 
certain  restrictions. 


144 

On  the  character  of  the  business  the 
courts  are  fully  agreed,  as  rnay  be  seen 
from  a  few  representative  decisions. 

"Intoxicating  Hquor  is  conceded  to  be 
fraught  with  such  contagious  peril  to  so- 
ciety, that  it  occupies  a  different  status  be- 
fore the  courts  and  the  legislatures  from 
other  kinds  of  property,  and  places  traffic 
in  it  upon  a  different  plane  from  other 
kinds  of  business."  "There  is  no  statisti- 
cal or  economical  proposition  better  estab- 
lished, nor  one  to  which  more  general  as- 
sent is  given  by  reading  and  intelligent 
minds  than  this;  that  the  use  of  intoxicating 
liquors  as  a  drink  is  the  cause  of  more 
want,  pauperism,  suffering,  crime  and  pub- 
lic expense,  than  any  other  cause.''  "We 
presume  no  one  would  have  the  hardihood 
to  contend  that  the  retail  sale  of  intoxicat- 
ing drink  does  not  tend,  in  a_  large  degree, 
to  demoralize  the  community,  to  foster 
vice,  produce  crime  and  beggary,  want  and 
misery."  "By  general  concurrence  of 
opinion  of  every  civilized  and  Christian 
community,  there  are  few  sources  of 
crime  and  misery  equal  to  the  dram  shop. 
It  is  the  prolific  source  of  disease,  misery, 
pauperism,  vice  and  crime."  "The  theory 
of  the  legislation  upon  this  subject  is  that 
the  business  is  harmful  to  society."  _  Un- 
numbered similar  decisions  of  the  highest 
courts  might  be  quoted. 

If  slavery  and  lotteries  and  prize  fight- 
ing and  gambling,  and  the  house  of  ill- 
fame  are  of  such  an  immoral  character, 
and  so  fraught  with  danger  to  the  public, 
that  they  can  not  be  constitutionally  legal- 
ized, how  can  the  courts  hold  that  laws  are 
constitutional  which  attempt  to  legalize  a 
business  which  those  same  courts  declare 
to  be  worse  than  any  one  of  them,  and 
even   worse    than   all   of   them   combined? 

Story  of  the  Famous  Artman  Decision. 

Firmly  believing  liquor  license  laws  un- 
constitutional on  the  grounds  indicated, 
the  writer  of  this  argument  employed  an 
attorney  in  September,  1906,  to  put  the 
argument  into  a  brief,  which  the  writer 
took  to  Pittsburg,  Philadelphia  and  New 
York,  and  submitted  to  eminent  attorneys. 
Returning  home  with  increased  confidence, 
a  few  business  men  of  Indianapolis  were 
consulted  and  agreed  to  finance  the  case. 
On  January  7th,  1907,  a  remonstrance  was 
filed  against  the  granting  of  a  license  to 
conduct  a  saloon  in  the   10th  ward  of  In- 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


dianapolis.  The  remonstrance  was  over- 
ruled and  the  license  was  granted.  Aj)- 
peal  was  at  once  taken  to  the  Circuit 
Court.  The  applicant  for  license  asked  for 
a  change  of  venue  and  the  case  was  taken 
to  the  Circuit  Court  of  Boone  County,  In- 
diana, presided  over  by  Judge  Samuel  R. 
Artman.  The  case  was  ably  argued  on 
January  25th  by  Doan  and  Arbison,  attor- 
neys lor  the  prosecution.  Judge  Artman 
took  the  case  under  advisement  until  Feb- 
ruary 13th,  when  he  handed  down  his  now 
famous  decision,  declaring  saloon  licenses 
unconstitutional  under  both  the  State  and 
Federal  constitutions.  Judge  Artman  thus 
summarizes  his  decision  in  his  book,  "The 
Legalized  Outlaw:" 

'"When  the  courts  say  that  the  saloon 
results  in  much  evil ;  that  it  is  detri- 
mental to  society;  that  it  is  danger- 
ous to  public  and  private  morals;  that 
it  is  dangerous  to  public  safety  and 
good  order;  that  it  propagates  crime  and 
dispenses  misery  and  suffering,  they  decide 
a  question  of  fact  in  harmony  with  the 
universal  knowledge  of  the  people,  and  the 
people  are  pleased  with  this  just  finding  of 
fact.  And  when  the  courts  say  that  no 
person  has  a  right  to  carry  on,  upon  his 
own  premises  or  elsewhere,  for  his  own 
gain  or  amusement,  any  public  business, 
clearly  calculated  to  injure  and  destroy 
public  morals,  or  to  disturb  the  public 
peace,  they  announce  a  principle  of  law 
that  springs  from  the  very  purpose  of 
government,  and  a  principle,  which,  even 
the  unlettered  laity  must  recognize  as 
sound.  But,  when  a  court,  in  the  same 
opinion  in  which  it  places  this  just  esti- 
mate upon  the  saloon  and  announces  this 
universally  recognized  principle  of  law, 
also  declares  the  saloon  to  be  inherently 
lawful  and  to  stand  upon  the  same  legal 
basis  as  the  innocent  and  useful  pursuits 
of  the  drygoods-man,  the  grocery-man  and 
the  hardware-man,  the  people  must  surely 
realize  that  the  principle  has  not  been  cor- 
rectly applied  to  the  fact  announced,  the 
conclusion  must  be  that  the  saloon  is  in- 
herently unlawful." 

The  applicant  for  the  license  declined  to 
appeal  the  case,  frankly  stating  that  the 
liquor  men  did  not  wish  to  risk  the  de- 
cision of  a  higher  court  upon  that  ques- 
tion. But  other  suits  are  pending,  with 
a  view  to  reaching  the  United  States  Su- 
preme Court  on  new  lines.* 


•Groat  imneti.s  was  piven  to  the  contention  that  liquor  licenses  are  unconstitutional  by  the 
publication  in  May.  100,8,  of  "The  Legalized  Outlaw,"  by  Judge  S.  R.  Artrann.  In  one  chapter 
the  entire  text  of  his  famous  decision  is  given.  The  other  twenty-three  chapters  contain  a  most 
complete  analysis  of  the  theories  of  hicrh  and  low  license,  local  option  and  state  prohibition. 
Practicallv  all  the  impni-tant  co\irt  decisions  on  the  linuor  question  are  woven  into  a  discussion 
of  the  main  nuestlon  In  a  wav  to  n^nke  It  nt  once  interostinff  to  the  layman  and  ;nva!ual>lp  to  the 
lawyer  and  temperance  worker.  Cloth  $1.  International  Reform  Bureau,  206  Pennsylvania 
Ave.,  S.  E.,  Washington,  D.  C. 


How  Love  Keeps  and  Liquor  Breaks  the 
Commandments* 


Romans    13:  8-14. 


8  Owe  no  man  anything,  save  to  love 
one  another:  for  he  that  loveth  his  neigh- 
bor hath  fulfilled  the  law.  9  For  this, 
Thou  shalt  not  commit  adultery,  Thou  shalt 
not  steal,  Thou  shalt  not  covet,  and  if  there 
be  any  other  commandment,  it  is  summed 
up  in  this  word,  namely.  Thou  shalt  love 
thy  neighbor  as  thyself.  10  Love  vvorketh 
no  ill  to  his  neighbor:  love  therefore  is  the 
fulfilment  of  the  law.  il  And  this,  know- 
ing the  season  that  now  it  is  high  time  for 


you  to  awake  out  of  sleep:  for  now  is  sal- 
vation nearer  to  us  than  when  we  first  be- 
lieved. 12  The  night  is  far  spent,  and  the 
day  is  at  hand:  let  us  therefore  cast  off 
the  works  of  darkness,  and  let  us  put  on  the 
armour  of  light.  13.  Let  us  walk  honestly, 
as  in  the  day ;  not  in  revelling  and  drunk- 
enness, not  in  chambermg  and  wantonness, 
not  in  strife  and  jealousy.  14  But  put  ye 
on  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  and  make  not 
provision  for  the  flesh,  to  fulfil  the  lusts 
thereof. 


Golden  Text:   Put  yc  on  the  Lord  Jesus     Christ. — Rom.  13:  14. 


One  of  the  eight  commandments  of 
Buddha  forbids  the  use  of  intoxicants. 
This  and  like  commandments  of  Hin- 
duism and  Mohammedanism  have 
protected  half  of  the  human  race 
against  the  drink  curse,  and  furnished 
to  heathen  religions  their  one  con- 
spicuous virtue.  These  religions  en- 
force prohibition  better  than  it  is  en- 
forced   in   some   prohibitory   parts   of 


Christian  nations,  and  they  observe 
their  total  abstinence  rule  better  than 
the  ethical  rules  of  our  own  churches 
are  observed  by  some  Christians. 
Drink  has  somewhat  invaded  these 
total  abstinence  religions,  chiefly 
among  those  classes  that  have  been 
influenced  by  the  white  man's  evil 
example.  The  seven  hundred  mil- 
lions who  abstain  in  loyalty  to  their 
commandments  afford  seven  hundred 
million  arguments  against  the  popu- 
lar fallacy  that  there  is  in  all  human 
beings  a  natural  craving  for  intoxi- 
cants.     [See  a  62   Riiddha    Mohammed.] 


Many  a  Christian  temperance  man, 
no  doubt,  has  secretly  wished  that  tp- 
tal  abstinence  and  prohibition  had 
been  one  of  our  Ten  Commandments. 
But  is  not  drink  forbidden  by  the 
Decalogue,  fairly  interpreted?  If  so, 
why  was  it  not  more  specifically  for- 
bidden? Here  are  questions  that 
should  make  lively  discussion  in  any 
wide-awake    Sunday-School   class. 

A  prominent  preacher  in  one  of  the 
evangelical  denominations  that  allows 
whiskey  distillers  to  be  church  mem- 
bers, and  even  elects  them  to  trustee- 
ships, on  being  reminded  that  his 
church  courts  were  more  ready  to  re- 
solve in  behalf  of  the  Sabbath  than  of 
temperance,  replied,  "Oh,  yes ;  Sab- 
bath observance  is  in  the  Command- 
ments." It  reminded  us  of  the  rural 
justice  of  the  peace  who  dismissed  a 
man  accused  of  stealing  gooseberries, 
because  he  could  not  find  anything 
about  gooseberries  in  his  l^w  book. 

This  temperance  lesson  finds  the 
law  against  drink  where  the  Christian 
world  has  found  the  law  against 
slavery,  in  the  second  table  of  the 
Decalo^Cfue,  whose  essence  is  love  to 
man.  Temperance  is  a  part  of  this 
law  of  right  human  relations,  not  a 
solitary  virtue,  but  one.  apartment  in 


>I46 


JJ'orlu  Book  of  Temperance. 


GMftlSTIANffY 


-'■"  GOD  Man 

HeA\/EM  HUMAr, 

SOCICLOCj 


■^ 


-  Man  rifT^ 


N^^^-^. 


the  happy  palace  of  brotherly  virtues 
that  is  built  on  the  second  table  of  the 
law. 

Public  Officials  ''Ordained/' 

"The  poivcrs  iJiot  be  arc  ordained 
of  God."  (v.  I.)  This  verse  is  not 
assigned  as  a  part  of  the  lesson,  but 
is  fundamental  to  it — a  good  citizen- 
ship prelude.  It  ought  not  to  seem  a 
strange  saying  in  a  country  whose 
Supreme  Court  has  said,  "This  is  a 
Christian  nation ;"  but  when  Rev.  Dr. 
W.  J.  Robinson  stood  in  the  Penn- 
sylvania House  of  Representatives, 
and,  with  the  solemnity  of  a  bishop 
addressing  a  class  of  young  preachers, 
reminded  the  listening  Governor  and 
legislators  that  they  were  civil  "min- 
isters," "ordained  of  God,"  "called" 
to  serve  Him  and  humanity  by  apply- 
ing the  law  of  Christ  to  civil  affairs, 
it  was  manifestly  to  many  of  them 
and  even  to  some  of  the  preachers 
who  were  present,  a  novel  view  of 


5taimd/'RDs\ 

J  Employes  it\xv 

.   j^i^jpof  GHrnsT":^' 
^  "f V'  ^  C'  u  0  M  0 h"  God    ; 

HlLANrHROFV 

SAvb. 
VC 


politics.  However,  when  the  oppo- 
site doctrine,  that  "politics  owes  no 
allegiance  to  the  Decalogue  and  the 
Golden  Rule,"  was  proclaimed  by  a 
United  States  Senator,  he  was  speed- 
ily retired  from  politics,  as  if  to 
prove  that  the  law  of  Christ  had  not 
been  so  retired.  A  denial  in  deeds 
often  escapes  similar  rebuke,  but  it  is 
something  to  have  the  people  hold 
fast  even  in  their  ideals  to  the  truth 
that  the  sovereign  and  citizen  are  both 
responsible  to  God  for  every  political 
act.  "The  greatest  thought  that  ever 
entered  my  mind,"  said  the  greatest 
of  American  statesmen,  Daniel  Web- 
ster, in  one  of  his  great  moments,  "is 
the  thought  of  my  individual  respon- 
sibility to  God."  In  the  words  of 
Gladstone,  "The  purpose  of  law  is  to 
make  it  as  hard  as  possible  to  do 
wrong,  and  as  easy  as  possible  to  do 
right."  That  is  a  good  paraphrase  of 
Paul's  words  that  "rulers  should  be  a 
terror  to  evil-doers." 


How  Ln7r  Keeps  and  Liquor  Breaks  the  Coiinnaiuhnciits. 


H7 


"07VC  uo  mail  aiiytliiiii^,  sa:'e  to  loir 
one  ano'fl.ier." — (  )ik'  is  tciit])tc  1  i  >  lin- 
ger on  the  (lrinl<  li;il)il  as  tlic  prolific 
mother  of  had  dehts.  The  grocer  must 
charge  all  sober  men  an  extra  price 
to  cover  the  uncollectable  debts  of 
men  who  spend  money  they  owe  for 
the  comforts  of  life  in  buying  the 
curses  the  saloon  has  to  sell.  Charit- 
able people  must  pay  the  rent  bill,  be- 
cause the  drunken  father  put  the 
money  he  owed  his  landlord  into  the 
rumsellers'  till.  On  the  other  hand, 
after  five  months  of  no  license  in 
Worcester,  Mass.,  a  city  of  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  thousand  inhabitants, 
the  largest  city  that  ever  voted  itself 
"dry,"  a  bill  collector  told  an  official 
in  1908  he  would  have  to  move  to 
some  license  city  to  make  a  living  be- 
cause the  number  of  bills  given  him 
to  collect  were  so  rapidly  diminishing 
under  prohibition.  The  city  tax  col- 
lector also  reported  that  in  spite  of 
the  hard  times  he  had  collected  more 
of  the  tax  bills  that  year  than  in  any 
of  the  preceding  license  years. 

But  this  opening  verse  of  the  lesson 
has  a  greater  thought.  One  debt  we 
all  owe,  even  to  unworthy  neighbors, 
the  debt  of  brotherly  love,  which  we 
must  pay  in  daily  installments,  and 
can  never  fully  settle  up.  The  best 
way  to  pay  this  love  is  not  always  in 
charity  poured  out  upon  those  whose 
poverty  is  due  to  vice.  In  charity, 
as  elsewhere,  prevention  is  better 
than  cure,  and  preventive  charity  is 
reform,  which  cuts  the  vicious  roots 
of  poverty.  That  man  loves  the 
drunkard  wisely  who  removes  the 
temptations  he  is  too  weak  to  with- 
stand. And  he  loves  best  of  all  who 
saves  him  when  a  boy,  before  he  be- 
gins to  drink,  by  total  abstinence  and 
prohibition. 

Drink  is  offered  in  the  name  of 
friendship,  but  no  man  truly  loves  his 
neighbor  who  helps  to  put  on  him  the 
drink  habit  and  its  consequences. 


"lie  that  loveth  his  neii^iihor  hath 
fulfilled  the  la:c." — 'llcre  we  find 
the  love  basis  of  all  law,  including 
temperance  laws.  Children  of  all 
ages  think  of  law  as  wilful  restraint 
of  liberty.  But  all  true  laws,  divine 
and  human,  are  love's  warnings  "for 
our  good  always."  Law  is  the  red 
lantern  to  keep  us  out  of  danger,  and 
show  us  the  only  safe  way.  Law  is  the 
lighthouse  to  keep  us  off  the  perilous 
r 


KEEP  OFF   THE  ROCKS 


rocks.  And  this  is  pre-eminently 
true  of  all  temperance  laws. 

The  broad  pedestal  of  total  absti- 
nence and  prohibition  is  shown  all 
through  this  lesson  to  be  the  second 
table  of  the  law,  w^hich  Moses  and 
Jesus  both  condensed  into  the  one 
great  command,  "Thou  shalt  love  thy 
neighbor  as  thyself."  One  church 
wisely  gathers  its  members  for  moral 
studies  under  the  name  of  "The 
Right  Relationship  League."  The 
saloon  breaks  up  every  right  relation, 
honesty,  industry,  kindliness,  alike  in 
the  home  and  on  the  street,  in  business 
and  politics  and  pleasure. 

"Thou  shall  not  connnit  adultery. 
Thou  shalt  not  kill.  Thou  shalt  not 
steal.  Thou  shalt  not  hear  false  zvit- 
ness.  Thou  shait  not  covet." — There 
is  a  legend  that  the  devil,  having  a 
man   in   his   power,,  offered    him   his 


14^ 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


choice,  whether  he  would  be  a  drunk- 
ard or  break  all  of  the  command- 
ments. He  chose  to  be  a  drunkard, 
but  the  result  was  that  he  soon  broke 
all  of  the  commandments  also.  Drink 
makes  men  atheists  and  anarchists. 
And  whoever  heard  of  a  •  drunkard 
who  was  not  profane  and  a  Sabbath 
breaker?  Or  of  one  who  did  not  dis- 
honor his  parents?  Few  murders  are 
done  by  sober  men.  It  is  in  saloons 
that  thieves  make  their  plots,  and  it 
is  there  they  develop  the  poverty  that 
often  prompts  to  robbery.  Adultery 
is  the  saloon's  daily  bread.  Covetous- 
ness  is  its  unseen  motor.  Speaking 
of  alcohol  as  a  murderer  recalls  a 
chart  in  the  great  tuberculosis  ex- 
hibit in  Washington  in  1908,  pictur- 
ing the  five  chief  causes  of  the  "great 

NUMBER  OF  CRMmAL  DRUNKS  IN  NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

0FLICEN3E 
I900. 


2000 


38BYEAR 

OFUCENSe 

I90S. 


2  »  YEAR 
or  LICeNSL 


1200 


IS  YEAR 

or  uctN3c 

I903. 


LAST  Yt  AR  OF 

N0UCeM3e 

1^02 


white  plague"  that  kills  200,000  a  year 
in  the  United  States.  The  first  pic- 
ture was  an  open  bottle  with  a  drunken 
man    beside    it,    showing    the    chief 


cause  of  this  plague.  Then  followed 
the  closed  window,  overwork,  crowded 
sleeping  rooms,  smoke  and  dust,  and 
breathing  through  the  mouth.  If  al- 
cohol be  the  chief  cause  of  these 
200,000  deaths  from  one  disease, 
surely  the  estimate  that  drink  de- 
stroys 100,000  a  year  is  not  too  large. 

Official     Reports     on     Alcohol     and 
Crime* 

In  that  same  city  of  Worcester  at 
the  time  named,  the  police  reports 
showed  only  one-third  as  many  ar- 
rests for  drunkenness  (and  that  with 
more  alert  police),  than  in  previous 
license  years,  and  only  sixty  per  cent. 
as  many  inmates  in  the  county  jail. 

There  are  countless  declarations  of 
judges,  sherififs  and  prison  officers  as  to 
the  proportion  of  crime  due  to  intoxicating 
beverages.  These  estimates  run  from 
three-fourths  to  nine-tenths,  and  are  all 
confirmed  by  the  official  statistics  gathered 
in  1880  from  nine  criminal  courts  of  Suf- 
folk County,  Mass.,  and  again  by  the  Mas- 
sachusetts Bureau  of  Labor  in  1895,  from 
the  whole  State.  The  result  varied  only 
one  per  cent,  and  may  be  considered  the 
most  reliable  statistics  ever  gathered  on  the 
subject,  and  fairly  representative  of  Amer- 
ican communities  where  the  sale  of  intoxi- 
cants is  licensed.  We  use  the  first  and 
lowest  figures. 

There  were  16,897  court  sentences,  of 
which  12,221  were  for  drunkenness  and  68 
for  illegal  liquor  selling,  together  making 
72,  per  cent,  of  the  whole.  Further  inves- 
tigation showed  that  2,097  of  the  other 
offenders  in  the  27  per  cent,  were  under 
the  influence  of  intoxicants  when  the 
crime  was  committed,  carrying  the  propor- 
tion of  crimes  traceable  directly  or  indi- 
rectly to  drink  above  85  per  cent.  The 
other  investigation,  including  the  whole 
State,  showed  that  84.41  per  cent,  of  the 
26.672  crimes  were  due  to  intemperance 
habits,  and  82  per  cent,  were  committed 
while  the  criminal  was  under  the  influence 
of   intoxicants. 


LOVE  WORKETH  NO  ILL 
TO  HIS  NEIGHBOR. 


Let  the  man  who  thinks  the  com- 
mandments  do   not   forbid   either  the 


How  Lo%'c  Keeps  and  Liquor  Breaks  the  Conunandincnts. 


drink  traffic  or  the  drink  habit,  imag- 
ine the  foregoing-  summary  put  up  as 
the  sign  over  a  saloon  door.  In 
the  jeers  such  a  sight  would  arouse 
he  will  find  how  generally  the  people 
recognize  that  the  saloon  breaks  not 
one  commandment,  but  all. 

Imagine  that  motto  hung  as  a  motto 
over  a  private  sideboard.  Let  it  be 
written  at  the  top  of  the  petition  for 
license  which  professing  Christians 
are  about  to  sign.  Put  it  over  the 
ballot  box  where  thoughtless  good 
men  are  about  to  license  saloons  by 
their  votes. 

"It  is  high  time  to  awake  out  of 
sleep." — For  the  most  part,  men  only 
awake  when  the  saloon  has  kidnapped 
some  member  of  the  household.  They 
are  not  aroused  when  the  father  or 
son  or  daughter  of  a  neighbor  goes 
over  the  rapids  of  drink.  It  is  pro- 
verbial that  many,  if  not  most,  of  the 
temperance  workers  have  been  awak- 
ened by  the  invasion  of  their  own 
homes  by  the  drink  evil.  What  folly 
is  this  to  leave  the  door  unlocked  un- 
til, not  "the  horse,"  but  the  hope  of 
the  household  has  been  stolen !  When 
some  unknown  man  or  woman  is  re- 
ported murdered,  hundreds  of  letters 
from  broken  hearts  pour  in  on  the 
police,  saying:  "Send  description. 
Perhaps  it  is  our  long  lost  one." 

"Let  us  cast  off  the  zvorks  of  dark- 
ness, and  let  us  put  on  the  armour  of 
light." — One  bitter  winter  night  the 
Rev.  Mark  Guy  Pearse  had  taken  a 
cab  from  a  London  suburb,  and  on 
reaching  home  bade  the  driver  come 
in  and  get  something  warm  and  com- 
fortable but  non-intoxicating.  He  no- 
ticed that  "cabby"  had  no  overcoat, 
and  inquired  how  it  was  that  he  was 
so  insufficiently  clad.  The  man  ex- 
plained his  poverty,  and  Mr.  Pearse 
said :  "Well,  now,  I've  got  a  coat  up- 
stairs that  would  suit  you.  But  be- 
fore I  give  it  to  you,  I'm  bound  to 
tell  you  that  there  is  something  very 


149 

peculiar  about  that  coat,  and  it  is 
right  I  should  explain  it  to  you,  be- 
fore you  put  it  on."  "What's  that, 
sir?"  said  the  man,  considerably  mys- 
tified, and  not  knowing  whether  he 
might  not  find  it  wise  to  decline 
the  mysterious  garment.  Said  Mr. 
Pearse,  solemnly,  "That  coat  never 
had  a  glass  of  beer  or  spirits  inside 
of  it  from  the  day  it  was  made  until 
now.  I  want  you  to  promise  me  that 
as  long  as  you  wear  that  coat  you  will 
let  'the  drink'  alone."  "All  right, 
sir,"  said  cabby,  holding  out  his 
hand,  "all  right,  sir;  I  won't  upset 
the  coat  by  putting  any  drink  inside 
of  it."  Many  months  afterwards,  Mr. 
Pearse  met  the  same  man  again,  and 
learned  that  he  had  kept  his  bargain. 

"No,  ma'am,"  said  the  Pullman  por- 
ter to  the  lady  behind  us,  "the  saloon 
does  not  trouble  me  any.  Since  my 
conversion,  three  or  four  years  ago, 
I  have  never  touched  a  drop  of  liquor 
of  any  kind,  and  my  wife  gets  my 
wages." 

He  had  cast  off  the  works  of  dark- 
ness and  had  put  on  the  armor  of 
light.  The  figure  suggests  that 
though  revelry  assumes  to  be  joy  and 
counts  goodness  as  tame,  wickedness 
is  really  "darkness,"  not  alone  in  that 
it  is  wickedness,  but  also  in  that  it  is 
really  unhappiness ;  while  goodness 
is  "light"  in  the  sense  of  joy,  as  well 
as  of  right.  As  we  write,  the  news 
comes  that  a  skilled  workman,  to 
whom  Mr.  Schwab,  of  the  Steel 
Trust,  a  year  ago  promised  $100  if 
he  would  abstain  for  a  year,  having 
kept  his  pledge,  has  received  $200  in- 
stead. This  is  but  a  suggestion  of 
what  abstinence  does  indirectly  for  all 
who  practise  it,  increasing  tiieir 
gains  and  so  their  means  of  happi- 
ness. Here  it  is  appropriate  to  quote 
Andrew  Carnegie's  words  to  young 
men  in  his  new  book,  "The  Empire  of 
Business."  He  sav?  to  them :  "You 
are  more  Hkelv  to  fail  in  vour  career 


i=;o 


JJ'orlJ  Book  of  Temperance. 


from  acquiring  the  habit  of  drinking 
hquor  than  from  any  or  all  the  other 
temptations  hkely  to  assail  you." 

"Put  yc  on  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ."  In  the 
vSpring  of  the  year  r!72,  a  young  man,  in  the 
thirty-first  year  of  his  age,  in  evident  (Hs- 
tress  of  mind,  entered  his  garden  near 
Milan.  The  sins  of  his  youth — a  youth 
spent  in  sensuality  and  impiety — weighed 
heavily  on  his  soul.  Lying  under  a  fig-tree, 
moaning  and  pouring  out  abundant  tears,  he 
heard  from  a  neighboring  house  a  young 
voice  saying,  and  repeating  in  rapid  succes- 
sion, "Take  and  read !  Take  and  read !" 
Receiving  this  as  a  divine  admonition,  he 
procured  the  roll  of  Paul's  epistles.  De- 
scribing the  scene,  he  says:  'T  opened,  it, 
and  read  in  silence  the  chapter  on  wh'ch 
my  eyes  first  lighted  (it  was  the  thirteenth 
of  Romans).  'Let  us  walk  honesth-,  as  in 
the  day;  not  in  revelling  and  drunkenness 
not  in  chambering  and  wantonness,  not  in 
strife  and  jealousy.  But  put  ye  on  the  Lord 
Jesus  Christ,  and  make  not  provision  for 
the  flesh,  to  fulfil  the  lusts  thereof.'  "  He 
obeyed  at  once  the  divine  command.  Llis 
mother's  prayers  were  answered.  He  came 
to  be  known  as  the  great  Augustine. 

Two  Americans  sat  in  a  gambling  den  in 
Hong-Kong,  China,  several  years  ago.  The 
younger  man,   while   waiting   for  the   other 


to  shuffle  the  cards,  carelessly  sang  a  verse 
of  Phelje  Carey's  hymn,  ''One  Sweetly  Sol- 
emn Thought."  His  companion  gazed  at 
him  with  surprise,  and  exclaimed :  "Where 
did  you  learn  that?"  The  young  man 
replied,  "In  a  Sunday-school  in  America." 
Then  old  memories  rushed  like  a  flood  tide 
to  the  old  man,  wdio,  with  tear-dimmed 
eyes,  repeated  the  whole  poem.    Dashing  the 


cards  on  the  floor,  he  said,  "Come,  Harry ; 
here's  what  I've  won  from  you ;  go  and 
use  it  for  a  good  purpose.  As  for  me,  as 
God  sees  me,  I  have  played  my  last  game, 
and  drunk  my  last  bottle.  I  have  misled 
you,  Harry,  and  am  sorry.  Give  me  your 
hand,  my  boy,  and  say,  for  old  America's 
sake,  if  for  no  other,  you  will  quit  this 
business."  The  two  men  returned  to  Amer- 
ica, and  led  new  lives. 


See  Class  Pledge  at  end  of  book. 


COMPARATIVE    ARRESTS    FOR    DRUNKENNESS 


The  Same  Massachusetts  Cities  Under  License  and  J^o-License 

1898,  License 


BROCKTON ^,8„^  No-License 

WALTHAM;r,S:Nlt!^nse 
I  1900,  No-License 
(  1901,  License 
1  190  J,  No-License 
"I  J  902,  License 
j  1901,  License 
1  J  502,  No-License 
i  1902,  License 
I  J 903,  No-License 
I  1903,  License 
1  1904,  No-License 


TAUNTON 

CHELSEA 

NEWBURY- 
PORT 


LOWELL 
SALEM 

WOBURN 

FITCH- 
BURG 


1  J903,  License 
)  1904,  No-License 
1  1905,  License 
\  1906,  N»License 


1627 
455 
634 
179 

482 

1202 

398 

1246 

673 

ISO 

4077 

2304 

1432 

503 

842 

204 

1160 

35> 


WUb  License  the  Arrests  for  drunkenness  In  the  some  cities  an  from  2  to  nearly  5  times  as  zttiX  »  With  No-Licensu 
[This  and  chart  on  p.  100  from  Aati-Saloon  League  Year  Book,  1908.] 


NO    LICENSE    IN    THE    LIGHT    OF  THE    NEW    TESTAMENT. 


Olficiul  Declaration  of  the   New   Zealand   Presbyterian  A^>!^embIy'»   Temperance   Committee,   1905. 


The  committee  deliberately,  and  Ijy  deci- 
sion of  assembly,  confines  its  remarks  to 
the  no-license  question. 

Every  intelligent  reader  of  the  New  Tes- 
tament knows  well  that  there  was  no  licens- 
ing system — no  huge  monopoly  in  the 
sale  of  liquor — in  apostolic  times.  Daz- 
zling drinking-bars  did  not  occupy  the  cor- 
ners of  the  principal  streets  in  Jerusalem 
when  the  first  Christians  walked  those 
streets.  The  State  did  not  then  grant  a 
privilege  (for  a  fixed  sum)  to  a  few  citi- 
zens securing  them  the  sole  right  to  trade 
in  intoxicating  drink.  Hence  it  is  impos- 
sible to  find  in  the  New  Testament  any 
direct  approval  or  disapproval  of  a  system 
'that  did  not  then  exist. 

The  New  Testament,  however,  is  not  a 
mere  musty  volume  of  sanctions  and  limita- 
tions. It  is  a  living  book ;  the  Lamp  of 
God  among  men ;  "a  discerner  of  the 
thoughts  and  intents"  (/.  e.,  of  the  nature 
and  purposes)  of  men  and  institutions  past, 
present '  and  to  come.  Nowhere  does  it 
expressly  enjoin  the  elevation  and  enthrone- 
ment of  women  in  her  own  sphere ;  yet  it 
has  raised  and  enthroned  her.  ...  It 
is  the  spirit  of  the  New  Testament  that 
quickens  men  to  reform  bad,  and  create- 
pure,  conditions  of  life.  The  ethical  prin- 
ciples of  the  old  book  are  deep,  and  thor- 
ough, and  all-inclusive.  It  is  right  and  rea- 
sonable, therefore,  to  mark  the  application 
of  these  principles  to  the  no-license  ques- 
tion, and  to  consider  whether  the  third  peti- 
tion of  the  Lord's  Prayer  is  being  fulfilled 
or  thwarted  by  our  licensed  drinking-bars. 

The  New  Testament,  for  one  thing,  plainly 
forbids,  and  so  regards  as  un-Christian,  the 
elaborate  and  constant  provision  for  a  dan- 
gerous carnal  appetite.  "Make  not  provision 
for  the  flesh  to  fulfil  [satisfy]  the  lusts 
thereof,"  is  a  command  that  is  found  in  the 
heart  of  the  New  Testament,  and  is  inspired 
by  the  Spirit  of  God.  .  .  .  To  provide 
places  for  drinking  in  order  to  gratify  the 
alcoholic  appetites,  regardless  of  its  evil 
effects,  is  surely  and  clearly  hostile  to  that 
wisdom  which  "is  first  pure.''     .     .     . 

We  know  that  these  places  are  fully 
stocked  with  all  manner  of  intoxicating 
liquor,  and  that  they  literally  constitute  a 
legalized  provision  for,  and  temptation  to, 
drunkenness  in  every  town.  They  constantly 
foster  drinking  for  drinking's  sake.  They 
everywhere    flourish    through    the    drink'nj 


appetite.  What  then?  These  bars  may 
now  be  closed  by  the  vote  of  Christian  elec- 
tors, .^.nd  so  all  those  who  vote  against 
them  act  in  accord  with  t'he  principle,  viz., 
of  "making  not  provision  for  the  flesh  to 
fulfil  the  lusts  thereof." 

To  the  devout  and  intelligent  reader,  the 
New  Testament  also  makes  it  clear  that  it 
is  a  sin  for  the  strong  Christian  man  to  use 
his  strength  inconsiderately  to  the  moral 
injury  of  the  weak.  The  words  will  bear 
powerful  examination.  They  are  these : 
"When  indeed  ye  thus  sin  against  the  breth- 
ren, and  wound  their  weak  consciences,  ye 
sin  against  Christ"  (2  Cor.  8:  12).  There 
is  nothing  hypothetical  in  the  sentence ; 
nothing  about  oipediency  or  inexpediency. 
The  apostle  here  goes  below  the  surface 
aspect  of  the  action,  and  lays  bare  its  inner 
ethical  significance.  At  bottom,  says  Paul, 
this  callous  carrying  of  Christian  strength 
to  the  moral  pain  and  hurt  of  weakness  is 
sin  against  a  brother,  and  sin  against  that 
brother's  Saviour.  But  what  was  the  offense 
in  the  apostle's  day?  It  was  merely  tli 
flaunting  of  a  conscientious  scruple  in  a 
young  convert,  as  to  the  eating  of  meat  that 
had  been  offered  to  idols.  A  trifle !  we 
would  say.  Yet  Paul,  not  as  a  weak  brother 
pleading  for  the  weak,  but  as  a  very  giant 
in  the  service  of  God,  made  plain  the  moral 
dangers  of  the  strong,  and  called  for 
strength  ennobled  by  Christlike  sympathy 
and  manful  self-restraint. 

The  application  of  this  principle  to 
no-license  is  self-evident.  The  drinking-bars 
of  this  colony  not  only  cause  many  sad 
hearts  and  guilt-stained  consciences;  they 
effect  the  ruin  of  many  weak  men  and 
women  in  body  and  soul. 

Well,  the  scriptural  principle  under  review 
says  to  the  strong  man  (who  can  take  or 
leave  his  glass,  whose  vote  shuts  or  opens 
the  bar),  "Deny  yourself  in  the  interest 
of  the  weak;  remove  the  open  snare  in 
which  they  have  been  caught  and  maimed ; 
do  everything  in  your  power  to  stop  the 
manufacture  of  moral  wrecks."  If,  how- 
ever, the  strong  man  rejects  the  counsel, 
and  wills  to  have  the  open  bar,  whoever  may 
be  destroyed,  what  then?  God's  Word 
declares,  "When  ye  thus  sin  against  the 
weak  brethren  ye  sin  against  Christ." 

Once  more:  The  ideal  of  Christian  life 
found  in  the  New  Testament  is  not  merely 
self-denial  for  the  sake  of  others,  but  self- 
giving  for  the  saving  of  others. 


TEMPERANCE  WORK  URGED  BY  THE  CHURCHES 


The  1'  e  d  e  r  a  1 
Council  of  the 
Churches  of  Christ 
in  America,  reprc- 
s  e  n  t  i  n  g  about 
eighteen  millions 
of  evangelical 
church  members, 
in  its  meeting  in 
Philadelphia,  1909, 
adopted  the  fol- 
lowing recommendations: 

1.  The  education  of  the  young  by  the 
intelligent  use  of  the  temperance  lessons  in 
the  Sunday-schools,  and  the  introduction 
into  secular  schools,  of  primary  and  sec- 
ondary grades,  of  such  text-books  as  shall 
make  plain  the  effect  of  alcoholic  indulgence 
upon  body  and  mind,  and  show  clearly  the 
effect  of  the  traffic  upon  economic  and  social 
conditions,  and  the  relation  of  the  traffic 
to  pauperism,  ignorance  and  crime.  We  rec- 
ommend tlie  dissemination  of  literature 
in  all  languages  presenting  the  results  of 
scientific  investigations. 

2.  The  recognition  and  approval  in  com- 
merce, as  in  the  affairs  of  State,  of  those 
who  honor  conscience  by  their  refusal  to 
have  part  in  the  offense  of  the  liquor  power. 
And  likewise  the  practical  disapproval  of 
those  who,  for  selfish  ends,  lend  their  power 
of  thought  or  wealth  or  public  office  to  the 
defense  or  support  of  this  iniquitous  traffic, 
either  at  home  or  in  foreign  lands. 

3.  The  encouragement  of  every  organiza- 
tion or  enterprise  which  in  any  measure 
strengthens  sentiment  against  the  use  and 
sale  of  alcohol  as  a  beverage. 

4.  The  re-cmployment  of  the  old  methods 
of  Gospel  Temperance  with  the  public  and 
private  declaration  that  men  and  women 
should  be,  and  by  the  grace  of  God  may  be, 
delivered  from  the  thrall  of  strong  drink. 

5.  A  campaign  of  temperance  pledge  sign- 
ing by  young  and  old. 

6.  The  appeal  to  citizenship,  that  prohi- 
bition laws  already  upon  the  statute  books 
of  the  several  States  shall  be  enforced. 

7.  That  the  National  Congress  be  urged 
so  to  frame  its  interstate  enactments  as  to 
avoid  the  nullification  of  temperance  legis- 
lation in  the  several  States. 

8.  That  the  action  of  Congress  for  the 
abolition  of  the  beer-selling  canteen  in  our 
military  establishment  and  in  our  National 
Soldiers'  Homes  be  approved. 

9.  We  recommend  such  action  liy  the  State 
legislatures  and  by  the  National  Congress 
as  shall  protect  the  Indians  against  the 
evils  of  strong  drink. 


Joseph  Cook,  LL.D.,  in  address  on  "Neal 
Dow's  Watchwords":  "Most  Protestant 
churches  exclude  rum-sellers  from  church 
membership.  To  do  this,  and  yet  to  allow 
church  members  to  vote  unrebuked  to  legal- 
ize rum-selling,  is  flat  self-contradiction  and 
moral  disfhonor.  Whether  a  sin  in  itself, 
or  only  in  its  consequences,  or  in  bot'h  re- 
spects, it  is  certain  that  rum-selling  as  a 
business  is  so  mischievous  that  after  many 
decades  of  discussion,  the  general  Protes- 
tant rule  is  to  exclude  the  rum-seller  from 
church  membership.  This  large  and  indis- 
putable  temperance    fact    has   many   sides : 

1.  Any  business  which  justly  excludes  the 
man  who  practises  it  fro^m  church  member- 
ship cannot  be  consistently  licensed,  or  in 
any  way  legalized,  by  Christian  votes.  One 
and  the  same  church  cannot,  without  self- 
contradiction,  exclude  rum-sellers  from 
dhurch  membership  and  also  favor  legal 
sanction  of  rum-selling.  It  cannot,  in  rea- 
son or  honor,  with  one  hand  make  rum- 
sellers  and  with  the  other  excommunicate 
them. 

2.  Any  business  which  justly  excludes  the 
man  who  practises  it  from  church  member- 
sihip  cannot  be  legalized  without  sin.*  This 
is  the  official  declaration  of  the  Methodist 
Church  in  the  United  States,  and  is  the 
level    to    which    all    churches    that    exclude 

'  rum-sellers  from  church  membership  ought, 
in  simple  Christian  consistency,  to  rise. 

3.  Any  business  which  justly  excludes  the 
man  who  practises  it  from  church  member- 
ship ought  not  to  be  legalized  by  the  State, 
nor  should  the  State  have  any  partnership 
in  such  business.  It  is  from  the  point  of 
view  of  this  fact  that  the  Norwegian  sys- 
tem, which  provides  for  the  continuance  of 
the  traffic  under  State  management,  is  seen 
to  be  vicious  in  principle.  This  scheme 
legalizes  what  the  Protestant  churches  now 
almost  unanimously  denounce  as  immorality. 

4.  Any  business  which  justly  excludes  the 
man  who  practises  it  from  church  member- 
ship cannot  be  legalized  by  a  free  State 
depending  on  the  votes  of  a  free  church 
which  excludes  rum-sellers  from  member- 
ship unless  by  the  disloyalty  of   Christians. 

.5.  As  no  rum-seller  ought  to  be  a  church 
member,  no  political  party  that  proposes  to 
legalize  rum-selling  can  be  consistently  sup- 
ported by  Christian  votes. 


*Methortist  rJenernl  rnnferpiice  of  tlio  T'liitprt 
St.-ltps,  1S8S:  "The  liquor  traffir  ran  never  be 
legalize*!    witliout    sin.      L.ioen.se,    high    or    low, 

is    vicious    in    principle    and    powerless    as    a 

remedy." 


Christianity  an  Abstinence  Religion* 

Rom.    14 :    12-23. 


12  So  then  each  one  of  us  shall  give  an 
account  of  himself  to  God.  13  Let  us  not 
therefore  judge  one  another  any  more: 
but  judge  ye  this  rather,  that  no 
man  _^  put  a  stumblingblock  in  his 
brother's  way  or  an  occasion  of  fall- 
ing. 14  I  know,  and  am  persuaded 
in  the  Lord  Jesus,  that  nothing  is  un- 
clean of  itself:  save  that  to  him  who 
accounteth  anything  to  be  unclean,  to  him 
it  is  unclean.  15  For  if  because  of  meat 
thy  brother  is  grieved,  thou  walkest  no 
longer  in  love.  Destroy  not  with  thy  meat 
him  for  whom  Christ  died.  16  Let  not  then 
your  good  be  evil  spoken  of:  17  for  the  king- 
dom of  God  is  not  eating  and  drinking,  but 
righteousness    and    peace    and    joy    in    the 


Holy  Spirit.  18  For  he  that  herein  servetli 
Christ  is  well-pleasing  to  God,  and 
approved  of  men.  19  So  then  let  us  follow 
after  things  which  make  for  peace,  and 
things  whereby  we  edify  one  another.  20 
Overthrow  not  for  meat's  sake  the  work 
of  God.  All  things  indeed  are  clean  ;  hovv- 
beit  it  is  evil  for  that  man  who  eatcth  with 
offence.  21  It  is  good  not  to  eat  flesh, 
nor  to  drink  wine,  nor  to  do  anything 
whereby  thy  brother  stumblefh.  22  The 
fa'thful  which  thou  hast,  have  thou  to  thy- 
self before  God.  Happy  is  he  that  judg- 
eth  not  himself  in  that  which  he  approveth. 
23  But  he  that  doubteth  is  condemned  if 
he  eat,  because  he  eateth  not  of  faith  ;  and 
whatsoever  is  not  of  faith  is  sin. 


Golden   Text:     Happy  is  he  that  jiidgcth  not    himself    in    that    zchich    he    approveth. 

— Rom.  14 :  22. ' 


[In  order  to  understand  this  passage  we  must  recaU  that  Hebrew-  Christians  then  claimed 
that  the  rules  of  Judaism  against  eating  meat  or  drinking  wine  that  had  been  offered  to  idols 
was  bindiiig  not  only  on  themselves  but  also  on  Gentile  converts,  who  in  turn  argued  that  as  an 
jdol  is  nothing  there  was  no  good  reason  why  they  should  not  eat  such  viands  at  a  friend's 
house  or  buy  them  in  the  market.  Paul's  oft-repeated  argument  uncovers  the  foundations  cf 
Christian  courtesy  as  he  shows  that  it  is  our  privilege  and  duty  to  give  up  an  unnecessary  indul- 
gence that  would  offend  others  and  injure  their  Christian  life'  even  though  we  believe  that  the 
indulgence  given  up  would  not  in  itself  be  harmful  to  us.  This  principle  translated  into  its  mod- 
ern application  means  that  even  though  a  man  thinks  he  might  use  intoxicating  beverages  with- 
out harm  to  himself,  even  though  he  thinks,  in  face  of  recent  discoveries,  it  is  not  wrong  per  se 
to  take  an  occasional  glass  of  wine,  he  is  nevertheless  in  duty  bound  to  abstain  if  he  thinks  his 
example  might  lead  to  harm  in  the  case  of  others.  President  C.  W.  Eliot,  of  Harvard  TTniversity, 
has  been  persuaded,  at  seventy  years  of  age.  that  it  is  "inexpedient."  in  the  light  of  modern 
experiments  on  alcohol,  for  even  a  self-controlled  gentlemait  to  drink  in  strict  nioderatidu  of  lieer 
or  wine,  since  even  a  moderate  indulgence  may  lead  to  injudicious  words  or  acts.  No  twentietii 
'century  man  .has  a  right  to  read  Paul's  first  century  argument  as  if  God  had  not  given  us  a 
newest  testament  of  modern  science,  more  fully  revealing  the  divine  laws  of  the  universe.] 

gion  would  be  stronger  and  sins 
fewer?  If  that  is  the  case,  otirs  ii 
"a  total  abstinence  religion."  N^o  one- 
can  love  God  supreme!},  and  at  the 
same  time  help  by  selling  or  buying 
intoxicating  beverages  to  keep  men 
from  God,  or  draw  men  from  God. 

Abstain  for  the  sake  of  vour  neigli- 
bor.  That  means,  first  of  all,  for  tlic 
sake  of  }'Our  own  wife  and  children. 
There  is  a  story  told  of  a  farmer's 
wife  who  went  to  meet  her  husband 
in  the  dusk  at  an  appointed  fence  cor- 
ner, and  seeing  what  she  took  to  be 
her  husband  on  the  other  side  of  the 


"That  no  man  put  a  stumbling- 
block  in  his  brother's  zvay."  We 
should  abstain  for  our  neighbor's 
sake  and  for  our  own,  but  first  and 
most  of  all  for  God's  sake,  for 
the  two  great  commandments,  which 
are  really  three,  constitute  the  su- 
preme charter  of  temperance  work. 
Will  any  one  dare  to  say  he  can 
drink  intoxicating  poison  as  a  bever- 
age to  the  glory  of  God?  But  we 
are  each  under  orders  to  "do  all  to 
the  glory  of  God."  Does  any  one 
question  whether  if  all  use  of  intoxi- 
cating  beverages   was   abolished   reli- 


154 


World  Book  of  Tcuipcrancc. 


fence,  handed  her  baby  to  a  bear, 
which  swiftly  bore  it  away  to  the 
mountains  never  to  be  seen  again. 
That  man  hands  his  child  over  to  a 
more  cruel  beast,  who,  by  his  drink- 
ing example,  leads  his  child  to  be- 
come a  drunkard. 

A  Wife^s  Beer  Money. 

Many  years  ago  there  resided  in 
Manchester.  England,  a  young  calico 
printer,  a  capital  worker,  and  a  most 
obliging  man,  but  unhappily  addicted 
to  drink.  John,  however,  got  mar- 
ried, much  to  the  thankfulness  of  his 
friends,  who  hoped  that  through  his 
young  wife  he  might  reform.  Short- 
ly after  their  wedding  John  said  to 
Mary :  "You're  a  sober  woman,  and 
so  I  mean  to  be  a  sober  man ;  we  must 
agree  to  take  no  more,  each  of  us, 
than  one  pint  of  ale  per  day."  With 
a  serious  face  Mary  queried  gently : 
"Where  shall  you  drink  it,  John? 
Except  Sundays,  you  don't  return 
home  till  late."  "Of  course  in  the 
factory — for  your  share,  I  will  give 
you  six  cents  a  day,  and  you  can 
drink  it  where  you  please."  Months 
elapsed,  during  which  John  was  un- 
able to  limit  himself  to  his  "one  pint." 
At  length  came  round  the  young 
couple's  marriage  anniversary.  "Now, 
my  dear,  we've  not  had  a  single  holi- 
day since  we  were  wed ;  let  us  have 
one  to-day!"  "With  all  my  heart, 
girl!"  he  responded;  "and  if  only  I 
had  a  spare  shilling  or  two  in  the 
world — that  public-house  is  ruining 
me,  to  be  plain,  wifie — we  might  take 
a  jaunt  to  the  village,  and  see  your 
mother."  "I  will  stand  treat.  John!" 
said  Mary.  "You !  you !"  cried  the 
amazed  husband ;  "have  you  got  a 
windfall  of  a  fortune,  and  I  never 
heard  of  it?"  "I  have  just  had  the 
money  for  my  pint  of  beer,"  smiled 
Mary,  joyfully.  "Your  what?"  "My 
pint  of  beer,"  she  repeated,  producing 


an  old  stocking  which  had  served  for 
purse,  and  from  which  immediately 
clinked  out  upon  the  tablecloth  three 
hundred  coins.  "And  you  have  not 
once  tasted  it,  Mary !"  he  stuttered 
with  a  liood  of  tears ;  "then  I  never, 
never  will  again."  "By  God's  grace, 
dear  John,"  added  the  young  wife 
softly  (for  she  was  a  true  Christian), 
and  gathering  up  the  stocking's  con- 
tents, she  handed  him  $21.90.  A 
memorable  day  it  proved  indeed,  the 
day  which  fixed  the  turning-point  of 
John's  hitherto  wasted  life.  "By 
God's  grace"  he  did  most  faithfully 
keep  his  vow  and  he  prospered. 

Obstacles  to  Success* 

"7/  is  good  not  to  cat  iicsh  nor 
to  drink  zvinc  .  .  .  zvhcreby  thy 
brother  stunihleth:'    . 

What  a  host  of  moral  perils  assail 
our  boys  and  young  men  to-day ! 
Shall  we  make  them  greater  by  our 
example  or  by  failing  to  smash  the 
traps,  so  far  as  we  can,  that  threatens 
their  feet?  One  writer  has  thus  pic- 
tured the  perils  of  youth :  One  day  1 
was  in  a  wood  watching  a  dove 
preening  its  pretty  wings  on  a  beech 
bough.  It  looked  the  picture  of  se- 
curity. I  had  no  thought  that  a 
bloodthirsty  eye  was  fixed  upon  that 
dove ;  but  all  of  a  sudden  there  was 
a  whirring  sound,  a  short  scuffle  and 
a  piteous  outcry,  and  I  saw  that  a 
sparrow-hawk  had  seized  it  in  its 
talons  and  was  bearing  it  away  to 
tear  it  to  pieces  at  its  leisure.  Who 
oftenest  plays  the  part  of  destroyer 
to  our  young  men?  Is  it  not  the  man 
who  makes  it  his  business  to  induce 
men.  and  especially  young  men,  to 
drink  that  he  may  be  enriched?  By 
him  our  thoughtless  boys,  sporting  in 
innocence,  are  destroyed  iDody  and 
soul,   many   of  them   every  year. 

Let  us  tell  young  men  the  new  dis- 
coveries of  scientific  men  which  show 


Christianity  an  Abstinence  Religion. 
that   even    the   most   moderate   drink-      smokers     or     drinkers. 


■03 


ing  dims  their  efficiency,  and  so  their 
success.  For  example,  Dr.  V.  H. 
Rutherford,  of  the  British  Parlia- 
ment, in  an  address  in  London, 
showed  that  not  only  is  the  score  of 
a  soldier  at  the  target  affected  un- 
favorably by  even  a  glass  or  two  of 
wine,  but  so  small  an  indulgence 
makes  a  measurable  difference  in  the 
time  it  takes  to  recognize  a  color  or 
to  decide  even  the  smallest  matter  re- 
quiring judgment. 

Our  readers  have  been  hearing  for 
years  about  Luther  Burbank,  "the 
plant  wizard,"  who  has  become  fa- 
mous throughout  the  world  on  ac- 
count of  his  production  of  new  va- 
rieties of  fruits  and  flowers.  Luther 
Burbank  is  not  a  temperance  lecturer 
or  the  editor  of  a  Prohibition  paper. 
He  is  simply  a  cool-headed,  clear- 
eyed  man  of  science,  who  tells  things 
as  he  sees  them,  without  reference  to 
their  bearing  on  the  temperance  ques- 
tion. Not  long  since  Mr.  Burbank 
printed  an  article  against  tobacco  and 
alcohol,  which  was  as  follows : 

"If  I  answered  your  question  by 
saying  that  I  never  used  tobacco  and 
alcohol  in  any  form,  and  rarely  cof- 
fee or  tea,  you  might  say  that  was  a 
personal  preference  and  proved  noth- 
ing. But  I  can  prove  to  you  most 
conclusively  that  even  the  mild  use 
of  stimulants  is  incompatible  with 
work  requiring  accurate  attention  and 
definite  concentration.  To  assist  me 
in  my  work  of  budding — work  that  is 
as  accurate  and  exacting  as  watch- 
making— I  have  a  force  of  twenty 
men.  I  have  to  discharge  men  from 
this  force  if  incompetent.  Some 
time  ago  my  foreman  asked  me  if  I 
took  pains  to  inquire  into  the  personal 
habits  of  my  men.  On  being  an- 
swered in  the  negative  he  surprised 
me  by  saying  that  the  men  I  found 
unable  to  do  the  delicate  work  of 
budding  invariably  turned  out  to    be 


or  (irmkers.  These  men, 
while  able  to  do  the  rough  work  of 
farming,  call  budding  and  other  deli- 
cate work  'puttering,'  and  have  to 
give  it  up  owing  to  inability  to  con- 
centrate their  nerve  force. 

"Even  men  who  smoke  one  cigar 
a  day  cannot  be  trusted  with  some  of 
the  most  delicate  work.  Cigarettes 
are  even  more  damaging  than  cigars, 
and  their  use  by  young  boys  is  little 
short  of  criminal  and  will  produce  in 
them  the  same  results  that  sand  placed 
in  a  watch  will  produce — destruction. 
I  do  not  think  that  anybody  can  pos- 
sibly bring  up  a  .favorable  argument 
for  the  use  of  cigarettes  by  boys. 
Several  of  my  young  acquaintances 
are  in'  their  graves,  who  gave  prom- 
ise of  making  happy  and  useful  citi- 
zens, and  there  is  no  question  what- 
ever that  cigarettes  alone  were  the 
cause  of  their  destruction.  No  boy 
living  would  commence  the  use  of 
cigarettes  if  he  knew  what  a  useless, 
soulless,  worthless  thing  they  would 
make  of  him." 

Andrew  Carnegie  says  in  his  "Em- 
pire of  Business" :  "The  first  and 
most  seductive  peril,  and  the  de- 
stroyer of  most  young  men,  is  the 
drinking  of  liquor.  I  am  no  temper- 
ance lecturer  in  disguise,  but  a  man 
who  knows  and  tells  what  observation 
has  proved  to  him ;  and  I  say  to  you 
that  you  are  more  likely  to  fail  in 
your  career  from  acquiring  the  habit 
of  drinking  liquor  than  from  any  or 
all  the  other  temptations  likely  to  as- 
sail you.  ■  You  may  yield  to  almost 
any  other  temptation  and  reform — 
may  brace  up,  and,  if  not  recover  lost 
ground,  at  least  remain  in  the  race, 
and  secure  and  maintain  a  respectable 
position.  But  from  the  insane  thirst 
for  liquor  escape  is  almost  impossible. 
I  have  known  but  few  exceptions  to 
this  rule." 

On  the  coast  of  Florida  there  are 
many    rookeries   where    thousands    of 


156 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


sea-birds  build  their  nests  and  rear 
their  young  Haunting  the  rookeries 
of  these  birds  is  a  large  blue  crab. 
He  makes  a  hole  in  the  ground,  usu- 
ally under  a  log,  and,  when  he  hears 
a  noise,  elevates  his  head  and  pro- 
trudes his  eyes  with  startling  effect. 
He  is  able  to  take  care  of  himself, 
for  his  pincers  are  powerful  and  his 
shell  is  hard.  He  is  often  as  large 
as  a  big  saucer.  There  is  a  perpetual 
w^ar  between  him  and  the  birds.  He 
wanders  among  the  nests  at  night, 
and  appropriates  the  bits  of  fish  left 
by  the  nestlings,  and  the  young  them- 
selves, if  he  can  find*  a  mother  off  her 
guard.  But  he  has  to  be  sly,  or  he 
is  killed  by  the  stroke  of  a  bayonet 
bill,  and  eaten  in  his  turn.  When  the 
cruel  hunters  for  hat  plumes  have 
driven  off  or  destroyed  the  parents 
of  a  rookery,  these  crabs  swarm  out 
and  devour  the  neglected  young  birds 
in  short  order.  Such  an  enemy  of 
our  children  is  the  liquor  trp^ffic,  for 
it  not  only  steals  away  the  children's 
food  by  enslaving  the  father,  but  often 
destroys  the  children  themselves  by 
the  blows  of  drunken  parents,  or  by 
inducing  them  to  drink.  Strange  that 
fathers,  for  the  sake  of  political  or 
commercial  plumes,  or  mothers,  for 
social  plumes,  will  allow  their  chil- 
dren to  be  captured  by  the  drink  mon- 
ster. 

Bottled  Up. 

"When  I  was  a  little  boy,"  re- 
marked an  old  gentleman,  "somebody 
gave  me  a  cucumber  in  a  bottle.  The 
neck  of  the  bottle  was  small,  and  the 
cucumber  so  large  that  it  wasn't  pos- 
sible for  it  to  pass  through,  and  I 
wondered  how  it  got  there.  Rut  out 
in  the  garden  one  day,  I  came  upon 
a  bottle  slipped  over  a  little  green  fel- 
low that  was  still  on  the  vines,  and 
then  T  understood.  The  cucumber 
had  grown  in  the  bottle.     I  often  see 


men  with  habits  'that  I  wonder  any 
strong,  sensible  man  could  form,  and 
then  I  think  that  likely  they  grew  into 
them  when  they  were  young,  and  can- 
not slip  out  of  them  now — they  are 
like  the  cucumber.  Look  out  for 
such  bottles,  boys." 

Rescue  of  a  Drunkard. 

Dr.  C.  L.  Goodcll,  of  New  York, 
tells  this  story :  "Jimmy  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  church,  but  prosperity 
came  to  Jimmy,  and  as  he  got  money 
he  forgot  God.  He  fell  into  bad  com- 
pany and  began  to  drink ;  all  his  for- 
tune, an  interest  in  a  whaling  vessel, 
went  down  Jimmy's  throat  until  he 
wasn't  worth  a  dollar.  He  had  a 
place  as  salesman  in  the  fishing  busi- 
ness, that  was  all.  He  hadn't  been 
in  a  church  for  years,  but  I  noticed 
him  at  meeting  one  night  sitting  on 
the  back  seat.  Somehow,  my  heart  was 
drawn  toward  the  fellow,  and  he  was 
moved  by  the  heartfelt  interest  that 
he  knew  I  had  in  him,  so  he  came 
week  after  week.  Sometimes  he 
would  be  sober  and  sometimes  he 
would  be  so  drunk  that  I  hardly 
knew  if  he  could  get  out  of  the  church 
alone. 

"One  Sunday  night  Jimmy  came 
in  and  dropped  heavily  down  in  the 
back  seat.  I  was  in  the  pulpit  and 
I  said  to  myself,  'He  has  either  been 
drinking  more  than  usual  or  else 
there  is  something  going  on.  .No, 
Jimmy  is  sober  enough  so  that  he 
knows  what  is  going  on.'  After  the 
service  was  over  Jimmy  had  taken  his 
place  again  on  the  back  seat.  I  went 
to  him  and  threw  my  arm  around  his 
shoulder  and  talked  to  him.  He  said, 
'Doctor,  I  want  it  and  I  am  going  to 
turn  over  a  new  leaf,  but  I  have  got 
to  have  just  one  more  drink.'  I  said 
to  him :  'You  want  something  to  eat, 
Jimmy.'  He  replied,  'I  guess  you  are 
right ;  I  haven't  had  anything  \o  eat 
to-day.     I  had  a  drink  this  morning, 


Christianity  an  .-lbs 

and  two  or  three  more  at  noon  and 
another  to-night,  and  1  haven't  hail 
anytliing  to  eat  to-day.'  I  got  him 
down  to  a  restaurant  where  they  had 
nothing  but  tea  and  coffee  to  drink. 
1  ordered  black  coifee  and  beefsteak, 
and  after  he  had  eaten  the  steak  and 
drank  two  or  three  cups  of  coffee  he 
began,  to  feel  quite  like  himself,  and 
he  said,  'I  feel  better;  I  guess  I  will 
go  home  now.'  I  said,  'I  will  go 
home  with  you.'  At  the  front  steps 
he  said,  'Good  night.'  I  answered, 
'I  will  go  up  with  tyou  to  your  room 
and  see  you  tucked  into  bed.'  So  I 
stepped  in  and  tucked  him  in  bed  and 
talked  with  him,  and  then  went  home. 
When  he  heard  my  feet  echoing  down 
the  street,  he  said  to  himself,  'Now 
the  minister  is  gone,  I  will  put  on  my 


fincnce  Religion.  157 

clothes  and  go  down  and  have  a  good 
drink  and  a  good  time.'  He  got  out 
of  bed  and  started  to  put  on  his 
clothes,  when  all  at  once  he  stopped 
and  said,  'I  won't  do  it;  1  am  a  meq.n 
man  but  I  am  not  mean  enough  to 
do  that.  After  the  minister  was  kind 
enough  to  come  clear  home  with  me 
and  tuck  me  into  bed,  I  am  not  mean 
enough  to  go  back  on  him.'  A 
strange  thing  happened  when  Jimmy 
woke  up  the  next  morning;  for  the 
first  time  in  twenty-five  years  he 
didn't  want  any  liquor.  I  can't  ex- 
plain it,  but  I  know  it  is  a  fact  that 
Jimmy  didn't  want  any  liquor  and  he 
didn't  get  any.  He  went  on  day  after 
day,  and  he  didn't,  want  any  liquor, 
and  he  came  into  the  meeting  and 
gave  his  testimony." 


TEMPERANCE  ILLUSTRATIONS. 


"Cruel  as  the  Grave." — In  several 
ways  the  kca  of  New  Zealand  may  serve 
as  an  illustration  of  the  drink  evil.  It 
used  to  be  a  iharmless  bird,  but  has  shown 
that  even  birds  may  acquire  unnatural  and 
abhorrent  habits.  The  bird  formerly  fed 
on  grubs  found  in  a  vegetable  resembling 
a  sheep,  and  it  is  supposed  to  have  mis- 
tt'iken  an  animal  sheep  for  this  vegetable 
sheep,  perhaps  when  the  latter  was  rare  in 
drouth,  and  having  wounded  the  sheep 
and  gotten  a  taste  of  blood,  or  perhaps 
having  found  maggots  in  a  dead  sheep, 
acquired  the  habit  of  attacking  sheep,  which 
was  done  so  slyly  that  for  years  there 
was  a  controversy  whether  the  kea  was 
to  be  credited  with  the  numerous  slain 
sheep  found  by  the  shepherds.  Thirty 
witnesses  have  set  all  doubts  at  rest.  The 
birds,  one  or  two  at  a  time,  inspect  a 
flock  and  take  their  pick,  the  best  of  the 
s.heep.  Each  bird  leaps  on  its  prey,  gen- 
erally on  the  rump.  The  sheep  tries  to 
shake  it  ofif,  but  the  bird's  talons  hold  fast. 
Then  it  begins  to  tear  away  the  wool 
from  one  spot,  and  then  thrusts  its  power- 
ful beak  into  the  flesh  laid  bare.  As  the 
beak  pierces  the  flesh,  the  sheep  jumns 
wildly,  and  then  rushes  about  in  vain 
efforts  to  rid  itself  of  its  tormentor,  the 
kea  meanwhile  balancing  itself  with  out- 
spread wings.  The  poor  sheep  finally  be- 
comes exhausted,  and  falls  to  rise  no 
more.     S'iaep  after  sheep  is  kiiled  in  this 


way  by  one  or  two  birds,  and  then  a  whole 
flock  of  the  birds  will  come  out  of  hiding 
to  enjoy  the  feast.  How  like  the  drink 
demon  this  is!  But  there  are  myriads  of 
witnesses  to  his  deadly  work:  the  fathers 
and  mothers,  the  wives,  the  sons  and 
daughters  who  witness  the  struggle  from 
the  beginning,  and  finally  see  their  loved 
ones  die  the  death  of  the  drunkard,  the 
suicide,  the  criminal  or  the  outcast.  To 
the  raven  that  shadowed  the  life  of  the 
poet  Edgar  Allen  Poe,  many  another  has 
cried    in   vain: 

"Take    thy    beiik   from   out    my    heart 
And   take  thy  form  from  off  my  door, 
Quoth    the   raven,    'Nevermore.'  " 

Sir  Thomas  Barlow  to  Drinking 
Women  :  I  must  say  in  the  most  deliberate 
way  that  /  do  not  tliink  that  any  cure  from 
the  results  of  alcoholism  is  permanent  or 
satisfactory,  unless  the  poor  victim  has 
admitted  her  wrong-doing,  and  has  come 
upon,  it  not  merely  as  a  disease,  but  as  a 
sin  for  ivhich  she  is  responsible.  [Mere 
prudential  morality  and  mere  material 
ways  of  dealing  with  the  evil  are  not 
sufficient.  It  must  be  looked  upon  as 
a  wrong,  and  dealt  with  by  moral  as  well 
as  by  physical  methods.  It  is  the  shal- 
lowest thing  for  anybody  to  say  that  it 
is  only  a  disease.  It  is  a  disease,  but  only 
as  other  forms  of  wrongdoing  lead  to  a 
disease. 


158 


JVorld  Book  of  Temperance. 


MICHAEL  TRIUMPHING  OVER   SATAN,  BY  GUIDO  RENI.     Rev.  20  :  1,  3, 

THE   TWO    WINGS    OF   TEMPERANCE   REFORM— TOTAL   ABSTINENCE 

AND   PROHIBITION. 


Let  us  try  to  be  painters  now,  and  make  this 
picture  over.  Let  us  take  Satan  for  the  whole 
liquor  business.  Hear  what  is  said  of  it  by  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States.  Crowlcv 
vs.  Christenson,  1.37  U.  S.  86  :  "By  the  gpner.a! 
concurrence  of  opinion  of  every  civilized  and 
Christian  community,  there  are  few  sources  of 
crime  and  misery  to  society  equal  to  the  dram 
shop,  where  intoxicating-  liquors,  in  small  quan- 
tities, to  he  drunk  at  the  time,  are  sold  indis- 
criminately to  all  parties  applying.  The  sta- 
tistics of  every  State  show  a  greater  amount 
of  crime  and  misery  attributable  to  the  use  of 
ardent   spirits   obtained    at    these   retail    liquor 


saloons    than    to    anv    other    source."     See    pp. 
:;(),  02. 

And  who  is  the  good  angel  that  Is  deter- 
mined upon  chaining  this  terrible  enemy  of 
mankind?  His  name  is  Temperance  Reform. 
The  wings  of  the  Temperance  Angel  are  total 
abstinence  and  prohibition.  And  what  is  that 
sword  in  bis  right  hand?  Tt  is  the  sword  of 
"Public  Opi-'ion."  And  that  chain  which  the 
Angel  of  Teniperauce  holds  in  his  hand 
is  made  of  laws  that  have  been  passed  hi 
UKiiiy  binds  to  )irevei!t  the  sale  of  poisonous 
beverages.  By  this  chain  Al  Gohol,  the  prince 
of  devils,  slinll  be  bound. 


For  The  Sake  of  Others* 


I   Cor.   lo:   23-23. 


23  All  things  are  lawful;  but  all  things 
are  not  expedient.  All  things  are  lawful; 
but  all  things  edify  not.  24  Let  no  man 
seek  his  own,  but  each  his  neighbor's  good. 

25  Whatsoever  is  sold  in  the  shambles,  eat, 
asking    no    question    for    conscience    sake ; 

26  For  the  earth  is  the  Lord's,  and  the  ful- 
ness thereof.  27  If  one  of  them  that  believe 
not  biddeth  you  to  a  feast,  and  ye  are  dis- 
posed to  go ;  whatsoever  is  set  before  you, 
eat,  asking  no  question  for  conscience,  sake. 
28  But  if  any  man  say  unto  you,  This  hath 
been    offered    in   sacrifice,   eat   not,    for   his 


sake  that  shewed  it,  and  for  conscience 
sake :  29  Conscience,  I  say,  not  thine  own, 
but  the  other's;  for  why  is  my  liberty 
judged  by  another  conscience?  30  If  I  by 
grace  partake,  why  am  I  evil  spoken  of 
for  that  for  which  I  give  thanks?  31 
Whether  therefore  ye  eat,  or  drink,  or 
whatsoever  ye  do,  do  all  to  the  glory  of 
God.  32  Give  no  occasion  of  stumbling, 
eitlicr  to  Jews,  or  to  Greeks,  or  to  the 
church  of  God :  33  Even  as  1  also  please 
all  men  in  all  things,  not  seeking  mine  own 
profit,  but  the  profit  of  the  many,  that  they 
may  be  saved. 


Golden   Text:     No  drtaiknrd  slia:i  iiilicriuhc   Kingdoiu   of  God. — 1.    Cor.    6:    10. 


The  Greek  and  the  Jew  we  find 
yoked  together  in  the  chtirch  at  Cor- 
inth. And  how  did  they  come  to  be 
yoke-fellows  ?  Through  the  preaching 
of  Paul,  both  had  been  brought  to  a 
knowledge  of  Christ.  And  what  kind 
of  yoke-fellows  did  they  make?  Did 
they  pull  together?  Not  always. 
Could  it  be  expected  that  they  would? 
The  Greek  had  behind  him  centuries 
of  idol-worshiping  ancestors,  the  Jew 
centuries  of  God-fearing  ancestors. 
To  the  Greek  all  who  were  not  Greeks 
were  "barbarians."  To  the  Jew  the 
Greeks  were  "Gentiles,"  which  meant 
about  the  same. 

How  wide  apart  they  were  in  their 
traditions  and  customs !  The  Jew  ate 
meat,  but  not  all  kinds  of  meat,  only 
that  which  was  "clean,"  according  to 
the  law  of  Moses,  the  flesh  of  such 
animals  as  chewed  the  cud  and  parted 
the  hoof.  He  was  also  forbidden  to 
eat  meat  offered  to  idols.  We  see  a 
striking  example  of  the  result  of  such 
teaching  in  the  firm  refusal  of  Daniel 
and  his  three  boy  companions  to  eat 


the  meat  and  drink  the  wine  which 
was  set  before  them  in  the  king's 
school,  when  they  were  captives  in 
Babylon  (Daniel  i).  On  the  other 
hand,  the  Greeks  prized  above  any 
other  kind  of  meat  that  which  had 
been  placed  before  idols,  because  it 
was  regarded  as  "consecrated,"  and 
was  also  of  the  best  quality.  To  the 
Christian  Greeks  in  Corinth  idol  meat 
had  lost  its  sacredness,  but  as  they 
counted  an  idol  as  "nothing,"  they  saw 
no  reason  why  they  should  not  eat  idol 
meat  in  company  with  their  friends 
who  had  not  yet  broken  away  from 
their  idolatries.  Such  eating,  however, 
seemed  to  their  Jewish  fellow-Chris- 
tians a  great  sin,  and  they  had  bitter 
words  to  say  about  it.  The  Apostle 
Paul  was  appealed  to  as  arbitrator.  It 
is  likely  that  both  Christian  Jews  and 
Greeks  had  agreed  to  abide  by  his 
decision.  Paul  was  a  Jew  by  birth  and 
training.  Could  he  '  side  with  the 
Greeks?  But  he  was  broad-minded, 
and  could  consider  the  Greek  point 
of  view  as  well  as  the  Jewish.    He  did 


i6o 


IVorld  Book  of  Tciii Iterance. 


look  at  both  sides  of  the  question,  and 
rendered  a  decision  which  has  served 
Christians  ever  since  in  all  the  world 
concerning  things  doubtful,  proclaim- 
ing the  principle  of  self-denial  for  the 
good  of  others. 

His  advice  on  this  subject  is  in  a 
Bible  letter  we  speak  of  as  "First 
Corinthians."  He  was  careful  to  tell 
the  Greek  Christians  that  all  men  had 
not  risen  to  their  point  of  view  in  con- 
sidering an  idol  as  nothing,  and  that 
to  such  the  eating  of  meat  that  had 
been  offered  to  idols  could  not  but  be 
confused  with  continued  allegiance  to 
idols,  and  that,  therefore,  they  should 
not  have  anything  to  do  with  this 
meat.  To  put  it  into  our  modern  way 
of  speaking,  Paul  showed  them  that  in 
order  to  be  consistent  Christians  they 
must  not  have  any  association  what- 
soever with  idols  or  their  sacrifices. 
And  Paul  nobly  wrote  them  that,  as 
for  himself,  if  self-indulgence  on  his 
part,  in  even  an  innocent  way,  would 
become  a  stumbling  block  to  any 
brother,  he  would  in  that  forever 
practise  self-denial.  He,  therefore, 
advised  the  Greeks  not  to  partake 
again  of  the  idol  meat. 

Paul's  Jewish  predilections  seem  not 
to  have  entered  into  the  solution  of 
the  question.  The  matter  was  to  be 
settled  by  considering  only  how  the 
greatest  good  could  be  accomplished 
in  the  promotion  of  the  peace  of  the 
church  and  in  saving  those  who  were 
still  out  of  Christ.  Of  course  Paul 
would  not  have  advised  that  there 
should  be  any  compromise  on  a  ques- 
tion of  right  and  wrong.  The  Bible 
rule  is,  "First,  pure,  then  peaceable." 
As  it  was  only  a  question  of  privilege 
to  the  Greeks,  they  yielded  and  pulled 
together  amicably  with  their  Jewish 
yoke-fellows,  brought  into  harmony 
by  their  desire  to  see  the  name  of  the 
Lord  Jesus  glorified.  Paul,  in  his  wis- 
dom,   had   not    said,   "The   Jews   are 


right."  He  had  decided  the  question 
on  higher  grounds,  and  in  so  doing  . 
there  was  no  opportunity  on  the  one 
hand  for  the  bitterness  of  defeat,  or 
on  the  other  hand,  for  the  self-gratu- 
lation  of  conquest.  The  church  was 
really  stronger  for  the  difficulty  that 
had  arisen,  having  learned  something 
of  the  privilege  of  giving  up  rights 
(not  right)  for  the  sake  of  others. 

Inebriation  Not  Inspiration, 

Why  should  I  abstain  from  intoxi- 
cating beverages?  (Let  this  lesson 
be  kept  close  to  the  one  question  of 
beverages.  The  medicinal  use  of  drink 
requires  at  least  a  whole  lesson ;  so 
also  the  question  of  what  liquor  law 
is  best.)  I.  Even  though  I  feel  sure 
that  alcoholic  beverages  will  do  me 
no  harm,  yet  if  I  see  that  my  example 
might  cause  some  human  brother  to 
be  harmed,  or  to  harm  others,  I  am 
bound  to  abstain,  inasmuch  as  the  cus- 
tom of  drinking  is,  even  to  those  who 
defend  it,  only  a  privilege,  not  a  duty. 
In  the  words  of  Neal  Dow.  "No  one 
has  a  right  to  do  that  which,  if  the 
whole  world  follow  his  example,  as 
some  are  almost  sure  to  do,  will  pro- 
duce more  harm  than  good."  II.  But 
in  the  twentieth  century,  when  insur- 
ance tables  prove  that  even  moderate 
drinking  injures  health  and  shortens 
life,  I  am  bound  to  abstain  also  for 
my  ow-n  sake,  in  fulfilment  of  the  com- 
mand, "Thoii  shah  love  thy  neighbor 
as  thyself,"  which  requires  a  proper 
self-love  and  self-regard.  Suicide  is 
wrong,  as  well  as  murder.  I  have  no 
more  right  to  poison  myself  than 
others.  No  one  in  Corinth  claimed 
that  idol  meat  was  per  se  hannful. 
It  was  only  to  the  associations  that 
anyone  objected.  But  it  is  not  alone 
the  associations  of  the  saloon  that  are 
bad ;  the  alcohol  itself  is  harmful  to 
body,  mind  and  soul.  Insurance  tables, 
insanity  statistics,  criminal  records,  all 


For  the  Sake  of  Other <i. 


i6i 


prove  that.  Anyone  who  drinks  is 
Hable  to  get  drunk,  and  so  to  become 
a  drunkard,  and  one  who  was  never 
drunk  may  be  diseased  in  every  cell 
of  his  body  through  daily  tippling. 
We  need  to  repeat  often  that  Dr. 
Benjamin  Ward  Richardson*  a  Lon- 
don physician,  has  said  that  daily 
tippling  injures  one's  health  and  his 
children  more  than  the  monthly  pay- 
day debauch. 

I.  Moderation,  as  a  substitule  for 
abstinence,  was  sincerely  and  thor- 
oughly tried  by  temperance  leaders 
and  discarded  as  inadequate.  2.  Sub- 
stitution of  wine  and  beer  for  whiskey 
and  other  distilled  liquors  was  also 
sincerely  tried  by  temperance  societies, 
and  found  equally  unavailing.  3. 
Abstinence  was  at  last  tried,  and  the 
doctors  now  declare  it  the  way  to 
health,  and  the  athletes  find  it  the  way 
to  strength.  4.  Greeley,  Peary,  Nan- 
sen,  Kane,  and  other  arctic  explorers, 
proclaim  abstinence  the  best  plan  for 
extreme  cold ;  and  Stanley,  in  his 
African  annals,  proves  abstinence  is 
also  safest  in  the  tropics.  5.  The  fact 
that  fifty-one  per  cent,  of  the  business 
establishments  of  the  United  States 
either  require  abstinence  of  employees 
or  at  least  give  abstainers  the  prefer- 
ence, shows  that  abstinence  is  the  best 
plan  for  business  success.  6.  JefTer- 
son  declared  for  abstinence  in  public 
service,  that  is,  in  politics.  7.  The 
churches  have  with  nearly  unanimous 
voice  resolved  in  favor  of  abstinence 
as  the  only  consistent  attitude  for  the 
Christian. 

No  one  claims  that  any  evil  con- 
sequences can  come  from  abstaining 
altogether,  and  when  one  has  never 
allowed  himself  to  form  the  habit,  not 
even  self-denial  is  required;  but  let 
others  who  have  not  acquired  the 
dangerous  liking  for  the  drink  re- 
member the  profound  saying  that 
"self-denial  is  self-love  Hying  for  the 


future."     Therefore,  let  us  insure  our 
future  by  taking  this  pledge  to-day : 


For 

my  own 

sake.     For  th 
others, 

e  sake  of 

For 

Christ's 

sake,   and  by 

His   help, 

I  w 

11  totally 

abstain  from 

all  intoxi- 

cat 

ng  beverages. 

(Signed) 

A  Story  for  Boys. 

"Mister,  do  you  lend  money  here?" 
asked  an  earnest  young  voice  at  the 
office-door.  The  lawyer  turned  away 
from  his  desk,  confronted  a  clear- 
eyed,  poorly-dressed  lad  of  twelve 
years,  and  studied  him  keenly  for  a 
minute.  "Sometimes  we  do — on  good 
security,"  he  said,  gravely.  The  little 
fellow  explained  that  he  had  a  chance 
to  "buy  out  a  boy  that's  cryin'  papers." 
He  had  half  the  money  required,  but 
he  needed  to  borrow  the  other  fifteen 
cents.  "What  security  can  you  ofifer?" 
asked  the  lawyer.  The  boy's  brown 
hand  sought  his  pocket,  and  he  drew 
out  a  paper  carefully  folded  in  a  bit 
of  calico.  It  was  a  cheaply-printed 
pledge  against  the  use  of  intoxicating 
liquor  and  tobacco.  As  respectfully 
as  if  it  had  been  the  deed  to  a  farm 
the  lawyer  examined  it,  accepted  it, 
and  handed  over  the  required  sum. 
A  friend  who  had  watched  the  trans- 
action with  silent  amusement  laughed 
as  the  young  borrower  departed.  "You 
think  that  I  know  nothing  about  him," 
smiled  the  lawyer.  "I  know  that  he 
came  manfully,  in  what  he  supposed 
to  be  a  business  way,  and  tried  to  ne- 
gotiate a  loan,  instead  of  begging  the 
money.  I  know  that  he  has  been  un- 
der good  influences  or  he  would  not 
have  signed  that  pledge,  and  that  he 
does  not  hold  it  lightly  or  he  would 
not  have  cared  for  it  so  carefully.  I 
agree  with  him  that  one  who  keep? 
himself  from  such  things  has  a  char- 
acter to  offer  as  security."  The  boy 
probably  did  not  know  that  business 


l62 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


firms  require  abstinence,  but  he  knew 
by  the  clear  instincts  of  boyhood  that 
a  boy  who  did  not  drinK  would  be 
more  reliable  to  do  a  job  or  pay  a 
debt,  and  he  supposed  others  would 
see  that  also. 

A  Story  for  Girls. 

"I  think  a  Christian  can  go  any- 
where," said  a  young  woman,  who 
was  defending  her  continued  attend- 
ance at  some  very  doubtful  places  of 
amusement.  "Certainly,  she  can,"  re- 
joined her  friend,  "but  I  am  reminded 
of  a  little  incident  that  happened  last 
summer,  when  I  went  with  a  party 
of  friends  to  explore  a  coal  mine.  One 
of  the  young  women  appeared  dressed 
in  a  dainty  white  gown.  When  her 
friends  remonstrated  with  her  she 
appealed  to  the  old  miner  who  was 
to  act  as  guide  of  the  party.  'Can't 
I  wear  a  white  dress  down  into  the 
mine?'  she  asked,  petulantly.  'Yes'm.' 
returned  the  old  man.  'There's  nothin' 
to  keep  you  from  wearin'  a  white 
frock  down  there,  but  there'll  be 
considerable  to  keep  you  from  wearin' 
one  back.'  "  There  is  nothing  to  pre- 
vent the  Christian  wearing  his  white 
garments  when  he  seeks  the  fellow- 
ship of  that  which  is  unclean,  but 
there  is  a  good  deal  to  prevent  him 
from  wearing  white  garments  after- 
ward. No  woman  who  would  keep 
a  spotless  reputation  can  afiford  to 
drink  anywhere,  for  drink  dethrones 
modesty  and  strengthens  passion. 

Two  Stories  for  Fathers. 

Many  a  father  abstains  for  the  sake 
of  his  child.  Here  are  two  stories  that 
will  help  to  increase  the  number: 

Two  grave,  quiet-looking  men  stood 
on  the  steps  of  a  big  house  in  Wash- 
ington some  years  ago.  They  were 
watching  four  bright  children  get  into 
a    cart    and    drive    down    the    street. 


throwing  back  kisses  and  "good-byes" 
to  papa  and  papa's  friend,  the  gen- 
eral. The  father  was  General  Phil 
Sheridan.  The  other  general,  an  old 
friend,  said :  "Phil,  how  do  you  man- 
age your  little  army  of  four?"  "I 
don't  manage ;  they  are  mischievous 
soldiers,  but  what  good  comrades ! 
All  the  good  there  is  in  me  they  bring 
out.  Their  little  mother  is  a  won- 
derful woman,  and  worth  a  regiment 
of  officers.  I  often  think  what  pit- 
falls are  in  waiting  for  my  small, 
brave  soldiers  all  through  life.  I 
wish  I  could  always  help  them  over." 
"Phil,  if  you  could  choose  for  your 
little  son  from  all  the  temptations 
which  will  beset  him  the  one  most 
to  be  feared,  what  would  it  be?" 
General  Sheridan  leaned  his  head 
against  the  doorway  and  said,  soberly  : 
"It  would  be  the  curse  of  strong 
drink." 

Senator  Henry  J.  Coggeshall  is  a 
poet.  He  says,  however,  that  he  has 
only  written  one  poem.  "To  tell  you 
the  truth,"  said  the  Senator  one  day 
at  the  Fifth  Avenue  Hotel,  "that  poem 
you  have  heard  about  was  really  in- 
spired. One  of  my  senatorial  col- 
leagues gave  a  dinner,  and  I  was  one 
of  the  guests."  "Were  you  fined  a 
poem  for  drinking  seltzer?"  asked  the 
reporter.  "No,"  replied  Senator  Cog- 
geshall. "I  refused  to  drink  anything 
intoxicating,  and  my  colleagues  began 
to  jibe  me.  I  thought  of  a  promise 
I  had  made  to  my  little  daughter,  her 
last  words  to  me  when  I  left  home 
for  Albany  being:  'Papa,  be  true  to 
me.'  I  gave  the  poem  that  title."  It 
is  as  follows : 

What    makes    me    refuse    a    social    glass? 

Well,  I'll  tell  you  the  reason  why; 
Because   a  bonnie,   blue-eyed   lass    is    ever 

standing  by. 
And  I  hear  her,  boys,  above  the  noise  of 

the  jest  and  the  merry  glee, 
As  with  baby  grace  she  kisses  my  face  and 

says,  "Papa,  be  true  to  me." 


See  Class  Pledge  at  end  of  book. 


THOUGHTS  ON  LIBERTY. 


To  teach  the  children  in  the  home,  the 
Sabbath  school  and  the  pubhc  school  the 
true  relation  of  love,  and  law,  and  life,  and 
liberty,  as  respectively  the  root  and  trunk 
and  sap  and  fruit  of  the  tree  of  life,  is  the 
most  effective  way  to  right  the  discordant 
social  relations  of  men,  especially  those  that 
appear  in  Sabbath  breaking,  gambling,  im- 
purity, and  intemperance,  all  of  which  evils 
attack  society  under  the  false  banner  of 
'■personal  liberty,"  as  Cambyses  conquered 
Egypt,  when  it  was  the  foremost  -nation  in 
■the  world,  both  in  arms  and  letters,  by  tak- 
ing advantage  of  their  worship  of  sacred 
cats ;  his  troopers  being  armed  each  with  a 
crate  of  cats,  that  were  thrown  as  hand 
grenades  at  the  defenders  of  Egypt,  who 
would  not  kill  a  cat  to  save  a  life  or  a  wife, 
and  so  surrendered  their  country  without 
a  blow  (over).  "Personal  liberty"  is  our 
sacred  cat.  When  Dr.  F.  E.  Clark  was  in 
India,  condemning  idolatry,  one  of  the 
natives  who  had  received  an  American  dol- 
lar asked,  "What  is  this  image  on  the  coin?" 
"That  is  the  Goddess  of  Liberty."  "Oh,  I 
thought  you  did  not  worship  goddesses  in 
America  !"  Dr.  Clark  tried  to  convince  him 
■that  we  did  not  make  a  Diana  of  this  "sil- 
ver image,"  but  did  not  succeed ;  and,  in 
fact,  it  is  largely  because  "liberty"  is  a 
superstition,  that  such  a  curse  as  the  drink 
habit  is  allowed  in  our  country.  No  man 
would  make  a  business  of  dispensing  such 
a  curse  to  his  neighbors  if  there  were  not 
"big  money"  in  it,  to  be  obtained  with  little 
effort,  and  men  might  not  be  allowed  to 
make  it  their  business  to  enslave  others  with 
drink  were  it  not  for  our  absurd  ideas  of 
"personal  liberty." 

We  shall  be  emancipated  from  this  pop- 
ular slavery  to  a  false  "liberty"  when  one 
generation  of  children  has  been  thoroughly 
taught  not  only  what  alcohol  really  is  but 
also  what  "liberty"  really  is :  not  the  right 
of  every  man  to  do  as  he  pleases,  regardless 
of  whether  he  so  pleases  or  harms  his  neigh- 
bors ;  not  liberty  to  do  wrong,  but  only 
liberty  to  choose  among  the  various  ways 
of  doing  right;    "liberty  under  law." 

In  blindness  to  their  enslavement  the 
slaves  of  sin  never  shout  "liberty"  so  much 
as  when  they  are  in  abject  slavery  to  drink 
or  some  like  demon.  Are  you  willing  to 
obey  the  law  of  total  abstinence  which  God 
writes  in  natural  law,  when  you  can  dis- 
cover it?  Perhaps  an  incident  will  help  the 
senior  scholars  to  find  it.  A  man  who  was 
boarding  in   a  hotel   found   himself  helped 


to  sleep  one  night  by  a  nine  o'clock  glass  of 
brandy.  He  repeated  the  sleeping  draught 
at  that  hour  for  a  few  weeks,  until  one  eve- 
ning at  seven  he  discovered  that  he  was 
longing  for  nine  o'clock.  He  heeded  the 
danger  signal,  and  put  on  the  brakes  of 
total  abstinence  at  once. 

Of  the  divine  tree  of  life,  love  is  the  root, 
and  law  the  trunk,  and  life  the  sap,  and  lib- 
erty the  fruit.  Love  for  God  and  man 
grows  into  law  as  its  strong  expression,  for 
all  true  law  in  home  and  street  is  but  the 
friendly  guideboard  that  shows  us  the  safe 
road  and  keeps  us  out  of  the  marshes  of 
sorrow.  And  when  law  enters  into  our 
very  life  because  of  love  for  God  and  man, 
and  we  prefer  to  do  the  things  we  are 
required  to  do  and  so  do  them  freely,  then 
our  life  is  crowned  with  the  ripe  fruit  of 
true  liberty. 

We  may  well  close  with  the  words  with 
which  Dr.  Joseph  Cook  closed  a  lecture  on 
"Neal  Dow's  Watchwords,"  previously 
quoted  :  "The  Statue  of  Liberty  at  the  New 
York  gates  of  the  ocean  and  the  Statue  of 
Faith  on  the  Plymouth  shore  are  sisters. 
I  never  pass  through  New  York  harbor  or 
visit  Plymouth  Rock  without  seeming  to 
hear  the  two  statues  converse  with  each 
other.  The  Statue  of  Liberty  is  always 
uttering  Webster's  words :  'Liberty  and 
Union,  now  and  forever,  one  and  insepar- 
able.' And  the  Statue  of  Faith  replies : 
'Liberty  and  Union,  now  and  forever,  one 
and  inseparable ;  but  these  are  possible  only 
,to  a  people  whose  God  is  the  Lord.'  And 
to-day  I  hear  both  Liberty  and  Faith  utter- 
ing in  unison  words  of  Neal  Dow,  with 
which  we  shall  agree  and  which,  God  grant, 
the  future  may  indorse :  'We  forbid  the 
bans  of  rum,  religion  and  politics.*  But,  in 
the  name  of  God  and  humanity,  we  pro- 
claim a  union,  holy  and  indissoluble,  of 
affection,  as  well  as  of  interest,  between 
Temperance,  Religion  and  Politics,  of  every 
party  and  every  sect." 

The  sisters  join  their  fateful  hands. 

Above  the  seas  and  several  lands, 

And  woo  the  world  to  unity, 

And  God  fills  all  the  canopy. 

The  blue  flames  lit  from  nether  fire 

In    Liberty's    wild    torch    expire ; 

No  wind  can  quench,  no  darkness  mars 

Her  torch,  when  lighted  at  the  stars. 


164 


World  Book  of  rcmpcrdncc. 


True  and  False  Liberty  J 


Galatians  5 :  15- 

15  But  if  yo  bite  and  devour  one  another, 
take  iieed  that  ye  he  not  eonsumed  one  of 
another.  Ki  But  I  say,  Walk  by  the  Spirit, 
and  ye  shall  not  fullil  the  lust  of  the  tlesh. 
17  For  the  flesh  lustelh  against  the  Spirit, 
and  the  Spirit  against  the  flesh;  for  these 
are  contrary  the  one  to  the  other;  that  ye 
may  not  do  the  things  that  ye  would.  18 
But  if  ye  are  led  by  the  Spirit,  ye  arc  not 
under  the  law.  19  Now  the  works  of  the 
flesh  are  manifest,  which  are  these,  forni- 
cation, uncleanness,  lasciviousness,  20  idol- 
atry, sorcery,  enmities,  strife,  jealousies, 
wraths,  factions,  divisions,  parties,  21  envy- 
ings,  drunkenness,  revellings  and  such  like  : 
of  whidh  I  forewarn  yon,  even  as  I 
did  forewarn  you,  that  they  who  prac- 
tise such  things  shall  not  inherit  the  king- 


26;    6:  7,  8. 

dom  of  God.  22  But  tlie  fruit  of  the 
Spirit  is  love,  joy,  peace,  longsuffering, 
kindness,  goodness,  faithfulness,  2.'>  meek- 
ness, temperance ;  against  such  there  is  no 
law.  24  and  they  that  are  of  Christ  Jesus 
have  crucified  the  flesh  with  the  passions 
and  the  lusts  thereof.  25  If  we  live  by  the 
Spirit,  by  the  Spirit  let  us  also  walk.  26 
Let  us  not  be  vainglorious,  provoking  one 
another,   envying  one   another. 


7  Be  not  deceived ;  God  is  not  mocked  : 
for  whatsoever  a  man  soweth,  that  shall  he 
also  reap.  8  For  he  that  soweth  unto  his 
own  flesh  shall  of  the  flesh  reap  corrup- 
tion ;  but  he  fhat  soweth  unto  the  Spirit 
shall  of  the  Spirit  reap  eternal  life. 


Golden    Text:     Take  heed  lest  by  any  means  l/iis  liberty  of  yours  become  a  stumbling 
bloek   to   the  zveala.—l  Cor.   8  :  9. 


The  Epistle  to  the  Galatians  is  a 
divine  exposition  of  true  liberty,  in 
contrast  to  its  counterfeits,  license  and 
anarchy.  Because  Paul  taught  that 
love  to  God  frees  from  bondage  to 
the  Law  of  God  by  making  us  dis- 
posed to  do  freely  by  innermost  pref- 
erence what  God  requires,  instead  of 
doing  it  under  the  slavish  lash  of 
fear,  many  who  had  not  received  this 
willing  spirit  of  obedience  jumped  to 
the  conclusion  that  one  might  do  not 
only  what  a  spiritual  heart  prompted, 
but  also  whatever  a  selfish  heart  de- 
sired. Paul's  words,  "free  from  the 
law,"  are  hardly  less  understood  to- 
day, and  "liberty"  is  still  the  watch- 
word of  slaves  to  evil  passions.  Sena- 
tor H.  W.  Blair,  who  was  for  many 
years  the  champion  of  moral  measures 
in  Congress,  and  daily  encountered 
the  opposition  not  only  of  bad  men, 
but  also  of  some  good  men,  who  did 
not  see  that  there  is  no  liberty  to  do 
wrong,  said :  "The  whole  question  of 
liberty  needs  to  be  expounded  anew." 
And  we  may  add,  that  the  most  effect- 

•See  cartoon 


ive  way  to  root  out  the  false  ideas  of 
liberty  that  prevail  is  to  begin  with  the 
children. 

Liberty  Not  License. 

"For  ye,  brethren,  zuere  called  for 
freedom;  only  use  not  your  freedom 
for  an  occasion  to  the  flesh,  hut 
through  love  he  servants  of  one 
another."  Freedom  is  not  freedom 
to  indulge  in  selfish  and  sensual  sin, 
but  freedom  to  serve  God  and  man 
by  the  spontaneous  impulse  of  love, 
"for  the  zvhole  lazv  is  fulfilled  in  one 
ivord,  even  in  this,  Thou  shalt  love  thy 
ncighhor  as  thyself."  If  we  do  not 
love  God  and  our  neighbor  it  will  be 
enforced  slavery  to  serve  them ;  but 
if  we  love  God  as  a  father  and  all 
men  as  brothers,  we  shall  freely 
choose  to  serve  them,  as  children 
rejoice  to  serve  whomsoever  Ihey  love. 
"Walk  by  the  Spirit,  and  ye  shall 
not  fulfill  the  lusts  of  the  flesh."  In 
the  sixteenth  century  Europe  was 
aglow,  as  with  northern  lights,  with 
the  cry  of  "religious  liberty."  There 
OD  title  page. 


i66 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


was  nothing  selfish  in  that  cry.  It 
meant  to  many  who  uttered  it,  liberty 
to  die  that  their  children  might  have 
liberty  to  pray.  In  the  course  of  two 
centuries  that  light  in  the  upper  sky 
had  worked  down  into  the  lower  sky, 
and  Europe  rang  with  the  cry  of 
"civil  liberty."  There  was  nothing 
selfish  in  that  cry.  It  meant  to  many 
who  uttered  it  liberty  to  die  that  their 
sons  might  be  free  from  despots. 
Alas!  that  "liberty,"  this  word  of 
heavenly  glory,  should  now  be  often- 
est  heard  in  that  synonym  of  personal 
selfishness  and  personal  deviltry,  "per- 
sonal liberty."  There  is  everything 
selfish  in  that  cry.  It  means  liberty  to 
destroy  oneself  and  the  peace  of 
society. 

No  Personal  Liberty  to  Do  Wrong. 

There  can  be  in  civilized  society  no 
such  liberty  as  prodigals  and  politi- 
cians mean  when  they  cry,  "Personal 
liberty !"  Even  in  the  wilderness,  far 
from  civilized  society,  the  solitary  can- 
not indulge  in  impurity  with  impunity. 
Even  there  his  "personal  liberty"  is 
encircled  by  law,  the  laws  of  nature, 
which  he  can  nowhere  escape.  Even 
there,  ''Whatsoever  a  man  soweth  that 
shall  he  also  reap.  He  that  soiveth  to 
the  flesh  shall  of  the  flesh  reap  cor- 
ruption." Even  there  in  the  wilder- 
ness, "he  who  sows  an  act  shall  reap 
a  tendency;  and  he  who  sows  a  ten- 
dency shall  reap  a  habit ;  and  he  who 
sows  a  habit  shall  reap  a  character; 
and  he  who  sows  a  character  shall 
reap  a  destiny."  Nowhere  in  all  God's 
world  of  law  can  there  be  "personal 
liberty"  to  do  wrong  with  impunity. 
The  only  real  liberty  that  can  exist 
under  the  reign  of  law  is  the  abundant 
liberty  to  choose  among  the  various 
ways  of  doing  right. 

But  so  far  as  civil  law  is  concerned, 
the  solitary  man,  living  far  from  any 
neighbors,  is  at  liberty  to  keep  a  stench 
at  his  cabin  door,  because  he  is  not 


interfering  with  any  neighbor's  liberty 
to  enjoy  sweet  odors.  The  story  is 
so  pertinent  here,  that  it  is  worth 
repeating,  even  where  it  is  familiar, 
of  the  foreigner  of  the  baser  sort,  com- 
ing out  of  a  saloon  where  he  had 
imbibed  more  "liberty"  than  he  could 
manage,  who  swung  his  arms  about 
on  the  crowded  sidewalk  and  struck 
the  nose  of  an  American  passing  by, 
who  straightway  knocked  him  down. 
He  rose  to  his  feet  indignant,  shout- 
ing, "I  thought  this  was  a  land  of 
personal  liberty."  "So  it  is,"  replied 
the  American,  "but  your  personal  lib- 
erty ends  where  my  nose  begins" — 
a  remark  which,  like  a  flashlight, 
exposes  the  absurdity  of  the  popular 
idea  of  "personal  liberty."  My  per- 
sonal liberty  is  bounded  by  my  neigh- 
bor's nose,  as  I  shall  find  if  I  attempt 
to  put  up  a  fertilizing  factory  near  a 
residence  neighborhood.  But  this  sol- 
itary man  we  are  studying  has  "per- 
sonal liberty"  to  make  night  hideous 
with  drunken  rage  and  revelry,  for, 
having  no  neighbors,  he  is  not  infring- 
ing the  liberty  of  anyone  else  to  rest 
in  peace. 

But  when  that  solitary  man  con- 
cludes that  he  prefers  a  more  limited 
liberty  in  civilized  society,  with  its  pro- 
tection and  fellowship,  just  as  a  man 
exchanges  a  quarter  section  in  the  wil- 
derness for  a  corner  lot  in  the  city, 
he  exchanges  his  boundless  liberty  of 
solitude  for  the  smaller  but  more 
desirable  liberty  of  civilized  society. 
What  is  liberty  in  civilized  society? 
It  is  the  ample  space  within  a  great 
circle,  that  is  bounded  on  all  sides  by 
law,  which  protects  the  rights  and  lib- 
erties of  others.  But  that  law  does  not 
really  infringe  the  liberty  of  anyone 
who  has  no  wish  to  break  it,  just  as 
your  neighbor's  fence  is  no  restraint 
of  your  liberty  if  you  do  not  wish  to 
break  into  your  neighbor's  yard.  How 
strange  that  one  on  entering  a  new 
town    or    country    does    not    find    it 


True  ami  False  Liberty. 


167 


necessary  to  drive  swiftly  to  some  offi- 
cial and  spend  days  in  reading  up  the 
numerous  laws !  The  man  who  has  in 
himself  that  equity,  or  "fair  play," 
which  makes  laws,  and  interprets 
them,  is  by  that  same  centripetal  force 
of  equity  held  within  his  orbit,  and 
obeys  the  laws  he  never  saw  as  he 
moves  swiftly  from  place  to  place. 
The  man  who  has  no  will  to  do  ill 
is  free  in  that  only  true  freedom  that 
comes  from  within.  You  can  do  what 
you  like,  when  you  like  to  do  what 
is  just. 

Per  Aspera.  ad  Astra. 

"But  if  ye  are  led  by  the  Spirit  ye 
are  not  under  the  lazv."  A  helpful 
illustration  of  what  this  means  is 
afforded  by  the  balloon  ascension  at 
the  original  Chautauqua  the  first  year. 
The  climax  of  the  night  of  illumina- 
tion was  to  be  a  toy  balloon  of  un- 
usual size,  in  whose  successful  ascent 
the  great  crowd  took  a  supreme  inter- 
est. Those  in  charge  waited  for  some 
minutes  for  the  wind  to  lull,  lest  it 
should  be  blown  into  the  trees  in  ris- 
ing. When  the  wind  seemed  to  have 
ceased  it  was  at  last  let  go,  and  rose 
steadily  until  it  had  almost  cleared  the 
woods,  when  a  slight  breeze  threw  it 
into  the  topmost  branches  of  the  tallest 
tree,  that  seemed  to  be  stretching  out 
its  arms  as  a  sentinel  of  earth  to  catch 
the  escaping  prisoner.  Then  came  a 
battle,  which  thousands  watched  with 
anxiety  as  if  some  great  matter  were 
involved.  It  was  like  the  ancient  bat- 
tles of  light  and  darkness,  of  the  flesh 
and  spirit.  The  balloon,  impelled  by 
the  hot  air  within  it,  struggled  to  rise, 
while  the  tree  seemed  to  be  struggling 
to  hold  it  down  to  earth.  But  at  length, 
to  our  great  relief,  the  balloon  pulled 
free  and  rose  into  the  freedom  of  the 
upper  air,  sailing  on  and  up  until  it 
shone  like  a  star  in  the  far-off  sky. 
Picture,  I  thought  then,  as  often  since, 
of    the    greatest    experience    that    can 


come  into  a  human  life,  when  by  the 
indwelling  Spirit  of  God,  that  we  have 
admitted  to  our  hearts,  we  seek  to  rise 
from  the  earthly,  sensual,  devilish, 
often  to  be  caught  by  some  gust  01 
temptation  and  thrown  into  the  en- 
tangling branches  of  appetite,  lust  and 
greed.  But  if  we  hold  fast  to  the 
Spirit,  we  shall  pull  free  at  last,  and 
pursue  our  heavenward  way  onward 
and  upward,  not  by  any  outward  con- 
straint, whether  of  force  or  fear,  but 
of  the  innermost  preference  of  a 
transformed  nature.  Such  a  battle  in 
the  soul  Paul  describes  in  Romans  7 
and  8.  The  flesh  represents  our  entire 
human  nature  unregenerate.  While 
the  struggle  is  on,  human  nature 
wishes  to  do  the  thing  conscience  for- 
bids. Conscience  alone  is  not  strong 
enough  to  win,  and  presently  the  flesh 
is  on  top.  Then  conscience  cries  to 
Christ  for  reinforcement :  "Who  shall 
deliver  me?"  Christ  reinforces  con- 
science and  then  the  Spirit  is  on  top, 
and  body  and  mind  are  under  its  con- 
trol, as  in  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  triangle, 
and  the  soul  passes  through  the  tri- 
umphal arch  of  "the  blessed  eighth,'* 
exclaiming,  "The  law  of  the  Spirit  of 
life  hath  made  me  free!"  It  is  not 
any  external  circumstance  but  only 
"life"  and  "Spirit"  that  can  really 
make  us  free. 

Legalized  Mischief. 

Inasmuch  as  government's  chief 
function  is  to  protect  property  and 
life  and  character,  manifestly  it  should 
prohibit  a  traffic  which  at  best  is 
unnecessary,  and  which  in  its  total 
effect  greatly  increases  the  crimes 
which  government  is  bound  to  pre- 
vent, as  well  as  punish.  No  law 
absolutely  annihilates  an  evil,  but,  in 
the  words  of  Gladstone,  "Law  makes 
it  harder  to  do  wrong  and  easier  to  do 
right,"  Prohibition  in  its  various 
forms  does  that.  The  legalized  saloon, 
on  the  other  hand,  makes  it  as  easv 


i68 


JVorld  Book  of  Temperance. 


as  possible  to  do  wrong,  and  as  hard 
as  possible  to  do  right. 

Break  the  Chain. 

Four  young  men  were  riding  in  a 
Pullman  car,  chatting  merrily  to- 
gether. At  last  one  of  them  said, 
"Boys,  I  think  it's  time  for  drinks." 
Two  of  them  consented ;  the  other 
shook  his  head  and  said,  "No,  I  thank 
you."  "What !"  exclaimed  his  com- 
panion, "have  you  become  pious  ?  Are 
you  going  to  preach?  Do  you  think 
you  will  become  a  missionary?" 
"No,  fellows,"  he  replied,  "I  am  not 
specially  pious,  and  I  may  not  become 
a  missionary ;  but  I  have  determined 
not  to  drink  another  drop,  and  I  will 
tell  you  why.:  I  had  some  business  in 
Chicago  with  an  old  pawnbroker,  and 
as  I  stood  before  his  counter  talking 
about  it,  there  came  in  a  young  man 


about  my  age,  and  threw  down  upon 
the  counter  a  little  bundle.  When  the 
pawnbroker  opened  it  he  found  it  was 
a  pair  of  baby  shoes,  with  the  button- 
holes a  trifle  worn.  The  old  pawn- 
broker seemed  to  have  some  heart  left 
in  him,  and  he  said,  'Look  here,  you 
ought  not  to  sell  your  baby's  shoes  for 
drink.'  'Never  mind,  Cohen ;  baby  is 
at  home  dead,  and  does  not  need  the 
shoes.  Give  me  ten  cents  for  a  drink.' 
Now,  fellows,  I  have  a  wife  and  baby 
at  home  myself,  and  when  I  saw  what 
liquor  could  do  in  degrading  that  hus- 
band and  father,  I  made  up  my  mind 
that,  God  helping  me,  not  a  drop  of 
that  demoralizing  stuff  would  pass  my 
lips  again." 

Poison  and  death  the  cup  contains, 
Dash  to  the  earth  the  tempting  bowl ; 

Stronger  than  bars  and  iron  chains 
This  power  that  captive  leads  the  soul. 


See    Class    Pledge,    page    28S. 


y.fe  V 


K 


'/^V;^ 


DRINK. 


Le  Grain. 


[From   The  Tiitcrcollcniatc  Statesman,  Chicago,   May,  tO0S.\ 


THE    CHURCH    AND    THE     BAR-ROOM     AS     COMPETITORS     FOR 

YOUNG  MEN. 


The  more  the  church  learns  to  appreciate 
its  social  mission  in  the  community  and  to 
improve  the  conditions  which  are  a  menace 
to  its  work,  the  more  it  learns  that  the  bar- 
room is  it's  heaviest  competitor  for  men, 
especially  young  men.  It  has  seized  upon 
a  function  heretofore  largely  neglected  by 
the  church,  the  providing  of  the  means  and 
place  of  sociability  for  wage-earners,  young 
men  and  new  arrivals  in  tlie  cities.  The 
brewers  equip  immense  amusement  parks  at 
heavy  expense,  provide  the  games  and 
excitements  as  well  as  the  beer,  and  get  an 
attendance  of  thousands  every  evening  dur- 
ing the  Summer.  When  the  church  takes 
up  this  work,  as  it  is  now  beginning  to  do 
Y.  M.  C.  A.'s,  etc.,  the  saloon  becomes 
resentful  and  attempts  to  discredit  the 
church,  defame  its  ministers  and  counteract 
its  labors  to  win  men. 

The  bar-room  is  as  well,  if  not  better, 
equipped  for  handling  large  numbers  of 
men,  than  is  the  church.  Throughout  the 
country  there  are  236,000  places  where 
liquor  is  sold  openly'  as  compared  with  the 
207,707  churches  of  all  denominations.  In 
1906  the  total  number  of  liquor  dealers  was 
283,703'  and  the  ministers  of  all  churches, 
Protestant,  Catholic,  Jewish,  etc.,  was  159- 
.")0:j.'  Frequently  the  church  buildings  are 
grouped  together  in  the  better  parts  of  the 
cities  and  towns  and  are  hard  to  reach  by 
tho.se  who  need  their  help  most.  The  ten- 
dency of  the  brewers,  the  backers  of  the 
saloon,  on  the  other  hand,  is  to  establish  a 
grog  shop,  when  it  is  not  positively  excluded 
by  law,  in  every  separate  section  or  commu- 
nity where  it  can  possibly  support  itself  or 
create  a  new  trade  for  itself.  The  bar-room 
goes  where  the  people  are ;  the  church 
seems  to  expect  the  masses  to  accommodate 
themselves  to  it. 

Church  membership  increased  at  the  rate 
of  2.7  per  cent.,  while  the  increase  in  the 
consumption  of  liquors  was  10.35  per  cent. 
The  bar-room  runs  from  sixteen  to  twenty 
hours  per  day  for  six  or  seven  days  a 
week.  The  church  is  open  one  whole  day 
and  an  average  of  two  or  three  nights  more 
ca  h  veek. 

In  Boston  a  few  years  ago  careful  inves- 
tigation' showed  that  the  daily  patronage  of 
bar-rooms,  counting  "repeaters,"  visitors 
and  people  living  in  the  suburbs,  was  fifty 
per  cent,  of  the  total  popula:iin  of  the  city. 
They  spent  on  aii   average  ten   cents  each 


visit.  At  the  same  time  the  patronage  of 
all  such  institutions  as  may  properly  be 
regarded  as  furnishing  competiliun  with  the 
bar-room,  such  as  reading-rooms,  coffee- 
clubs,  and  lunch-rooms  not  intended  ex- 
clusively as  eating  places,  etc.,  was  76,268, 
also  including  "repeaters"  and  people  from 
out  of  town.  The  average  daily  attendance 
at  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  was  1,061.*  The  pro- 
portionate attendance  was  1  at  the  places 
free   from  alcohol   to  3.3   at  the  bar-rooms. 

In  Chicago  there  are  1,000  churches,  chap- 
els and  missions  of  all  kinds.  There  are, 
as  counter  attractions,  7,200  saloons;  ^the 
former  are  open  from  one  to  three  nights 
per  week  and  all  day  Sunday ;  the  latter 
run  from  fifteen  to  twenty-four  hours  a  day 
and  seven  days  in  the  week,  some  never 
closing  the  year  around.  If  the  average 
attendance  at  the  bar-rooms  is  the  same  as 
in  Boston,  that  is  fifty  per  cent,  of  the  total 
population,  and  there  is  no  reason  to  think 
it  lower,  there  are  1,000,000  visits  made 
daily  to  these  bar-rooms.  The  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
in  all  its  departments  shows  an  average 
daily  attendance  of  3.351,  including  repeat- 
ers and  men  who  live  in  the  suburbs. 

It  has  been  carefully  estimated^  that  of 
the  14,250,000  young  men  in  the  United 
States  between  the  ages  of  fifteen  and  thirty- 
five  9,059,000,  or  63.5  per  cent.,  never  attend 
church  at  any  time.  The  remaining  36.5  per 
cent,  includes  all  those  who  go  occasionally, 
merely  for  amusement,  as  well  as  the  mem- 
bers and  active  workers.  "It  is  safe  to  say 
that  ninety-five  per  cent,  of  the  young  men 
do  little  or  nothing  in  an  aggressive  way  to 
promote  the  organized  Christian  work  of 
the  churches."^  .  At  the  present  time  there 
are  not  fewer  than  16.000,000  young  men 
in  the  country,  of  which  10,160,000  never 
enter  a  church  door,  and  of  which  900.000 
constitute  the  actual  Christian  working 
force. 

In  marked  contrast  is  the  vast  number 
that  visit  bar-rooms,  some  regularly,  some 
only  occasionally.  It  is  not  confined  within 
a  single  million.  Figures  are  not  available, 
but  in  license  towns,  and  particularly  in  the 
larger  centres,  hundreds  may  be  found  in. 
drinking  places  to  one  in  the  churches,  the 
same  evening.  .\  prominent  secretary  in  the 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association'  says: 
"On  Sunday  evening,  Februarv  26,  1899,  a 
careful  count  was  made  of  the  men  in  a 
Madison  Street  saloon   (in  Chicago)    at  7 


170 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


o'clock.  The  number  was  524,  and  during 
the  next  two  hours  480  more  men  entered. 
At  one  of  the  bilHard  tables  young  men  six 
deep  on  all  sides  were  engaged  in  open  gam- 
bling. Private  stairways  connect  this  saloon 
with  the  vilest  theatre  in  the  city.  There_ 
are  3,000  billiard  and  pool  rooms  in  the  city," 
generally  adjacent  to  or  a  part  of  a  saloon." 
Another  secretary  reports  an  investigation 
of  fifteen  bar-rooms  in  Peoria,  111.,  in  which, 
on  a  Sunday  night,  875  young  men  were 
found  in  one  hour  and  fifteen  minutes.  How 
fifteen  ministers  in  that  city  would  have 
rejoiced  to  have  seen  those  875  able  fellows 
scattered  through  their  audiences ! 

The  fact  is  too  evident  to  be  avoided  that 
the  bar-room  has  a  stronger  hold  upon  the 
young  men  of  America  than  has  the  com- 
bined, force  of  all  the  churches.  Further,  it 
has  developed  and  is  developing  an  environ- 
ment from  which  it  is  more  difficult  to  lift 
men,  and  which  makes  them  less  useful 
after  they  are  reached.  "Environment 
affects  conversion  before  and  after." 

The  effect  of  the  presence  of  the  legalized 
bar-room  produces  a  dangerous  reaction 
upon  the  church  itself.  It  can  not  escape 
completely  the  demoralizing  ethical  effects 
of  the  liciuor  business  upon  the  spiritual 
condition  of  its  own  members  even  when  its 
voice  is  clear  and  decisive  against  it.  Since 
the  liquor  trade  is  a  part  of  current  social 


order  church  members  get  mixed  up  with 
it  in  every-day  business  relations,  social  con- 
nections and  especially  in  political  affairs. 
The  bar-room  maintains  its  position  largely 
because  of  its  licensed  respectability.  The 
effect  is  seen  in  the  halting  attitude  of  many 
congregations  toward  practical  anti-liquor 
work,  in  their  fear  of  radicalism,  in  a  sort 
of  chronic  horror  of  the  political  phases  of 
the  question,  in  decrease  in  spiritual  power 
and  influence  and  in  the  distaste  of  many 
strong  men  outside  of  the  church,  for  church 
relations  of  any  kind.  The  church  cannot 
realize  its  own  proper  place  of  usefulness  in 
the  community  while  the  bar-room  con- 
tinues to  be  a  competing  legal  institution. 
Scarcely  less  important  than  the  competition 
that  the  bar-room  offers  to  the  church  at 
home  is  the  way  in  which  the  liquor  traffic 
handicaps  its  missions  in  the  foreign  field." 

'American   Prohibition   Year   Book    (1908)    from 

Internal  Revenue  Reports. 
-Daily  News  Almanac   (l&OS)    from  Compilation 

of  Religious  Statistics,  by  Dr.  H.  K.  Carroll 

for  Christian  Advocate. 
^Peabody,   "Substitutes  for  the  Salcion,"   Forum, 

21,  595. 
*Y.  M.  C.  A.  Handbooks. 
"Cresscy,  "The  Church  and  Young  Men." 
"Oates.     "The     Religious     Condition     of     Young 

Men." 
'Paper    on    "Social    Forces    In    Action,"    by    J. 

Willjur   Messer,    General    Secretary,    Chicago 

Y.  M.  C.  A. 
^Crafts,  "Intoxicating  Drinks  and  Drugs." 


THE    REFORMER'S    PRAYER. 


Lord,  give  me  a  place  in  the  world's  great 
fight. 
The  fight  for  the  good  and  true ; 
A    place    where    the    wrong    outrivals    the 
right. 
And  there's  a  soldier's  work  to  do. 

First,  help  me  to  stifle  the  things  within. 

That  power  and  skill  unnerve ; 
Make  staunch  my  soul  in  the  face  of  sin, 

Nor  suffer  my  will  to  swerve. 

Then,    help    me    to    grapple    some    monster 
wrong, 

That  baffles  the  good  and  the  true, 
With  a  white-hot  heart  and  a  tireless  soul, 

And  a  far  hope  ever  in  view. 

Hold  fast  my  gaze  to  that  gleaming  height, 
Lest  urged  by  reproach  of  applause, 

I  battle  more  from  lust  of  fight 
That  love  of  a  Christ-like  cause. 


Yet  show  me  the  worth  of  the  next  small 
hill, 

As  well  as  the  distant  peak; 
Instruct  me  when  to  wait  and  be  still, 

And  when  to  stand  forth  and  speak. 

Give  patience.  Lord,  for  a  steady  trudge    . 

Through  the  league-long  dust  and  heat; 
And  a  dogged  faith  that  will  not  budge, 

Come  victory  or  defeat. 

Make  strong  my  heart,  and  tender  as  strong, 
Prayer-tempered  and  toned  for  the  fight ; 

With    love    for    the    man    whose   monstrous 
wrong 
I  loathe  and  must  dare  to  smite. 

And    when    with    earth    and    its    strife    I'm 
through, 
Let  me  leave  it  a  safer  place. 
With  a  clearer  field  for  the  good  and   the 
true. 
And  the  kingdom  of  Love  and  Grace. 

H.  H.  Barstow. 


The  Holy  Spirit  a  True  Stimulant* 


Ephesians  5 :  11-18. 


11  Have  no  fellowship  with  the  unfruitful 
works  of  darkness,  but  rather  even  reprove 
them ;  12  for  the  things  which  are  done  by 
them  in  secret  it  is  a  shame  even  t6  speak 
of.  13  But  all  things  when  they  are  reproved 
are  made  manifest  by  the  light :  for  every- 
thing that  is  made  manifest  is  light.  14 
Wherefore  he  saith,  Awake,  thou  that  sleep- 


est,  and  arise  from  the  dead,  and  Christ 
shall  s'hine  upon  thee.  15  Look  therefore 
carefully  how  ye  walk,  not  as  unwise,  but  as 
wise;  16  redeeming  the  time,  because  the 
days  are  evil.  17  Wherefore  be  ye  not 
foolish,  but  understand  what  the  will  of 
•the  Lord  is.  18  And  be  not  drunken  with 
wine,  wherein  is  riot,  but  be  filled  with  the 
Spirit. 


Golden  Text:    Be  not  drunken  ivith  wine,  wherein    is    riot;    but    he    filled    zvith    the 

Spirit. — Eph.   5  :   18. 


The  words  of  our  lesson  are  found 
in  a  letter  to  the  church  at  Ephesus. 
(See  Acts  i8,  19,  20;  Rev.  2:  1-7.) 
That  city  was  second  only  to  Rome  in 
grandeur.  It  was  the  capital  of  Asia 
Minor,  all  provinces  of  which  con- 
tributed to  building  its  great  Temple 
of  Diana,  one  of  the  seven  wonders 
of  the  world,  425  feet  long  by  220 
wide,  with  127  columns  sixty  feet 
high,  to  support  its  roof ;  built  of 
purest  marble,  that  glowed  like  a 
comet  in  the  blaze  of  the  sun,  as  seen 
from  the  Icarian  Sea  on  the  West. 
The  city  itself  was  like  an  amphi- 
theatre, with  mountains  on  the  other 
three  sides.  It  was  Asia  Minor's  cap- 
ital for  pleasure  as  well  as  religion, 
for  it  had  also  a  theatre  that  would  seat 
24,500.  There  was  also  a  stadium  or 
circus,  685  by  200  feet,  where  crim- 
inals, captives  and  martyrs  fought 
naked  with  wild  beasts  as  a  holiday 
diversion.  Paul's  remark  that  he 
had  "fought  with  beasts  at  Eph- 
esus" is  probably  a  reference  to  such 
a  conflict,  from  which  he  must  have 
escaped,  as  Daniel  did,  through  some 
Providential  interposition.  He  fought 
there  also  with  "still  more  savage 
men,"  savage  in  their  utter  selfishness 


though  boasting  of  their  culture. 
When  his  preaching  led  many  to  give 
up  the  worship  of  Diana,  so  that  the 
traffic  in  idols  and  shrines  fell  ofif, 
the  men  whose  evil  trafific  was  affected 
got  up  a  mob  and  tried  to  kill  him, 
all  of  which  reminds  us  of  the  liquor 
traffic  to-day,  as  the  utter  ruin  in 
which  the  once  prosperous  city  now 
lies  reminds  of  the  ruin  of  the  traffic's 
victims. 

Illwstration  and  Application. 

"Walk  in  love,  even  as  Christ"  (5: 
2).  All  through  this  lesson  light  and 
darkness  are  set  side  by  side.  We 
are  told  what  to  do,  as  well  as  what 
not  to  do.  The  keynote  of  the  chap- 
ter is,  "Be  imitators  of  God."  We 
are  urged  "to  walk  in  love"  and 
"light,"  and,  on  the  negative  side,  to 
have  no  fellowship  with  the  unfruit- 
ful works  of  darkness,  but  rather  "re- 
prove them."  There,  again,  is  the 
positive  note.  We  are  not  alone  to 
shun  evil,  we  are  also  to  "reprove' 
it,  to  battle  against  it ;  and  not  one 
form  of  evil  only,  but  all.  Every 
vice  may  appropriately  be  considered 
in  a  temperance  lesson,  for  they  are 
all  fostered  and  fattened  by  intoxi- 
cating drinks. 


172 

Fuddled  Brains. 

''Be  yc  not  foolish."  Repeatedly  in 
this  chapter,  as  in  Proverbs,  it  is  de- 
clared that  wrong-doing  is  foolish. 
as  well  as  wicked.  The  knave  is  a 
fool.  If  there  were  no  Heaven  or 
hell,  wrong-doing  would  still  be 
insane  folly,  for  it  destroys  health 
and  self-respect  and  home  peace  and 
the  priceless  jewel  of  reputation. 
Shakespeare   exclaims : 

Oh,  that  men  should  put  an  enemy  in  their 

mouths 
To  steal  away  their  brains ! 

A  Western  stage-driver,  who  was 
ofifered  a  flask  of  whiskey,  refused  in 
decided  tones:  "I  don't  drink.  I 
won't  drink.  I  don't  like  to  see  any- 
body drink.  I  am  of  the  opinion  of 
those  mountains.  Keep  your  top 
cool.  They've  got  snow,  and  I've  got 
brains :  that's  all  the  difierence." 

Rom  and  Riot. 

"Be  not  drunken  with  wine,  where- 
in is  riot."  Many  a  wine-drinker  tries 
to  persuade  himself  that  whisky  makes 
all  the  "riot,"  and  that  if  we  could 
only  get  everybody  to  substitute  wine 
there  would  be  little  drunkenness  or 
disorder.  But  France,  where  more 
wine  is  used  than  anywhere  else,  and 
home-made  wine  at  that,  also  drinks 
more  distilled  liquor  per  capita  than 
most  other  nations,  much  of  it  the  very 
worst  kind — absinthe.  In  1902,  the 
French  premier,  M.  Waldeck-Rous- 
seau,  said :  "The  scourge  of  alco- 
holism THREATENS  THE  VERY  EXIS- 
TENCE OF  THE  RACE." 

While  we  are  quoting  rulers,  let  us 
add  the  words  in  which  our  own  Ex- 
President  Roosevelt  has  described  the 
"riot"  that  comes  out  of  the  saloons : 
"The  liquor  business  tends  to  pro- 
duce criminality  in  the  population  at 
large,  and  law-breaking  among  the 
saloon-keepers  themselves."    Any  bcv- 


]\\vld  Book  of  Temperance. 


erage  containing  alcohol,  by  whatever 
name  called,  will  "make  the  drunk 
come,"  and  whatever  makes  drunk- 
enness  makes  disorder,  just  as  any 
flame,  whether  torch  or  slow  match, 
will  set  off  powder.  Speaking  of 
flame,  reminds  us  by  contrast  of  what 
Dr.  Joseph  Parker,  of  London,  re- 
cently said  :  "I  could  make  a  garden 
of  Eden  in  the  East  end  of  London 
in  three  months  if  I  had  my  own  way. 
I   should    do  nothing  but  burn  down 


THE   ANGEL  OF   TEMPERANCE. 

all  the  breweries,  and  shut  up  all  the 
publichouses." 

Burn-Jones,  the  great  artist,  has 
personified  "Temperance"  beautifully, 
as  a  woman  pouring  out  water  to  put 
out  a  fire  that  is  just  starting  at  her 
feet.  Let  it  retuind  mothers  and 
teachers  to  quench  the  fires  of  ap- 
petite in  their  homes  at  their  very  be- 
ginnings ;   aye,   better  to   prevent  the 


The  Holy  Spirit  a  True  Stiinnlaiif. 


^7:^ 


fires  of  appetite  from  startini^  by 
making  God's  wonderful  .q'ift,  water, 
the  favorite  beverage  of  llie  home. 
Speaking-  of  fire,  recalls  the  startlin,2: 
figures  of  loss  from  fires.  In  a  year 
these  losses  were  $[50,000,000  in  tlic 
.United  States.  Hut  more  tiian  ten 
times  as  much  is  annually  spent  in 
drink,  which,  in  turn,  destroys  another 
equal  sum  in  the  crmic  and  poverty 
expenses   caused   Ijy   it." 

In    1908,  at   the  annual   convention 
of    the    N'ational     Firemen's    Associa- 


THE    LIQUOR    DEALER    WARNS     THE    FARMER. 
-Xatioiml   Prohiljitioii    News. 

tion.  Chief  J.  R.  Canterbury,  of  Min- 
neapolis, said:  "We  are  burning  up 
six  hundred  thousand  dollars'  worth 
of  property  a  day.  Why?  The  man 
who  honestly  investigates  can  tell  the 
why  and  wherefore.  Overinsurance 
is  one  of  the  crimes  of  the  century." 
As  the  fires  are  mostly  chargeable  to 
greed,  so  are  the  fires  of  appetite. 
It  is  not  because  of  any  natural 
human  craving  for  drink  in  the  buyer, 
but  mainly  because  there  are  so  manv 
men  in  town  whose  cupidity  prompts 
them  to  induce  others  to  drink,  that 


so  many  are  led  to  drink.  Prohibi- 
tion does  not  aim  to  forbid  drinking, 
but  chiefly  to  eliminate  the  element 
of  cupidity.  That  is  not  accom- 
plished by  making  the  selling  of  liquor 
a  state  function  with  salaried  officers, 
for  this  government  ownership  scat- 
ters the  cupidity  from  a  few  liquor 
sellers  to  as  many  office  holders  and 
a  multitude  of  tax   payers. 

Here  it  is  appropriate  to  call  atten- 
tion to  the  liquor  sellers'  challenge  to 
the  farmers:  'Tf  distillers  and  brew- 
ers were  not  allowed  to  buy  your 
grain,  what  would  you  do?"  When 
Mr.  Dan  Voorhees,  of  Indiana,  asked 
that  question  of  a  crowd  of  Hoosier 
farmers,  one  of  them  shouted :  "We 
would  make  more  hogs  and  less 
hell.."  The  fact  is  that  much  more 
grain  than  is  used  for  liquors  would 
be  bought  when  the  poverty  thus 
produced  was  eliminated  to  feed  the 
half-starved  families  of  drinking  men. 
The  farmers  would  get  five  hundred 
million  dollars  (one  hundred  million 
pounds)  more  for  raw  materials — 
for  wool  and  wood  and  cotton  and 
grain  and  leather,  if  the  billion  and 
a  half  dollars  spent  in  the  United 
States  for  drink  were  used  for  the 
comforts  of  life  instead  of  its  cruel- 
ties  and   curses. 

But  let  us  return  to  our  idea  that 
greed  of  gain  starts  the  fires  that  de- 
stroy property  and  life  and  character. 
Not  alone  property,  but  life  is  de- 
stroyed by  the  drink.  Recently,  a 
mother  in  a  drunken  stupor  was  Iving 
on  a  lounge  in  her  wretched  home, 
while  her  neglected  children  plaved 
with  the  fire.  The  baby's  dress 
caught  fire,  and  it  was  burned  to 
death  because  the  mother  was  too 
drunk  to  heed  its  cry  for  help. 

She  was  committed  to  the  House 
of  Correction,  but  the  traffic  that 
produces  such  tragedies  in  thousands 
of  homes  of  poor  and  rich  was  left 
undisturbed.       In    Jacksonville,  Flor- 


174 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


HOW    AMERICANS    DIVIDE    THEIR 
EXPENDITURES. 


Foreign  Missions  I 

Salaries  of  Ministers  M 

Furniture  WW 

I^ublic  Education  H^l 

Sugar  and  Molasses  I 

Woolen  Goods 

Boots  and  Shoes  I 

Cotton  Goods  I 

Sawed  Lumber  I 

Iron  and  Steel  ^ 

Bread  1 

Tobacco  HH 


Intoxicating  Liquors, 


ida,  148  city  blocks  were  burned,  mak- 
ing 10,000  people  homeless  and  blot- 
ting out  $15,000,000  of  property— all 
due  to  a  defective  electric  light  wire, 
a  break  of  a  fraction  of  an  inch— a 
suggestion  of  the  ruin  wrought  in 
many  a  life  by  one  slight  breaking 
away   from  right  doing. 

Spiritual  or  Spirituous? 

''Be  Med  with  the  spirit."  Here 
the  spiritual  is  set  off  against  the 
spirituous.  What  comes  out  of  the 
wine  glass — riot,  ruin,  untruth,  loss 
of  soul — is  in  dark  contrast  to  what 
comes  to  us  if  we  welcome  for  our 
stimulation  the  Holy  Spirit,  who  gives 
peace,  happiness,  truthfulness,  eternal 
life.  The  wine  develops  the  animal 
in  us  downward.  The  Holy  Spirit 
develops  the  angel  in  us  upward. 
A^ery  appropriately  ancient  drinking 
cups  were  the  heads  or  horns  of  beasts, 
to  which  reference  is  still  made  when 
one  speaks  of  "taking  a  horn."  The 
drink  does  indeed  make  the  drinker 
beastly,  and  not  infrequently  he  is 
tossed'  on  the  horn.  Among  pur 
rough  barbarian  ancestors  in  ancient 
Europe,  it  was  considered  a  sign  of 
weakness  not  to  swallow  a  pint  or  so 
of  their  fiery  drinks  at  a  gulp,  and 
so  when  glasses  came  to  be  used  they 
were  so  made  that  they  would  not 
stand,  giving  us  the  word  "tumbler," 
that  is  still  appropriate,  if  no  longer 
to  the  glass,  at  least  to  the  man  who 
uses  it. 


From  the  earliest  times  men  have 
noted,  in  prose  and  poetry,  how  drink 
makes  man  a  beast.  There  is  a  legend 
that  when  Noah  was  planting  a  vine- 
yard, Satan  watered  the  roots  with 
the  blood  of  an  ape,  a  lion  and  a  hog, 
and  that  consequently  those  who  drink 
wine  first  act  like  silly  apes,  rhen  like 
fierce  lions,  then  like  wallowing  pigs. 
Drink  awakens  a  whole  menagerie  of 
animals  in  man's  lower  nature.  The 
image  of  God  gives  place  to  the  mark 
of  the  beast. 

A  lovely  little  Christian  girl  of 
eleven  years,  who  went  from  New 
York  to  live  on  a  Western  ranch,  was 
greatly  pained  by  the  swearing  and 
drinking  and  Sabbath-breaking  of  the 
cowboys,  and  so  planned  a  little  alle- 
gorical dialogue  for  the  big  kitchen 
on  Sunday  evening,  to  which  they  all 
came.  She  had  trained  her  brother 
Frank  and  her  little  sisters  to  take 
the  various  parts.  One  represented 
the  soul,  another  an  evil  spirit,  and  a 
third  the  good  spirit.  There  were 
scenes  of  temptation,  the  evil  spirit 
enticing  the  soul  to  do  wrong,  while 
the  good  spirit,  on  the  other  side,  be- 
sought the  soul  to  do  right.  At  last 
right  triumphed,  and  Christine,  the 
little  manager,  sang : 

A  soul  is  won !    a  soul  is  won ! 

There  were  tears  in  the  eyes  and 
quickened  home  memories  in  the 
hearts  of  the  cowboys  that  night,  and 
let  us  hope  some  of  them  became  vic- 
tors over  their  temptations,  and  ac- 
cepted the  spirit  of  love  in  place  of 
the  spirit  of  woe.  In  the  old  days, 
when  many  more  than  now  in  the 
churches  used  to  drink,  the  cellar 
of  a  church  was  used  to  store  liquors, 
which  prompted  this  appropriate 
rhyme : 

There  are  spirits  above  and  spirits  below. 
The  spirits  of  love  and  the  spirits  of  woe;. 
The  spirits  below  are  the  spirits  of  wine, 
The  Spirit  above  is  the  Spirit  divine. 


\ 


The    Holy    Spirit    a    True    Stimulant. 


The  Spirit  above,  that  has  at  last 
made  it  ini])ossible  to  rent  church  cel- 
lars for  the  storage  of  liquors,  will 
some  clay  make  it  seem  as  absurd  for 
a  Christian  to  store  liquors  in  the  more 
sacred  temple  of  his  body.  "Your 
body  is  the  temple  of  the  Holy  Spirit." 
"If  any  man  defile  tlie  temjile  of  God, 
him  shall  God  destroy"  (  i  Cor.  3 : 
16,  17;  6:  19).  That  bcautifid  temple 
of  Diana,  containing  a  statue  of  the 
goddess  said  to  have  fallen  from 
Heaven,  was  burned  by  vandal  hands. 
Greater  yet  is  his  crime  who  by  kind- 
ling passion  with  alcohol  destroys  in 
himself  the  image  of  God  and  the 
temple  of  the  Holy  Spirit. 

Total  Abstinence  the  Only  Cure. 

The  lesson  text  does  not  explicitly 
teach  total  abstinence,  w-hich  we  be- 
lieve is  the  only  cure  for  mtemper- 
ance,  but  it  is  taught  in  the  imperative 
mood  in  i  Thess.  5 :  22,  "Abstain 
from  every  form  of  evil"  (Revision). 
Is  it  not  an  "evil"  to  use  as  a  bever- 
age a  poison  which  harms,  even  when 
it  does  not  intoxicate,  and  harms 
others  by  example  if  not  otherwise? 
We  are  not  permitted  to  indulge  in 
an  "evil''  moderately,  but  must  shun 
it  altogether.  Here  is  sure  ground  for 
the  pledge  of  total  abstinence.  Surely, 
when  fifty-one  per  cent,  of  a  repre- 
sentative list  of  employers  require  total 
abstinence  of  their  emplovees  when 
on  duty  (see  Annual  Report  Bureau  of 
Labor,  1897),  and  when  the  German 
Emperor  is  recognizing  this  as  one 
reason  why  American  trade  is  out- 
running that  of  Europe  even  in  their 
own  markets,  the  churches  ought  not 
to  be  doing  less  for  abstinence  in  be- 
half of  the  higher  interests  of  religion 
andi  Christian  citizenship.  Andrew 
Carnegie  has  recently  said,  "No  rule 
that  a  man  can  adopt  will  bring  him 
greater  reward  than  this — to  abstain 
absolutely    from    alcoholic    drink." 

A  bright  boy,  who  had  been  taught 


175 

the  nature  of  strong  drink,  and  had 
promised  never  to  use  it,  one  day  vis- 
ited a  rich  uncle  who  was  not  a  tee- 
totaler. He  offered  the  boy  a  glass  of 
wine,  which  he  declined.  Wishing  to 
see  how  far  he  could  be  tempted,  he 
urged  the  boy  to  drink,  and  finally 
offered  him  the  gift  of  a  watch  if 
he  would  drink.  He  declined,  saying : 
"Please  don't  tempt  me;  if  I  keep  a 
teetotaler,  I  can  some  day  buy  a  watcii 
of  my  own  ;  l)ut  if  I  drink  and  take 
your  watch,  I  may  later  on  have  to 
pawn  it  to  get  bread." 

Let  us  abstain  most  of  all  because 
God  commands  it,  but  also  for  our 
brother's  sake,  who  may  be  harmed 
by  our  example  (i  Cor.  8:  13),  and 
for  our  own  sake.  Let  us  adopt  some 
family  or  class  pledge  as  a  shield 
against  temptation.  Here  is  one  that 
was  in  the  childhood  home  of  that 
famous  temperance  worker,  the  late 
Miss  Frances  E.  Willard : 

A  pledge  we  make,  no  wine  to  take, 
Nor  brandy  red  that  turns  the  head, 
•     Nor  fiery  rum  that  ruins  home. 
Nor  whiskey  hot  that  makes  the  sot, 
Nor  brewers'  beer,  for  that  we  fear, 
And  cider,  too,  will  never  do ; 
To   quench  our  thirst   we'll   always   bring 
Cold  water  from  the  well  or  spring; 
So  here  we  pledge  perpetual  hate 
To  all  that  can  intoxicate. 

The  Best  Liquor. 

"Give  us  a  glass  of  your  best 
liquor,"  said  a  drunkard,  as  he  en- 
tered a  shop.  The  shopkeeper  filled 
a  glass  and  gave  it  to  him.  The  toper, 
without  noticing  it,  dashed  it  down 
his  throat.  He  soon  began  to  taste 
and  taste,  seemingly  not  exactly  sat- 
isfied. 

"What's  the  matter?"  said  the  shop- 
keeper; "wasn't  it  good?" 

"Why,  yes,  it  was  good  enough,  but 
it  seems  to  me  it  wasn't  verv  strong. 
What  kind  of  liquor  was  it?" 

"Cold  water,"  was  the  replv ;  "that's 
the  best  liquor  we  have  in  the  shop. 


176 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


and  I  believe  it  is  the  best  in  town. 
As  for  any  other  kind  we  have  not  got 
any,  for  I  left  off  selling  strong  drink 
some  time  ago.  So  you've  saved  your 
money,  and  you'll  feel  better  for  it 
afterward." 

"Well,"  said  the  toper,  "if  this  isn't 
a  regular  take-in :  but  I  believe  it,  sir, 
you're  right.  And,  as  you  don't 
charge  anything  for  your  liquor,  I 
have  a  good  mind  to  be  your  cus- 
tomer and  see  if  I  can't  get  rid  of  my 
headache  and  sore  eyes." 

In  a  British  village  once  a  year  the 
children  dress  up  all  the  wells  _  m 
flowers  and  evergreens,  and  twine 
garlands  and  wreaths  all  around 
them.  A  long  time  ago  for  weeks 
there  was  no  water  in  all  the  country- 
side except  in  this  village.  The  peo- 
ple were  so  glad,  they  decorated 
every  well  with  flowers,  and  now 
once  every  year  they  do  it  still,  to 
show   that'  they  are  thankful  to  God. 

In  this  lesson  about  temperance  and 
about  the  Holy  Spirit,  it  is  appropri-_ 
ate  to  recall  that  the  Spirit  Divine 
is  not  compared  to  wine  but  to  water. 
God's  promise  is,  "I  will  pour  water 
on  him  that  is  thirsty"  (Isa.  44:  3). 

One  of  the  great  purposes  for 
water  is  to  cleanse.  How  much  we 
see  in  our  lives  we  should  like  to  have 
cleansed  away ! 

"Then  will  I  sprinkle  clean  water 
upon  you,  and  }c  shall  be  clean" 
(Ezek.'  36:  25),  the  Lord  says;  and 
as  the  water  cleanses  it  makes  the  life 
fruitful  and  beautiful,  and  we  in  turn 
can  be  channels  to  carry  the  water 
of  life  to  others.  To  be  a  good  tem- 
perance worker  one  needs  to  "be  filled 
with  the  Spirit." 

Channels  onlv.  Iilesscd  Master, 
But  with  all  Thy  wondrous  power 

Flowing  through  us,  Thou  canst  use  us 
Every  day  and  every  hour. 


Water  Power. 

A  new  significance  is  given  to  the 
old  term  "water  power"  when  we 
read  how  water  is  used  to  remove 
mountains  in  California.  Great  water 
cannons  fire  concentrated  stieams  of 
water  with  such  force  as  to  cut  ofif  a 
mountain  to])  iri  a  short  while  as 
sharply  as  a  loaf  of  bread.  Before 
tlie  discharge  of  this  water  cannon 
huge  rocks  give  way,  and  the  moun- 
tains are  brought  low  and  the  val- 
leys filled  up,  as  Ijefore  the  ancient 
herald  who  was  preparing  a  highway 
for  the  king ;  only  what  was  done 
slowly  then  by  vast  personal  labor,  is 
now  done  swiftly.  As  man  learns 
better  how  to  use  the  forces  of  Om- 
nipotence, so  "the  reform  wave,"  the 
union  of  the  cold  water  forces,  enlist- 
ing God's  omnipotence,  is  sweeping 
away  the  seemingly  insurmountable 
obstacles   to  woidd-wide   prohibition. 

However   the  battle   is   ended, 

Though  proudly  the  victory  comes 
With  fluttering  flags  and  prancing  nags 

And  cAoing  rolls  of  drums. 
Still   truth   proclaims   this   motto 

In   letters   of   living   light  — 
No   question    is    ever   settled 

Until  it  is  settled  right. 

Though    the    heel    of   the    strong   oppressor 

May   grind   the    weak   in   the   dust. 
And   the   voices  of  fame    with  one   acclaim 

May  call  him  the  great  and  just. 
Let  those  w'ho   applaud  take  warning 

.^nd  keep  this  motto  in  sight, 
No  question   is   ever  settled 

Until  it  is  settled  right. 

Let  those  who  have  failed    take  courage, 

Though  the  enemy  seemed   to  have   won, 
Though   his    ranks    arc    strong   if   he   be   in 
t<he   wrong. 

The  battle  is  not  yet  done, 
For  sure  as  the  morning  follows 

The  darkest  hour  of  the  night 
No  question  is  ever  settled 

Until  it  is  settled  right. 

Ella   Wheeler  Wilcox. 


PROHIBITION. 

[Article  by  Dr.  Wilbur  F.  Crafts  in  Cyclopedia  of  Teinporaiue  aiul   rrohihition,   Revised.] 


Prohibition,  the  opposite  of  permission, 
i.s  not  a  synonym  of  annihilation.  Those 
who  say,  "Prohibition  does  not  prohibit" — 
a  self-contradictory  proposition — mean  that 
Piohibition  does  not  annihilate.  This  is 
manifestly  true  of  all  kinds  of  prohibitions 
in  this  world— those  of  the  divine  govern- 
ment, of  family  government  and  of  civil 
government  alike.  Prohibition  does  not 
annihilate,  not  even  when  it  forbids  murder, 
adultery,  theft,  false  witness  and  Sunday 
work.  If  a  threefold  alliance  of  man, 
woman  and  the  devil,  to  break  a  prohibitory 
law  and  then  hide  away  from  justice,  proves 
the  law  a  "blunder,''  what  is  to  be  said  of 
that  first  prohibition,  given  to  man  by  God 
himself,  in  Eden?  If  Prohibition  is  a  "fail- 
ure" when  it  does  not  at  once  destroy  the 
evils  which  it  forbids,  then  the  prohibitory 
law  of  Sinai  is  the  masterpiece  of  failures. 

Prohibition  does  not  define  accomplish- 
ment, but  only  the  aim  and  attitude  of  gov- 
ernment toivard  zvrong.  License  is  a  pur- 
chased truce — sometimes  a  surrender;  Pro- 
hibition is  a  declaration  of  war.  License  is 
an  edict  of  toleration — sometimes  a  certifi- 
cate of  "good  moral  character ;"  Prohibi- 
tion is  a  proclamation  of  outlawry.  As  mur- 
der, adultery,  theft,  false  witness  and  politi- 
cal corruption  are  outlawed,  the  ringleader 
of  this  "gang"  ought  also  to  be  outlawed. 
The  first  requisite  of  law  is  justice.  A  law 
that  sanctions  wrong  is  not  law  at  all  but 
legislative  crime.  It  is  not  "public  senti- 
ment" but  public  conscience  out  of  which 
law  should  be  quarried.  Law  is  an  educa- 
tor. Duelling  and  smuggling  and  liquor- 
selling  were  once  in  the  "best  society.'' 
Gradually  the  law  has  made  them  disrep- 
utable. Rumselling  in  Maine  is  a  sneaking 
fugitive,  like  counterfeiting — not  dead  but 
disgraced,  and  so  shorn  of  power. 

Prohibition  of  the  liquor  traffic  is  more 
than  a  standard  or  a  ilag  to  mark  the 
height  to  which  we  are  marching.  No  other 
kind  of  prohibition  has  had  greater  victo- 
ries. In  Maine  children  grow  up  without 
ever  seeing  a  drunken  man.  In  Kansas  the 
law  against  the  bar-room  is  as  effective  as 
the  law  against  the  brothel  or  the  burglar. 
To  this  fact  testify  a  glorious  company  of 
witnesses — governors,  senators,  congress- 
men, pastors,  physicians,  manufacturers — 
against  whose  evidence  scarcely  a  witness 
can  be  brought  in  rebuttal  except  "anony- 
mous."    The  liquor  dealers  have  saved   us 


the  trouble  of  summing  up  this  testimony. 
Their  statement  that  "more  liquor  is  con- 
sumed under  Prohibition"  than  without  it 
is  canceled  by  actions  that  speak  louder 
than  words  by  frantic  efforts,  at  great  cost, 
to  defeat  Prohibition  wherever  it  is  pro- 
posed. If  while  canceling  their  license  fees 
it  really  increased  their  sales  and  so  gave 
them  double  gains,  as  they  are  sometimes 
able  to  make  even  Christians  believe,  they 
would  hardly  fight  so  helpful  a  friend. 
The  argument  for  Prohibition  may  be  con- 
cisely stated  in  four  propositions,  the  four 
strands  of  the  halter  with  which  the  rum 
traffic  is  to  be  hung : 

1.  The  business  interests  of  our  country 
demand  the  suppression  of  their  worst  foe 
— the  bar-room. 

2.  The  homes  of  our  country  demand  the 
suppression  of  their  worst  foe — the  bar- 
room. 

3.  The  political  liberty  of  our  country 
demands  the  suppression  of  its  worst  foe 
— the  bar-room. 

4.  The  conscience  of  the  country  demands 
that  the  attitude  of  Government  toward  this 
foe  of  business,  home  and  liberty,  as  toward 
other  foes  of  the  public  good,  shall  be  one 
of  uncompromising  hostility. 

The  prohibiting  of  maddening  poison  is 
not  a  "sumptuary  law,"  that  is,  a  law 
against  luxury,  but  rather  a  law  to  promote 
luxury,  to  give  every  year  to  the  impover- 
ished families  of  those  who  waste  their 
money  for  drink,  in  place  of  it,  more  than 
a  billion  dollars'  worth  of  pianos,  books, 
pictures,  and  other  comforts  of  life.  Prohi- 
bition is  consistent  with  liberty  in  the  same 
way  as  fire  escapes  and  quarantines  are.  A 
prohibitory  liquor  law  is  a  law  for  the  pro- 
motion of  commerce,  for  the  protection  of 
labor,  for  the  prevention  of  cruelty  and 
crime,  for  the  preservation  of  health  and 
home  and  liberty.  The  capital  that  is 
invested  in  the  liquor  business,  if  invested 
in  legitimate  forms  of  trade,  would  give 
employment  to  a  million  and  a  half  more 
people  than  are  now  employed  by  it.  This 
added  number  of  workers  would  be  needed 
in  mills  and  shops  if  the  money  spent  for 
drink  were  turned  into  those  channels  of 
trade  where  there  is  a  "fair  exchange''  and 
"no  robbery."  Not  only  life  but  liberty 
itself  is  menaced  by  alcohol.  In  the  words 
of  the  Catholic  Review,  "There  is  nothing 
fanciful  in  the  assertion  that  in  most  of  the 


178 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


large  cities  the  saloon-keeping  interest  has 
as  much  representation  in  the  Common 
Council  as  have  all  other  interests  combined 
— that  is  to  say,  the  minority  in  numbers, 
intelligence  and  decency  governs  the  major- 
ity in  most  of  our  large  cities."  This 
"spoils  system''  of  the  liquor  trade  should 
be  attacked  by  civil  service  reformers  if 
they  would  cure  political  corruption  at  the 
root.  Not  alone  examination  of  office-seek- 
ers but  also  extermination  of  these  office- 
brokers  of  the  liquor  trade  is  needed.  Mu- 
nicipal reformers  should  also  learn  that  it 
is  not  so  much  by  a  change  in  the  mayor's 
office  as  by  a  change  from  license  to  no- 
license  that  city  politics  is  to  be  purified.  If 
our  city  politics  is  in  slavery  to  the  bar- 
rooms to-day,  when  the  States  are  able  to 
restrain  them  by  their  yeoman  majorities  in 
the  legislatures,  what  of  the  time  when  the 
cities  shall  have  the  majority  of  our  voters? 
In  1920,  at  the  present  rate  of  growth,  cities 
of  above  8,000  inhabitants  will  have  a  clear 
majority  of  the  voters  of  the  country.  The 
peril  is  not  even  so  far  off  as  that,  for  the 
cities  have  to-day  a  power  out  of  propor- 
tion to  their  numbers  as  compared  with 
country  districts,  because  their  forces  are 
more  concentrated  and  better  organized. 
And  besides  this,  the  liquor  traffic  has  car- 
ried city  corruption  into  the  country,  except 


where   no-license    or    some    other    form    of 
Prohibition  has  barred  the  way. 

The  Journal  of  Chemistry  has  shown  that 
the  dangerous  exceptions  made  in  prohib- 
itory liquor  laws  for  the  use  of  alcoholic 
drinks  as  medicines  are  unnecessary,  since 
science  has  safer  substitutes  for  every  med- 
icinal need  (see  my  Temperance  Century, 
p.  87).  It  is  also  to  be  remembered  that 
the  passion  for  alcohol  is  not  a  natural  pas- 
sion like  sexuality,  but  wholly  artificial, 
making  it  an  evil  like  piracy  and  slavery 
that  may  be  wholly  obliterated.  It  may  not 
be  wise  to  prohibit  any  but  the  beverage  use 
of  alcohol  until  a  generation  of  physicians, 
intelligent  enousrh  to  doctor  without  this 
dynamite  has  been  educated  to  that  end,  but 
the  goal  which  we  should  set  before  us 
should  include  the  final  elimination  of  the 
whiskey-selling  drug-store. 


The  only  statistics  needed  to  prove  that 
Prohibition  reduces  the  consumption  and  so 
the  consequences  of  liquor  selling  are: 
First,  that  liquor  sellers  fight  it  harder  than 
any  other  restrictive  law;  and,  second,  that 
after  centuries  of  experiments  with  this  and 
other  plans,  temperance  experts  and  the 
people  generally  are  endorsing  it  on  a 
larger  scale  than  ever  before.     (See  p.  57.) 


INTERNATIONAL  PROHIBITION. 


Moral  reform  is  no  longer  a  local  issue. 
Even  "local  option"  cannot  take  effect  in  a 
city  of  the  United  States  without  authori- 
zation by  the  State ;  and  even  State  liquor 
laws  cannot  have  full  effect  until  Congress 
removes  the  federal  shield  of  interstate  com- 
merce from  illegal  liquor  sellers.  Inter- 
national Prohibition  has  been  applied  by 
seventeen  nations  to  the  Congo  Free  State, 
in  defense  of  markets  as  well  as  morals, 
because  of  the  "material  and  moral  injury 
wrought  by  the  liquor  traffic  among  native 
races."*  More  recently  all  nations  having 
treaty  relations  with  China  have  agreed  to  a 
prohibition  of  the  importation  of  morphia 
(it  should  have  included  all  forms  of  opium) 
info  that  countrj';,  except  guardedly  for 
medicinal  uses  (p.  86).  The  supreme 
obstacle  to  the  success  of  China's  anti- 
opium  decrees  at  this  writing  (April,  1909) 
is  that  China  cannot  control  imports  by 
British  and  French  merchants  but  only  the 

*Fiill  pnrtirulars  of  this  crusade  in  "Intoxi- 
cntincr    Drinks    and    Drugs    in   All   Times    and 

Lnuds,"  p.  280. 


opium  trade  of  the  Chinese,  a  difficulty  that 
must  be  overcome,  if  not  by  international 
law,  by  international  public  sentiment.  The 
writer  was  an  unofficial  delegate  in  1906  to 
an  International  Conference  on  the  White 
Slave  Traffic,  in  Paris,  which  confirmed  and 
strengthened  and  added  the  sanction  of  the 
United  States  to  international  prohibition  of 
immoral  traffic  in  girls  decreed  by  a  preced- 
ing conference  of  European  powers  in  1904. 
The  greatest  thing  before  the  world  that 
can  be  done  is  the  proposal,  drawn  by  the 
International  Reform  Bureau  and  adopted 
by  the  United  States  Senate  and  ex-Presi- 
dent Roosevelt,  and  communicated  by  him 
to  the  Brussels  Conference  on  Liquors  in 
Africa  in  1906,  that  all  civilized  powers  shall 
by  treaty  unitedly  prohibit  the  sale  of  all 
intoxicating  drinks  and  drugs  to  all  the 
uncivilized  races  of  the  world.  We  suggest 
Japan  call  a  Conference  of  Nations  to  pro- 
tect new  markets  of  the  Pacific  islands — 
perhaps  all  native  races — against  the  white 
man's  rum  and  opium.  Send  resolutions 
to  that  end  to  Foreign  Office. 


Why  Abstain? 

1  Thess.  5:   14-25. 


14  And  we  exhort  you,  brethren,  admon- 
ish the  disorderly,  encourage  the  faint- 
hearted, support  the  weak,  be  longsuffering 
toward  all.  15  See  that  none  render  unto 
any  one  evil  for  evil ;  but  always  follow 
after  that  which  is  good,  one  toward 
another,  and  toward  all.  16  Rejoice 
always;  17  pray  without  ceasing;  18  in 
everything  give  thanks  :  for  this  is  the  will 
of  God   in    Christ   Jesus    to   you-ward.     19 


Quench  not  the  Spirit;  20  despise  not 
prophesyings;  21  prove  all  things;  hold 
fast  that  which  is  good ;  22  abstain  from 
every  form  of  evil. 

23  And  the  God  of  peace  himself  sanctify 
you  wholly ;  and  may  your  spirit,  soul  and 
body  be  preserved  entire,  without  blame  at 
the  coming  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ.  24 
Faithful  is  he  that  calleth  you,  who  will 
also  do  it.     25    Brethren,    pray   for   us. 


Golden  Text:    Abstain  from  every  form  of  evil. — "i  Thess.  5:  22. 


In  this  lesson  we  will  consider  not 
the  fragment  of  Paul's  teaching  as  to 
abstinence,  but  summarize  his  whole 
message  on  this  great  question. 

I.  Paul  teaches  temperance,  that  is, 
moderation,  in  good  things  (Philip  4: 
5),  hut  total  abstinence  "from  every 
form  of  evil"  (i  Thess.  5:  22).  We 
must  therefore  abstain  not  only  from 
drinking  but  also  from  licensing  in- 
toxicating beverages  (2  Cor.  6:  7). 
"Touch  not  the  unclean  thing,"  Paul 
bids  us  "lay  aside"  not  only  what  we 
know  to  be  "sin,"  but  everything  that 
would  be  even  a  "weight"  to  hinder 
our  progress  in  character  or  achieve- 
ment (Heb.  12:  I,  2). 

What  two  evils  are  most  closely 
allied  to  intoxicating  beverages?  Im- 
purity and  gambling.  We  do  not 
speak  of  "moderation"  in  these  evils. 
No  more  should  we  of  "temperate" 
use  of  poisonous,  intoxicating  bever- 
ages, that  promote  impurity,  and  are 
closely  allied  to  gambling  dens.  The 
divine  commandment,  "Abstain  from 
every  form  of  evil,"  certainly  requires 
total  abstinence  from  impurity  and 
gambling.  Does  not  that  divine  com- 
mand equally  require  us  to  have  no 
part  in  either  the  drink  habit  or  the 
drink  traffic?  He  who  sells  intoxi- 
cants can  do  so  only  by  permission  of 
the  official  who  grants  his  license ; 
and  the  official  can  act  only  by  author- 


ity of  the  voters.  As  the  king  in  old 
countries  holds  the  title  to  all  lands 
as  universal  landlord  and  exacts  a 
rental  that  comes  to  be  called  tribute, 
so  "the  Sovereign  People"  is  the  uni- 
versal landlord  in  a  republic,  and  his 


Permission  Patriotic  Post   Card   Co.,  Saginaw, 
Mich. 
(Words  on  hand  are  our  own.) 
So  long  as  In  this  land  tlie  Saloon  Is  "legal- 
ized"  every   hand  that  keeps  the  license  there 
is  stained  hy   the  blood  of  all   those   who   are 
victims  of  Its  Iniquity. — Bishop  Luther  B.  Wilson. 


[8o 


World  Book  of  Tcmpcranc<?. 


tribute  is  a  tax.  We  are  all  there- 
fore landlords  and  partners  of  the 
liquor  dealers  whenever  we  license  or 
tax,  instead  of  prohibiting  this  social 
curse.  To  abstain  from  this  evil 
surely  implies  keeping  not  alone  our 
lips,  but  also  our  hands  clean  of  its 
stain.  Will  any  one  deny  that  the 
drink  system  as  it  exists  to-day  is  a 
"form  of  evil?"  Whatever  one  might 
say  about  a  single  glass,  is  not  the 
liquor  traffic  as  a  whole,  which  was 
truly  characterized  by  Gladstone  as 
more  harmful  than  war,  pestilence  or 
famine,  a  "form  of  evil?"  We  can- 
not then  escape  the  application  to  it 
of  Neal  Dow's  unanswerable  syllo- 
gism :  "No  man  has  a  right  to  do 
anything  which,  if  the  whole  world 
followed  his  example,  as  some  are 
sure  to  do,  would  produce  more  harm 
than  good." 

The  churches  generally  treat  the 
sale  of  intoxicating  beverages  as  a 
"sin"  by  debarring  liquor  sellers  from 
church  membership.  Are  the  men 
whose  patronage  keeps  up  the  saloon 
free  from  its  guilt?  Or  those 
through  whom  it  is  licensed?  If  you 
deny  that  drinking,  or  voting  for  those 
who  will  license  the  sale  of  intoxi- 
cants is  a  "sin,"  will  you  deny  that 
participation  in  the  drink  system  is  a 
"weight"  that  will  hinder  your  prog- 
ress in  character  and  usefulness,  and 
which  therefore  we  are  commanded 
to  "lay  aside"?  We  may  not  inno- 
cently even  put  a  stumbling  block  by 
our  habits  in  the  path  of  others  who 
race  at  our  side  (i  Cor.  8:  13). 

Reasons    for   Total    Abstinence    and 
Prohibition. 

I.  Total  abstinence  is  best  for  the 
body.  Paul's  words  about  "weights" 
and  "stumbling,"  both  references  to 
the  famous  Greek  races,  bring  us  to 
the  first  reason  for  total  abstinence, 
namely,  that  is  the  best  plan  for   the 


body  (i  Cor.  9:  24-27).  "Every 
man  that  striveth  for  the  mastery  is 
temperate  in  all  things."  Appetite 
and  passion  must  both  be  mastered  in 
order  to  victory.  "I  keep  my  body 
under,"  said  Paul.  A  Sunday-school 
boy  got  the  idea  when  he  quoted  the 
passage,  "I  keep  my  soul  on  top." 

For  many  centuries  the  Greeks 
celebrated  national  games  at  regular 
intervals,  the  Olympic  and  Isthmian 
games  being  the  most  important. 
The  latter,  to  which  Paul  especially 
refers,  were  held  on  the  Isthmus  of 
Corinth,  in  honor  of  Neptune,  and 
occurred  every  other  year.  The  Olym- 
pic games  were  celebrated  only  once 
in  four  years,  and  were  looked  for- 
ward to  as  the  greatest  of  national 
events,  even  war  being  suspended 
throughout  Greece  during  the  days 
occupied  by  the  festival.  The  exer- 
cises on  these  great  occasions  con- 
sisted in  running,  wrestling,  boxing, 
throwing  quoits  and  javelins,  and 
leaping.  In  later  times  foot  races  in 
heavy  armor,  races  on  horseback  and 
in  four-horse  chariots  were  added. 
The  Greek  games  were  very  different 
from  the  Roman  gladiatorial  shows, 
for  no  weapons  were  allowed  to  be 
used,  and  only  persons  of  good  moral 
character  were  admitted  as  contest- 
ants. For  many  years  none  but 
Greeks  were  allowed  to  participate, 
but  after  the  conquest  of  Greece  by 
Rome,  the  conquerors  were  permitted 
to  take  part  in  them.  Those  who  won 
at  Olympia  were  more  distinguished 
men  than  kings.  They  received  no 
prize  in  money — only  crowns  of  olive 
leaves  which  the  judge  of  the  con- 
tests placed  on  the  winners'  heads— ^ 
but  this  was  an  honor  never  forgotten 
by  their  fellow-citizens.  Their  praises 
were  sung  by  the  national  poets,  and 
statues  of  them  were  erected  to  com- 
memorate their  names  during  coming 
ages.     The  contestants  spent  ten 


IV hy  Abstain f  l8i 

MONTHS  IN  PREPARING  FOR  THOSE  Liquor  dcalcrs,  in  their  desperate 
GREAT  CONTESTS,  UNDERGOING  A  SYS-  effort  to  stay  the  "reform  wave," 
TEM  OF  HARD  AND  TEDIOUS  TRAINING,  are  publishing  allcf^cd  statistics  of 
AND  ABSTAINING  FROM  EVERY  KIND  OF  medical  societies  that  assume  to 
FOOD  OR  DRINK  OR  PLEASURE  WHICH  show  that  total  abstainers  die  faster 
WOULD  WEAKEN  THEIR  BODIES,  VERY  than  hard  drinkers,  while  moderate 
MUCH  AS  BOAT  CREWS  ARE  TRAINED  drinkers  live  longest  of  all.  There  are 
NOW.  They  were  allowed  only  several  of  these  fakes  that  are  going 
THE  plainest  FOOD,  AND  IN  QUAN-  the  rounds.  The  conclusive  answer 
TiTiES  ONLY  SUFFICIENT  TO  SUSTAIN  can  always  be  found  in  the  nearest 
STRENGTH  WITHOUT  MAKING  SUPER-  insurance  office.  The  actuary's  sta- 
FLUOUS  FLESH.  The  purpose  was  to  tistics  are  not  sentimental,  but  made 
have  the  body  weigh  as  little  as  pos-  witli  reference  to  profit  and  loss.  In 
sible,  and  yet  have  the  muscles  full  British  life  insurance  companies  of 
and  hard.  In  order  to  make  their  fifty  years'  experience,  the  abstainer 
limbs  supple,  they  oiled  their  bodies  gets  twenty  to  thirty  per  cent,  more 
every  day.  When  the  time  came  for  in  rebates,  on  the  average,  than  the 
the  boxing  matches  and  races  they  moderate  drinker. 
laid  aside  every  weight,  wearing  2.  Total  abstinence  is  best  for  the 
scarcely  any  clothes  during  the  con-  ,„,j„^  (j  Thess.  5:  i-io).  Here  we 
test,  that  they  might  be  free  to  do  aj-g  reminded  that  the  mind  is  a 
their  very  best.  The  foot  race  was  watchman  on  guard  and  must  be 
from  one  end  of  the  arena  to  the  sober  to  fulfil  his  trust.  The  head  is 
other,  where  stood  the  goal,  and  the  the  watch  tower  of  life,  and  its  watch- 
judge  beside  it  with  the  olive  crown,  ^n^n.  the  brain,  must  not  be  drugged. 
After  winning  the  wreath  the  victor  The  great  fault  of  alcohol  is  that  it 
was  received  by  his  congratulating  gogg  straight  to  the  brain.  The  first 
friends,  and  escorted  with  great  pomp  effect  of  alcohol  is  to  flush  the  brain 
to  his  city,  where  his  townsmen  had  with  alcoholized  blood,  and  words, 
prepared  to  receive  him  with  a  feast,  therefore,  come  for  a  while  more 
Athletics  have  always  been  a  power-  swiftly ;  for  which  reason  some  have 
ful  argument  for  abstinence,  and  the  thought  to  find  inspiration  for  poetry 
•wonder  is  that  so  many  young  men  and  eloquence  in  wine.  But  the  lead- 
ambitious  for  physical  excellence  jng  writers  of  to-day,  responding  to 
have  disregarded  it.  a  ^circular  letter  of  inquiry,  declared 
In  the  last  half  century  the  physical  they  had  learned  better  than  to  ex- 
argument  for  abstinence  has  been  pect  inspiration  from  such  a  source, 
mightily  re-enforced  by  the  facts  of  Instead  of  making  men  brilliant,  alco- 
hfe  insurance.  Here  is  a  table  by  hoi  makes  them  talk  like  fools.  The 
President  Greene,  of  the  Connect!-  secondarv effect  of  alcohol. in  the  brain 
cut  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company,  is  to  thicken  the  gray  matter  as  it  does 
of  Hartford,  Conn. :  similar  matter  in  an  egg.  Shakespeare 
A   Group   of   Total   Abstainers   as  exclaims : 

Against  Moderate  Drinkers,  "O  that  men  should  put  an  enemy  in  their 

Expectancy  of  Life  in  Years.  t,      ,  mouths                   . 

Moderate       Lives  -^°  ^*^^'  ^^^^  ^"^""  di'31"s  ! 

Age              Abstainers     drinkers     shortened  A  young  man  of  fine   family,  with 

^^ 44-2              15.5             28.6  splendid  gifts,   was  going  down   fast 

40  ;;.■;.■;:.■  .'28.8              5i.6             ^i  through    strong  drink.    'His    friends 

50 21.2              10.8              104  ^s*^   pleaded    with    him.   but    he   had 

60 15.3              8.9              6.4  taken    their    warnings    as    an    insult. 


l82 


JJ'orld  Book  of  Temperance. 


One  evening  one  of  them,  who  was  a 
court  stenographer,  was  sitting  in  a 
restaurant,  when  the  young  man  in 
question  came  in  with  a  companion, 
took  the  table  next  to  him,  sitting 
down  with  his  back  to  him.  He  was 
just  drunk  enough  to  be  talkative 
about  his  private  affairs,  and  on  the 
impulse  of  the  moment  the  stenog- 
rapher pulled  out  his  note-book  and 
took  a  full  shorthand  report  of  every 
word  he  said.  It  included  a  number 
of  highly  candid  details  of  his  daily 
life — things  of  which  when  he  was 
sober  he  would  no  more  have  spoken 
to  a  casual  acquaintance  than  he 
would  have  put  his  hand  in  the  fire. 
The  next  morning  the  stenographer 
copied  the  whole  thing  neatly,  and 
sent  it  around  to  the  office  of  his 
tippling  friend.  In  less  than  ten  min- 
utes the  latter  came  tearing  in,  ex- 
claiming, "What  is  this,  anyhow?" 
"It's  a  stenographic  report  of  your 
talk  at  the  restaurant  last  evening." 
He  turned  pale  and  walked  out.  He 
never  drank  again. 

Inebriation  Not  Inspiration. 

It  was  probably  the  false  idea  of 
mental  inspiration  by  drink  that  Paul 
sought  to  correct  in  Eph.  3 :  18,  "Be 
not  drunk  with  wine,  wherein  is  ex- 
cess, but  be  filled  with  the  Spirit." 
Spinoza  was  called  a  "God-intoxi- 
cated man."  The  apostles  were  such 
men  in  a  deeper  sense  on  the  day  of 
Pentecost,  when  they  were  thought  to 
be  "full  of  new  wine."  It  was  not 
spirituous  but  spiritual  stimulation, 
that  has  no  mad  reaction. 

In  the  "Saturday  Evening  Post"  of 
April  18,  1908,  in  a  popular  article 
on  the  art  of  mastering  wild  animals, 
by  Mr.  A.  E.  McFarline,  the  follow- 
ing paragraph  occurs: 

The  Cage  No  Place  for  a  Clouded 
Brain. 

When  a  keeper  is  killed  in  what 
the  public  is  led  to  believe  is  a  sud- 


den outbreak  of  elephant  viciousness, 
there  is  frequently  an  explanation 
known  to  all  showmen  which  does 
not  get  into  the  newspapers.  In  cir- 
cus slang,  the  keeper  has  been  "wear- 
ing his  arm  out" — that  is,  drinking. 
He  goes  in  to  his  animals,  they  recog- 
nize him  by  sight,  but  in  every  other 
way  he  appears  to  be  someone  else! 
They  are  frightened  in  a  minute,  and 
it  ends  with  their  getting  beside  them- 
selves. Two  years  ago  a  famous 
German  trainer  was  killed  in  Bres- 
lau.  He  had  been  giving  a  cham- 
pagne supper  to  some  friends,  and 
after  it  was  over  he  insisted  on  tak- 
ing them  out  and  showing  them  "how 
his  elephants  loved  him."  It  was  not 
long  before  he  had  them  in  a  veritable 
panic,  starting,  trembling,  and  plung- 
ing to  get  away.  And  when  at  last 
he  made  one  of  them  take  him  up  on 
its  trunk,  like  a  man  battened  upon 
by  the  superhuman,  it  turned  and 
threshed  the  life  out  of  him  from 
pure  terror.  In  those  rare  cases  where 
an  elephant  kills  a  drunken  keeper 
craftily  and  with  no  appearance  of 
fear,  the  other  keepers  will  still  as- 
sert that  the  animal  knew  at  least  that 
in  some  way  the  man  had  ceased  to 
be  its  master." 

There  is  "no  place  for  a  clouded 
brain"  in  a  cage  or  out  of  it,  for 
all  through  life  we  must  fight  with 
beasts  in  ourselves,  if  nowhere  else. 
And  in  this  age  of  swift  automobiles 
and  rapid  trolleys  a  man  needs  all 
his  wits,  even  for  physical  safety,  and 
yet  more  does  he  need  a  clear  brain 
to  escape  the  beastly  temptations  that 
ever  lurk  about  his  path,  and  which 
spring  upon  him  whenever  by  drink 
he  loses  self-mastery. 

What  of  Tobacco? 

The  Vice-President  and  Manager  of 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  a  few 
years  ago  said  to  the  writer:  "We 
have  gotten  rid  of  the  drinkers;  the 


Why  Abstain? 


183 


smokers  must  go  next."  His  reason 
was  the  effect  of  both  alcohol  and 
tobacco  upon  "nerve,"  which  is  so 
essential  to  the  railway  man  in  emer- 
gencies. Burbank,  "the  plant  wizard," 
also  finds  that  tobacco,  as  well  as  al- 
cohol, spoils  the  nerves  for  the  finer 
work  of  cross  breeding  of  flowers. 
What  does  any  young  man  need  of 
any  stimulant?  Why  should  a  strong 
boy  even  take  such  a  crutch  as  coffee  ? 
All  these  are  objectionable  from  the 
point  of  view  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton's 
motto,  which  should  be  adopted  by 
every  youth :  "I  make  myself  no  ne- 
cessities." 

We  must  guard  the  smaller  as  well 
as  the  larger  entrances  of  the  drink 
habit.  Let  no  one  say  tobacco  is  as 
bad  as  alcohol,  for  while  both  harm 
the  user,  alcohol  is  far  more  likely  to 
harm  the  neighbor  also.  But  tobacco 
'is  soaked  in  rum — anyone  can  see  and 
smell  the  process  in  the  factories — and 
tobacco  promotes  both  passion  and 
appetite.  So  does  alcohol  in  foods. 
Dr.  Henry  Clay  Trumbull,  a  careful, 
conservative  writer,  told  this  story 
in  the  "Sunday-school  Times"  of  Au- 
gust 19,  1876:  "'For  my  part,'  said 
a  prominent  Christian  man  of  our 
acquaintance  some  years  ago — 'for 
my  part,  I  hope  that  mince  pies  will 
never  join  the  temperance  society.' 
That  was  a  bright  and  playful  speech, 
and  many  laughed  at  it  then.  The 
speaker  was  a  pledged  abstainer ;  but 
he  could  not  forego  the  use  of  wine 
and  brandy  in  the  kitchen.  His  chil- 
dren learned  there  to  love  these  liquors. 
The  days  rolled  by,  and  that  father 
lived  long  enough  to  be  summoned 
by  a  cry  of  murder  into  the  house  of 
one  of  his  sons,  where  he  grappled 
with  him  in  a  struggle  to  disarm  him 
of  a  butcher's  knife  with  which  he,  in 
a  fit  of  drunken  fury,  was  attempting 
to  kill  his  own  wife.  Possibly  in  that 
hour  the  father  would  have  been  will- 
ing to  permit  mince  pies  to  join  the 


temperance  society  if  only  he  could 
have  back  again  the  early  sobriety 
and  purity  of  his  ruined  son." 

Danger  Signals- 
It  has  been  difficult  to  regard  white 
mice  seriously.  One  hears  of  their 
performing  tricks,  but  that  is  not  a 
sufficient  excuse  for  their  being.  Some 
sing  sweetly,  but  they  arc  rare,  and 
almost  anyone  would  prefer  a  bird. 
But  with  modern  inventions  comes 
a  profession  for  white  mice  so  im- 
portant that  it  commands  government 
pay — a  shilling  a  week — in  the  Eng- 
lish Navy.  Every  submarine  vessel 
carries  a  cage  of  white  mice.  At  the 
least  leakage  of  gasoline  the  little 
creatures  feel  uncomfortable,  and  be- 
gin to  squeal.  This  serves  as  a  warn- 
ing, which  is  quickly  heeded. 

Many  young  men  seem  to  have  less 


gray  matter  in  their  brains  than  these 
white  mice — at  least  they  do  not  make 
so  good  a  use  of  it.  The  very  first 
drop  of  gasoline  is  seen  by  these  little 
sentinels  to  be  a  cause  for  alarm. 
And  fearless  fighters  do  not  belittle 
the  danger  but  heed  the  warning,  and 
take  instant  steps  to  stop  the  danger- 
ous leak.  How  sad  the  contrast  af- 
forded by  young  men  who  do  not  even 
take  alarm  at  their  first  intoxication, 
but  cry  in  foolhardiness,  "I  am  not 
afraid !"  and  go  straight  on  to  ship- 
wreck. Go  to  the  white  mice,  O  tip- 
pler ;  consider  your  wavs  and  be  wise ! 
Hon.  T.  V.  Powderly  (in  "New 
Voice,"  March  8,  1894)  says  of  Paul's 
advice   to   Timothy   to  take   a   "little 


1 84 


JForld  Book  of  Temperance. 


wine"  for  his  infirmities  (i  Tim.  5: 
23)  :  "Strong  men  make  an  excuse 
of  these  words  to-day  when  they  are 
asked  to  give  a  reason  for  squander- 
ing wealth,  happiness  and  health  over 
the  wine-cup.  Whether  tiie  wine  of 
that  day  differed  from  that  now  in 
use,  whether  the  men  were  differently 
constituted,  or  whether  St.  Paul  in- 
tended that  but  a  "little  wine"  should 
be  used,  is  not  now  material,  for  men 
do  not  stop  at  a  little  in  these  days. 
We  live  among  rapidly  revolving 
wheels,  in  electric  currents,  and  in  the 
rush  of  steam.  We  read  so  much  in 
the  morning  paper  of  the  doings  of 
the  Russians,  the  Chinese,  Australi- 
ans and  the  natives  of  Hawaii  that  we 
feel  as  though  we  must  drink  some- 
thing to  wash  it  all  down.  There  is 
more  excitement  in  one  twentieth 
century  day  than  St.  Paul  knew  in  a 
decade,  and  as  a  consequence  the 
craving  for  stimulants  to  keep  up  the 
rr.arch  of  progress  is  greater  than 
ever,  and  more  dangerous  because  so 
great  and  consuming'.  I  reason  in 
this  way :  If  a  little  wine  was  good  in 
St.  Paul's  day,  none  at  all  is  better 
now,  and  from  that  position  I  do  not 
intend  to  move,  no  matter  how  many 
arguments  my  good  friends  may  ad- 
vance to  the  contrary." 

3.  Abstinence  is  best  for  manners 
and  morals  (Romans  13:  8-14).  Ex- 
Senator  Carmack,  of  Tennessee,  says 
bravely  and  truly,  "The  saloon  is  an 
institution  for  developing  the  beast  in 
man."  A  whole  group  of  illustrations 
from  the  writers'  observations  in  their 
recent  tour  in  Australia  may  fitly  be 
introduced  here  to  picture  the  effect 
of  alcohol  in  making  men  childish, 
brutal,  savage  and  leprous. 

Several  illustrated  advertiseunents 
of  liquors  were  noted  in  Sydney  that 
were  in  the  nature  of  unconscious 
confessions.      In    one,    two    drunken 


young  men  were  pictured  in  the  baby 
pouch  of  a  kangaroo,  suggesting  the 
childishness  of  thus  surrendering  rea- 
son to  appetite.  The  kangaroo  itself 
represents  arrested  development.  Ex- 
cept in  Australia,  the  marsupials  are 
considered  an  extinct  geologic  species 
of  an  outgrown  stage  of  evolution. 
Another  advertisement  of  "Boomer- 
ang Brandy,"  illustrated  by  the  sav- 
age head  of  an  Australian  aboriginal, 
suggests  that  drink  is  a  savage  vice, 
which  rouses  the  brutal  element  in 
human  nature,  that  the  will  holds 
down  in  sober  hours.  Intoxicants 
are,  indeed,  boomerangs  that  may 
wound  others,  but  come  back  in 
deadly  power  also  on  the  man  who 
handles  them.  In  a  Sydney  public 
house  there  are  bottles  in  the  win- 
dows that  are  mounted  like  cannon, 
which  can  hardly  fail  to  remind  men 
of  clear  brains  that  the  bottle  kills 
more  than  bullets,  and  should  be  more 
feared  by  us  all.  No  invasion  has 
done  America  so  much  harm  as  the 
beer  invasion,  which  is  now  the  spe- 
cial peril  of  China  and  Japan.  There 
is  also  in  Australia  an  advertisement 
of  "Revolver  Whiskey."  Revolvers 
have  indeed  been  the  instrument  of 
fewer  suicides  and  murders  than  whis- 
key bottles.  Australia  also  has  a 
"Zig  Zag  Brewery,"  giving  to  patrons 
fair  warning  of  the  way  it  will  lead 
them. 

At  our  first  Australian  landing  we 
heard  of  a  leprous  Chinaman  who 
was  being  transferred  with  other 
lepers  from  a  Lazaretto  on  Friday 
Island  to  another  on  Peel  Island. 
While  the  leper  was  being  put  on 
board  ship  the  superintendent  in 
charge  of  him  had  occasion  to  turn 
his  back  to  his  charge  just  as  they 
were  passing  through  the  kitchen, 
whereupon  the  Chinaman  seized  a 
knife  lying  at  hand  and  raised  it  to 
stab  the  superintendent.  The  alert 
cook  seized  a  revolver  and  instantly 


Why  Abstain f 


l8: 


shot  the  Chinaman  through  the  wrist. 
The  knife  fell  harmless  to  the  floor. 
What  is  it  like?  Like  the  action  citi- 
zens should  take  in  swiftly  shooting, 
not  with  bullets,  but  with  ballots  the 
leprous  hand  that  holds  aloft  the 
knife  of  intemperance  or  impurity  to 
destroy  our  youth. 

4.  Abstinence  is  best  for  the  soul 
here  and  Jiereafter. — I  have  seldom 
seen  anything  that  so  fitly  pictures  the 
deterioration  of  the  soul  and  its  for- 
feiture of  a  glorious  resurrection  as 
a  New  Zealand  story  in  "Knowledge 
and  Scientific  News,"  (London,  Feb- 
ruary), by  G.  A.  Laing,  who  tells  of 
caterpillars,  hatched  from  the  eggs 
of  a  butterfly,  that  lived  their  hungry 
caterpillar  life  devouring  with  their 
fellows  the  food  plant  chosen  for 
them.  When  they  dropped  down  to 
earth  on  their  way  to  bury  themselves 
for  their  next  change,  back  to  butter- 
flies, they  came  across  a  delicious  food 
scattered  over  the  ground,  and  eagerly 
snatched  one  last  feast  before  they 
parsed  on  their  way.  The  new  food 
was  fungus  spores,  and  every  cater- 
pillar that  ate  of  them  crept  into  his 
burrow  with  the  seed  of  death  within 
it.  Slowly,  but- by  sure  degrees,  the 
poison  spread  through  the  whole 
sleeping  creature  until  it  becomes 
hard  and  dry,  and  full  of  fungus — no 
longer  an  animal,  but  the  root  of  a 
plant ;  veritable  caterpillar  of  wood. 
The  change  takes  place  so  gently  that 
the  insect  shape  is  quite  unaltered. 
The  rings  of  its  body,  its  feet,  its 
eyes,  are  all  there  perfect  as  in  life, 
but  never  will  it  transform  into  a 
chrysalis,  and  never  now  will  out  it 
emerge  a  brilliant-butterfly.  For  the 
fungus   seed   has   been   nourished   on 


the  body  of  its  devourer,  and  out  of 
the  dead  caterpillar's  head  shoot  a 
long,  slender  stem  some  eight  to  ten 
inches  high,  which  by  and  by  is 
crowned  with  fungus  spores  which 
ripen  and  fall  ready  to  repeat  once 
more  the  story  with  the  next  unwary 
caterpillar.     As    fungus    spores   drag 


beautiful  members  of  the  animal  king- 
dom down  to  the  vegetable  kingdom. 
turning  wings  to  roots,  so  alcohol  and 
opium  drag  men  down  into  the  life 
of  l)rutes.  eating  out  the  soul  and 
spoiling  its  promise  of  a  glorious  here- 
after, "No  drunkard  shall  inherit  the 
Kingdom  of  God"  (i  Cor.  6:  10). 


See  Class  Pledge  at  end  of  book. 


SOME  EXPERIMENTS  WITH  ALCOHOL. 


["The  Temperance  Cfinse"  for  April.  1000,  organ  of  Massafhusetts  Total  Abstinence 
Society  (30  Bromflekl  St.,  Boston),  is  devoted  to  the  followinjr  collection  of  recent  experiments 
on  alcohol,  chiefl.v  taken  from  article  by  Profe.ssor  Rosanholl'  in  McC'lure's  Magazine  for 
March,  1909,  and  Sir  Victor  Uorsley's  new  book,  "Alcohol  and  the  Human  Body."] 


Effects   Upon   the  Blood  Vessels. 

A  party  of  engineers  were  surveying  in 
the  Sierra  Nevada.  They  camped  at  a 
great  height  above  the  sea  level,  where  the 
air  was  very  cold,  and  they  were  miserable. 
Some  of  them  drank  a  litt'le  whiskey  and 
felt  less  uncomfortable ;  some  of  them  drank 
a  lot  of  whiskey,  and  went  to  bed  feeling 
very  jolly  and  comfortable  indeed.  But  in 
the  morning  the  men  who  had  not  taken  any 
whiskey  got  up  all  right ;  those  who  had 
taken  a  little  whiskey  got  up  feeling  very 
unhaippy;  the  men  who  had  taken  a  lot  of 
whiskey  did  not  get  up  at  all.  They  were 
frozen  to  death.  They  had  warmed  the 
surface  of  their  bodies  at  the  expense  of 
their  internal  organs.  Some  time  ago  Sir 
Joseph  Faj-rer  was  out  deer-stalking  in 
the  north  of  Scotland.  He  offered  his  flask 
to  the  keeper.  The  keeper  said,  "No,  Sir 
Joseph,  I  will  not  take  any  to-day ;  it  is 
too  cold."  And  yet  if  he  had  drunk  the 
whiskey  he  would  have  felt  for  the  time 
being  very  much  warmer  than  before.  So 
that  alcohol  tends  to  act  as  an  antipyretic 
by  dilating  the  vessels  of  the  skin,  and  so 
allowing  a  loss  of  heat. — Sir  T.  Lander 
Briinton. 

Effects  Upon  Muscles. 

The  index  finger  of  the  right  hand  was 
fixed  by  holding  on  to  a  wooden  peg;  the 
arm  was  rendered  immovable  by  a  clamp ; 
and  a  weight  of  several  kilograms,  sus- 
pended by  a  string  passing  over  a  puUey, 
was  raised  and  lowered  until  complete  ex- 
haustion set  in.  This  process  was  repeated 
twelve  times  with  intervening  rests  of  one 
minute.  The  length  of  each  ,pull  was  re- 
corded by  a  pencil  on  a  strip  of  ruled  paper. 
The  sum  of  the  lengths  of  the  single  lines 
is  easily  translated  into  "meter-kilograms," 
that  is,  the  work  done  in  raising  one  kilo- 
gram," through  one  meter  against  the 
gravity  of  the  earth.  Four  hours  after 
meals,  without  alcohol  or  ordinary  food  on 
an  empty  stomach,  in  twelve  periods,  there 
were  recorded  -11  meter-kilograms,  21  in 
the  first  five  periods  and  20  in  the  last  seven. 
Shortly  after  taking  an  easily  digested  food, 
there  were,  respectively,  44,  23  and  21  meter- 
kilograms  ;  after  administering  alcohol  equal 
in    heat    value    to    the    food    in    the    second 


experiment,  the  results  were  41,  22  and  19. 
The  food  thus  showed  an  increase  of  5.5 
per  cent,  in  the  second  period  of  the  ex- 
periment, and  a  decrease  of  4.G  per  cent, 
after  taking  spirits.  In  the  first  brief  stage 
there  was  an  increase  of  work  from  the 
alcohol,  but  in  the  rest  a  prominent  weak- 
ening effect  is  clearly  shown.  On  a  full 
stomach,  in  twelve  periods,  there  zvas  a 
loss  of  8  per  cent,  in  efficiency  through 
alcohol,  the  first  five  showing  a  loss  of  8.4 
per  cent,  the  last  seven  a  loss  of  7.6  per 
cent.  In  this  case,  the  weakening  effect 
is  seen  first.  It  is,  then,  false  to  assume 
that  moderate  drinking  with  meals  helps  a 
laboring  man  do  his  work. — Professor  Du- 
bois, at  Berne, 

Effects  in  the  Boer  War. 

The  wonderful  power  of  endurance  of 
the  Boer  army  was  in  great  part  due  to 
their  total  abstinence  from  spirituous  drinks. 
Men  say  that  brandy  makes  privation  more 
endurable.  No  word  of  that  is  true.  It 
is  also  a  fable  that  when  one  takes  spiritu- 
ous drinks  it  relieves  fatigue.  All  that  is 
true  is  that  the  drinker  does  not  measure 
the  extent  of  the  danger,  and  on  that  ac- 
count disdains  it,  even  if  he  is  cowardly 
by  nature.  Modern  scientific  warfare  has 
to  reckon  with  tranquility,  cold-blooded  de- 
liberation iron  endurance,  a  steady  hand,  a 
clear  eye,  a  quick  decision,  that  a  man  may 
make  the  rifle  in  his  hand  a  formidable 
weapon.  To  remain  hour  after  hour  under 
cover,  and  coolly,  with  the  sharpshooter's 
eye,  wait  the  cautious  approach  of  the  en- 
emy, or,  in  attack,  to  scan  with  falcon's 
eye  every  stone,  every  rise  of  ground,  every 
molehill,  in  order,  if  possible,  to  come  upon 
the  enemy  un,perceived — that  is  business 
which  requires  actual  courage,  but  not  that 
drunken  tumbling  into  danger  with  which 
one  whose  brain  is  clouded  b}'  the  use  of 
alcohol  enters  into  a  battle.  The  thing  is 
not  to  under-estimate  danger,  but  to  recog- 
nize it,  by  foresight  to  diminish  it,  and,  if 
that  is  not  possible,  to  meet  it  coolly. — 
Fr.  van  Straaien. 

Effects  Upon  Marksmanship. 

A  mtmber  of  picked  Swedish  soldiers 
and    non-commissioned     officers,     all    good 


Some  Rxpcrimcnts  zvith  Alcohol. 


1S7 


shots,  were  told  off  for  experiment.  They 
were  ordered  to  shoot  at  a  target  at  ordi- 
nary distance  (200  yards),  then  they  were 
given  each  about  V/j  ounces  of  brandy.  The 
trials  were  made  on  different  days,  under 
varying  conditions,  several  times  a  day,  and 
the  result  was  always  the  same.  When  al- 
cohol had  been  given  the  result  was  I'.O  per 
cent,  fewer  hits  in  quick  fire,  although  the 
men  always  thought  they  were  shooting 
faster,  whereas  actually  they  shot  much 
more  slowly.  When  slow  aiming  was  al- 
lowed, the  difference  even  went  to  50  per 
cent,  in  favor  of  shooting  without  having 
taken  alcohol. — Sir  Victor  Horslcy. 

Effects    Upon    Neuro-Muscular    Action. 

A  number  of  soldiers  of  the  same  age 
and  the  same  type  of  constitution,  living 
under  the  same  circumstances  and  eating 
the  same  food,  were  collected  together,  and 
then  divided  into  two  gangs — an  alcoholic 
gang  and  a  non-alcoholic  gang.  Certain 
work  was  given  them  to  do,  for  which  they 
were  paid  extra  by  Dr.  Parkes,  according 
to  the  ■  amount  of  work  they  accomplished. 
The  men  in  the  gang  which  was  allowed 
alcohol  had  beer  at  their  disposal,  and  when 
they  felt  tired  they  resorted  to  its  use.  ror 
the  first  hour  or  two  the  alcoholic  gang 
went  ahead,  but  after  a  time  their  energy 
began  to  flag,  and  before  the  end  of  the 
day  their  rivals,  the  non-alcoholic  gang,  had 
accomplished  far  more  work  and  received 
more  pay. — Sir.   Victor  Horslcy, 

Effects    Upon     Writing    Numerals    and 
Letters. 

A  so-called  balance  has  attached  a  clock 
registering  time  on  a  rotating  drum  cov- 
ered with  carbon  paper,  which  records  time 
consumed  in  writing  a  set  of  characters 
with  an  error  of  less  than  one-two-hun- 
dredth of  a  second.  After  eight  days,  with- 
out use  of  alcohol,  an  experimenter's  hand 
was  connected  with  the  clock  apparatus, 
and  the  figures  123456789  10  were 
twice  written  rapidly.  Then  the  figures  10 
987654321  were  written  twice,  then 
the  letters  i  n  m  (with  no  dot  on  the  i) 
were  written  once.  After  this  30  grams  of 
pure  alcohol,  diluted,  were  taken,  and  after 
five  minutes  the  same  characters  were  writ- 
ten as  before,  and  then  again  five  minutes 
later,  and  so  on.  For  some  weeks  t'he  al- 
cohol was  discontinued,  and  the  experi- 
ments were  then  reneated,  but  the  dose  of 
alcohol  was  doubled.  Reducing  results  to 
a  common  basis,  it  was  found  that,  in  the 
earlier  experiments,  the  first  set  of  figures 
being    used,    the    alcohol    retarded    5.6    per 


cent.,  in  the  second  set  of  figures  7  per 
cent.,  and  in  the  letters  7.3  per  cent.  After 
the  alcohol  was  doubled  these  per  cents,  of 
retarding  became,  respectively,  9.1,  10.2  and 
12.2.  That  is,  the  use  of  alcnliol  retards 
activities  -ivhich  arc  part  muscular  and  part 
mental,  and  the  ivorse  as  the  activities  be- 
come more  decidedly  menial. — Dr.  Martin 
Mayer,  at  Heidelberg. 

Effects  Upon  Number  Adding. 

Two  persons  were  each  given  tests  in 
single  place  numbers  for  a  half  hour  upon 
each  of  twenty-seven  consecutive  days.  The 
first  was  given  no  alcohol  whatever,  the 
second  received  on  fourteen  of  the  twenty- 
seven  days  a  single  drink  consisting  of 
80  grams  of  pure  alcohol  diluted  with  wa- 
ter, equivalent  to  about  three  and  a  half 
tumblerfuls  of  claret.  The  drinks  were 
taken  in  the  evening  before  going  to  bed, 
while  the  experiments  took  place  the  next 
forenoon.  In  the  eight  days  using  alcohol 
the  second  man  lost  3.1  per  cent,  of  his 
normal  product,  while  in  the  last  thirteen 
days,  although  he  took  less  than  half  as 
much  alcohol  as  on  the  other  days,  his  loss 
was  15.3  per  cent.  So  the  notion  that 
alcohol  "stimulates"  a  person  to  his  men- 
tal work  is  surely  not  corroborated  bv  facts. 
— Professor  Kraepelin  and  Dr.  Kiirs. 

Effects  Upon  Typesetting  Experiment. 

Four  experienced  type'setters,  who  were 
moderate  drinkers,  were  employed  in  this 
experiment.  They  did  not  drink  on  Sun- 
day, and  worked  the  next  four  days,  with 
no  alcohol  on  Monday,  three-quarters  of  a 
tumblerful  of  wine  on  Tuesday,  none  on 
Wednesday,  and  the  same  amount  of  wine 
as  before  on  Thursday.  Their  work  was 
noticed  after  the  first  quarter  of  an  hour, 
and  the  results  of  their  labor  computed  in 
printers'  "ems"  set  up.  The  average  loss 
in  efficiency  under  alcohol  was,  on  Tues- 
day, 5.2  per  cent.,  and  on  Thursday,  8.1. 
The  effects  of  alcohol  are  noi  only 
serious,  but  cumulative.  The  harm  piles 
up  as  the  drink  continues.  So  moderate 
drinking  reduces  considerably  the  efficiency 
of  an  artisan. — Professor  Aschaffenburg. 

Effects  Upon  Memorizing. 
A  half  hour,  under  conditions  similar  to 
those  when  the  numbers  were  added  and 
the  words  written,  was  devoted  daily  to 
memorizing  as  many  twelve-place  nmnbers 
as  possible,  such  as  315,784,231,675.  Each 
number  was  read  off  aloud  from  paper, 
again  and  again,  until  it  could  be  cor- 
rectly   repeated    from    memory;    then    an- 


JVorld  Book  of  Temperance. 


other  number,  and  so  on.  In  twenty-six  ex- 
periments it  was  found  that  alcohol  pro- 
duced a  decrease  of  more  than  6.2 
per  cent,  in  the  number  of  numbers 
learned  per  day.  So  ordinary  mem- 
orizing is  found  to  be  greatly  retarded  un- 
der the  influence  of  moderate  daily  drink- 
ing.— Professor  Kracpelin  and  Dr.  Kiirc. 

Effects  Upon   Ideas. 

Frequently  the  highest  scientific  thoughts 
slvly  enter  the  mind  without  one's  immedi- 
ately attaching  any  importance  to  thcni ; 
later  some  very  simple  accident  or  circum- 
stance may  be  sufficient  to  reveal  to  us, 
when  and  under  what  circumstances  they 
arose,  or  they  may  be  present  without  cur 
even  knowing  from  whence  they  came.  At 
other  times  they  come  to  us  suddenly, 
without  any  exertion  whatever,  just  as  an 
inspiration.  As  far  as  my  experience  is 
concerned,  they  never  come  to  a  wearied 
brain,  or  at  the  writing  desk ;  they  were 
especially  inclined  to  appear  to  me  while 
indulging  in  a  quiet  walk  in  the  sun- 
shine or  over  the  forest-clad  mountains, 
but  the  smallest  quantity  of  alcohol  seemed 
to  scare  them  away. — Helmholtz. 

CiT.\TioNs  BY  President  Eliot. 

The  Sailok. — It  seems  to  mc  that  the 
recent  researches  in  physiology  and  medi- 
cine tend  very  strongly  to  show  that  the 
moderate  drinking'  of  alcohol  is  inexpe- 
dient. For  instance,  one  old  theory  is  now 
absolutely  abandoned.  As  a  result  of  ex- 
perience it  is  a  fact  that  men  who  are  to 
be  exposed  to  cold  or  heat  or  hardships  of 
any  sort  are  not  prepared  or  braced  for  such 
encounters  by  any  form  of  alcohol.  You 
know  it  was  considered  essential  that  a 
sailor  in  the  merchant  marine  or  in  the 
navy  should  be  braced  for  diis  arduous 
work  by  grog  every  day ;  that  was  really 
and  simply  considered  as  a  necessity.  Now 
grog  has  been  abolished  in  our  navy  abso- 
lutely, and  is  no  longer  served  in  well- 
conducted  ships  of  the  merchant  marine, 
and  the  result  is  a  demonstration  that  that 
rough,  hard  life  was  not  really  helped  by 
alcohol   but   hindered. 

The  Se.\  Captain. — No  captain  of  an 
ocean  liner  ever  supports  himself  now 
against  the  terrible  exposures  of  the  bridee 
by  means  of  alcohol.  He  will  take  hut 
tea  or  hot  cofifee  or  hot  lemonade,  as  I 
have  seen  many  of  them  do,  Init  he  never 
takes  alcohol  to  stimulate  him  when  ex- 
posed to  terrible  weather.  It  is  so  in 
regard  to  most  intellectual  labors.  It  was 
not  expected  that  anybody  encountering  the 


labors  of  the  prime  minister  of  England  in 
his  ofifice  every  night  and  during  the  long 
hours  of  the  day  could  do  the  work  with- 
out being  supported  by  one  or  two  bottles 
of  port  a  day;  and  many  famous  men 
have  lived  through  that  sort  of  life  under 
those  conditions.  That  view  is  now  abso- 
lutely abandoned. 

The  Accountant. — It  is  well  known 
that  alcohol,  even  if  moderately  used,  does 
not  quicken  the  action  of  the  mind  or  en- 
able one  to  support  mental  labor.  We  have 
had  a  great  cleal  of  German  investigation 
and  some  American  investigation  in  psy- 
chological laboratories  in  that  direction,  and 
the  results  are  perfectly  plain,  and  they 
are  all  one.  For  instance,  a  clerk  has  as 
his  principal  function  the  addition  of  fig- 
ures in  long  columns  or  short.  If  the  clerk 
drinks  in  the  day  a  moderate  amount  of 
wine  or  beer,  it  is  demonstrated  that  he 
cannot  add  as  well  the  next  day  as  if  he 
had  no  alcohol  the  day  before.  That  has 
been  proved  by  actual  experiment  in  a 
very  large  number  of  cases,  so  large  as 
to  establish   the   fact. 

The  Time  Reaction. — There  is  what  is 
called  the  time  reaction,  that  is,  the  inter- 
val that  elapses,  for  example,  between  your 
liearing  a  pistol  shot  or  seeing  a  flash  of 
light,  and  putting  your  muscles  in  motion 
to  touch  a  given  spot  on  the  table. 
Now,  it  is  demonstrated  that  alcohol, 
even  in  the  most  moderate  quantity 
affects  unfavorably  that  time  reaction,  that 
is,  slows  the  whole  nervous  action  of  the 
man  who  takes  it,  and  that  this  effect  is 
injurious.  I  had  occasion  to  know  about 
the  time  reaction  of  a  famous  pugilist 
whose  habitual  residence  was  not  far  from 
this  spot.  He  was  expecting  to  fight  in  a 
city  at  some  distance  from  Boston.  The 
appointment  was  made,  but  he  had  been  on 
a  succession  of  sprees ;  his  trainer  could 
not  control  him.  He  was  brought  to  Cam- 
bridge, and  his  time  reaction  was  tested. 
It  was  very  slow.  Now,  this  man  had 
always  been  famous  for  the  quickness  of 
his  time  reaction.  A  pugilist  has  need  to 
have  a  very  short  time  reaction.  He  must 
see  by  the  'motion  of  his  opponent's  fist 
just  where  he  is  going  to  strike,  and  put 
his  own  arm  in  the  way  quickly.  A  slow 
time  reaction  is  fatal  to  a  pugilist  or  fencer 
or  runner.  There  is  no  question  about  the 
ill  effect  of  alcohol  even  in  very  moderate 
doses  on  the  time  reaction.  That  means 
that  alcohol  'in  very  moderate  doses  di- 
minishes the  efficacy  of  the  workingman 
in  most  instances,  makes  him  incapable  of 
doing  his  best  in  the  work  of  the  day. 


Sonic  Experiments  ivith  Alcohol. 


189 


Higher  Power  Weakened. 
Experiments  tested  mental  processes  of 
a  somewhat  'more  complicated  character. 
For  example,  the  subject  would  place  each 
hand  on  a  telegraph  key,  at  right  and  left. 
The  signals  woukl  then  be  varied,  it  being 
understood  that  one  key  or  t>he  other  would 
be  pressed  promptly  accordingly  as  a  red 
or  a  white  light  appeared.  It  became  nec- 
essary, therefore,  to  recognize  the  color  of 
the  light,  and  to  recall  which  hand  was 
to  be  removed  at  that  particular  signal ;  in 
ether  words,  to  make  a  choice  not  unlike 
tliat  which  a  locimotive  engineer  is  required 
to  make  when  he  encounters  an  unexpected 
signal  light.  The  tests  showed  that  after 
the  ingestion  of  a  small  quantity  of  alcohol 
— say  a  glass  of  beer — there  was  a  marked 
disturbance  of  the  mental  processes  involved 
in  this  reaction.  On  the  average  the  keys 
were  released  more  rapidly  than  before  the 
alcohol  was  taken,  but  the  wrong  key  was 
much  more  frequently  released  than  under 
normal  circumstances.  Speed  was  attained 
at  the  cost  of  correct  judgment.  Thus,  as 
Dr.  Stier  remarks,  the  experiment  shows 
the  elements  of  hvo  of  the  most  sig- 
nificant and  persistent  effects  of  al- 
cohol, namely,  the  vitiating  of  mental 
processes  and  the  increased  tendency  to 
hasty  or  incoordinate  movements. 

Two  Kittens. 
Prof.  C.  F.  Hodge,  of  Clark  University, 
gave  alcohol  to  two  kittens  with  very  strik- 
ing results.  "In  beginning  the  experi- 
ment," he  says,  "it  was  remarkable  how 
quickly  and  completely  all  the  higher  psy- 
chic characteristics  of  both  the  kittens 
dropped  out.  Playfulness,  purring,  cleanli- 
ness and  care  of  coat,  interest  in  mice,  fear 
of  dogs,  while  normally  developed  before 
the  expcrimcrt  began,  all  disappeared  so 
suddenly  that  it  could  hardly  be  explained 
otherwise  than  as  a  direct  influence 'of  the 
alcohol  upon  the  higher  centres-  iof  the 
brain.  The  kittens  simply  ate  and  slept  and 
could  scarcely  have  been  less  active  I'lad  the 
greater  part  of  their  cerebral  hemisohere 
been  removed  by  the  knife." 

D*evelopment  of  Fear. 
Professor  Hodge's  experiments  extended 
also  to  dogs.  He  found  that  the  alcohol- 
ized dogs  in  his  kennel  were  lacking  in 
spontaneous  activity,  and  in  alertness  in 
retrieving  a  ball.  The  least  thing  out  of  the 
ordinary  caused  them  to  exhibit  fear,  while 
their  kennel  companions  exhibited  only  curi- 
osity or  interest.  "Whistles  and  bells,  in 
the  distance,  never  ceased  to  throw  them 


into  a  panic  in.  which  they  howled  and 
yelped  while  the  normal  dogs  simply 
barked."  One  of  the  dogs  even  had  par- 
oxysms of  causeless  fear  with  some  evi- 
dence of  hallucination.  He  would  appar- 
ently start  at  some  imaginary  object,  and 
go  i:ito  fits  of  howling."  The  characteris- 
tic timidity  of  the  alcoholized  dogs  did  not 
altogether  disappear  even  when  they  no 
longer  received  alcohol  in  their  diet.  Tim- 
idity had  become  with  them  a  "habit  of 
life."  As  Professor  Hodge  suggests,  we 
are  here  apparently  dealing  with  "one  of 
the  profound  physiological  causes  of  fear, 
having  wide  application  to  its  phenomena 
in  man.  Fear  is  commonly  recognized  as  a 
characteristic  feature  in  alcoholic  insanity, 
and  delirium  tremens  is  the  most  terrible 
form  of  fear  psychosis  known."  It  sho'^s 
how  pathetically  mistaken  is  the  popular 
notion  that  alcohol  inspires  courage. 

Alcohol  and  Heart  Work. 

Popularly,  alcohol  is  supposed  to  strength- 
en the  pumping  force  of  the  heart;  in  fact, 
great  faith  was  placed  in  it  on  this  account, 
until  more  recently,  when  the  matter 
has  undergone  scientific  revision  and  criti- 
cism. 

The  question  whether  or  no  alcohol 
strengthens  the  force  of  the  heart's  beat  is 
one  of  great  practical  importance,  and  with 
the  improved  methods  of  research  at  the 
disposal  of  scientific  men,  observations  have 
been  made  with  the  view  of  ascertaining 
its  real  effect  upon  that  organ.  Experiments 
have  shown  that  blood  containing  only  one- 
quarter  per  cent,  of  alcohol  diminished 
within  a  single  minute  the  work  done  by  the 
heart;  and  that  blood  containing  one-half 
per  cent,  so  seriously  afifected  its  working 
power  that  it  was  scarcely  able  to  drive  a 
sufficient  amount  of  blood  to  supply  its  own 
nutrient  arteries.  This  enfeebled  condition 
rapidly  leads  on  the  dilatation  of  the  heart, 
whereby  "the  heart  pumps  around  less 
blood." 

"It  has  yet  to  be  proved  that  the 
heart  muscle  can  be  stimulated  by 
alcohol." 

Thus  direct  experiment  upon  the  whole 
heart  shows  that  alcohol  has  not  the  aug- 
menting power  formerly  attributed  to  it, 
but  that,  on  the  contrary,  it  slowly  depresses 
■the  action  of  the  heart-muscle,  and  ulti- 
mately partly  paralyzes  not  the  muscle  only 
but  also  the  delicate  nerves  which  are  pres- 
ent in  the  wall  of  the  heart. — From  Hors- 
ley  and  Sturge's  "Alcohol  and  the  Human 
Body,"  pp.  S59-61. 


BOTTLED  IN  BOND. 

On  seeing  on  a  case  of  whiskey  these  words  stenciled  on  all  sides 
of  the  case:  "Bottled  in  bond  under  direct  supervision  of  the  United  States 
Government.      Guaranteed   pure." 

Yes,  spread  the  news  to  the  whole  wide  world, 

Print  it  and  paint  it  so  all  may  read. 
On  your  banners  high  to  the  winds  unfurled 

Picture  the  tale  of  a  nation's  greed; 
Tell  of  a  country,  great  and  grand. 

Richest  of  all  the  nations  of  earth. 
So  long  proclaimed  as  the  Promised  Land, 

Where  freedom's  starry  banner  had  birth — 
Selling  her  name  for  a  burial  fee, 

Labelling  poison  as  pure  and  good, 
Lending  her  name  as  a  guarantee 

To  a  drink  that  the  fiends  of  hell  have  brewed. 
Ay  !  "Bottled  in  bond,"  'tis  blown  in  the  glass, 

And  government  takes  from  the  grave  its  toll. 
From  the  wreck  of  hopes  that  will  surely  pass 

From  the  heart  of  the  man  who  seeks  the  bowl. 
For  thousands  of  years  has  the  earth  been  cursed 

With  the  fiery  death  that  kills  the  soul ; 
In  the  cradle  of  time  was  the  horror  nursed 

By  the  foes  of  man  who  the  world  control. 
Far  better  to  license  the  cobra's  fangs. 

Or  the  deadly  drug  from  the  almond  pressed ; 
They  bring  death  quicker,  without  the  pangs 

Of  terror  that  dwell  in  the  drunkard's  breast. 
Oh,  ye  who  dwell  in  the  places  high 

And  make  and  enforce  the  laws  of  state, 
If  but  once  you  would  watch  a  drunkard  die 

And  hear  his  cry,    "Too  late !   Too  late !" 
Ye  would  stamp  on  this  evil  and  drive  it  down 

To  the  lowest  hell  of  the  fiends  it  breeds. 
Ye  would  millstone  this  foe  of  the  child  to  drown. 

Along  with  its  record  of  fearful  deeds. 

Wm.   T.   McDonald. 


The  Spiritual  Conquering  the  Spirituous. 


1  Peter  4:   t-10. 


1  Forasmuch  then  as  Christ  suffered  in 
the  flesh,  arm  ye  yourselves  also  with  the 
same  mind;  for  he  that  hath  suffered  in  the 
flesh  hath  ceased  from  sin ;  2  that  ye  no 
longer  should  live  the  rest  of  your  time  in 
the  flesh  to  the  lusts  of  men,  but  to  the  will 
of  God.  3  For  the  time  past  may  suffice  to 
have  wrought  the  desire  of  the  Gentiles,  and 
to  have  walked  in  lasciviousness,  lusts,  wine- 
bibbings,  revel ings,  carousings,  and  abom- 
inable idolatries :  4  wherein  they  think  it 
strange  that  ye  run  not  with  them  into  the 
same  excess  of  riot,  speaking  evil  of  yoti: 
5    who    shall    give    account    to    him    that    is 


ready  to  judge  the  quick  and  the  dead. 
6  For  unto  this  end  was  the  gospel  preached 
even  to  the  dead,  that  they  might  be  judged 
indeed  according  to  men  in  the  flesh,  but 
live  according  to  God  in  the  spirit.  7  But 
the  end  of  all  things  is  at  hand :  be  ye 
therefore  of  sound  mind,  and  be  sober  unto 
prayer :  8  above  all  things  being  fervent  in 
your  love  among  yourselves ;  for  love  cov- 
ereth  a  multitude  of  sins:  9  using  hospital- 
ity one  to  another  without  murmuring:  10 
according  as  each  hath  received  a  gift,  min- 
istering it  among  yourselves,  as  good  stew- 
ards of  the  manifold  grace  of  God.  (Read 
also  2  Peter  1:  5,  6.) 


Golden    Text:      Be    sober    unto    prayer. — 1    Peter  4:  7. 


"Be  not  drunk."     (Eph.  5:  18). 

"Abstain  from  every  form  of  evil" 
(i  Thessalonians  5:  22). 

These  are  commands  of  God.  Let 
us  do  away  with  that  common,  but 
false  idea  that  only  "the  ten  com- 
mandments" are  binding  on  us.  Those 
form  the  world's  constitution,  but 
there  are  hundreds  of  laws  in  the 
Bible  that  we  must  obey  "for  our 
good  always." 

Instead  of  repeating  here  such  les- 
son expositions  as  can  be  found  in 
lesson  helps,  we  shall  give  illustrations 
of  alcoholism  and  abstinence.  It  is 
only  by  abstaining  anyone  can  make 
sure  he  will  never  be  drunk-  Not  one 
of  the  millions  who  have  become 
drunkards,  intended  to  become  such. 
And  many  of  them  were  great  men, 
as  strong-minded,  certainly,  as  any  of 
us.  Here,  then,  is  the  first  reason  for 
abstinence,  that  only  the  man  who 
never  drinks  can  be  sure  he  will  never 
be  drunk.  Some  people  talk  as  if  a 
man  could  not  be  drunk  unless  he 
staggered  or  slept  in  stupor.  He  be- 
gins to  be  drunk  whenever  his  brain 


begins  to  be  affected  by  the  fuddle  of 
drink. 

A  very  small  boy  was  trying  to  lead 
a  big  St.  Bernard  up  the  road. 
"Where  are  you  going  to  take  the 
dog,  my  little  man  ?"  inquired  a  passer- 
by. "I — I'm  going  to  see  where — 
where  he  wants  to  go  first,"  was  the 
breathless   reply. 

Drink  puts  a  beast  at  the  helm  of 
life.  A  large  ship  navigating  the 
dangerous  channels  among  the  Fiji 
Islands  had  a  drinking  sailor  at  the 
helm,  who  fell  asleep  at  his  post. 
Whereupon  a  tame  monkey  took  the 
helm,  and  moved  the  wheel  about  imi- 
tatively,  but  with  no  knowledge  of 
the  course.  The  ship  soon  struck  a 
reef,  and  the  man  on  watch,  running 
back,  found  a  monkey  at  the  helm. 
The  ship  escaped  wreck,  but  the  man, 
who,  by  drunkenness,  puts  his  beastly 
nature  in  control  of  his  life,  while  his 
brain  sleeps  at  its  post,  usually  does 
not  escape.  In  certain  classes  of 
society,  it  is  not  regarded  as  very  bad 
to  get  drunk  on  great  occasions,  now 
and   then,   if   one   is    not   an    habitual 


192 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


drunkard.  But  one  cannot  afford  to 
lose  himself  even  once.  For,  it  has 
often  happened,  that  in  one  drunk, 
a  man  has  killed  his  wife  or  his 
friend,  or  lost  a  friend  for  life  by 
some  insulting  word  or  act.  Once  to 
let  go  the  reins  in  driving  a  spirited 
horse,  may  bring  the  fatal  runaway. 

Liqwor  Makes  Home  a  Hell. 

A  second  reason  for  abstaining  is 
that  even  if  one  never  gets  drunk  him- 
self, he  may,  by  a  tippling  example, 
lead  some  one  else  to  drunkenness  and 
its  awful  consequences,  which  never 
stop  with  the  victim  himself,  but  bring 
unspeakable  tragedies  to  his  home 
especially.  A  man  was  walking  rap- 
idly on  the  street  on  a  cold  winter 
day,  when  he  almost  tripped  over  a 
girl  about  four  years  old,  who  had 
fallen  on  the  sidewalk  in  front  of  him. 
As  he  picked  her  up  he  noted  that  she 
was  barefooted.  "Whew!"  he  said 
with  a  low  whistle,  "Barefooted  on 
such  a  day  as  this.  Why  don't  you 
run  home  and  put  on  your  shoes  and 
stockings  before  you  freeze  your 
toes?"  "Don't  dot  any  shoes  and 
stotin's."  "Don't  your  fatiier  buy 
you  any  shoes  and  stockings?"  "Oh, 
no ;  my  papa  gets  drunk." 

The  child's  remark  recalls  the  old 
but  effective  story  of  a  poor  working- 
man,  who  told  his  wife,  on  awakening 
one  morning,  a  curious  dream,  which 
he  had  during  the  night.  He  dreamed 
that  he  saw  coming  toward  him,  in 
order,  four  rats.  The  first  one  was 
very  fat,  and  was  followed  by  two 
lean  rats,  the  rear  rat  being  blind. 
The  dreamer  was  greatly  perplexed 
as  to  what  evil  might  follow,  as  it 
has  been  understood  that  to  dream  of 
rats  denotes  calamity.  He  appealed 
to  his  wife  concerning  this;  but  she, 
poor  woman,  could  not  help  him.  His 
son,  who  heard  his  father  tell  the 
story,  volunteered  to  be  the  interpreter. 
"The   fat  rat,"  he  said,   "is  the  man 


who  keeps  the  saloon  you  go  to  so 
often,  the  two  lean  rats  are  my  mother 
and  me,  and  the  blind  rat,  father,  is 
yourself." 

"Beer,"  said  one,  "is  a  great  flesh 
producer." 

"It  certainly  is,"  retorted  his  friend, 
"on  saloon-keepers.  But  beer  doesn"t 
produce  much  flesh  on  the  beer-drink- 
er's wife  and  children." 

A  Little  Child  Shall  Lead  Them. 

The  "Indianapolis  News"  tells  a 
story  of  a  little  girl  who  saved  her 
father  from  the  curse  of  drink.  It 
was  Esther's  tenth  birt'.day.  As  the 
father  started  for  business  he  said  to 
her,  "What  shall  I  get  you?  I  have 
just  fifteen  cents  in  my  purse.  "I 
don't  want  you  to  get  me  anything," 
but  I  want  you  to  promise  some- 
thing." "What?"  "That  you  won't 
drink  any  more."  "Go  along,  your 
mother  has  been  talking  to  you." 
Then  her  father  found  the  wife  and 
charged  her  with  talking  to  the  child 
about  his  drunkenness.  She  said 
she  had  not  said  a  word  about  it  to 
the  child,  and  then  she  buist  into 
tears.  Then  the  father  himself  was 
broken  up,  for  he  thought  that  al- 
though he  had  often  come  home  drunk 
at  night  he  had  kept  it  all  hidden  from 
his  children.  That  they  knew  of  his 
shame  brought  him  to  his  knees  with 
the  sobbing  prayer,  "Lord,  help  me. 
and  I  will  never  touch  liquor  again." 
Presently  Esther  came  in  saying, 
"Papa,  you're  going  to  make  me  the 
birthday  promise,  I  know  you  will." 
"Yes,  my  daughter,  and  I  will  put  a 
penny  in  your  bank  for  every  time  I  re- 
fuse a  glass.  In  two  weeks  there  were 
277  pennies  in  the  bank.  Then  came 
election  day,  and  his  drinking  friends 
rolled  a  keg  to  the  door,  but  he  rolled 
it  away  into  a  vacant  lot,  and  they 
took  it  back.  One  day,  when  he  had 
to  go  into  a  saloon  on  other  business, 
an  old-time  drinking  friend  put  a  ten- 


TJiC  Spirifiial  Cou(]ncrin<^  the  S/^lrihioits.  193 

they  shall  receive  tlieir  due  in  rebates 
l)v  beinc^  sej'jarately  classified. 


dollar  g^old  piece  in  a  iT;lass  of  beer 
and  toUl  him  that  tlie  f^old  was  his 
if  lie  wdiild  driiik  down  to  it.  J'lit 
he  said,  "I  will  not  drink  if  you  fill 
my  pockets  with  gold." 

It  is  idle  to  say  that  drinking  is  a 
man's  own  business  and  will  harm 
no  one  who  lets  it  alone.  It  is  often 
the  friends  and  neighbors  of  the 
drinking  man  who  suffer  most.  One 
day  a  man  was  cutting  thistles  out  by 
the  road.  Another,  passing  by,  asked 
him  why  he  was  cutting  those  thistles, 
remarking,  "They  are  not  on  your 
lot."  "No,"  replied  the  other,  "they 
are  not  on  my  lot  now,  but  if  left,  the 
seed  will  ripen  and  the  wind  will  blow 
them  to  my  lot,  and  then  I  will  have 
a  crop  of  thistles."  So  it  is  every 
man's  peril  to  have  a  saloon  in  his 
neighborhood  or  in  his  town,  or  even 
drinking  men,  for  the  thistles  will  not 
stav  in  the  saloon  or  in  the  drunk- 
ard's own  house.  Every  man's  prop- 
erty and  life  are  jeopardized,  and  all 
should  help  to  cut  the  thistles  by  the 
pledge  and  prohibition. 

"  Drinking  Health.  ** 

A  third  reason  for  abstinence  is 
that  even  moderate  drinking,  as  in- 
surance tables  show,  weakens  health 
and  shortens  life.  In  British  compan- 
ies, where  total  abstainers  and  moder- 
ate drinkers  are  classified  separately, 
and  rebates  are  divided  to  each  class 
in  proportion  as  it  falls  short  of  the 
expected  mortality,  it  has  been  found 
that  moderate  drinkers  die  about  as 
expected,  but  total  abstainers  persist 
in  outliving  their  appointed  time,  and 
get  twenty  to  thirty  per  cent,  rebates. 
In  one  company  out  of  the  13.000 
deaths  in  thirty  years,  total  abstain- 
ers gained  26.9  per  cent,  on  moderate 
drinkers.  Emory  McClintock,  the 
eminent  American  actuary,  shows  that 
abstainers  outlive  the  moderate  drink- 
ers to  the  same  degree  in  this  country, 
and  at  last  they  are  demanding  that 


Business  Requires  Abstinence. 

The  fourth  reason  is  that  even  mod- 
crate  drinking  interferes  with  business 
success,  which  should  be  sought  for 
noblest  ends.  Mr.  Andrew  Carnegie, 
the  v/orld's  best  known  embodiment  of 
business  success,  has  been  of  late 
uttering  many  an  exhortation  to  ab- 
stinence as  a  condition  of  industrial 
success.  For  example,  he  said  in  a 
letter  as  to  his  employees :  "Men  are 
not  required  to  be  total  abstainers, 
but  all  who  are  can  obtain  from  me 
a  gift  equal  to  ten  per  cent,  of  their 
wages,  wuth  my  best  wishes,  upon 
stating  that  they  have  abstained  for 
the  year.  I  consider  total  abstainers 
worth  ten  per  cent,  more  than  others, 
especially  if  coachmen,  yachtsmen,  or 
men  in  charge  of  machinery.  Indeed, 
I  prefer  them  for  all  situations." 

It  is  well  known  that  all  railroads 
require  abstinence  of  employees  on 
duty,  and  an  increasing  number  will 
not  employ  one  who  drinks  when  off 
duty,  because  the  fuddling  effects  will 
be  in  his  brain  when  he  comes  back 
to  w^ork.  Now  that  war,  especially 
in  navies,  is  becoming  so  much  like 
n"iachinery,  a  clear  brain  is  increas- 
ingly insisted  on  in  our  fighters. 
Some  boys  in  a  Presbyterian  Sunday 
school  class  did  not  like  some  of  the 
doctrines  in  a  temperance  lesson,  be- 
cause they  said  that  Dewey  and  his 
men  in  Manila  had  taken  liquor  while 
in' the  fight.  To  settle  the  matter, 
their  teacher  wrote  the  admiral  and 
received  the  following  reply :  "Dcir 
Madam  :  I  am  very  glad  to  have  an 
ooportunitv  of  correcting  the  impres- 
sion which  3rou  say  prevails  among 
vour  Sundav  school  scholars,  that  the 
wen  on  mv  fleet  were  given  liquor 
everv  twentv  minutes  during  the  battle 
of  Manila  Bav.  As  a  matter  of  fact, 
every  participant,   from  myself  down. 


194  World  Book  of 

fought  the  battle  of  Manila  Bay  on 
coffee  alone.  The  United  States 
laws  forbid  the  taking  of  liquor  aboard 
ship  except  for  medicinal  uses,  and 
we  had  no  liquor  that  we  could  have 
given  the  men,  even  had  it  been  de- 
sired to  do  so." 

A  fifth  reason  is  that  alcohol  inter- 
feres with  clear  thinking.  Dr.  Lor- 
enz,  the  eminent  European  surgeon, 
whose  recent  wonderful  feats  of  heal- 
ing performed  in  this  country  at-  ' 
tracted  such  wide-spread  interest, 
has  no  use  for  alcoholic  beverages, 
as  is  proven  by  the  following:  A 
banquet  was  given  in  his  honor 
in  New  York  City,  and  wine,  of 
course,  was  served.  The  eminent 
guest  declined  it,  and  politely  re- 
quested the  waiter  to  bring  him  a 
cup  of  tea.  This  caused  him  to  be 
asked  if  he  were  a  total  abstainer 
from  the  use  of  wines  and  other 
liquors.  His  answer  was  as  follows : 
"I  cannot  say  that  T  am  a  temperance 
agitator,  but  I  am  a  surgeon.  My 
success  depends  upon  my  brain  being 
clear,  my  muscles  firm,  and  my  nerves 
steady.  No  one  can  take  alcoholic 
liquors  without  blunting  these  phys- 
ical powers,  which  I  must  keep  always 
on  edge.  As  a  surgeon,  I  must  not 
drink." 

A  sixth  reason  is  that  spirituous 
influences  are  hostile  to  spiritual  con- 
ditions. There  is  a  tree  of  death  in 
Java.  The  natives  call  it  the  Kali 
Mujah.  Its  breath  would  kill  birds 
and  even  human  beings.  One  day 
when  Rev.  E.  S.  Ufford  was  chasing 
a  bird  of  paradise,  he  noticed  that  it 
dropped  suddenly  to  the  ground,  under 
a  tree.  He  examined  the  tree,  and 
began  himself  to  feel  strangely,  as  the 
odors  from  its  leaves  became  to  be  in- 
haled by  him.  His  head  swam,  and 
ringing  sounds  came  to  his  ears  as 
though  he  were  being  chloroformed. 
He  hastened  away  from  it,  but  pro- 
cured a  specimen  and  sent  it  to  Amer- 


Temperance. 

ica,  which,  it  is  said,  is  the  first  one 
transplanted  in  our  soil.  Such  a 
blighting  tree  is  planted  wherever  a 
saloon  is  opened,  which  blights  the 
body,  the  mind,  but  most  of  all  the 
soul.  No  one  can  be  at  once  "spir- 
ituous" and  spiritual. 
The  Dyke  of  Prohibition. 

Holland's  new  and  greatest  dyke 
may  fitly  illustrate  the  method  and 
the  results  of  shutting  out  the  ocean 
of  drink  from  any  country.  The 
dyke  is  to  be  twenty-five  miles  long, 
and  is  to  rescue  from  the  sea  787 
square  miles,  little  by  little — 24,000 
acres  annually.  It  will  take  thirty- 
three  years  and  cost  $16,000,000.  The 
only  dykes  that  have  been  successfully 
used  against  the  deadly  sea  of  drink 
are  abstinence  and  prohibition.  One 
of  the  most  picturesque  and  at  the 
same  time  effective  features  of  the 
Prohibition  movement  has  been  the 
participation  in  almost  every  contest 
of  the  young  people  and  school  chil- 
dren. Tens  of  thousands  of  boys  and 
girls  have  appealed  to  the  voters  of 
their  respective  communities  m  every 
way  that  might  be  expected  to  arrest 
the  thought  of  the  voter  and  win  his 
support  to  the  prohibition  standard. 
A  thousand  various  mottoes,  each 
with  its  earnest  plea  to  the  onlooker, 
have  been  borne  by  these  20th  century 
child  crusaders.  One  unique  inscrip- 
tion used  in  a  parade  of  3.000  children 
at  Blooniington,  111.,  made  this  prac- 
tical appeal :  "Beef  steak,  pork  steak, 
huckleberry  pie,  Bloomington  Town- 
ship must  go  dry."  Another :  "Vote 
yes.  Boys  are  worth  more  than  sa- 
loons." Another  which  attracted 
attention  in  a  Philadelphia  parade  had 
this  pointed  query:  "Mr.  Saloon- 
keeper, if  customers  were  your  boys, 
what  would  you  do?" 
Jenkins,  the  drunkard,  is  dying  to-day, 

With  trademark  of  sin  on  his  face. 
He'll  be  missed  at  the  club,  at  the  bar,  at 
the  play. 

Wanted — a  Iboy  for  t'he  place. 


THE   LONG   EXPECTED   CITY  THAT  HATH    FOUNDATIONS  WHOSE 
MAKER  AND   BUILDER  IS   GOD. 

Canon  Freemantle:  "The  Revelation  of  St.  John  ends  with  the  picture  of  the  Holy- 
City  and  it  is  to  tiiis  City  that  the  long  avenue  of  judgments,  of  plagues,  of  convulsions 
of  nature  and  of  society  lead  up.  It  stands  in  contrast  with  great  Babylon,  the  image 
of  greedy  and  callous  wealth,  among  the  wares  of  which  are  the  souls  of  men.  And  though 
this  picture  is  that  of  sensuous  imagery,  as  all  poetry  must  be,  we  feel  that  the  gates  of 
pearl  and  the  streets  of  gold,  and  the  City  lying  foursquare,  are  the  images  of  a  splendid 
society,  pure  and  loving  and  complete." 

JosiAH  Strong:  "I  believe  that  we  have  the  guarantee  of  that  Book  that  the  city  is  to 
be  saved.  Turn  to  the  beginning  of  it ;  there  we  see  man  in  a  garden.  It  is  a  vision  o£ 
perfect  beauty,  perfect  simplicity,  perfect  innocence,  oif  unfallen  because  of  untried  virtue, 
We  turn  to  the  closing  pages  of  this  Book,  and  again  we  see  a  picture  of  man  perfected. 
In  prophetic  vision  we  behold  not  the  beauty  of  innocence,  but  the  beauty  of  holiness,  not 
the  insecure  peace  of  virtue  untried,  but  the  established  peace  of  virtue  victorious.  In 
this  first  picture  we  see  individualistic  man ;  in  this  last  picture  we  see  socialized  man. 
[n  the  first,  unfallen  man  sustains  right  relations  to  his  Maker;  in  the  last,  redeemed  man 
has  come  into  right  relations  with  God  and  with  his  fellows.  The  beginning  of  this 
wondrous  drama  of  human  life  is  in  a  garden ;  its  consummation  is  in  a  city.  The  per- 
fected crown  of  civilization,  the  full  coming  of  the  Kingdom  of  God  in  the  earth  is  typified 
by  a  city,  a  holy  city,  into  which  shall  enter  nothing  unclean  or  that  maketh  a  lie.  Paradise 
lost  was  a  garden ;    Paradise  regained  will  be  a  city." 

John  Watson  (Ian  Maclaren)  :  "It  is  not  enough  that  we  seek  to  live — as  I  trust  by 
the  grace  of  God  we  are  living — so  that  when  this  life  is  over  we  may  enter  into  the  heav- 
enly Kingdom,  but  we  must  see  to  it  that  we  are  trying  to  bring  Heaven  nearer  to  the 
city  in  which  we  live;'  to  establish  that  city — this  city  of  yours,  my  Liverpool,  any  other 
man's  city  where  his  lot  is  cast,  the  city  of  his  habitation  and  love — to  establish  it  in  purity 
and  righteousness,  in  knowledge  and  understanding,  in  health  and  holiness,  according  to 
the  words  not  of  a  Hebrew,  but  an  English  poet : 

'I  may  uot  cease  from  mortal  flght,  nor  let  the  sword  slip  in  my  hand. 
Till  we  have  built  Jerusalem  in  England's  green  and  pleasant  land.'  " 

Henry  Drummond:  "Then  pass  out  into  the  city.  Do  all  to  it  that  you  have  done 
at  home.  Beautify  it,  ventilate  it,  drain  it.  Let  nothing  enter  into  it  that  can  defile  the 
streets,  the  stage,  the  newspaper  offices,  the  booksellers'  counters ;  nothing  that  maketh  a 
lie  in  its  warehouses,  its  manufactures,  its  shops,  its  art  galleries,  its  advertisements. 
Educate  it,  amuse  it,  church  it;  Christianize  capital,  dignify  labor;  join  councils  and  com- 
mittees ;  provide  for  the  poor,  the  sick  and  the  widows.     So  will  you  serve  the  city." 

W.A.SHINGT0N  Gladden  :  ".  .  .  There  is  need  of  thinking  much  of  a  kind  of  civic 
life  that  is  not  yet,  but  that  might  be,  and  that  ought  to  be  and  that  must  be  if  there  is  a 
God  in  Heaven;  a  city  whose  officers  shall  be  peace  and  whose  exactors  righteousness; 
a  city  whose  homes  shall  be  sacred  and  secure,  whose  traffic  shall  be  wholesome  and 
beneficent ;  whose  laborers  shall  go  forth  to  their  cheerful  toil  unburdened  by  the  heavy 
hand  of  legalized  monopolies;  whose  laws  shall  foster  no  more  curses,  nor  open  the  gates 
to  whatsoever  worketh  abomination  or  maketh  a  lie  ;  whose  streets  shall  be  full  of  happy 
children,  playing  in  safety  and  learning  the  great  lessons  of  civic  piety,  and  whose  citizens 
on  any  shore  shall  find  their  thoughts  turning  homeward  with  a  great  longing." 

Francis  Turner  Palgrave  : 

Whene'er  the  gentle  heart 

Finds  courage  from  above. 
Whene'er  the   heart   forsook 

Warms    with   the  breath  of  love; 
Where  faith  bids  fear  depart, 
City  of  God !  thou  art. 


196 


World  Book  of  Temperance, 


The  Holy  City  Coming  Down* 


Revelation    21:     1-7,    22-27. 


1  And  I  saw  a  new  heaven  and  a  new 
earth:  for  the  first  heaven  and  the  first 
earth  are  passed  away;  and  the  sea  is  no 
more.  2  And  I  saw  the  boly  city,  new  Jeru- 
salem, coming  down  out  of  heaven  from 
God,  made  ready  as  a  bride  adorned  for  her 
husband.  3  And  I  heard  a  great  voice  out 
of  the  throne  saying,  Behold,  the  tabernacle 
of  God  is  with  men,  and  he  shall  dwell  with 
them,  and  they  shall  be  hi^  people,  and 
God  himself  shall  be  with  them,  and  be  their 
God :  4  and  he  shall  wipe  away  every  tear 
from  their  eyes :  and  death  shall  be  no 
more ;  neither  shall  there  be  mourning,  nor 
crying,  nor  pain  any  more :  the  first  things 
are  passed  away.  5  And  he  that  sitteth  on 
the  throne  said,  Behold,  I  make  all  things 
new.  And  he  saith,  Write  :  for  these  words 
are  faithful  and  true.  6  And  he  said  unto 
me.  They  are  come  to  pass.  I  am  the  Alpha 
and  the  Omega,  the  beginning  and  the  end. 


I  will  give  unto  him  that  i;  athirst  of  the 
fountain  of  the  water  of  Hfe  freely.  7 
He  that  overcometh  shall  inherit  these 
things ;    and  I  will  be  his  God,  and  he  shall 

be   my    son 22    And    I    saw    no 

temple  therein  :  for  the  Lord  God  Almighty, 
and  the  Lamb,  are  the  temple  thereof.  23 
And  the  city  hath  no  need  of  the  sun,  nei- 
ther of  the  moon  to  shine  upon  it :  for  the 
glory  of  God  did  lighten  it,  and  the  lamp 
thereof  is  the  Lamb.  24  And  the  nations 
shall  walk  amidst  the  light  thereof:  and  the 
kings  of  the  earth  bring  their  glory  into  it. 
25  And  the  gates  thereof  shall  in  no  wise 
be  shut  by  day  (for  there  shall  be  no  night 
there)  :  26  and  they  shall  bring  the  glory 
and  the  honor  of  the  nations  into  it:  27  and 
there  shall  in  no  wise  enter  into  it  anything 
unclean,  or  he  that  maketh  an  abomination 
and  a  lie  :  but  only  they  that  are  written  in 
the  Lamb's  book  of  life. 


Golden  Text  : 


He  looked  for  the  city  zuhich  hath  the  foimdations,  zvhose  builder  and 
maker  is  God. — Heb.   11 :   10. 


The  International  Lesson  Com- 
mittee, in  selecting  this  as  the  quar- 
terly temperance  lesson,  must  have 
had  in  mind  some  such  thought  as 
prompted  Lay3'ah  Barakat,  when  she 
had  left  the  Mohammedan  country  of 
her  birth,  and  had  come  as  a  mission- 
ary convert  to  America,  where  women 
are  treated  so  much  better,  to  say, 
"Your  land  would  be  Heaven  if  the 
drink  were  not  here."  She  iound  our 
country  a  heaven  beside  her  own 
Syria,  except  in  the  drink  habit,  in 
which  we  are  worse  than  Moham- 
medans, whose  one  great  virtue  is  that 
they  are  total  abstainers,  save  as 
European  and  American  example  has 
influenced  them  for  evil.  The  statis- 
tics of  the  New  York  State  Commis- 
sion of  Prisons  (quoted  ''Literary  Di- 
gest," January  26,  1901),  show  that  in 
the  year  ending  October  i,  1900,  one- 


third  of  all  the  commitments  to  penal 
institutions  in  that  State  were  for 
drunkenness,  besides  those  punished 
by  fines  only,  which  would  raise  the 
convictions  for  drunkenness  to  one- 
half  the  total.  And  many  more  not 
credited  to  drink  should  be  added. 
Let  any  one  imagine  that  in  his  own 
neighborhood  every  quarrel,  crime, 
vice,  deformity,  want  and  sorrow  due 
to  drink  banished  from  the  homes  and 
streets — what  a  Heaven  it  would  be ! 

The  City  of   Cain   and   the   City   of 
Christ* 

"The  New  Jerusalem  coining  doivn 
from  God  out  of  Heaven."  In  the 
opening  pages  of  the  Bible  sin 
introduces  us  to  the  city.  God  made 
the  country,  but  Cain  made  the 
town.  Cain  built  the  first  city,  and 
has  been   the   leading  spirit   in   cities 


198 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


ever  since.  But  in  the  closing  pages 
of  the  Bible  we  are  assured  that  the 
City  of  Christ  is  now  building  on  the 
earth. 

Our  unbelief  has  made  us  think 
of  the  heavenly  city  as  a  city  in 
Heaven,  which  is  a  very  different 
thing.  The  Bible  plainly  declares 
that  the  New  Jerusalem,  the  righteous 
city,  built  on  the  square,  but  with  110 
court-house  in  the  centre,  is  a  city 
"let  down  from  God  out  of  Heaven," 
a  city  on  earth  in  which  the  law  of 
Christ  is  to  be  really,  though  not  fully, 
dominant. 

When  we  speak  of  a  "holy  man" 
we  do  not  mean  a  perfect,  or  even  a 
sinless  man,  but  one  in  whose  life  the 
law  of  God  is  supreme.  One  hundred 
such  holy  people  may  surely  form  a 
holy  village,  as  indeed  they  do  in  the 
mountains  of  Burma,  where  missionary 
converts  form  new  communities  in 
wlijch  the  law  of  Christ  rules  not  only 
the  individual  relations  of  the  man  to 
God,  but  also  the  social  relations  of 
man  to  man  in  business  and  politics 
and  pleasure,  to  the  prohibition  of 
polvgamy.  drink  and  opium.  If  there 
can  be  Christian  villages,  theie  can  be 
a  Christian  city — and  will  be  when  we 
get  rid  of  that  worst  form  of  unbelief 
which  assumes  that  the  Gospel  is  not 
practicable  in  business  and  politics. 

As  the  family,  the  holv  family  of 
Eden,  is  the  point  of  departure  in 
social  study,  its  goal  is  the  holy  city 
''let  down  from  God,"  the  kingdom 
of  Heaven,  a  divinely-ordered,  di- 
vinely-promised, human  and  humane 
society  of  justice  and  purity  and  lib- 
erty and  equality  and  charity  and  fra- 
ternitv  and  humanity,  in  which  God's 
will  is  to  be  done  on  earth  as  it  is 
done  in  Heaven. 

"What  is  the  Kingdom  of  Heaven? 

The  central  theme  of  both  Testa- 
ments is  this  "kingdom  of  Heaven," 
which  is  interpreted  by  the  words  of 


the  Lord's  Prayer.  "Thy  kingdom 
come.  Thy  will  be  done,  as  in  Heaven 
so  on  earth." 

This  is  a  Hebrew  parallelism,  in 
which,  as  in  the  Psalms,  the  second 
line  explains  the  first.  Men  debate, 
"What  is  the  kingdom?"  There  is  no 
room  for  controversy.  Christ  an- 
swers without  figure  of  speech  :  It  is 
the  doing  of  God's  will,  as  in  Heaven, 
so  on  earth — the  word  "kingdom" 
conveying  the  additional  truth  that  it 
is  not  merely  the  individual  doing  of 
that  will,  but  social  obedience  to  God's 
law.  Could  Christ  have  taught  us 
to  pray  for  what  was  not  to  be?  His 
command  so  to  pray  is  an  implied 
promise  that  His  will  is  sometime  to 
be  so  done,  as  in  Heaven,  so  on  earth. 

Matthew's  phrase,  "The  kingdom 
of  Heaven,"  is  manifestly  a  conden- 
sation of  the  two  phrases  we  have 
quoted  from  the  Lord's  Prayer,  and, 
like  them,  means  a  community  in 
which  God's  will  is  done  on  earth  as 
in  Heaven.  Another  parallel  passage 
is  "the  holy  city  coming  down," 
which  means  a  city  into  which  the 
customs  of  Heaven  have  "come 
down,"  a  city  in  which  God's  will  is 
done,  as  in  Heaven,  so  on  earth.  If 
this  seems  a  hard  saying,  contrast  the 
cities  of  Christendom,  not  only  with 
the  New  Jerusalem  of  the  future,  but 
also  with  Rome  of  the  past,  where 
the  most  cultured  men  and  the  most 
pious  women  found  their  supreme 
pleasure  in  seeing  beasts,  gladiators 
and  martyrs  "butchered  to  make  a 
Roman   holiday." 

Behold  thy  Kins:  cometh  unto  thee, 
O  city  of  sin,  the  old  Jerusalem, 
where  even  Christ  is  sold  for  silver; 
but  by  the  leaven  of  His  love  and  law 
thou  shalt  become  the  new  Jerusa- 
lem, a  Christianized  society,  whose 
traders  and  rulers  shall  no  longer  be 
confused  and  alarmed  wlien  the  cry 
is  heard,  "Where  is  he  that  is  born 
King?" 


The  Holy  City  Coiuini^  Dozvn. 


We  are  by  no  means  willing  to 
accept  tliat  "doctrine  of  devils"  that 
all  cities  must  be  Sodoms  to  our  boys. 
All  througli  the  Bible,  from  Abraham, 
who  sought  "a  city  that  hath  founda- 
tions, whose  Maker  and  l^uilder  is 
God,"  to  John,  beholding  the  Chris- 
tian city  "coining  dozen  from  God  out 
of  Heaven,  prophetic  souls  expected, 
and  prophets  of  to-day  still  expect,  the 
city  of  Cain  to  give  place  to  the  city 
of  Christ  in  this  zvorld.  That  is  the 
plain  meaning  of  Christ's  prayer, 
which  is  also  a  promise  that  His  will 
shall  some  time  be  so  "done  on  earth 
as  in  Heaven."  This  involves  no  in- 
credible miracle,  but  only  the  exten- 
sion of  the  unselfishness  often  seen  in 
the  family  to  the  whole  brotherhood 
of  man.  It  will  come  when  fathers 
elect  such  "city  fathers"  as  shall  count 
"home  protection''  their  chief  duty. 

The  man  who  has  not  with  Christ 
wept  over  the  sinful  city — not  over 
sinful  individuals  alone — has  not  yet 
discovered  the  second  hemisphere  of 
social  Christianity.  (Matt.  22:  21, 
39).  The  writer  coming  into  such 
a  city  as  New  York  after  one  of  its 
relapses  into  Tammanyism,  or  into 
some  others,  which  do  not  have  even 
an  occasional  lucid  interval  of  revolt 
against  /'a  worse  enslavement  under 
the  other  brand  of  politics,  wonders  at 
the  utter  lack  of  guilty  shame  on  the 
part  of  the  churches  which  might  and 
should  have  secured  at  least  decent 
city  government.  Some  pastors  do 
not  weep  over  the  city,  but  think 
only  wayward  parishioners  fitting 
occasion  for  prayers  and  tears. 
Christ's  tears  over  Jerusalem  are  tears 
over  a  city's  lost  opportunity.  Christ 
forgot  His  own  physical  death  in  la- 
menting the  greater  tragedy  of  a  city 
committing  suicide. 

The  most  telling  appeal  for  moral 
street  cleaning  in  our  cities  is  that 
which  is  made  in  defense  of  youth. 
Jacob  regulated  the  movements  of  his 


199 

caravan  "according  to  the  pace  of  the 
children."     So  we  must  regulate  our 
city    streets    with    due    regard    to    the 
children  that  must  pass  through  them  ' 
in  their  age  of  adolescence.    (See  p. 

There  is  an  increasing  number  of 
modern  "seers"  who  believe  in  such 
a  city,  and  are  helping  to  build  it. 

Hugh  Price  Hughes  has  said : 
"Christ  came  to  create  in  this  world 
the  Christian  City,  where  law  is  ad- 
ministered in  the  name  of  justice  and 
humanity ;  where  the  poor,  the  sick, 
the  solitary  are  wisely  and  tenderly 
benefited  ;  where  the  young  are  trained 
in  beautiful  thoughts  and  lofty  ideals ; 
where  art,  literature  and  science 
flourish ;  where  the  welfare  of  all  is 
the  solicitude  and  the  delight  of  each ; 
that  fair  city  of  God,  in  fact,  of  which 
St.  John  had  so  bewitching  a  vision, 
where  disease  ravages  no  more,  where 
the  voice  of  complaining  is  not  heard 
in  the  streets,  where  pauperism  and 
crime  and  drunkenness  and  gambling 
and  debauchery  are  forgotten  insani- 
ties of  a  dismal  and  buried  past." 

Dr.  Everett  D.  Burr  says :  "It  is 
theirs  who  bear  the  name  of  Christ 
to  have  their  hearts  filled  with  the  sub- 
lime visions  of  the  new  city  descending 
out  of  Heaven  from  God.  and,  coming 
down  from  the  great  and  high  moun- 
tain of  vision,  work  out  in  the  valley 
of  toil  the  pattern  they  have  seen  of 
the  city  which  hath  no  need  of  the 
sun  nor  of  the  moon  to  shine  in  it, 
whose  gates  are  not  shut  by  day, 
for  there  is  no  night  there,  neither 
shall  there  be  any  more  death,  neither 
sorrow  nor  crying — a  city  without  the 
slums,  a  city  of  hope,  a  city  of  homes, 
a  cit)^  of  industry." 

Dr.  Mathewson  writes :  "Thou  art 
descending,  O  city  of  God ;  I  see 
thee  coming  nearer  and  nearer. 
Tongues  are  dead ;  prophesies  are  dy- 
ing; but  charity  is  born.  Our  castles 
rise  into  the  air  and  vanish;  but  love 


200 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


is  bending  lower  every  day.  Man 
says,  'Let  us  make  a  tower  on  earth 
which  shall  reach  unto  Heaven;'  but 
God  says,  'Let  us  make  a  tower  in 
Heaven  that  shall  reach  unto  the 
earth/  O  descending  city,  O  hu- 
manitarian city,  O  city  for  the  out- 
cast and  forlorn,  we  hail  thee,  we  greet 
thee,  we  meet  thee !  All  the  isles  wait 
for  thee — the  lives  riven  from  the 
mainland  —  the  isolated,  shunted, 
stranded  lives.  They  sing  a  new 
song  at  thy  coming,  and  the  burden 
of  its  music  is  this:  'He  hath  pre- 
pared for  me  a  city.'  " 

And  Henry  Drummond  has  said : 
"To  make  cities — that  is  what  we  are 
here  for.  To  make  good  cities — that 
is  for  the  present  hour  the'  main  work 
of  Christianity.  For  the  city  is  stra- 
tegic. It  makes  the  towns ;  the  towns 
I  make  the  villages,  the  villages  make 
(the  country.  He  who  makes  the  city, 
makes  the  world." 

Temperance  Tout  of  the  "World* 

"A)id  God  shall  zvipc  azvay  all  tears 
.  .  .  and  the  nations  of  thcui  ivhich 
are  saved  shall  ivalk  in  the  light." 
Such  a  "new  earth,"  with  "light"  in 
place  of  "tears,"  must  be  an  earth 
from  which  the  drink  evil  has  been 
driven.  Whatever  poetic  exagger- 
ation there  may  be  in  this  story,  it 
is  certain  that  there  is  no  way  by 
which  we  can  help  more  to  abolish 
the  "tears"  and  increase  the  "light" 
of  this  world,  than  by  doing  what 
can  be  done  by  example  and  voice 
and  vote  to  banish  the  drink  demon 
that  makes  so  much  of  earth  a  hell 
when  it  might  otherwise  be  "a  heaven 
begun  below." 

Here  it  is  appropriate  to  recall  that 
one  of  the  twelve  precious  stones  in 
the  wall  of  the  holy  citv,  all  of  wlv'rii 
had  a  symbolic  meaning,*  wn?  tlic 
amethvst,      which      means,      without 


♦In  Mrs.  Whitney's  "Ilitlierto"  there  is  a 
Vantifiil  intorprotation  of  the  symbolic  mean- 
ing of  these  precious  stones. 


drunkenness.  The  stone  was  con- 
sidered anciently  a  charm  against 
intoxication,  but  in  the  holy  city  it 
proclaims  a  city  without  the  woes 
that  come  from  wine.  Every  no  license 
city  is  approaching  to  that  ideal. 

Let  us  by  the  lightning  express  of 
thought  go  round  the  world  and  see 
the  "tears" — the  "light,"  also,  if  there 
be  any — that  a  temperance  tour  of 
"nations"  will  reveal.  Crossing  the 
sea  we  find  the  British  Government 
making  gradual  emancipation  of  its 
people  from  drink  by  a  slow  appli- 
cation of  local  option  the  chief  item 
in  its  program.  We  recall  that  a  few 
years  ago  the  British  people  were 
greatly  excited  about  the  discovery  of 
"arsenic  in  beer."  But  the  worst 
poison  ever  found  in  drink  is  the 
alcohol.  Our  next  stop  is  in  Ger- 
many, whose  consumption  of  twice  as 
much  beer  per  capita  as  the  Unite  J 
States  does  not  prevent  the  drinking 
twice  as  much  of  the  stronger  liquors. 
France,  where  our  lightning  express 
next  pauses  a  moment,  through  its 
statesmen  and  scientists  laments  that 
its  population  is  declining,  because, 
for  one  thing,  the  general  use  of  wine 
has  not  kept  its  people  from  drink- 
ing more  of  the  stronger  liquors  in 
proportion  to  population  than  most 
other  nations  of  the  world.  And  now 
we  pause  in  Spain,  which  is  the  most 
temperate  country  in  Europe,  partly 
because  it  was  for  two  hundred  years 
under   Mohammedan   prohibition. 

That  has  also  proved  a  breakwater 
to  the  tidal  wave  of  drhik  in  Africa, 
through  whicli  we  now  speed.  The 
west  coast  is  "one  long  gin-shop  and 
graveyard."  Missionaries  tell  us  that 
millions  die  there  every  year  of  Hol- 
land gin  and  New  England  rum.  and 
ether  deadly  drinks  with  which  so- 
called  Christian  nations  are  making 
ten  times  as  many  drunkards  as  Chris- 
tians. Slaverv  slew  its  thousands,  but 
drink  is  slaying  its  ten  thousands.  But 


The  Holy  City  Coining  Down. 


201 


"light"  is  breaking  in  "Darkest  Af- 
rica." In  treaties  of  1890,  1899  and 
1906  seventeen  nations,  Christian  and 
Mohammedan,  agreed  to  protect  the 
natives  of  those  portions  of  Africa  not 
previously  protected  by  Mohamme- 
dan lav^s  in  the  north  and  by  British 
laws  in .  the  south,  against  the  white 
luan's  "fire-water." 

The  first  treaty  declares  this  is  done 
because  of  the  "moral  and  material 
consequences  to  which  the  abuse  of 
spirituous  liquors  subjects  the  native 
population."  It  is  found  that  this 
traffic  injures  not  only  the  good  name, 
but  also  the  trade  of  Christian  na- 
tions, illustrating  the  great  truth  that 
in  national,  as  well  as  personal  life, 
righteousness  is  not  only  the  best 
principle  but  also  the  best  policy.  On 
we  go  to  Madagascar,  whose  Chris- 
tian queen  refused  to  license  drink! 
to  make  a  revenue  out  of  the  misfor- 
tunes and  vices  of  her  subjects, 
decreeing  prohibition  instead,  until 
overruled  by  France. 

On  we  speed,  into  the  island  world 
of  the  Pacific,  in  behalf  of  which  a 
petition  for  protection  against  intoxi- 
cants and  opium  .las  been  presented 
to  the  great  nations  of  the  world  by 
the  International  Reform  Bureau. 

And  now  we  pause  in  New  Zealand 
and  Australia,  the  social  experiment 
stations  of  the  world,  leaders  in  ballot 
reform  and  women  suffrage  and  in- 
dustrial arbitration,  and,  next  to  Can- 
ada, smallest  consumers  of  intoxicants. 
Canada  consumed  at  the  opening  of 
the  twentieth  century  about  four  gal- 
lons per  capita,  Australasia  twelve, 
and  the  Ignited  States  eigliteen — all 
ether  white  countries  carrying  a 
heavier  "load"  of  this  "White  man's 
burden."  Australia's  contribution  to 
the  new  earth  is  in  slowly  increasing 
areas  of  local  prohibition  despite  the 
unfair  handicap  put  upon  it  in  rcquir- 
insr   a    three-fifths    maiorlt^•. 

We    pause    a    moment    in    Japan, 


where  prohibition  of  opium  is  counted 
one  of  the  reasons  for  its  superiority 
to  China,  and  where  prohibition  of 
tobacco  is  in  force  for  those  under 
twenty. 

We  end  our  tour  for  the  present 
in  China,  now  free  to  suppress  the 
opium  curse,  which  Minister  Wu  Ting 
Fang  assured  us  the  Chmese  Gov- 
ernment is  as  eager  to  do  as  when, 
in  1840-42,  the  opium  war  repealed 
the  prohibition  previously  proclaimed 
by  a  noble  Emperor,  Tao  Kwang,  who 
said,  when  an  opium  license  was  pro- 
posed, "I  cannot  receive  any  revenue 
from  that  which  causes  misery  and 
suffering  to  my  people."  What  a 
noble  rebuke  to  tl:e  license  policy 
which   so  many  Christians  support ! 

We  return  across  the  Pacific,  in 
good  hope  that  the  half-civilized  peo- 
ple O'f  the  world  will  soon  be  emanci- 
pated from  rum  and  opium. 

What  One  Can  Do. 

Without  waiting  for  organized 
reformatory  efifort,  even  an  army 
of  one  may  set  forces  at  work  to 
abolish  the  saloon  in  his  own  town, 
so  helping  over  against  his  own 
door  to  make  a  "new  earth."  In 
one  of  her  national  addresses.  Miss 
Willard  told  tlie  story  of  a  man 
who  rode  into  an  English  village 
and  eagerly  sought  a  public  house 
where  he  might  quench  his  thirst 
with  a  glass  of  his  favorite  ale.  He 
was  informed  that  in  that  town  there 
was  no  house  where  intoxicating 
beverages  could  be  had.  He  asked 
the  meaning  of  this  most  extraordi- 
nary state  of  things.  The  answer 
was :  "About  a  hundred  years  ago 
a  man  named  John  Wesley  lived  in 
this  town."  When  such  men  have 
made  such  changes  in  most  of  the 
towns  of  our  old  earth  it  will  l:c  a 
"new  earth,"  indeed,  and  a  "new 
heaven"  below. 


202 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


203 


A  Temperance  Tour  of  the  World* 

Great  Britain.  France. 


"Donald  Campbell,  is 
/there  any  old  Scotch 
whiskey  in  Scotland,  now?" 

"I'lenty,  plenty,  more 
than's  good  for  them  that 
driulj  it.  We  brownies 
never  taste  it.  But  we  go 
round  as  brownie  police  on 
the  Sabbath  day  lookin' 
for  the  open  bars,  and  we 
find  them  shut  up  tight.  If 
any  one  is  a  traveler  he 
can  get  a  drink  by  ringing 
the  bell  of  the  barroom. 
But  we  have  some  good 
temperance  hotels  and 
there  is  no  temperance 
society  in  the  world  that 
strikes  the  drink  habit  and 
the  drink  traffic  harder  than 
our  Scottish  Temperance 
Society,  which  is  o'  and  o' 
for    total     abstinence    and 

*A^cotch  Brownie. 

It  is  passing  strange  that  the  race  that 
has  been  foremost  in  giving  the  world 
religious  and  civil  liberty,  and  in  promoting 
missions  and  charities,  has  been  the  worst 
in  the  world  in  alcoholic  enslavement  of 
its  own  people.  And  no  less  strange  is  it 
that  after  a  thousand  years  of  vain  effort 
by  moderation  and  taxation  to  check  this 
drink  curse,  which,  as  Parliament  has 
recognized,  is  producing  "national  degener- 
acy," the  same  old  restrictions  that  do  not 
restrict  are  being  repeated  over  and  over 
again. 

The  most  hopeful  signs  in  Britain  are : 
that  abstainers  are  increasing,  and  that 
a  majority  of  the  present  Parliament  has 
declared  for  local  option,  which,  however, 
is  likely  to  be  handicapped  not  only  by  the 
provision  of  "compensation"  for  liquor 
dealers  to  the  full  value  of  their  business 
when  they  are  closed  out,  but  also  by  the 
requirement  of  a  three-fifths  majority.  The 
worst  man  or  measure  can  be  elected  under 
the  accepted  doctrine  of  majority  rule  by 
one  majority,  but  three-fifths  of  the  total 
vote  on  three  or  more  propositions  is  re- 
quired, wherever  local  option  is  in  force 
in  the  British  Empire,  to  suppress  the 
worst  foe  of  the  home,  of  honest  business 
and  of  pure  politics,  toward  which  for 
these  three  reasons  the  attitude  of  govern- 
ment should  be  that  of  prohibition. 

*As  a  hint  to  those  who  may  wish  to  make  this  "tour"  more  interesting  to  boys  and  girls 
we  Introduce  several  of  many  brownies  from  Mrs.  Craft's  "Brownies'  Temperance  Tour  of  the 
World,"  published  by  the  National  Temperance  Society,  3  East  14th  St.,  New  York  City,  U.  S.  A. 
Ten  cents,  postpaid.  Brownies  in  the  costume  of  each  country  should  be  drawn  on  great  manila 
sheets,  or  on  the  blackboard,  one  by  one,  or.  If  drawn  in  advance,  uncovered,  one  by  one,  or  may  well 
be  developed  by  costumes  worn  by  real  children,  each  of  whom  meets  an  international  brownie, 
as  he  goes  fiom  booth  to  bootli,  in  a  circle  on  tne,  stage,  and  replies  in  a  little  speech  to  his 
two  questions,  "What  Intoxicating  drinks  does  your  country  use?"  "What  are  good  people  doing 
to  stop  this?"    EtLCh  brownie  should  keep  in  hiding  till  the  international  brownie  gets  to  hia  booth. 


I'ierre  Loubet :  "Every- 
body knows  that  France  Is 
the  greatest  wine  growing 
country  in  the  world.  The 
wine  makes  our  folks  wish 
for  stronger  drink,  such  as 
absinthe,  and  our  learned 
men  think  that  is  why  our 
country  is  a  dying  nation, 
with  more  coffins  than 
cradles.  The  city  govern- 
ments are  putting  up  post- 
ers, with  our  mottoes, 
'Liberty,  Equality,  Fratern- 
ity,' to  warn  the  people 
against  Alcoholism,  the 
chronic  poisoning  that 
comes  from  daily  tippling 
even  when  one  never  gets 
drunk." 

A  French  Brotvnie. 

Revenue  statistics  gathered  from  all 
civiHzed  governments  through  British  and 
American  consuls  in  the  twentieth  century 
show  that  while  France  drinks  more  wine 
than  any  other  country — and  the  purest 
wine,  for  they  get  it  out  of  their  own  vine- 
yards, before  the  general  adulteration, 
which  has  caused  the  recent  riots  of  French 
wine  growers — France  also  drinks  more 
distilled  liquors  per  capita  than  any  other 
country,  a  complete  refutation  of  the 
theory  that  a  free  use  of  wine  would  crowd 
out  whiskey.  (Germany  teaches  the  same 
lesson  as  to  beer.) 

But  France  also  has  given  the  temper- 
ance forces  of  the  world  a  banner  for  th* 
vanguard,  inscribed  with  "Alcoholism," 
rather  than  "Drunkenness,"  as  the  foe  to 
be  fought.  In  posters  put  up  by  city  gov- 
ernments in  France,  which  British  cities 
have  copied  with  improvements,  France 
proclaims  to  the  world  that  daily  tippling 
which  falls  short  of  drunkenness  produces 
the  chronic  alcoholic  poisoning  known  to 
capable  physicians  as  "alcoholism,"  which, 
though  it  may  not  be  as  dangerous  as 
drunkenness  to  the  drinkers'  neighbors,  is 
more  likely  to  blight  his  own  health  and 
that  of  his  children's  children. 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


-04 

Scandinavia. 

Amateurs  in  temperance  work  think  of 
Scandinavia  as  the  home  of  the  "Gothen- 
burg System,"  which  is  supposed  to  have 
removed  about  all  the  evils  of  the  liquor 
traffic,  namely,  those  arising  from  pri- 
vate cupidity,  inducing  people  to  drink 
more  and  oftener  than  they  would  if  left 
to  act  on  their  own  impulses.  It  has  been 
assumed  that  there  would  be  no  cupidity 
to  promote  drinking  if  the  barkeepers  were 
hired  by  the  state  or  a  company  expecting 
only  four  per  cent,  dividend  instead  of  an 
individual  owner,  and  the  profits  were  di- 
vided among  taxpayers  and  philanthropic 
and  religious  instiiutions.  But  surely  one 
must  have  very  little  knowledge  of  human 
nature  who  thinks  it  is  "disinterested  man- 
agement'' to  substitute  the  widespread  cu- 
pidity of  bondholders  and  officeholders  and 
taxpayers  and  philanthropists  for  the  con- 
centrated cupidity  of  a  few  liquor  dealers. 

The  argument  for  the  "Gothenburg 
System,"  because  of  a  reduction  in  liquor 
consumption  in  Norway  since  this  system 
was  introduced,  is  a  bad  case  of  the  logical 
fallacy  "after,  therefore  because  of"  {[>ost 
hoc,  ergo  propter  hoc),  as  was  proved  at 
the  anniversary  of  the  stalwart  Scottish 
Temperance  Society  in  Glasgow,  in  1906,  by 
a  member  of  Parliament,  who  showed  that 
a  reduction  similar  to  that  of  Norway  had 
occurred  in  the  neighboring  country  of 
Denmark,  which  has  no  Gothenburg  sys- 
tem. The  decline  in  both  was  manifestly 
due  in  the  main  to  causes  working  to  like 
degree  in  both,  namely,  to  the  increase  of 
total  abstinence  and  local  prohibition.  In- 
deed, Gothenburg  itself  has  given  up  the 
svstem  there  originated  for  local  prohibi- 
tion, which  is  now  the  "Gothenburg  Sys- 
tem." 


Central  Europe. 

Although  beer  drinking  shows  little  if 
any  abatement  in  Central  Europe,  the 
medical  professors  there  are  leading  the 
learned  world  in  investigations  of  alcohol, 
and  especially  of  beer,  which  they  proclaim 
to  be  promotive  of  Brights'  disease  and 
other  kidney  troubles,  of  dropsy  also,  and 
rheumatism  and  tuberculosis.  Professor 
Forel,  after  a  tour  of  the  United  States, 
spoke  of  the  "crass  ignorance"  he  found 
among  American  college  professors  as  to 
recent  scientific  investigations  of  alcohol. 

The  committee  on  the  alcoholic  liquor 
traffic  in  the  Russian  Douma.  which 
attracted  attention  by  recommending  local 
prohibition    in    that    conservative    country, 


made  the  startling  recommendation  in  a 
report  to  the  Douma,  that  a  skull  and 
crossbones  be  substituted  for  the  impeiial 
eagle  on  the  whiskey  labels,  with  these 
words  following:  "Men!  Although  you 
have  bought  this  liquor,  yet  know  that  >ou 
are  drinking  poison,  \vhich  destroys  you. 
Before  it  is  too  late,  quit.  Buy  not  another 
bottle." — Ministry  of  Finance. 


Hans  Niigel  :  "Men, 
women  and  children  drink 
beer  and  wine  in  Ger- 
many. Some  people  think 
beer  keeps  people  from 
drinking  whiskey,  but  Ger- 
mans are  not  prevented  by 
drinking  twice  as  much 
beer  as  Americans  from 
drinking  twice  as  much 
whiskey  also.  The  best 
thing  about  Germany  is 
that  the  learned  men  are 
studying  alcohol,  and 
warning  the  people  that 
it  injures  health,  and 
that  the  'beer  pause'  in 
factories  is  bad  for  Ger- 
man industry." 


A  Oerman  Brownie. 


Africa. 

Three  times  the  great  nations  of  the 
world  have  held  conferences  in  Brussels, 
in  1890.  1899  and  1906,  to  counteract  the 
"moral  and  material  injury  wrought  by 
the  liquor  traffic''  in  Africa.  In  1890  they 
established  a  prohibitory  zone  in  the  Congo 
country,  forbidding  all  sales  of  distilled 
liquors  in  that  zone,  with  most  salutary  re- 
sults, as  is  admitted  even  by  those  who 
have  found  most  occasions  to  attack  the 
management  of  that  country.  This  plan  of 
establishing  a  prohibitory  zone,  which  the 
Americans  have  also  followed  in  the  Indian 
Territory,  we  believe  is  the  right  one  for 
all  countries  where  a  majority  of  the  in- 
habitants are  of  the  child  races. 

It  is  not  enough  to  forbid  the  sales  to 
natives,  as  is  abundantly  proved  in  Fiji 
to-day,  where  such  a  law  is  easily  and  fre- 
quently violated.  Much  less  is  it  sufficient 
to  raise  the  tax,  which  was  the  foolish  and 
incfifective  policy  adopted  for  Africa  by  the 
Brussels  Conference  of  1899.  This  did  not 
even  check  the  rapid  increase  of  liquor 
consumption  and  its  consequences,  and  yet 
raising  the  tax  again  was  all  that  was  ac- 
complished in  Brussels  in  1906.  To  that 
conference  of  nations,  however,  Ex-Presi- 
dent Roosevelt  sent  a  proposal  that  may  be 
adopted  later  when  the  tax  failure  has  been 
sufficiently   shown:   that   the    civilized  na- 


A  Temperance  Tour  of  the  World. 


20  ■ 


tions  shall  unitedly  forbid  all  sales  of  in- 
toxicants and  opium  to  all  uncivilized  and 
niwly  civilized  races. 

Western  and  Central  Asia. 

Dr.  Henry  Jessup,  the  veteran  mission- 
ary in  Beirut,  said  to  a  shipload  of  Ameri- 
can travelers:  '"I  have  been  in  Turkey 
nearly  fifty  years,  and  I  never  saw  a  drunk- 
en Turkish  soldier;  but  within  two  hours 
of  the  time  when  an  American  or  British 
ship  has  entered  our  harbor,  the  streets 
are  filled  with  the  wild  uproar  of  drunken 
sailors."  Mohammedanism  is  a  total  ab- 
stinence religion,  as  are  Hinduism  and 
Buddhism  also.  We  believe  Christianity  is 
no  less  a  total  abstinence  religion,  for  God 
has  commanded  us  to  "abstain  from  every 
form  of  evil."  But  we  must  admit  that 
professing  Christians,  better  in  other  re- 
spects than  the  devotees  of  any  heathen 
faith,  have  been  far  more  frequently  guilty 
of  buying  and  selling  intoxicating  beverages. 

A  few  Mohammedans  and  Hindus  and 
Buddhists  have  been  led  to  drmk  by  the 
white  man's  example  and  influence,  but 
in  Turkey  and  Persia  and  other  Moham- 
medan countries  the  masses  are  still  ab- 
stainers, and  in  the  world  campaign 
against  drink  and  opium  that  is  develop- 
ing they  will  be  valuable  allies.  In  India, 
for  example,  there  are  hundreds ^of  tem- 
perance societies,  in  which  Hindus,  Budd- 
hists, Mohammedans  and  Christians  are 
unitedly  fighting  the  licensed  drink  shops 
by  which  the  government  most  unwisely  is 
allowing  the  one  supreme  virtue  of  the  na- 
tive faiths  to  be  trampled  on,  to  the 
grievous  offense  of  the  best  native  citizens, 
and  that,  too,  at  a  time  when  occasions  for 
criticism  of  the  government  and  incentives 
to  social  unrest  should  be  most  carefully 
avoided. 

China 

ranks  first  in  the  world  in  prohibition  of 
the  sale  and  use  of  intoxicants,  which  Mr. 
Wu  Ting  fang,  in  his  first  term  as  Chinese 
Minister  to  the  United  States,  told  me  had 
been  the  general  policy  of  China  since  the 
fourth  century.  In  some  reigns  the  use  of 
the  simple  native  wines  was  allowed  at 
festivals,  when  they  were  taken  more  as  a 
confection  than  as  an  intoxicant.  Indeed, 
drunkenness  among  the  Chinese  is  so  in- 
frequent that  President  James  B.  Angell, 
after  serving  as  American  Minister  in 
China,  said  he  "did  not  see  three  drunken 
Chinamen  in  a  year."  We  found  but  two 
temperance  societies  in  China,  one  for  Brit- 
ish soldiers,  the  other  for  children  in  an 
American  mission.  But  beer,  largely  of 
American  introduction,  is  coming  in  just 
as  opium  is  being  suppressed  in  all  East- 


ern Asia  by  a  joint  commission.  The 
supreme  peril  of  China's  future,  next  to 
political  corruption,  is  beer,  against  whicli 
China  should  be  warned  by  distribution 
of   literature. 


Liang  Chung :  "A 
drunkard  is  hardiy  ever 
.seen  in  Claina.  In  the 
fourth  century  our  Em- 
peror made  a  prohibition 
law.  Other  Emperors 
continued  the  prohibition 
and  also  prohibited  opium. 
But  Great  Britain  forced 
opium  into  our  country 
by  three  wars.  Now  that 
nation  and  others  are 
helping  us  to  drive  it  out, 
and  we  want  help  also  to 
keep  out  the  b.eer  and 
cigarettes  that  Germans 
and  Americans  are  trying 
to  put  in  place  of  the 
banished   opium." 


A  Chinese  Brownie. 


Japan 

has  given  the  world  the  most  perfect  sam- 
ple of  legal  prohibition  in  its  anti-opium 
law.  When  the  Philippine  Opium  Com- 
mittee studied  the  Asiatic  laws  on  opium 
and  their  results,  they  reported  that  rev- 
enue killed  restriction  wherever  the  two 
objects  were  combined  in  one  measure,  and 
that  Japan  alone  was  successful  in  anti- 
opium  legislation,  which  was  attributed  to 
the  fact  that  in  Japan  proper  the  sale  and 
use  of  opium  has  long  been  prohibited,  ex- 
cept under  carefully  guarded  medical  pre- 
scription, with  no  attempt  to  get  any  rev- 
enue whatever. 

Although  Japan  has  a  long  coast,  and 
a  large  value  of  this  drug  can  be  concealed 
in  a  very  small  space — for  example,  in  the 
hollow  of  a  bamboo  cane  or  fish-pole — such 
smuggling,  which  often  occurs  in  Austral- 
ia, is  almost  unheard  of  in  Japan,  and  the 
severest  critics  of  Japan  in  her  ports  ad- 
mit that  the  enforcement  of  th-e  law  is  al- 
most perfect.  It  shows  what  can  be  done 
by  a_  vigorous  government  when  revenue  is 
not  involved. 

Prisoners  stop  their  opium  at  once,  and 
both  the  tapering  and  the  revenue  fallacies 
should  be  turned  down  hard.  Japan's 
greatest  peril,  like  China's,  is  from  the 
introduction   of  the   American   beer  saloon. 

Australia. 

Australia's  agreeable  climate,  which  es- 
capes the  extremes  of  heat  and  cold,  and 
its    atmosphere,    which    is   like   champagne 


206 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


"extra  dry,''  and  affords  all  the  stimulant 
any  one  needs,  and  invites  to  outdoor  life 
all  the  year,  removes  all  excuse  for  drink- 
ing any  form  of  so-called  stimulants  there, 
but  there  are  few  countries  where  men  take 
a  "nip"  of  whiskey  more  frequently.  New 
Zealand,  foremost  of  all  lands  in  labor  re- 
forms, bids  fair  to  be  one  of  the  foremost 
in  the  local  prohibition  movement,  in  spite 
of  the  handicap  of  a  thue-fifths  majority 
requirement.  It  is  putting  new  areas  every 
year  under  "no  license."  The  great  con- 
tinent of  Australia  is  all  alive  with  temper^ 
ance  effort.  The  W.  C.  T.  U.  is  a  leading 
and  noble  factor  in  every  step.  Every 
state  has  its  Good  Templar  Grand  Lodge, 
and  every  form  of  temperance  organiza- 
tion. Queensland  has  long  had  an  act  giv- 
ing voters  the  power  to  prevent  the  in- 
crease, to  cause  a  reduction,  or  to  prohibit 
tall  licenses.  New  South  Wales  has  lately 
enacted  a  local  veto  law  to  become  opera- 
tive three  years  later.  Victoria  has  long 
■had  local  option  legislation — ^but  cumbered 
'by  compensation  provisions  which  have  im- 
ipeded  its  success.  South  Australia  in  1890 
enacted  a  local  veto  power  to  become  opera- 
tive fifteen  years  later,  and  on  this  time 
being  reduced,  six  districts  carried  veto, 
but  owing  to  a  technical  flaw  it  was  dis- 
allowed in  five.  West  Australia,  which  has 
an  area  of  over  a  million  square  miles, 
gives  a  popular  veto  over  new  licenses,  but 
has  not  yet  given  power  to  suppress  exist- 
ing houses.  The  Island  of  Tasmania  has 
not  yet  passed  its  local  veto  bill,  but  New 
Zealand  did  this  many  years  ago,  and  en- 
abled the  electors  to  prevent,  reduce,  or  pro- 
hibit drink-shops,  and  in  a  number  of  dis- 
tricts they  have  closed  them  altogether — al- 
though a  three-fifths  vole  is  required  to 
effect  that.  In  Australasia  four  Good  Tem- 
plars have  become  prime  ministers;  and  the 
temperance  cause  ranks  high  in  adminis- 
trative circles.  It  is  also  encouraging  that 
the  importation  of  opium  has  recently  been 
prohibited,  at  considerable  sacrifice  of  rev- 
enue, and  that  some  anti-gambling  laws,  en- 
couraging though  inadequate,  have  been 
passed. 

Canada. 

Of  all  the  large  geographical  divisions 
of  the  world,  Canada  has  not  only  the  best 
Sabbath  observance,  but  also  the  smallest 
per  capita  consumption  of  liquors — about 
four  gallons  a  year — less  than  one-fourth 
the  figure  for  the  United  States,  whose  per 
capita  consumption  of  both  the  milder  and 
stronger  intoxicants  is  only  half  that  of 
Britain  and  Germany.  In  plebiscites  to  test 
public  sentiment,  nearly  all  the  provinces 
of  Canada  have  declared  in  favor  of  com- 


plete prohibition,  but  have  been  cheated  out 
of  it  by  political  leaders,  and  are  now 
seeking  to  make  the  best  of  imperfect  forms 
of  local  option,  meantime  pressing  vigor- 
ously efforts  to  win  individuals  to  total  ab- 
stinence. 


A    Canadian   Brownie. 

Andrew  McLean  :  "It  Is  not  respectable  to 
drink  in  Canada,  and  so  there  is  less  liquor 
sold  here  than  in  any  other  land,  only  one- 
fourth  as  much  as  in  the  United  States  in 
proportion  to  the  population,  only  one-third  as 
mufh  as  In  Australia.  But  there  are  many- 
even  in  Canada  who  are  ruining  health  and 
home  by  drinls,  and  the  politicians  are  not 
willing  to  do  all  they  should  to  drive  out  of 
our  towns  those  whose  business  is  to  induce 
others  to  drink." 


United  States « 

The  United  States  has  been  the  leader  of 
the  movements  for  total  abstinence  and 
prohibition.  One  sign  of  promise  is  the 
decisions  of  Indiana  courts  that  a  saloon, 
because  it  is  a  cause  of  disorder,  poverty  and 
crime,  is  a  "nuisance"  that  can  be  abated 
as  such  under  common  law,  and  which,  aS 
such,  has  no  right  to  a  license,  under  the 
principle  announced  by  the  United  States 
Supreme  Court  in  the  Louisiana  Lottery 
case,  that  "the  Legislature  cannot  bargain 
away  the  public  health  or  the  public  mor- 
als." The  people  themselves  cannot  do  it, 
much  less  their  rulers."  The  other  sign 
of  promise  is  the  growth  of  "No  license" 
and  prohibition  which  was  in  force  in  1908 
in  States  and  towns,  including  forty  of  the 
total  ninety  millions  of  the  population. 
(See  pp.  57,  59-) 


PART  II 


CYCLOPEDIC  INDEXES. 

Temperance  Commentary  and  Biblical  Index  in  Brief. 

(We  use  American   Revised   Version  of  Xelson  tV:  Sols  fcr  all  Bible  quotations.) 

As  a  caution  in  Bible  interpretation  it  and  others  whatever  seems  essential,  in 
is  well  to  recall  the  many  wrongs  and  addition  to  the  twenty-four  lessons  and 
errors,  now  generally  admitted   to  be  such       supplemental    matter   in    the   main   body   of 


-polygamy  and  slavery,  for  example — 
long  proclaimed  as  Scriptural,  not  by  the 
ignorant  and  vicious  but  -by  scholars  and 
even  by  religious  bodies.  The  tippler  who 
is  cocksure  the  Bible  makes  it  his  privilege 
and  almost  his  duty  to  use  intoxicating 
beverages  should  find  at  least  an  "arrest 
of  thought,"   (1)    in  that  to  deny  the  Bible 


this  book,  for  understanding  Bible  refer- 
ences to  the  subject  in  hand.     First  of  all 

THE  READER  SHOULD  CAREFULLY  STUDY  THE 
COMPREHENSIVE  DISCUSSIONS  OF  WHOLE  PROB- 
LEM   ON    PP.    31-34. 

Genesis  9:  20-27.  And  he  [Noah]  drank 
of  the  wine  [yayin]  and  zvas  drunken. 
(See  pp.   13,   15,  33,  64.)      Here  is  tihe   first 


gives  warrant  for  total  abstinence  puts  it  case  where  the  handling  of  intoxicants  by 
in  unfavorable  contrast  with  the  three  great  a  "man  of  good  moral  character"  failed 
total    abstinence    religions    of    tihe    heathen       to  prevent  the  alcohol  from  doing  its  work 


world  on  that  point  of  morals;  and  (2) 
in  that  to  deny  the  Bible  gives  warrant  for 
prohib'tion  is  to  admit  that  it  falls  below 
the  standard  increasingly  adopted  by  gov- 
ernments in  many  lands;  (3)  in  that  such 
a  claim  would  imply  that  anti-Biblical 
sentiments  are  winning  the  world  through 
men  w.hose  Christian  devotion  cannot  be 
questioned.     Surely  the  burden   of  proof  is 


even  on  himself.  It  is  also  significant 
that  "pure  domestic  wine"  caused  the  first 
drunkenness  on  record.  It  chloroformed 
higher  faculties,  the  judgment  and  con- 
science, just  as_  all  intoxicants  do  to-day, 
and  caused  a  pious  father  to  expose  him- 
self in  shameful  nakedness  before  bis  sons. 

14:  18:  Melchbedek,  King  of  Salem, 
brought  forth  bread  and  zvinc   [yayin],  and 


on   those  w'ho   would  have   us  believe   that  he   zuas  priest   of   God  Most   High.     This 

prohibition  is   conquering   in   spite   of  God !  priestly   use   of  bread   and   wine    was  prob- 

The  proof-trend  of  the  Bible  controls  inter-  ably   symbolic,    though   the    symbolism    may 

pretation  of  proof  texts.  not   have   been    the    same    as    to-day.     Not 

Those    who    desire    to    make    a    thorough  until    the  crime  of  Nadab  and   Abihu,   was 

examination   of   Bible    passages    relating   to  abstinence  commanded  even  for  priests,  see 

wines    and    related    matter    should    get    the  p.  25. 


Temoerance  Bible  Commentary,  by  Dr.  F. 
R.  Lees,  F.  S.  A.,  and  Dawson  Burns 
(National  Temperance  Society,  N.  Y.), 
of  which  Dr.  Taylor  Lewis  said  in  an  in- 
troduction to  the  American  edition,  that  it 
is  a  "fair  presentation  of  everything  in 
Scripture  that  can  possibly  bear  on  this 
question."  Of  course,  the  best  general 
commentaries  should  also  be  consulted.  The 
authors  of  this  book  entered  on  a  critical 
■study  of  all  Bible  passages  relating  to 
"Wine"  in  'the  feeling  that  perhaps  temper- 
ance people  had  claimed  too  much  in  say- 
ing there  were  two  kinds  of  "wine"  in  com- 
mon use,  and  that  there  is  no  passage  in 
which  wine  is  commended  by  an  inspired 
writer  in  which  it  is  proven  that  the  refer- 
ence is  to  intoxicating  wine.  Our  examina- 
tion, however,  assures  us  that  claim  is  not 
too   strong. 

In  this   "Commentary  in   Brief,"  we  aim 
to  put   in   a   few   words    for  busy  teachers 


19 :  30-36.  .  They  [Lot's  daughters]  made 
tlieir  father  drink  zvine  [yayin],  see  pp.  13, 
33,  42.  Here  is  another  "good  man"  and 
"leading  citizen,"  w'ho  probably  had  the 
idea  that  he  was  "too  strong"  ever  to  drink 
to  excess,  but  he  drank  even  to  incest. 
It  should  be  noted  that  Lot's  daughters, 
though  living  so  long  before  the  scientific 
experiments  of  which  Prof.  Forel  has 
written  (p.  14),  that  have  recently  shown 
that  alcohol  stimulates  only  our  lower 
nature,  while  chloroforming  our  higher 
powers  of  judgment  and  conscience,  had 
learned  both   facts  bv  common  observation. 

27:  18-27.  He  [Jacob]  brought  him 
[Isaac]  zvinc  [yayin[.  and  he  drank  .  .  . 
and  blessed  hint.  (See  pp.  9-15.)  Several 
educational  journals  and  one  religious 
paper  have  taken  exception  to  the  intimation 
on  p.  11  that  it  was  because  Isaac  was 
not  only  blind  but  wined  that  he  was  de- 
ceived   by    Jacob.      But    a    careful    read- 


208 

ing  of  the  story  will  show  k  is 
strictly  correct.  Jacob  was  too  shrewd  not 
to  have  noted  what  even  Lot's  daughters 
had  observed,  namely,  that  fermented  wine 
dulls  the  judgment.  Without  the  wine 
Isaac  would  have  reasoned,  when  he  heard 
the  voice  of  Jacob,  that  he  should  not  be- 
lieve that  the  hands  though  hairy,  were 
those  of  Esau,  as  hands  could  be  disguised 
more  easily  than  the  voice.  A  great  rail- 
road was  prevented  for  twenty  years,  we 
are  told,  from  getting  an  entrance  into  New 
York  because  its  president,  speaking  at  a 
banquet,  after  the  •  wine  had  repeatedly 
gone  round,  made  public  a  plan  he  would 
have  kept  to  himself  had  not  wine  loosed 
his  tongue  and  blindfolded  his  brain  at 
the  same  time.  Whether  that  is  a  fact  or 
not  it  embodies  a  wholesome  truth  about 
after-dinner  speeches,  and  a  sufficient  con- 
demnation of  those  who  boast  that  they 
"never  drink  except  at  banquets." 

27:  28.  God  give  thee  of  the  dew  of 
heaven  .  .  .  and  plenty  of  grain  and 
netv  wine  [tirosh].  Here  we  first  en- 
counter "the  two  wine  theory."  (See  p.  34.) 
It  will  appear  later  in  the  Commentary  that 
yayin  does  not  always  mean  fermented 
wine,  but  is  sometimes  used  generically  of 
wine  newly  made.  But  tirosh  always 
means  new  or  unfermented,  nonintoxicat- 
ing  wine,  like  the  "grape  juice"  now  very 
properly  used  for  the  Lord's  Supper  and  as 
a  temperance  drink,  and  is  translated  "new 
wine''  in  the  Revised  Bible,  the  work  of 
the  hundred  foremost  Hebrew  and  Greek 
scholars  of  our  time.     No  one  can  read  this 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


of  Andovcr;  Dr.  Adam  Clarke,  Sir  G. 
Wilkinson  and  others,  claim  this  passage 
is  a  key  to  the  texts  that  speak  of  wine 
as  bringing  innocent  gladness.     They   hold 


New  Light  on  New  Wine  in  Revised 
Version. 

God  give  thee  of  the  dew  of  heaven, 

And  of  the  fatness  of  the  earth. 
And   plenty   of   grain    and   new   wine. 
Gen.  27:  28. 

He  will  also  bless  the  fruit  of  thy 
body  and  the  fruit  of  thy  ground, 
thy  grain  and  thy  new  wine  and  thine 
oil. — Deut.   7  :   13. 

And  Israel  dwelleth  in  safety  . 
.  .  in  a  land  of  grain  and  new 
wine. — Deut.  33  :  28. 

Thou  hast  put  gladness  in  my 
heart,  more  'than  they  have  when 
their  grain  and  their  new  wine  are 
increased.— Psalms   4:    7. 

And  they  shall  come  and  sing  in 
the  heig'hts  of  Zion,  and  shall  flow 
.  .  .  unto  the  goodness  of  Je- 
.hovah,  to  the  grain  and  to  the  new 
wine,  and  to  the  oil. — Jer.  31 :   12. 


the  dream  of  the  cliief  butler  represents 
actual  usage,  that  it  was  the  custom  of 
the  ancients  to  press  the  juice  from  clusters 


GO!)  .S    WIN?:    BOTTI.K.S    OF    .SWKKT    JUICES. 


most  accurate  of  translations  (let  it  be  the 
American  Revised  Edition  of  Nelson  & 
Sons)  and  not  see  that  both  new  and  old 
wine  were  in  common  use. 

40:    IJ.      /   took    the   grapes   and    pressed 
them    into    Pharaoh's    cup. — Prof.     Stuart, 


of  grapes  and  imbibe  at  once  while  the 
"wine"  was  sweet  and  wholesome.  They 
h.id  then  a  distinct  preference  for  sweet 
drinks,  not  having  developed  the  modern 
drinker's  desire  for  a  bitter  "tang."  There 
is   no  doubt,  however,  about  the  Egyptians 


Temperance  Commentary  and  Biblieal  Index. 


209 


drinking  intoxicating  wine.  Tine  wall  pic- 
tures prove  that  both  men  and  women  drank 
at  bancjiuts  10  intoxication,  and  the  artisti 
make  this  a  subject  of  ridicule.  See  also 
on  p.  62,  Egyptian  priests'  condemnation 
of  drun!:enp.c:  y. 


(Results  of  a  New  Eiuiiire  Wine  Feast.    See  v.  8. 
B"'roiii  a  Tliebaii  Tomb.     After  Wilkinson.) 
The  increasiiiij:   drunkenness   of  women    is    a 
case  of  reviving  this  "lost  art"  that  might  bet- 
ter have  remained  "lost." 

43:  34.  They  [Joseph's  brothers]  dranlz 
and  zverc  merry  zuith  him.  Prof.  Stuart, 
of  Andover,  remarks  that  it  does  not  prove 
that  Joseph  and  his  brothers  were  drunk 
that  they  were  "merry"  (see  40:  11),  and 
■in  any  case  their  example  is  not  cited  for 
our  imitation. 

49 :  11,  12.  He  hath  zvashed  his  gar- 
ments in  zvine  [yayin]  and  Jiis  vesture 
in  the  blood  of  grapes.  .  .  .  His  eyes 
shall  be  red  zvith  wine. — ^This  is  a  vivid 
poetic  picture  of  the  prosperity  Jacob 
prophesied  for  the  Jews  in  the  Land  of 
Promise,  "a  land  flowing  with  milk  and 
honey"  and  "the  blood  of  grapes,"  all  these 
so  plentiful  that  streams  of  them  might  be 
used  for  laundry  purposes,  as  rivers  are  so 
used  in  the  Orient  to-day.  In  harmony 
with  this  figure  the  "red  eyes"  are  not 
those  of  the  drimkard,  but  eyebrows  and 
eyelids  stained  with  the  splash  of  "the 
blood  of  grapes."  Here  it  seems  clear 
that  yayin  means,  not  fermented  wine  but 
wine  in  the  generic  sense,  including  the 
newly   expressed   grape   iuice. 

Exodus  12:  8,  15,  17-30,  34,  39.  Seven 
days  shall  ye  eat  unleavened  bread  [seor]. 
"Seor  may  be  regarded,"  says  the  Tem- 
perance Commentary,  "as  any  substitute 
capable  of  producing  fermentation — all 
yeasty  or  matter  already  fermented.  Such 
a  substance  tenaciously  adheres  to  vessels 
containing  fermented  fluids,  however  care- 
fully racked  and  among  a  people  possessed 
of     imoerfect     refining     conveniences,      the 


command  to  put  away  all  seor  out  of  their 
house  and  accustomed  quarters  during  the 
Passover  feast  could  never  have  been 
rigidly  carried  out  if  fermented  liquors 
had  been  retained  upon  their  prem- 
ises. Seor  is  related  to  sour — being  in 
fact,  'the  sourer' — and  hence  contrasts  with 
matzah,  'the  sweet'  or  'fresh,'  unspoilt. 
From  the  14th  day  of  the  month  Nisan, 
nothing  that  could  cause  fermentation  or 
that  had  undergone  fermentation  was  to  be 
found  in  the  house  or  used  as  food  by  the 
Jewish  people.  As  the  Lord's  Supper  be- 
gan during  a  Passover  week,  it  is  logical 
to  argue  that  unfermented  wine  was  used." 

29:  40.  IVine  [yayin]  for  a  drink  offer- 
ing. In  the  original  Hebrew,  also  in  the 
Septuagint  and  Vulgate,  the  word  trans- 
lated drink  offering  means  libation,  "for 
pouring  out,"  not  for  drinking.  This  pass- 
age is  in  a  list  of  many  offerings  in  which 
God  is  given  a  share  of  every  kind  of 
property    a    man    possesses. 

Leviticus  10:  1-11.  Do  not  drink  zvine 
[yayin]  or  strong  drink  [shekar],  see  les- 
son p.  25.  This  is  the  first  divine  command 
to  abstain,  applying  directly  to  Aaron  and 
his  sons  as  successors  in  the  priesthood, 
and  so  by  implication  to  all  priests. 

Numbers  6:  1-6.  He  [the  Naaarite] 
shall  separate  himself  from  wine  [yayin] 
and  strong  drink  [shekar]  and  shall  drink 
no  z'incgar  of  zvine  [chomets  yayin]  or 
vinegar  of  strong  drink  [chomets  shekar], 
neither  shall  he  drink  any  liquor  of  grapes 
[nusrath  anabtn]  .  .  .  and  after  that 
the  Nazarite  may  drink  zvine  [yayin].  (See 
lesson,  p.  33.)  Shekar  refers  to  extra 
strong  wine.  There  was  no  distilled  liquor 
in  Bible  times. 

Numbers  18:  12,  All  the  best  of  the  oil 
and  the  best  of  the  vintage  [tirosh].  This 
word  translated  wine  in  King  James'  Ver- 
sion is  translated  "vintage"  in  the  Revised 
Version,  and  no  doubt,  refers  to  newly 
made  wine. 

Deuteronomy  7:  13;  11:  14;  12:  17; 
14:  23;  15:  14;  16:  13;  18:  4.  Again  and 
again  in  promises  of  future  blessing  in 
the  Land  of  Promise,  new  wine  (tirosh), 
with  grain  and  olive  oil  is  named  as  repre- 
senting prosperity  and  joy,  as  such  new 
■wine  has  gladdened  the  completed  vintage 
down  to  modern  times  in  Spain  and  Ar- 
menia. In  the  latter  country  Bible  customs 
may  still  be  seen  in  daily  life.  New 
wine  (tirosh)  is  also  mentioned  in  these 
passages  in  lists  of  property  from  which 
first  fruits  were  to  be  given  to  God. 

21  :  20,  21.  This  is  our  son  ...  a 
glutton  and  drunkard.    And  all  the  men  of 


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World  Book  of  Temperance. 


the  city  shall  stone  him  to  death.  Rome 
gave  a  father  power  of  life  and  death  over 
a  son,  but  Hebrew  law  only  gave  the  father 
power  to  bring  an  incorrigible  son  to  trial. 
That  persistent  drunkenness  had  the  same 
capital  punis.hment  as  adultery  and  mur- 
der shows  in  what  abhorrence  it  was  held. 

29:  6.'  Ye  have  not  eaten  bread,  neither 
have  ye  drank  wine  or  strong  drink.  This 
is  a  reminder  to  the  Israelites  that  in  their 
long  wilderness  journeys  they  had  used  no 
intoxicants,  but  only  water.  (See  lesson, 
p.   17.) 

32:  14.  And  of  the  blood  of  the  grape 
thou  drankest  wine.  On  this  the  Temper- 
ance Commentary  remarks :  "Among  the 
blessings  of  the  good  land  which  the  Israel- 
ites were  to  go  up  and  possess  was  the 
Iblood  of  the  grape  which  in  its  unfer- 
imented,  uncorrupted  state  is  proved  by 
chemical  analysis  to  constitute  one  of  the 
most  perfect  of  alimentary  substances — to 
be  really  food  and  drink  in  one  and  there- 
fore well  worthy  to  rank  with  'butter  of 
kine,  milk  of  sheen,  fat  of  lambs  .  .  . 
with  the  finest  of  the  wheat.'  " 

32:  32,  33. 

For  their  vine  is  of  the  vine  of  Sodom 
And   of  the   fields   of  Gomorrah: 
Their   clusters    are   bitter; 
Their  zvine  is  the  poison  of  serpents, 
And  the  cruel  venom  of  asps. 

The  Temperance  Commentary  says  of 
this  passage:  "There  is  no  historical 
record  concerning  the  kind  of  vine  culti- 
vated in  Sodom  and  Gomorrah,  but  grow- 
ing in  such  a  bituminous  soil  it  would 
probably  possess  peculiar  qualities,  the 
■memory  of  which  was  .handed  down  by 
tradition  for  ages.  The  vine  of  Sodom  may 
even  have  survived  the  overthrow  of  the 
cities  of  the  plain.  Some  commentators  sup- 
ipose  a  designed  reference  to  the  plant  which 
bore  the  fruit  known  as  'apples  of  Sodom,' 
and  described  by  Josephus  as  of  a  beautiful 
appearance,  but  crumbling  to  dust  when 
plucked.  Fruit  of  this  sort,  the  inside  of 
which  an  insect  (tcnthrado)  reduces  to 
dust,  leaving  the  outside  skin  fair  and  at- 
tractive, has  been  found  by  modern  travel- 
ers near  the  Dead  Sea.  It  is  obvious  that 
Moses,  under  the  similitude  of  a  Sodom-ljke 
vine,  grapes  of  gall,  bitter  clusters,  wine 
like  serpent  poison  and  deadly  adder's  gall, 
furnishes  a  moral  portraiture  of  Israel's 
rebellious  state.  The  vine  of  Sodom  marks 
their  degenerate  character,  its  bitter  and 
•poisonous  fruit,  their  vicious  tempers, 
and  its  venomous  wine  their  injurious  con- 
duct  toward   the   saints    and   prophets    of 


God ;  but  it  is  extremely  unlikely  that  such 
images  would  have  been  borrowed  frcVm 
merely  traditional  or  fictitious  objects.  The 
entire  passage  appears  to  glance  retrospec- 
tively at  the  manufacture  and  use  of  power- 
fully intoxicating  compounds  familiar  to 
the  people  of  Sodom,  the  knowledge  of 
which  may  liave  been  transmitted  to  much 
later  times?  The  figures  themselves  are  a 
tacit  but  striking  warning  against  inflaming 
drinks.     No  innocent  subst.\nces,  no  good 

DIETETIC  CREATURES,  COULD  HAVE  FURNISHED 
SUCH  SYMBOLS  TO  THE  POET-PROPHET  OF 
ISRAEL." 

33:   28: 

And    Israel    dzvcllcth    in    safety. 
The  fountain   of  Jacob  alone, 
In  a  land  of  grain  and  ncu'  zvine. 

Here  is  another  of  many  cases  where  we 
get  nearer  God's  original  meaning  by  using 
the  Revised  Version.  It  is  preferring  tra- 
dition to  truth  to  use  the  old  version. 

Judges  7 :  4,  10-21.  The  water  test  of 
Gideon's    army,    see   lesson,    p.    47. 

9 :  13.  Should  I  leave  my  nezv  wine 
[tirosh]  which  checreth  God  and  man?  The 
Temperance  Commentary  says,  on  this  pass- 
age :  "The  supposition  that  nothing  can 
cheer  except  it  be  of  an  into.xicating  quality 
is  not  more  sensual  than  it  is  absurd 
The  very  word  translated  cheer  (samadkh) 
occurs  as  a  noun  in  Psa.  4 :  7,  'Thou  hast 
put  gladness  (simkhah)  into  my  heart  more 
than  in  the  time  when  their  corn  and  their 
wine  increased.'  " 

9:  27.  And  zvent  into  the  house  of  their 
God  and  did  eat  and  drink  and  cursed 
Abimelcch.  "Probably  excited  by  inebri- 
ating liquors,  they  rioted  and  boasted  with 
a  foolish  freedom  that  cost  them  dear." 
Certainly  drink  is  a  fruitful  promoter  of 
•cursing  and   unwise   speaking   to-day. 

13 :  2-7.  Drink  no  zvine  [yayiti}  or 
strong  drink  [shekar].  Here  the  mother  of 
Samson  is  charged  to.  be  a  Nazarite  her- 
self and  rear  her  son  as  such.  There  is  good 
material  for  a  leson  .to  women  on  heredity, 
and  a  lesson  for  men  and  boys  on  alcohol 
and  athletics,  see  p.  103.  On  this  pas- 
sage the  Teinperance  Commentary  says : 
"Unless  on  the  hypothesis  of  some  benefit 
to  her  babe  it  is  inexplicable  that  she 
should  have  been  subjected  to  the  diet- 
etic rule  of  the  Nazarites.  .  .  .  The 
mother  of  Samson  was  gently  guarded 
against  all  possible  use  of  intoxicating 
liquors  in  order  that  her  heroic  son  might 
gain  the  full  benefit,  not  of  his  own  absti- 
nence only  but  of  hers  from  the  period  of 
conception    to    his    birth.    Plato,    Aristotle, 


Temperance  Counuentary  and  Biblical  Index. 


211 


Plutarch  have  noticed  the  hereditary  trans- 
mission of  intemperate  propensities.  .  .  . 
It  is  not  pretended  that  Samson's  abstinence 
was  the  cause  of  his  stupendous  strength; 
that  was  siipcniatiiral ;  yet  it  may  be  legiti- 
mately inferred  that  this  abstinence  would 
not  have  been  enjoined  had  intoxicating 
liquors  possessed  the  invip^orating  property 
which  has  been  ascribed  to  them."  In 
Bagster's  Treasury  Bible  it  is  noted  that 
God  ordered  abstinence  for  Samson  "be- 
cause that  would  greatly  contribute  to 
make  him  strong  and  healthy,  intending, 
after  nature  had  done  her  utmost  .  .  . 
to  suph'"  her  defects  &•"  His  own  super- 
natural poxvcr.  It  is  fitting  to  quote  here 
from   Milton's    "Samson  'Agonistes" : 

Speaking  to  himself  the  hero  says : 
"Abstemious     I     grew      up,     and      thrived 


The  chorus   speaks : 

"Desire   of -wine,   and   all   delicious   dririTcs, 
Which    many  a   famous   warrior  overturns, 
Thou-   could'st    repress ;    nor    did    the    dan- 
cing ruby 
Sparkling,    outpoured,    the    flavor,    or    the 

smell. 
Or    taste    that    cheers    the    hearts    of    gods 

and   men. 
Allure     thee      from      the     cool      crystalline 
stream." 

To   which  Samson   replies : 

"Wherever  fountain  or  fresh  current  flowed 
Against  the  Eastern  ray,  translucent,  pure. 
With  touch  ethereal  of  heaven's  fiery  red, 
I  drank  from  the  clear  milky  juice  allaying 
Thirst,  and  refreshed ;  nor  envied  them  the 

grape 
Whose  heads  that  turbulent  liquor  fills  with 

fumes." 

The  chorus   then  responds : 

"O  madness !  to  think  use  of  strongest 
wines 

And  strongest  drinks  our  chief  support  of 
health 

When  God.  with  these  forbidden,  made 
choice  to  rear 

His  mighty  champion  strong  above  com- 
pare. 

Whose  drink  was  only  from  the  liquid 
brook." 

In  spite  of  his  abstinence  from  "turbulent 
liquors,''  not  because  of  it,  Samson  was 
beguiled ;  and  while  the  value  of  abstinence 


is  not  on  that  account  les.<;ened,  we  have 
clearly  impressed  upon  us  the  necessity  of 
divine  guidance  and  persona!  watchfulness 
in  all  things,  to  the  well  ordering  of  the 
Christian  life  and  the  growth  of  the  "inner 
man"  in  all  the  graces  and  virtues  of  the 
Spirit. 

16 :  25.  And  it  came  to  pass  zvhen  their 
hearts  were  merry  that  they  said,  Call  for 
Samson.  The  idiom  used  here  is  quite  dif- 
ferent from  that  which  described  the  mer- 
riment of  Joseph  and  his  brothers,  and  is 
elsewhere  (1  Sam.  25:  36;  2  Sam.  1?,:  28; 
Esther  1:  10)  associated  with  artificial  al- 
coholic excitation,  such  as  usually  accom- 
panied idol  worship.  Milton  is  accordingly 
justified  in  making  the  chorus  say  at  this 
point  m  Samson  Agonistes : 
"Drunk  with  idolatry,  drunk  with  wine." 

Ruth  2:  8,  9,  14.  Drink  of  that  which 
the  young  men  have  drawn.  .  .  .  Dip 
thy  morsel  in  the  vinegar.  This  farmer 
gave  his  reapers  water  and  used  a  little 
vinegar  as  a  sauce  for  himself  and  his 
guests  during  the  harvest. 

1  Samuel  1 :  16,  24.  Count  not  thine 
handmaid  for  a  daufliter  of  Belial.  That 
Eli  thought  the  sorrowful  Hannah,  pray- 
ing for  a  child  in  the  temple,  was  intoxi- 
cated, suggests  that  female  drunkenness  was 
not  unknown,  and  her  reply  suggests  that 
drink  and  impurity  were  already  in  close 
partnership.  The  bottle  of  wine  she  brought 
later  to  the  temple  was  of  course  an  ofifer- 
ing  to  be  poured  out  as  a  libation. 

1  Samuel  25:  36-38.  It  came  to  pass  in 
the  morning  when  the  wine  [yayin]  zvas 
gone  out  of  Nabal.  In  the  drunkenness 
and  death  of  Nabal,  whose  name  means  a 
fool,  there  is  good  matter  for  a  temperance 
lesson  on  "The  Folly  of  Drink,"  which 
might  be  illuminated  by  modern  experi- 
ments showing  how  alcohol  dulls  the  brain. 
(See  pp.  75-9.)  Nabal  was  very  rich  but  very 
"rowdy"  and  very  drunken,  and  would  have 
brought  ruin  on  his  family  but  for  his 
wiser  wife,  Abigail.  It  is  very  likely  that 
it  was  drink  that  made  him  ill-mannered 
■to  David's  messengers,  which  was  danger- 
ous as  well  as  discourteous,  and  drink 
probably  hastened  his  untimely  death. 

30 :  16.  They  were  spread  abroad  all 
over  the  ground,  eating  and  drinking  and 
dancing  .  .  .  and  David  smote  them. 
This  story  of  a  drunken  army  defeated  has 
been  repeated  often  in  Bible  times  and 
since.     (See  lesson,  p.  47.) 

2  Samuel  6 :  19.  "A  flagon  of  wine"  in 
the  old  version,  in  this  and  other  cases 
turns  out  to  be  "a  raisin  cake"  in  the  more 
correct  Revision. 


212 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


11 :  13.  And  he  [David]  made  him 
[Uriah]  drunk.  Here  is  another  story  to 
go  with  that  of  Lot's  daughters,  to  show- 
that  it  was  generally  known  early  in  human 
history  that  fermented  drinks  promote  lust. 
David  having  been  himself  brought  into  the 
awful  crime  of  adultery  with  Uriah's  wife, 
perhaps  in  part  through  wine,  plots  to  hide 
•the  parentage  of  the  expected  child  of 
adultery  by  inducing  'the  hardy  soldier, 
Uriah,  to  come  back  to  his  own  bed  as  a 
reward  for  his  courage.  As  he  refused  to 
allow  himself  any  indulgences  while  the  war 
was  on,  even  though  near  ihis  home  in 
David's  palace,  to  which  he  had  been  called, 
David  makes  him  drunk  in  the  hope  that 
it  will  send  him  to  his  wife's  bed.  As  that 
failed,  David  plo'tted  murder  as  his  next 
•move  to  prevent  the  husband  discovering 
the  guilt  of  his  wife  and  his  king. 

13:,!  28,  29.  When  Amnion's  heart  is 
merry  with  wine  [yayin],  then  kill  hint. 
Here  is  a  powerful  lesson  for  young 
men  on  "Drink  and  Death."  Although  we 
are  not  told  whetiher  Ammon's  drinking 
habits  incited  him  to  the  rape  of  his  half 
sister,  a  king's  daughter,  we  know  that 
liquor  and  licentiousness  have  in  countless 
cases  been  cause  and  effect.  Many  a  life 
lis  wrecked  because  drink  has  put  conscience 
to  sleep  and  at  the  same  time  set  passion 
on  fire.  Then  comes  revenge  and  mur- 
der. It  was  when  Anjmon  was  too  drunk 
to  defend  himself  that  Absalom's  accom- 
plices struck  him  down.  We  are  playing 
into  the  hands  of  our  enemies  in  many  ways 
if  we  lose  mastery  through  drink.  Worse 
than  this  case  of  a  drinker  killed  by  his 
enemy  are  the  frequent  instances  of  a 
drinker  killing  his  friend. 

16 :  1,  2.  A  bottle  of  wine  [yayin] 
.  .  .  that  such  as  be  faint  in  the  wilder- 
ness may  drink.  One  bottle  for  a  whole 
party   for  medicinal   use   only. 

1  Kings  16 :  8,  9.  Elah  reigned  two 
years.  .  .  .  He  zvas  in  Tirsah  drinking 
himself  drunk  .  .  .  and  Zimri  zvent  in 
and  smote  him  and  killed  him.  The  story 
of  Amnion  is  soon  repeated.  A  king  this 
time,  made  helpless  by  his  own  drinking, 
is  easily  assassinated.  It  is  one  of  many 
cases  of  "Drugging  the  Guards."  (See  les- 
son, p.  125.) 

20:  13-21.  Benhadad  zvas  drinking  him- 
'self  drunk  in  the  pavilions,  he  and  the 
kings,  the  thirty-tzvo  kings  that  zvere  with 
him.      (See  lesson,  p.  47.) 

2  Kings  18:  32.  A  land  of  grain  and 
nezv  wine  [tirosh].  In  this  and  many  other 
passages  the  Revision  has  greatly  strength- 
ened the  claim  that  the  w'r.c  spoken  of  in 


the  Bible  as  a  blessing  of  God  is  new 
wine,  the  fresh  grape  juice.  Here,  as  in 
many  other  passages,  the  Promised  Land  is 
described  as  a  land  of  corn  and  new  wine 
and  oil  and  honey — all  God's  gifts  uncor- 
rupt.  Tirosh  might  be  translated  "vine 
fruit,"  referring  either  to  the  wine  yet  in 
the  grapes  or  newly  pressed  out. 

1  Chronicles  9:  29;  12:  40;  27:  27; 
29 :  21.  Several  of  these  passages  merely 
name  wine  and  vines  an^  vineyards  in  lists 
of  property  to  be  guarded.  In  two  pass- 
ages the  wine  is  for  libations  in  worship. 
"The  flagon  of  wine"  (16:  3)  of  the  old 
version  becomes  again  a  raisin  cake  in  the 
more  accurate  Revision.  So  many  Bible 
difficulties  have  been  thus  banished  by  new 
discoveries  that  Greenleaf,  the  standard 
British  authority  on  the  laws  of  evidence, 
says  they  require  us  to  assume  that  other 
seeming  difficulties  will  be  thus  eliminated 
in  the  future. 

2  Chronicles  2 :  10.  Tzventy  thousand 
batlia  of  zvine  [yayin].  The  "bath"  was 
a  liquid  measure  equal  to  seven  gallons 
and  four  pints.  In  'this  passage  and  also 
in  11 :  11,  we  find  Solomon  supplying  his 
■workmen  and  soldiers  with  wine.  If  it 
was  intoxicating  wine — there  is  no  proof 
of  it — perhaps  the  consequences  prompted 
Solomon  to  prescribe  abstinence  for  every- 
body  in   Proverbs   23. 

31:  5;  32:  28.  The  children  of  Israel 
gave  in  abundance  the  first  fruits  of  grain, 
new  zvine   [tirosh]   and  oil. 

Ezra  6 :  9.  Here  again  like  offerings 
are  brought  for  the  Temple.  The  decree 
is  in  Chaldee,  and  the  word  used  for  wine 
means  "foaminsr  juice,"  referring  as  in  the 
■corresponding  figure  in  D'eut.  32 :  14,  to  the 
juice  as  it  is  first  pressed  out  of 'the  grapes. 

Nehemiah  1:2.  /  zvas  the  King's  cup 
hearer.  This  was  an  office  of  high  honor 
and  much  influence  in  royal  households, 
and  apparently  Nehemiah,  with  all  his  piety, 
■had  no  compunction  whatever  about  dis- 
pensing wine  [yayin].  "Woe  unto  him  that 
giveth  his  neighbor  drink"  was  not  yet 
spoken.  It  is  a  far  different  thing  for  a 
Christian  man  or  woman  to  serve  liquors 
to-day,  whether  as  barmaid  or  bartender 
or  banqueter  or  waiter. 

5 :  11.  Restore  the  grain,  the  nezv  zvine 
[tirosh],  the  oil.  Here,  as  in  many  places, 
tirosh  is  seen  to  mean  the  solid  "vine 
fruit,"  classified  with  other  solid  fruits — 
grain,  as  the  fruit  of  the  fields,  and  olives 
as    the   fruit   of  the   olive  trees. 

5 :  18.  Tliat  which  was  prepared  for  me 
[Nehemiah]  zvas  .  .  .  and  once  in  ten 
days  store  of  all  sorts  of  wine.    How  many 


Tonpcraiicc  Comincntary  and  Biblical  Iiulc: 


213 


kinds  Af  wine  existed  in  Nchcmiah's  day 
we  know  not — there  were  certainly  two, 
one  new  and  anotiier  fermented — but  Pliny, 
live  hundred  years  later,  enumerates  195 
distinct  varieties,  sweet  and  sour,  thick  and 
thin,    new   and    old. 

8:  10,  12.  As  to  the  drink  that  helped 
on  "the  great  mirth,"  but  is  not  therefore 
proved   to  be  intoxicating,   see   Psa.  4 :   7. 

10:  37.  Here,  again,  in  presentation  of 
first  fruits,  tirosh  means  "vine  fruit"  in 
■God's  own  bottles,  as  oil  means  olive  fruit 
yet  in  the  olives.     (Compare  Deut.  7:  13.) 

10:  39;  13:  5,  12.  "New  wine,"  tirosh, 
as  an  offering  to  God. 

13  :  15.  The  making  and  selling  of  wine 
[yayin]  was  crowded  illegally  into  the  Sab- 
bath, the  beginning  of  the  long  conflict 
against  liquor  selling  on  the  Rest  Day. 
■Scotland,  Ireland  and  Wales  have  mostly 
stopped  it,  with  great  moral  gains.  Eng- 
land has  strangely  continued  to  this  writing 
(1909),  to  allow  its  barmaids,  initolerable 
on  any  day,  to  take  their  posts  behind  the 
bars  at  six  o'clock  on  Sabbath  evening,  to 
serve  other  maids  with  ^their  lovers  on  the 
other  side  of  the  bar.  British  public  opin- 
ion, re-enforced  by  international  public 
opinion,  may  be  expected  to  right  this  wrong 
'to  God  and  man.  In  ithe  United  States 
'there  is  law  enough  against  Sunday  liquor 
selling,  but  in  some  places  they  need  Mayor 
Nehemiah  to  enforce  it. 

Esther  1 :  7-12.  When  the  heart  of  the 
King  zvas  merry  zvith  tvine.  "When  the 
wine  is  in  the  wit  is  out,"  is  true  of  kings 
no  less  than  of  other  folks.  The  folly 
of  Ahasuerus  was  similar  to  that  of  Herod, 
only  Vashti  was  a  nobler  woman  than 
Salome,  and  would  not  exhibit  her  beauty 
to  drunken  banqueters,  even  'though  she 
must  lose  her  place  as  queen  to  keep  her 
rank  as  a  true  woman. 

3:  15.  The  King  and  Haman  sat  down 
to  drink.  Haman  was  too  shrewd  a  rascal 
not  to  know  that  the  King  could  be  trapped 
more  easily  at  his  wine  than  anywhere 
else.  Half  a  dozen  times  we  read  of  Ahas- 
uerijs  at  his  "banquet  of  wine."  It  was 
there  he  insulted  Vashti,  and  at  his  wine 
again  he  was  led  'to  condemn  all  Jews, 
including  his  own  beloved  Esther,  to  death. 
The  arguments  for  abstinence  were  as 
many  then  as  now,  but  very  few  even  of 
the  good  people  saw  them,  and  all  the  good 
have  not  seen  them  yet. 

9 :  22.  Make  them  days  of  feasting  and 
of  gladness.  The  Feast  of  Purim  is  re- 
ferred to,  in  which  the  deliverance  of  the 
Jews  from  Haman's  plots  is  annually  cele- 
brated.    We   do   not  know    whether   intox- 


icating liquors  were  used  in  the  first  cele- 
bration—that would  lead  to  sorrow  rather 
than  "gladness" — hut  there  is  a  suggestion 
of  their  use  in  these  times  in  the  answer 
of  a  Hebrew  school  girl  in  Jerusalem,  who, 
on  being  asked  why  the  Purim  feast  should 
keep  her  from  school,  said  ingenuously, 
"We  shall  all  be  drunk."  The  Jews  are 
less  given  to  drunkenness  than  most  other 
races,  but  they  are  by  no  means  immune. 

Job  1:  4,  13,  18.  Drinking  wine  [yayin]. 
The  sons  and  daughters  of  upright  Job  do 
not  seem  to  have  recognized  the  sin  of  drink- 
ing wine,  which  was  probably  intoxicating. 
No  wonder  Job  felt  it  necessary  after  every 
feast  among  them  to  offer  burnt  offerings 
lest  they  should  have  sinned  in  their  hearts. 

12:  25.  Stagger  [margin,  ivander]  like  a 
drunken  man.  The  idea  is,  They  go  astray 
like  a  drunken  man.  The  physical  stagger- 
ing is  but  a  picture  of  the  crooked  moral 
path  of  the  drinking  man. 

Psalms  1,  see  p.  55. 

2,  see  p.  55. 

4 :  7.  Thou  hast  put  gladness  in  my  heart, 
More  than  they  have  zvhen  their  grain 
and  their  neiv  zvine  are  increased. 
As  we  have  noted  elsewhere,  the  word 
translated  "gladness"  here  is  the  word  else- 
where used  for  the  gladness  produced  by 
wine,  which  some  have  argued  must  there- 
fore have  been  fermented.  This  text  re- 
futes that  view. 

10,  see  lesson,  p.  55. 

69 :  12,  /  am  the  song  of  the  drunkard. 
"It  is  no  new  thing  for  those  who  have 
imbibed  the  spirits  of  wine  to  revile  those 
who  are  filled  wij:h  the  spirit  divine. 

78 :    65.      Then    the   Lord   awaked   out    of 
sleep. 
Like  a  mighty  man  that  shoutetli  by 
reason  of  much  zcine. 
By  a  bold  figure,  the  God  of  Israel  is  con- 
ceived   as    having    been    insensible    to    the 
murderous    triumph    of    his    foes.      Like    a 
hero  who  has  fallen  asleep  from  the  effects 
of  wine,  he  had  sunk  into  thV  profoundest 
of    all    slumber ;    but    awaking,    he    shakes 
himself    free    from    the    influences    of    his 
wine,  and   is   ready  to   reassert  his   natural 
prowess. 

93,  see  p.  55. 

94,  see  p.   55. 

104:  4,  15.    He  causcth  the  grass  to  grozu 

for   the   cattle 
And  herb  for  the  service  of  man, 
Tliat  he  may   bring  forth  food  out  of  the 

earth. 
And    zvine    [yayin]    that    maketh    glad    the 

heart  of  man. 
Yayin    may    here    be    used    generically    for 


214 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


wine  in  general,  the  wine  'here  described 
being  new  wine,  to  which  a  similar  gladden- 
ing quality  is  ascribed  in  Judges  9  :  13  and 
Psalms  4:7.  If  it  be  held  that  a  designed 
contrast  is  presented  between  food  as  solid 
sustenance  and  wine  as  drink,  it  by  no 
means  follows  that  the  Psalmist  referred 
to  a  power  of  giving  pleasure  by  alcoholic 
narcotism  of  the  nerves.  The  ideas  really 
contrasted  are  sustenance  and  sweetness; 
for  it  is  well  known  that  the  love  of  sweet 
drinks  is  a  passion  among  Orientals.  One 
thing  is  certain,  that  the  wine  which  is 
drunk  as  God  has  formed  it  in  nature,  must 
be  the  kind  on  which  this  blessing  rests. 

107 :  27.     They  reel  to  and  fro  and  stagger 
like  a  drunken  man 
And  are  at  their  wits  end,  meaning. 
Their  intelligence  is  swallowed  up. 

Proverbs  3 :  10.  Thy  presses  shall  burst 
out  with  new  wine. 

4:  7.  And  drink  the  wine  of  violence, 
meaning  intoxicating  wine. 

9 :  1-5.  Wisdom  has  mingled  [mixed] 
her  wine,  come  and  drink.  This  passage 
indicates  that  the  custom  had  already  origi- 
nated of  mixing  wine  with  aromatic  spices, 
the  object  being  not  to  increase  the  intox- 
ication but  to  gratify  the  palate  with  deli- 
cate flavors.  Thus  originated  in  later  years 
such  deadly  drinks  as  gin  and  absinthe, 
whose  distinctive  elements  are  aromatic  and 
intoxicating  herbs,  w.hich  were  used  at  first 
for  their  flavor. 


START    AND    FINISH. 

"At  la&t  it  biteth  like  a  serpent." 

20:  1,  see  lesson,  p.  63. 

23:   20,   21,   29-35,   see  lesson,  p.  69. 

33 :  4-7.  //  is  not  for  kings  to  drink  zvine. 
Give  strong  drink  to  him  that  is  ready  to 
perish.  (See  p.  35.) "Whatever  force  is  con- 
tained in  the  reason  assigned  for  abstinence 
■in  rulers  and  judges  under  the  old  dispensa- 


tion is  applicable  (a  fortiori)  to  every  posi- 
tion in  a  Christian  life,  where  the  posses- 
sion of  a  clear,  sound  judgment  is  needed; 
and  what  are  the  circumstances  under 
which  such  a  blessing  can  be  wisely  re- 
jected or  imperilled?"  The  Temperance 
Commentary  says :  "The  whole  passage 
may  be  viewed  as  a  declarative  medal,  on 
whose  obverse  side  is  inscribed,  'Intoxi- 
cating drinks  are  not  fit  for  those  who  have 
•to  think  and  act  for  others;';  on  the  re- 
verse, 'Intoxicating  liquors  are  fit  only  for 
those  who  wish  to  lose  the  power  of  think- 
ing and  acting  for  themselves.'  " 

EccLESiASTES  2:3./  searched  in  my 
heart  hozv  to  cheer  my  Hesh  with  wine' 
[yayin].  The  result  of  his  experiments 
is  given  in  Prov.  23,  "Who  hath  woe? 
They  that  tarry  long  at  the  wine."  (See 
lesson,  p.   69.) 

9 :  7.  Eat  thy  bread  with  joy,  and  drink 
thy  zvine  [yayin]  zvith  a  merry  heart.  The 
Temperance  Commentary  says :  "Those 
who  conclude  that  the  wine  approved  in 
Scripture  must  have  been  intoxicating  be- 
cause said  to  give  pleasure,  are  refuted  by 
this  very  passage  in  which  the  eating  of 
bread  is  associated  with  gladness,  simkhah, 
a  term  descriptive  of  the  highest  delight." 

10 :  17.  Happy  art  thou,  O  land,  zvhcn 
thy  king  is  the  son  of  nobles  and  thy 
princes  eat  in  due  season  for  strength  and 
not  for  drunkenness.  The  rule  of  eating, 
for  strength  to  recruit  and  benefit  the  body, 
and  not  for  animal  indulgence,  is  an  admir- 
able definition  of  physical  temperance;  and 
happy  would  be  our  country  if  its  people 
would  make  that  the  law  of  their  lives. 
T.  C. 

10 :  19.  Wine  maketh  glad  the  life,  see 
on   9:   7 

Canticles  5:1.  /  have  drunk  my  wine 
zvifh  my  milk. 

Eat,  O  friends 

Drink,  yea,  drink  abundantly,  O  beloved. 
The  reference  is  to  plentiful  drinking,  not 
at  all  to  any  intoxicating  efifect. 

Isaiah.  Isaiah,  the  greatest  of  the 
major  prophets,  a  scholar  and  statesman, 
uttered  brave  warnings  to  the  rulers  and 
people  of  Juda'h  three  years  before  the 
captivity  of  the  adjoining  kingdom  of 
Israel,  which  was  made  up  of  the  ten  tribes 
that  seceded  under  Jeroboam  I.  Great 
prosperity,  as  usual,  had  brought  to  both 
nations  forgetfulness  of  God  and  those  de- 
structive vices,  intemperance  and  impurity, 
ever  found  with  luxury.  Similar  luxury  is 
developing  in  the  United  States  and  in  the 
British  Empire,  the  very  symptoms  the 
prophet  declared  to  be  signs  of  Judah's  fall. 


Temperance  Commentary  and  Biblical  Index. 


2\ 


As  Augustus  not  only  "found  Rome  brick 
and  left  it  marble,"  but  also  found  it  a  re- 
public and  left  it  despotic,  so  Jeroboam  II. 
found  Israel  cottages  and  left  it  palaces,  but 
he  also  found  it  captive,  first  to  its  own 
vices,  and  consequently  to  the  Assyrians, 
whom  it  could  not  resist  when  its  own 
virtue  had  been  undermined,  and  the  favor 
of  God  had  been  forfeited. 

5 :  11,  see  lesson,  p.  79. 

16 :  10.  No  trcadcr  shall  tread  out  wine 
[yayin]  in  the  presses.  Yayin  is  here  applied 
either  to  the  grapes  or  to  the  newly  ex- 
pressed juice,  showing  that  it  does  not 
always  refer  to  fermented   wine. 

19 :  14.  As  a  drunken  man  staggereth  in 
his  vomit.  There  is  nothing  new  under  the 
sun  in  drimks.     See  on  Gen.  40:  11. 

21 :  5 ;  22  :  5.  Let  us  eat  and  drink,  for 
to-morrozv  zve  shall  die.  The  reference  is 
■to  the  riotous  animalism  that  preceded  and 
caused  the  fall  of  Babylon,  and  of  Israel 
and  Jndah. 

24:  7,  9,  11.  The  neiv  ivine  mourneth, 
the  vine  languisheth.  .  .  ,  They  shall 
not  drink  wine  tvith  a  song;  strong  drink 
shall  be  bitter  to  them  that  drink  it.  .  .  . 
There  is  a  crying  in  the  streets  because  of 
the  zui)ie.  This  is  a  picture  of  the  effect 
of  drouth  and  disaster  upon  the  vine,  and 
consequently  on  the  wine,  of  which  even 
the  little  left  should  lose  its  sweetness,  be- 
cause of  the  bitterness  in  'the  hearts  of  the 
people. 

25 :  6,  In  this  mountain  zvill  Jehovah  of 
hosts  make  a  feast  of  fat  things,  a  feast  of 
wines  on  the  lees.  The  Temperance  Com- 
mentarv  claims  that  the  words  translated 
"a  feast  of  wines  on  the  lees,"  mean  "a 
feast  of  preserves  in  their  purity,"  that  is,  of 
jellies  and  syrups,  which,  with  rich,  mar- 
rowy, savory  meats,  symbolize  God's  spirit- 
ual provision  for  man. 

27:  2,  .3.  A  vineyard  of  wine,  [kereni 
khcntar,  foaming  juice,  'that  is,  newly  ex- 
pressed grape  juice].  Sing  ye  unto  it,  I, 
Jehovah,  am   its  keeper. 

28:  1-10,  see  lesson  p.  87. 

36:  17.     Until  I  come  and  take  you  azvay 
to  a  land  like  your  ozvn  land,  a  land  of  corn 
*   and  nezv  wine. 

49:  26.  They  shall  be  drunken  zvith  their 
ozvn  blood  as  zvith  szvect  zvine.  That  is, 
they  shall  drink  'to  the  full  of  their  own 
blood,  as  they  have  been  accustomed  to 
drink  of  the  fresh  trodden  juice  of  the 
grape.     T.  C. 

55  :  1.  Buy  wine  [yayin]  and  milk.  The 
word  yayin  may  be  used  here  in  a  generic 
sense,  including  the  vine  and  its  products. 
In  any  case  this  is  only  a  figurative  refer- 


ence to  spiritual  blessings,  symbolized  by 
what  were  then  regarded  as  the  chief  physi- 
cal goods. 

56  :  12.  Come  ye,  say  they,  I  zvill  fetch 
zvine  and  zve  will  £11  ourselves  with  strong 
drink,  and  to-morrozv  shall  be  as  this  day, 
a  day  great  beyond  measure.  This  is  the 
language  of  unbridled  sensuality  looking 
forward  to  perpetual  revelry. 

62 :  8,  9.  Surely  I  zvill  no  more  give  thy 
grain  to  be  food  for  thine  enemies;  and 
foreigners  shall  not  drink  thy  nezv  zvine 
for  zvhich  thou  hast  labored.  In  this  case 
the  context  indicates  that  the  new  wine  is 
yet  in  the  grapes. 

63 :  1-6.  /  zvill  make  the  people  drunk 
in  my  fury.  Most  instructive  is  it  to  ob- 
serve that  when  God  would  present  a  sym- 
bol of  His  retributive  wrath  He  selects  for 
His  purpose  an  intoxicating  draught,  which 
brings  down  the  strength  "of  His  adver- 
saries to  the  earth."     T.  C. 

65  :  8.  As  nezv  wine  [tirosh]  is  found  in 
the  cluster,  and  one  saith.  Destroy  it  not, 
for  a  blessing  is  in  it;  so  zvill  I  do  for  my 
servants'  sakes  that  J  may  destroy  them 
all.  Under  the  figure  of  a  single  cluster 
of  vine  fruit,  which  is  all  that  exists  to  re- 
ward the  toil  and  expectations  of  the  pro- 
prietor, and  yet  which- will  not  be  destroyed 
because  a  blessing  is  in  it,  the  God  of  Is- 
rael promises  that  for  His  servants'  sake, 
few  as  those  servants  are.  He  will  not  de- 
stroy all  the  Jewish  people,  but  (v.  9)  will 
bring    forth    a    seed    out    of    Jacob.     T.    C. 

Jeremiah  13 :  13,  /  zvill  fill  all  the  inhabi- 
tants of  this  land  zvith  drunkenness.  In 
this  passage  God  is  said  to  do  what  He 
allows  the  people  to  do.  Their  self-induced 
drunkenness  and  idolatry  is  to  have  all  the 
force   of  a   divine  visitation.     T.   C. 

16 :  7.  Neither  shall  men  break  bread 
for  them  in  mourning  to  comfort  them  for 
the  dead,  neither  shall  men  give  them  the 
cup  of  consolation  to  drink.  Here  is  an 
early  case  of  "drowning  sorrow"  at  funerals 
in  what  will  increase  sorrow.  The  refer- 
ence is  historical,   with  no  approval. 

23:  9.  /  am  like  a  drunken  man. 
Spinoza's  word,  "A  God-intoxicated  man" 
is   apropos. 

25:  15-17,  27,  28.  Take  this  cup  of  the 
zvine  [yayin]  of  zvratli  at  my  hand.  The 
opinion  that  a  liquor  capable  of  represent- 
ing calamities  so  dreadful  is  at  the  same 
time  suitable  for  daily  use,  cannot  too  soon 
pass  away  from  among  sane  men.  The 
language  of  verses  17  and  28  is  full  of 
warning.  The  symbol  and  instrument  of 
their  sin  become  the  symbol,  and  i'n 
part,    the    instrument'  of    their    overthrow. 


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"Drink  and  become  surcharged, "  is  the  in- 
exorable and  irresistible  mandate  to  those 
who  have  persevered  in  wrong-doing.  The 
cup  of  'their  pleasure  is  the  sign  of  their 
punishment.  This  is  no  arbitrary  arrange- 
ment, for  that  which  inflames  is  a  fit  sym- 
bol of  Divine  wrath ;  and  that  which  de- 
bauches does,  in  the  very  nature  of  things, 
prepare  the  debauch  for  destruction.  "Lust, 
when  it  conceives,  brings  forth  sin :  and 
sin,  when  it  is  finished,  brings  forth  death." 
"There  is  a  way  whioh  seemeth  right  unto 
a  man,  but  the  end  thereof  are  the  ways  of 
death."     T.  C. 

31:  12.  They  shall  come  and  sing  in  the 
height  of  Zion  and  shall  How  unto  the  good- 
ness of  Jehovah,  to  the  grain  and  to  the  nciv 
zuine  and  to  the  oil.  From  this  oft-re- 
peated chorus  of  "grain  and  new  wine  and 
oil"  as  the  special  blessings  of  God  in  the 
Land  of  Promise,  it  is  clear  that  there  were 
two  kinds  of  wine  in  common  use  and  that 
"new  wine"  was  the  popular  drink  of  good 
men. 

35:   19,   see  lesson,  p.  39. 

40:  10,  12.  Gathered  zvine  [yayin\  and 
summer  fruits.  Twice  in  these  verses  yayin 
is  used  for  "vintage-fruit,"  for  grapes  or 
for  new  wine  or  both,  on  which  the  Tem- 
perance Commentary  remarks  that  Gedaliah 
and  Jeremiah  do  not  seem  to  have  shared 
the  modern  idea  that  'the  liquid  fruit  of  the 
vine  is  not  "wine"  until  it  is  fermented. 

48 :  26.  Make  ye  him  drunken,  for  he 
magnified  himself  against  Jehovah.  (See 
on  25 :   15,   etc.) 

48 :  32,  33 ;  49 :  12.  /  have  caused  zmne 
[yayin]  to  cease  from  the  wine  presses; 
none  shall  tread  with  shouting.  Here, 
again,  yayin  is  manifestly  used,  not  for  fer- 
mented wine  but  in  a  generic  sense  includ- 
ing the  wine  while  yet  in  the  presses  and 
when  newly  expressed. 

51:  7,  39,  57.  Babylon  hath  been  a  golden 
cup  in  Jehovah's  hand,  that  made  all  the^ 
earth  drunken;  the  nations  have  drunk  of 
her  wine;  therefore  the  nations  arc  mad. 
The  cup  of  divine  retribution  is  again  pre- 
sented, and  the  destructive  efforts  are  not 
less  because  the  cup  is  "golden."  A  bless- 
ing would  hardly  be  used  as  the  symbol  of 
a  curse. 

Lamentations  2 :  12.  IVJicre  is  grain 
and  zvine  {y^yi^i].  Here  again  yayin  takes 
the  place  usually  occupied  by  tirosh,  show- 
ing once  more  that  yayin  does  not  always 
mean  fermented  wine,  but  may  be  used 
generically  for  any  kind  of  wine. 

3.  12.  He  hath  sated  me  with  ivorm- 
wood.  This  is  a  drink  kindred  to  absinthe 
and  gin,  made,  like  them,  by  adding  fragrant 
but  maddening  herbs-  to  the  alcohol.     It  is 


again  the  cup  of  retribution  or  of  affliction. 
So  also  in  4 :  21. 

EzEKiEL  23 :  31-34.  Thou  hast  walked 
in  the  way  of  thy  sister,  therefore  will  I 
give  her  cup  into  thine  hand.  Samaria,  the 
kingdom  of  Israel,  had  been  punished  by 
sword,  famine,  and  captivity,  and  such  a 
cup  of  misery  was  now  to  be  given  to 
Judah,  who  would  be  compelled  to  drain  the 
cup  of  wrath  as  her  sister  kingdom  had 
done  before.  Surely  the  ingredients  of  such 
a  cup  are  identical,  as  one  and  the  same 
kind  of  wine,  with  the  contents  of  a  "cup  of 
blessing!"     T.   C. 

27:  18.  The  zvine  [yayin]  of  Helbon.  A 
famous   "fat   wine." 

44:  21.  Neither  shall  any  of  the  priests 
drink  zvine  zvhen  they  enter  into  the  inner 
court.  This  republication  of  the  Levitical 
law  (Lev.  10:  9)  is  worthy  of  the  careful 
attention  of  those  vVho  look  upon  the  proph- 
ecies of  Ezekiel  as  typical  of  the  dispensa- 
tion under  which  all  believers  are  "kings 
and  priests  unto  God."  It  cannot  be  with- 
out significance  now,  that  during  their  most 
solemn  official  du'ties,  abstinence  was  en- 
joined upon  the  ancient  priests.  Christi- 
anity does  not  sanction  the  abolition  of  safe- 
guards against  evil,  but  renders  their  adop- 
tion more  pleasing  to  God,  because  inspired 
by  filial  reverence  and  godly  fear.  Philo, 
who  was  contemporary  with  the  apostles, 
shows,  in  his  treatise  on  Monarchy,  that  he 
had  entered  into  the  moral  and  catholic 
spirit  of  the  Levitical  ordinance.  The  pas- 
sage is  very  striking  and  is  as  follows : 
"God  issues  additional  commandments,  and 
orders  Aaron,  whenever  he  approaches  'the 
altar  and  touches  the  sacrifices  at  the  time 
when  it  is  appointed  for  him  to  perform  his 
sacred  ministrations,  not  to  drink  wine  or 
other  strong  drink,  on  account  of  four  most 
important  reasons — hesitation,  and  forget- 
fulness,  and  sleep,  and  folly.  For  the  drink 
relaxes  the  powers  of  his  frame  and  ren- 
ders his  limbs  more  slow  of  motion,  and 
makes  his  whole  body  more  inclined  to 
hesitation  and  comnels  it  by  force  to  be- 
come drowsy.  And  also  relaxes  the  ener- 
gies of  his  soul,  and  so  becomes  the  cause 
to  i't  of  forgetfulness  and  folly.  But  in 
the  case  of  abstemious  men  (neephonton) 
all  the  parts  of  the  body  are  lighter,  and, 
as  such,  more  active  and  movable,  and  the 
outer  senses  are  more  pure  and  unalloyed, 
and  the  mind  is  gifted  with  a  more  acute 
sight,  so  that  it  is  able  to  see  things  be- 
forehand, and  never  forgets  what  it  has 
previously  seen.  In  a  word,  indeed,  it 
must  be  considered  that  the  use  of  wine 
is    most    unprofitable    to    the    soul    for    all 


Temperance  Commentary  and  Biblical  fnde; 


2i; 


the  purposes  of  life,  inasmuch  as  the  body 
is  enervated.  For  it  does  not  leave  any 
one  of  ou-r  faculties  free  and  unembarrassed, 
but  it  is  a  hindrance  to  every  one  of  them, 
so  as  to  impede  its  attaining  that  object 
to  which  it  is  by  nature  iibted.  But  in 
sacred  ceremonies  and  holy  rites  this  mis- 
chief is  most  grievous  of  all.  in  proportion 
as  it  is  worse  and  more  intolerable  to  sin 
witli  respect  'to  God  than  with  respect  to 
man. 

Daniel  1 :  1-16,  see  lesson,  p.  97. 

5,  see  lesson,  p.  105. 

10 :  3.  /  ate  no  i^lcasant  bread,  neither 
came  HcsJi  nor  zvine  [yayin]  into  my 
mouth.  Daniel  does  not  use  the  Hebrew 
word,  kJicmer,  drunk  by  Belshaz/.ar  and 
his  lords,  but  he  uses  the  generic  name 
for  the  juice  of  the  grape  in  all  its  ex- 
pressed forms.  In  tlie  absence  of  informa- 
tion, no  one  has  the  right  to  decide  that 
Daniel,  in  his  old  age,  habitually  consumed 
the  kind  of  yavin  which  the  royal  nreacher 
had  designated  as  "a  mocker,"  and  which 
■the  older  prophets  of  his  nation  employed 
as  a  symbol  of  Divine  reiribution.  Inno- 
cent preparations  of  yayin  could  be  pro- 
cured in  abundance.  The  question  what 
kind  of  wine  Daniel  drank,  is  to  be 
answered,  so  far  as  an  answer  is  possible, 
by  the  probabilities  of  the  case.  That  some- 
body consumed  innocent  vinous  prepara- 
tions is  certain.  Is  it  probable  that  the 
prophets  and  saints  were  the  sole  persons 
who  refused  to  do  so?  Whatever  answer 
is  returned  can  in  no  degree  affect  the  gen- 
eral argument  for  abstinence  based  on 
Science  and  Experience,  nor  the  particular 
argument  deduced  from  the  signal  success 
of  the  abstinent  practice  which,  in  his 
youth,  Daniel  so  firinly  adopted  and  so 
consistently  pursued. 

HosEA  2 :  8,  22.  /  gave  her  the  grain  and 
the  nczv  zvine  and  the  oil.     See  Jer.  31 :  12. 

4:  11,  Whoredom  and  zvine  {yayi>i\ 
and  nczv  zvine  {tirosh^  take  azjvay  the  heart. 
It  is  certainly  incumbent  on  us  to  interpret 
this  passage,  if  possible,  in  harmony  with 
forty  other  uses  of  the  word  tirosh,  and 
so  it  is  unreasonable  to  interpret  the  term 
"take  aw'ay  the  heart."  which  certainly 
never  means  drunkenness  anywhere  else  in 
the  Bible,  as  meaning  that  in  this  solitary 
case  tirosh,  new  wine,  is  pictured  as  intox- 
icating. The  Temperance  Commentary  in- 
terprets the  passage  in  harmony  with  the 
context,  as  meaning  that  vices  represented 
by  yayin,  and  luxuries,  represented  by 
tirosh,  are  drawing  the  people  away  from 
religion.  This  is  in  harmony  with  many 
passages    where   "plenty   of  grain   and   new 


wine,''  as  above,  is  the  symbol  of  materia! 
prosperity. 

7:  Tj.  On  the  day  of  our  king,  the  princes 
made  themselves  sick  zvith  the  heat  of 
zvine.  As  in  Judah,  the  priest  and  prophet 
erred  through  wine,  so  here  the  princes. 

7 :  14 ;  9 :  2.  They  assemble  themselves 
for  grain  and  nezv  zvine. 

14 :  7.  The  scent  thereof  shall  be  as  the 
zvine  of  Lebanon.  A  wine  of  famous  qual- 
ity. 

Joel  1 :  5,  10.  Wail  all  ye  drinkers  of 
zvine  because  of  the  szveet  zvine. 

2 :  19.  /  zvill  send  you  grain  and  nezv 
zvine  and  oil. 

3  :  3.  Sold  a  girl  for  wine  [yayin].  Here 
is  a  glimpse  of  the  power  of  drink  to  over- 
whelm  parental    love. 

3 :  18.  The  mountains  shall  drop  dozvn 
szveet  zvine  [ahsis].  In  a  fertile  season 
the  ripe  grapes  burst,  and  their  juice  liter- 
ally  flows   down   the  rocks. 

Amos  2 :  8.  /;;  the  house  of  their  god 
they  drink  the  zvine  of  such  as  have  been 
fined.  We  have  here  the  picture  of  men 
of  violence,  who,  having  inflicted  on  the 
weak  fines  which  were  paid  in  wine  or  ex- 
pended in  that  liquor,  drank  the  wine  in 
their  pagan  temples,  thus  adding  revelry 
and  idolatry  to  injustice,  if,  indeed,  the  de- 
sire for  this  revelry  was  not  the  predispos- 
ing cause  of  the  injustice,  as  it  often  is  of 
robbery  in  our  own  day.     T.  C. 

2 :  12.  Ye  gave  the  Nazarites  zvine  to 
drink.  (See  lesson,  p.  33.)  It  has 'been  in- 
ferred by  able  expositors,  from  this  pass- 
age, that  the  "sons  raised  up  for  prophets'" 
were  also  the  "young  men"  raised  up  for 
Nazarites,  although  the  Nazarites  may  have 
included  others  who  were  not  trained  to 
the  prophetical  office ;  so  that  the  descrip- 
tion (as  given  by  Isaiah  and  Jeremiah)  of 
intemperance  among  priests  and  prophets, 
marked  the  violation  of  special  obligations 
to  abstinence,  as  well  as  general  moral 
principles.  Be  that  as  it  may,  we  learn 
from  these  verses  the  importance  attached 
by  God  to  the  Nazarite  class,  and  also  that 
their  pre-eminent  characteristic  was  absti- 
nence from  wine.  Jehovah  claims  to  have 
raised  up  a  succession  of  prophets  and  Naz- 
arites, and  the  attempt  'to  subvert  the  fidel- 
ity of  the  Nazarites  is  coupled  as  a  sin 
with  the  impiou.j  effort  to  silence  the  teach- 
ers of  the  nation  and  the  organs  of  the 
Almightv.  That  there  was  a  connection  be- 
itween  the  love  of  drink,  and  the  rejection 
of  the  true  prophets  who  would  not  counte- 
nance the  causes  of  national  declension 
(Micah  2:  11).  makes  as  plain  as  does 
Amos   the  contrary  and   better  association, 


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between  abstinence  and  a  pious  fidelity  to 
the  will  of  God  in  His  "holy  ones."     T.  C. 

4 :  1 ;  5 :  11.  That  crush  the  needy,  that 
say  unto  their  lords,  Bring  and  let  us  drink. 
Cruelty  and  sensuality  are  here  found  to- 
gether as  they  are  wherever  intoxicants  are 
used. 

6 :  6.  That  drink  wine  [yayin]  in  hozvls. 
The  idea  was  then  common,  which  now 
survives  in  spots,  that  there  was  some  great 
■merit  in  swallowing  a  great  quantity  of 
liquors  as  if  a  man  was  a  tank  to  be  meas- 
ured by  his  holding  capacity. 

9:  13.  The  mountains  shall  drop  sweet 
wine  [ahsis].  See  on  Joel  3:  18. 

9 :  14.  They  shall  plant  vineyards  and 
drink  the  wine  [yoyin]  thereof.  Here  again 
yayin  is  manifestly  used  in  its  generic  sense 
in  close  connection  with  the  vineyards  as  of 
wine  newly  made. 

Obadiah  1 :  15,  16.  As  yc  have  drunk 
upon  my  holy  mountain  so  shall  all  the 
nations  drink.  Here,  again,  it  is  the  cup 
of  retribution.     (See  on  Jer.  25:  15.) 

MiCAH  2:  11.  If  a  man,  walking  in  the 
spirit  of  falsehood,  do  lie,  saying,  I  will 
prophesy  unto  thee  of  xvine  and  of  strong 
drink;  he  shall  even  he  the  prophet  of  this 
people.  How  strange  is  it  that,  in  the  face 
of  such  texts  as  these  perpetually  recurring 
in  the  history  of  the  Jews,  men  of  pro- 
fessed piety  and  of  undoubted  intelligence 
should  labor  under  the  extraordinary  de- 
lusion that  wine — and  especially  Eastern 
countries,  must  necessarily  be  sober  coun- 
tries !  So  far  from  this  being  the  fact,  this 
Hebrew  text  implies  that  the  people  were  so 
anxious  to  mdulge  their  craving  for  inebri- 
ating liquors  that,  any  one  (though  destitute 
of  the  marks  of  a  true  teacher)  who  should 
promise  them  an  abundant  supply,  would 
be  eagerly  received  by  them  as  a  true 
prophet,  however  false  and  sensuous  might 
be  his  prophecy.     T.  C. 

6:  15.  Thou  shall  tread  the  olives  hut 
shall  not  anoint  thee  xvith  oil;  and  the  vin- 
tage, hut  shalt  not  drink  the  wine.  To 
realize  the  full  sense  we  must  take  the 
whole  verse :  "Thou  shalt  tread  the  olive 
[zaith],  and  shall  not  anoint  thyself  with 
oil  [shemen],  and  (tread)  the  vine-fruit 
[tirosh],  and  shalt  not  drink  the  expressed 
juice  [yayin}."  Here  tirosh  is  as  clearly 
placed  in  opposition  to  yayin  as  zaith 
(olive  to  shemen   (oil).     T.  C. 

Nahum  1  10;  3:  11.  For  entangled  like 
thorns,  and  drunken  as  xvith  their  drink, 
they  are  consumed  utterly  as  dry  stubble. 
Here  is  another  picture  of  defeat  by  drink. 
Diodorus  Siculus,  who  describes  the  cap- 
ture of  Nineveh  by  Arbaces,  the  Mede,  and 


Belesis,  the  Babylonian,  states  that,  after 
the  besiegers  had  been  conquered  in  the 
field,  the  Assyrians  gave  themselves  up  to 
feasting  and  drunkenness ;  when  the  enemy, 
being  informed  of  their  condition,  fell  upon 
them,  and,  after  a  great  rout,  drove  into 
the  city  those  who  had  escaped  slaughter 
or  capture.     T.  C. 

Habakkuk  2:  5.  JVine  [yayin]  is 
treacherous.  Wine,  that  is,  the  wine  that 
intoxicates,  is  here  described  as  a  spoiler, 
one  that  secretly  plunders;  and  this  char- 
acteristic of  wine  is  made  the  ground  of  a 
comparison  between  it  and  a  "strong  man" 
(gebcr)  who  is  proud  and  does  not  rest,  who 
enlargeth  his  desire  (or  sou!)  as  sheol  (the 
under-world."  The  verdict  of  Solomon, 
latz  hay-yayin,  "a  mocker  is  the  wine,"  and 
the  confirmatory  verdict  of  Habakkuk,  /K13'- 
yayin  bogad,  "the  wine  is  a  defrauder," 
affix  forever  upon  the  wine  that  intoxicates, 
a  stigma  which  no  colors  of  social  flattery 
can  conceal,  and  no  force  of  sophistry  ex- 
punge.    T.  C. 

2 :  15.  Woe  unto  him  that  giveth  his 
neighbor  drink,  to  thee  that  addest  thy  venom 
and  makcst  him  drunken  also,  that  thou 
mayest  look  on  their  nakedness.  The  cup 
of  riot  shall  be  followed  by  the  cup  of 
retribution.  Sensuality  entails  shame ;  and 
those  who  assist  in  the  degradation  of 
others  are  adopting  the  most  effectual 
means  of  their  own  ignominious  exposure. 
The  woe  pronounced  in  verse  15  is  thought 
by  some,  not  to  attach  to  those  who  would 
hold  out  the  cup  of  inflaming  drink  for 
gain,  yet  not  purposely  to  make  others 
drunken ;  but  that  a  portion  of  their  con- 
demnation is  associated  with  every  part  of 
the  procedure,  no  intelligent  Christian  can 
doubt.  Even  when  the  motives  are  not 
mercenary,  and'  the  intentions  even  kind, 
there  must  be  a  heavy  responsibility  for 
the  sanction  given  to  the  circulation  of 
dangerous  drinks,  and  the  persuasions  used 
in  pressing  their  use  on  others. 

Zephaniah  1 :  13.  They  shall  plant  vine- 
yards but  shall  not  drink  the  wine  [yayin] 
thereof.  Here,  again,  yayin,  closely  associ- 
ated with  vineyards  may  refer  to  wine 
generically,  new  or  old,  or  both. 

Haggai  1:6.  Ye  drink  but  are  not  filled. 
The  picture  is  of  an  insufficiency  of  food 
and  drink  without  any  specific  reference 
to  any  kind  of  food  or  drink.  But  it  has 
been  noted  that  putting  wages  into  a  bag 
with  holes,  pictures  the  folly  of  working- 
men  putting  one  fourth  of  their  average 
earnings  into  drink,  even  in  the  United 
States,  where  the  per  capita  consumption 
is  less   than   in  most  other  lands. 


Tcinpcmncc  Conuncntary  and  Biblical  Index. 


219 


1:  11.  /  called  for  a  drought  upon  the 
land  .  .  .  and  upon  the  nezu  wine 
[tirosh]. 

2:  16.  When  one  came  to  the  ivine  vat 
to  draw  out  fifty  vessels  there  were  but 
twenty.  Here,  again,  the  reference  is,  of 
■course,    to    new    wine. 

Zechariah  9:  15.  And  they  shall  drink 
and  make  a  great  noise  as  through  wine 
[yayin]. 

9:  17.  Grain  shall  make  tlie  young  men 
flourish,  and  new  wine  the  virgins.  In 
referring  to  the  nutritious  qualities  of  corn 
and  vine-fruit,  the  prophet  assigns  "corn" 
to  the  youth  of  one  sex,  and  the  "vine- 
fruit"  to  the  youth  of  the  other  sex,  not 
■because  their  food  was  respectively  confined 
to  corn  or  grapes,  but  because  in  making  a 
difference,  the  bloom  and  lusciousness  of 
the  vine-clusters  better  harmonized  with  the 
beauty  and  sweetness  of  the  Jewish  virgin 
■than  with  the  masculine  attributes  of  the 
rougher  sex. 

10:  7.  Their  heart  shall  rejoice  as  througJi 
ivine  {yayin^.  The  rejoicing  may  refer 
either  to  the  gladness  and  cheerfulness 
arising  from  the  abundance  of  innocent  wine, 
or  to  the  effects  of  the  inebriating  cup.  In 
any  case,  there  is  no  more  a  sanction  of  the 
agent,  or  the  act  of  drinking  it,  than  a  sanc- 
tion of  war  is  involved  when  the  Spirit  of 
Truth  is  likened  to  a  two-edged  sword. 

THE  NEW   TESTAMENT. 

Matthew  9 :  17.  Neither  do-men  put  new 
zvine  into  old  zvine  skins.  The  Temperance 
Commentary  denies  the  usual  explanation 
that  new  skins  were  needed  to  allow  the 
progress  of  fermentation  to  go  on.  It  is 
claimed  that  fermentation  was  always  com- 
pleted before  bottling,  and  would  otherwise 
explode  any  skin,  new  or  old.  This  is  said 
to  be  a  reference  to  the  efforts  made  by  the 
ancients  to  keep  wine  from  fermenting  by 
putting  it  into  new  skin  bottles  and  sealing 
it  up,  lest  the  ferment  adhering  in  old  bot- 
tles should  ferment  it  all. 

11:  19.  Behold  a  gluttonous  man  and  a 
wine  bibber.  The  diet  of  John  was  simple 
and  uniform — such  as  the  wilderness  spon- 
taneously provided :  his  dress  was  rough 
and  hairy ;  his  residence  was  away  from 
the  haunts  of  man,  and  his  manner  was 
austere.  The  multitude  was  awe-struck,  but 
the  profanely  bold  said,  "He  has  a  demon," 
an  evil  spirit  that  enables  him  to  bear  the 
privations  and  fatigues  of  his  arduous  life. 
In  truth,  he  was  a  Nazarite,  and  more  than 
a  Nazarite  (see  note  on  Luke  1:  15) — one 
who,  in  the  performance  of  his  peculiar  mis- 
sion as  the  awakening  prophet  and  forerun- 
ner of  the  Messiah,  was  divinely  devoted  to 


do  and  be  that  which  was  best  adapted  for 
"he  success  of  his  great  work.  Jesus,  who 
would  have  done  precisely  as  John  did,  had 
His  ofifice  been  the  same,  was  anointed  to 
another  mission — that  of  preaching  and  pre- 
senting in  His  own  person  the  gospel  of  the 
kingdom.  He  therefore  did  not  hold  Him- 
self aloof  from  village,  town  and  city,  nor 
adopt  a  singular  attire,  nor  use  the  mon- 
otonous food  of  the  wilderness.  He  came 
not  so  much  to  awe  by  His  wonders  as  to 
woo  by  His  gentleness.  His  life  was  emi- 
nently social ;  therefore,  in  common  par- 
lance, He  came  eating  and  drinking,  while 
for  both  food  and  drink  He  was  dependent 
upon  the  grateful  bounty  of  His  friends. 
As  the  austerity  of  John's  life  led  his 
slanderers  to  charge  him  with  being  pos- 
sessed by  a  demon,  so  the  suavity  of  Je- 
sus led  the  same  vituperators  to  charge 
Him  with  indulgence  in  sensuous  delights, 
with  addiction  to  the  pleasures  of  the 
table,  with  pampering  His  appetite,  and 
gratifying  a  taste  for  good  living — with 
being  'an  eater  and  wine-drinker,'  a 
lover  of  dainty  food  and  drink!  There 
was  no  ground  for  this  charge;  for  self-in- 
dulgence, especially  in  meat's  and  drinks, 
was  opposed  to  the  whole  purpose  of  His 
advent  and  redeeming  work.     T.  C. 

14:  6.  7.     See  lesson  on  Herod,  p.  113. 

24 :  48,  49.  See  lesson  on  "Drugging  the 
Guards,"  p.    125. 

2G :  29.  /  shall  not  drink  henceforth  of 
this  fruit  of  the  vine  until  that  day  zvhen 
I  drink  it  nezv  with  you  in  my  Father's 
kingdom. 

The  arguments  in  favor  of  the  position 
that  the  Saviour  used  at  the  institution  of 
the  Lord's  Supper,  the  unfermented  "fruit 
of  the  vine"  are  thus  summarized  by  the 
Temperance    Commentary : 

"1.  Obedience  -to  the  Mosaic  law  re- 
quired the  absence  of  all  fermented  articles 
from  the  Passover  feast.  The  law  for- 
bade seor — yeast,  ferment,  whatever  could 
excite  fermentation — and  khahmatz,  what- 
ever had  undergone  fermentation  or  been 
subject  to  the  action  of  a  seor.  (See  Note 
on  Exod.  12:  15,  19.)  Fermented  grape- 
juice  must,  'therefore,  by  the  necessity  of 
the  case,  have  been  equally  interdicted  with 
fermented  bread.  Most  noteworthy  is  it 
that  Maimonides.  Bartenora,  and  other 
medieval  rabbins,  in  allowing  the  use 
of  intoxicating  wine,  defend  their  permis- 
sion by  supposing  that  it  is  not  fermented. 
They  say:  'It  is  an  hypothesis  of  the  Jews 
that  the  water  of  fruits  does  not  ferment; 
'hence  the  prohibition  does  not  apply  to 
pure  water  and  to  wine.'  In  other  words, 
to  excuse  a  violation  of  the  letter  of  the 


220 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


Divine  law,  rabbinism  sets  up  a  proposition 
which  is  a  plain  contradiction  of  natural 
law!  If  grape-juice  does  not  ferment, 
whence  did  the  rabbins  suppose  its  intoxi- 
cating power  was  derived?  It  is  hardly 
possible  to  stretch  our  charity  so  as  to 
believe  that  the  assertion  was  ever  put  forth 
in  good  faith.  An  attempted  distinction  be- 
lt ween  the  ferment  ^'  grain  and  the  fer- 
ment of  grape-juice  is  not  a  whit  more  de- 
fensible; for  (1)  all  ferment  was  forbidden, 
and  (2)  the  ferment  [yeast]  of  grain  and 
of  grape-juice  is  chemically  identical.  Nor 
can  it  be  pretended  that  ferment  only,  not 
the  product  of  ferment,  was  prohib- 
ited ;  for  the  Gemara  and  rabbins  forbade 
all  fermented  liq-  of  grain,  however  well 
'fined ;  and,  'moreover,  rum  and  all  dis- 
tilled spirits  which  are  quite  free  from  scor 
have  been  always  rieidly  interdicted.  Be- 
sides, it  must  have  been  practically  impos- 
sible for  the  Jews  to  retain  large  quantities 
of  fermented  wine  on  their  premises  with- 
out a  considerable  portion  of  the  ferment 
remaining  attached  '^-  nd  casks.    We 

here  reach  the  last  pinch  of  the  argument. 
Did  the  Saviour  understand  the  law,  or  did 
He  not?  Did  He  observe  the  law,  or  break 
it?  If  He  used  fermented  liquor,  He  must, 
either  ignorantly  or  intentionally,  have 
broken  it ;  and  reverence  for  their  Master 
ought  surely  to  lead  Christians  to  the  con- 
clusion that  the  cup  He  'blessed'  and  gave 
to  His  disciples  contained  nothing  which 
the  law  of  Moses  had  interdicted. 

"2.  The  consistency  and  beauty  of  the 
sacramental  symbol  demanded  the  absence 
of  all  fermented  drinks.  Leaven  had  been 
used  by  the  Great  Teacher  as  an  emblem 
of  the  doctrine  of  the  Pharisees;  and  both 
among  Jews  and  heathens  ferment  was  a 
■common  sign  of  corruption.  The  Lord  of 
the  dispensation  of  grace,  who  was  now 
about  to  seal  the  new  covenant  by  His  blood, 
offers  the  cup  as  the  type  and  token  of  that 
blood.  Could  grape-juice,  which  had  been 
subject  to  a  decaying  and  fermenting  pro- 
cess, be  fitly  and  consistently  used  as  its 
visible  symbol?  Could  that  blood,  signify- 
ing the  redemption  of  man  and  the  cleans- 
ing of  the  conscience,  be  aptly  represented 
by  an  intoxicating  cup,  which,  in  the 
Psalms  and  prophets,  had  been  adopted, 
on  the  one  hand,  as  the  figure  of  human 
depravity,  and,  on  the  other,'  as  the  em- 
blem of  Divine  indignation? 

"3.  If  the  traditions  of  the  Talmud  cor- 
rectly state  that  each  person  at  the  Pass- 
over was  suoplied  with  four  cups  at  least, 
and  had  permission  to  take  an  extra  quan- 


tity between;  and  if  the  Saviour  kept  the 
Passover,  according  to  this  custom,  with 
His  disciples,  unless  we  assume  the  ab- 
sence of  fermented  liquors,  the  inference 
is  inevitable  that  both  the  Lord  and  His 
followers  countenanced  and  illustrated  al- 
coholic excess !  Each  cup,  says  Lightfoot 
(vol.  ix,  p.  151),  was  to  contain  "not  less 
than  the  fourth  part  of  a  quarter  of  a 
hin,  besides  what  water  was  mingled  with 
it' ;  and  as  the  hin  contained  twelve  Eng- 
lish pints,  the  quantity  of  wine  which  it 
was  obligatory  upon  each  person  to  drink 
would  be  three  pints ;  but  three  pints  of 
alcoholic  wine  would  be  sufficient  to  make 
any  person,  save  a  hardened  toper,  grossly 
into-xicated.  Even  if  the  Talmud  be  ac- 
cused of  extravagance,  and  the  quantity  is 
reduced  one-half,  nine  out  of  ten  persons 
who  drank  it,  and  all  women  and  children, 
would  be  inebriated.  Indeed,  to  suppose 
any  sort  of  wine  to  be  freely  drunk,  ex- 
cept an  unfermented  species,  is  to  presup- 
pose consequences  from  which  the  truly 
devout    mind    instinctively    recoils. 

"4.  As  subsidiary  evidence,  we  may  cite 
the  long-established  practice  of  nearly  all 
the  Christian  communities  of  the  East, 
though  widely  separated  from  each  other. 
Baron  Tavernier,  in  his  'Persian  Travels' 
(1652),  says  of  the  Christians  of  St.  John, 
whom  he  found  very  numerous  at  'Balsara' 
(Bassorah)  :  'In  the  Eucharist  they  make 
use  of  meal  or  flour,  kneaded  up  with  wine 
and  oil ;  for,  say  they,  the  body  of  Christ 
being  composed  of  two  principal  parts, 
flesh  and  blood,  the  flour  and  the  wine,  do 
perfectly  represent  them.  To  make  their 
wine  they  take  grapes  dried  in  the  sU'U — 
w.hich  they  call  in  their  language  zebibes, 
and  casting  water  upon  them,  let  them  steep 
for  so  long  a  time.  The  same  wine  they 
use  in  the  consecration  of  the  cup.'  The 
Christians  of  St.  Thomas,  who  were  found 
on  'the  coast  of  Malabar,  and  claimed  to 
have  derived  the  gospel  from  St.  Thomas 
the  Apostle,  celebrated  the  Lord's  Supper 
in  the  juice  expressed  from  raisins  'soft- 
ened one  night  in  water,'  says  Odoard  Bar- 
bosa.  'They  use  in  their  sacrifices  wine 
prepared  from  dried  grapes'  (vino  et 
passis  uvis  confecto  in  sacrificiis  utuntur), 
states  Osorius  (De  Rebus,  1586).  Ains- 
worth.  in  his  'Travels  in  Asia  Minor'  (Lon- 
don, 1842),  notes  the  administration  of  the 
sacrament  among  the  Nestorians,  and  adds. 
'Raisin  water  supplied  the  place  of  wine.' 
Tischendorf,  in  his  narrative  of  visits  to 
the  Coptic  monasteries  of  Egypt,  remarks 
that  at  the  Eucharist  the  priest  took  the 
thick  juice  of  the  grape  from  a  glass  with 


Temperance  Commentary  and  Biblical  Index. 


221 


a  spoon ;  and  Dr.  Gobat,  the  Protestant 
Bishop  of  Jerusalem,  in  his  Abyssinian 
'Journal,'  records  the  reception  of  'some 
bottles  of  grape  wine.  The  wine  is  the 
juice  of  dried  grapes  with  water.'  It  is 
morally  certain  that  the  eucharistical  notices 
of  some  of  the  ancient  Christian  sects,  who 
are  represented  as  denouncing  wine  and 
rejecting  it  from  the  Lord's  Supper,  are 
colored  and  perverted  statements  pointing 
simply  to  a  refusal  to  use  fermented  wine 
in  the  sacrament.  When  so  able  and 
acute  a  theologian  as  St.  Augustine  charges 
his  old  associates,  the  Manichaeans,  with 
inconsistency  because  they  condemned  in- 
to.xicating  wine  and  yet  allowed  the  use 
of  grapes,  it  is  difficult  to  estimate  the 
capacity  for  blundering  in  lesser  minds  up- 
on the  kindred  question  of  the  wine  used 
by  the  independent  sects  of  antiquity;  some 
of  whom  may  ihave  been  very  wrong  in  re- 
spect to  articles  of  faith,  and  very  right  in 
points  of  discipline  and  practice. 

"5.  In  spite  of  the  sophisms  of  many  cele- 
brated doctors,  the  Jews  of  the  synagogue 
do  conform  very  extensively  to  the  Mosaic 
injunction  to  celebrate  the  Passover  with- 
out fermented  drinks.  Speaking,  no  doubt, 
from  his  own  observation,  the  Rev.  C.  F. 
Frey,  a  converted  Jew  and  author  of  sev- 
eral Hebrew  works,  has  said :  'Nor  dare 
they  [the  Jews]  drink  any  liquor  made 
from  grain,  nor  any  that  has  passed  through 
the  process  of  fermentation.'  The  Arbah 
Turim.  a  digest  of  Talmudic  law,  by  Rabbi 
Jacob  ben  Asher,  in  the  thirteenth  century, 
says  of  the  four  cups:  "If  needful,  he 
must  sell  what  he  has,  in  order  to  keep  the 
injunction  of  the  wise  men.  Let  him  sell 
what  'he  has,  until  he  procure  yayin  ov 
zhnmooqiin — wine  or  raisins.'  The  learned 
Rabbi  Manasseh  ben  Israel,  in  his  Vindicia 
Judaeorum  (Amsterdam,  1656),  says  of 
'the  passover :  'Here,  at  this  feast,  every 
confection  (matzoth)  ought  to  be  so 
pure  as  not  to  admit  of  any  ferment,  or  of 
anything  that  will  readily  fermentate' — 
(Sect,  i.,  No.  4).  Mr.  Noah,  a  leading 
Jew  of  New  York,  informed  Mr.  Delavan 
that  the  use  of  wine  prepared  from  steeped 
raisins  was  general  among  American  Jews. 
Mr.  A.  C.  Isaacs,  a  teacher  of  the  Jews, 
among  whom  he  had  lived  twenty-six  years 
before  his  conversion,  stated  in  a  letter 
(1844)  :  'All  the  Jews  with  whom  I  have 
ever  been  acquainted  use  uni'ntoxicating 
wine  at  the  passover — a  wine  made  in  this 
country  expressly  for  the  occasion,  and  gen- 
erally by  themselves.  Some  raisins  (dried 
grapes)  are  steeped  in  water  for  a  few  days 
previous   to   the  passover,  the  vessel  being 


placed  'near  the  lire.  'J'his  liquor  is  bottled 
off,  and  used  at  the  feast  of  unleavened 
bread  as  'the  fruit  of  the  wine.'  Some- 
times when  time  does  not  permit  of  steep- 
ing, the  raisins  are  boiled  on  the  same  day 
on  which  the  feast  is  to  be  celebrated  at 
night;  and  when  the  whole  of  the  saccha- 
ri'ne  matter  is  thought  to  be  extracted,  the 
decoction  is  bottled  ofif  and  corked;  and 
this  is  the  passover  wine.'  Dr.  Cunning- 
ham, the  learned  Hebraist,  says :  'What  is 
now  chiefly  used  by  the  Jews  at  the  pass- 
over  for  wine  is  a  drink  made  of  an  in- 
fusio'n  of  raisins  in  water,  which  is  either 
boiled  at  once  or  simmered  during  sev- 
eral days.  It  is  free  from  alcohol  and 
acidity.  It  is  quite  sweet.  I  have  tasted 
it  at  the  paschal  table.  No  Jew  with  whom 
I  have  conversed,  of  wliatever  class  or  na- 
tion, ever  uses  any  other  kind.  But  a  Mr. 
Jonas  informed  me  that  he  believed  the 
proper  kind  of  wine  is  that  expressed  from 
the  red  grape  at  the  time.'  In  Home's 
'Introduction  to  the  Scriptures'  it  is  said 
(vol.  3,  p.  322,  foot-note.  Edit.  1846)  ;  'The 
modern  Jews,  being  forbidden  to  drink  any 
fermented  liquor  at  the  passover,  drink 
either  pure  water,  or  a  wine  prepared  by 
themselves  from  raisins  (Allen's  'Modern 
Judaism,'  p.  394;  the  Truth-Seeker,  1845,  p. 
78).  It  is  not  known  when  the  Jewish  cus- 
tom began  of  excluding  fermented  wine 
from  the  passover  feast.  It  is,  however, 
very  ancient,  and  is  now  almost  miiversal 
among  the  modern  Jews.'  The  late  Pro- 
fessor Moses  Stuart,  in  the  Bibliotheca 
Sacra  (Vol.  i.),  remarks:  'I  cannot  doubt 
that  khainats,  in  its  widest  sense,  was  ex- 
cluded from  the  Jewish  passover  when  the 
Lord's  Supper  was  first  instituted;  for  I 
am  'not  able  to  find  evidence  to  make  me 
doubt  that  the  custom  among  the  Jews, 
of  excluding  fermented  wine  as  well  as 
[fermented]  bread,  is  older  than  the  Chris- 
tian era.  .  .  .  That  this  custom  is  very 
ancient ;  that  it  is  even  now  almost  uni- 
versal ;  and  that  it  has  been  so  for  time 
whereof  the  memor->'  of  man  runneth  not  to 
the  contrary,  I  take  to  be  facts  that  can- 
not be  fairly  controverted."  The  Encyclo- 
paedia Britannica  observes,  that  'consid- 
erable dispute  has  bee'n  raised  as  to  whether 
the  wine  used  on  the  occasion  was  fer- 
mented or  uinfermented — was  the  ordinary 
wine,  in  short,  or  the  pure  juice  of  the 
grape.  Those  who  hold  that  it  was  un- 
fermented,  appeal  mainly  to  the  expres- 
sion 'unfermented  things,'  which  is  the  true 
rendering  of  the  word  translated  'unleav- 
ened bread.'  The  rabbins  would  seem  to 
ihave    interpreted   the    command    respecting 


222 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


ferment  as  extending  to  'the  wme  as  well 
as  to  the  bread  of  the  passover.  The  mod- 
ern Jews  accordingly  generally  use  raisin 
wine,  after  the  injunction  of  the  rabbins" 
(Art.  'Passover,'  8th  Edit.).  The  Jews 
may,  indeed,  differ  in  their  practice, 
as  the  rabbins  have  differed  in  their 
opinions ;  but,  unquestionably,  multitudes 
consider  that  a  regard  to  the  Mosaic  pre- 
scription requires  them  to  exclude  fer- 
mented liquor  of  all  kinds  from  their  dwell- 
ings during  the  passover,  and  to  celebrate 
that  feast  in  wine  of  a  perfectly  unintoxi- 
cating  c'haracter." 

27:  34;  27:  AS.  They  gave  him  vincgai' 
to  drink,  iiiinglcd  zvith  gall,  and  ivhen  he 
had  tasted,  he  ivotild  not  drink.  A  drugged 
wine  that  might  deaden  the  pain  of  dying 
was  offered  to  Christ,  but  He  refused  to 
drink  it.  However  he  seems  to  have  al- 
lowed the  vinegar  in  a  sponge  to  be  pressed 
to  His  lips. 

Mark  2 :  22.  New  wine  and  new  bot- 
tles, see  on  Matt.  9 :  17. 

14 :  33.  Lord's  Supper,  see  on  Matt. 
26:   29.- 

15:  25,  36.  See  on  Matt.  27:  34,  etc. 

Luke  1 :  15.  He  shall  be  great  in  the 
sight  of  the  Lord,  and  he  shall  drink  no 
zuine.  John  'the  Baptist  was  to  be  a  Naza- 
rite.  If  wine  could  have  made  him  stronger 
for  ihis  great  work,  it  is  inconceivable  he 
should  have  been  cut  off  from  it.    T.  C. 

5 :  37-39.  New  wine  in  new  bottles,  see 
on  Matt.  9:  17. 

7 :  33-35.  A  gluttcynous  man  and  a  wine- 
bibber,  see  on  Matt.  11 :  19. 

10:  7.  In  that  same  house  remain,  eat- 
ing and  drinkins  such  things  as  they  give. 
This  is  urged  as  an  argument  for  drinking 
intoxicants  whenever  we  are  guests  of 
drinking  people,  but  the  argument  would  be 
quickly  repudiated  if  extended  to  eating 
things  we  dislike.     T.  C. 

12:  45.  See  lesson  on  "Drugging  the 
Guards,"  p.   125. 

15.     See  lesson  on  the  prodigal,  p.  133. 

17:  26-28.  They  ate,  they  drank.  The 
original  ecstliion,  e/^inon,  indicates  exces- 
sive addiction.  Several  educational  jour- 
nals have  severely  criticized  the  picture  on 
p.  13,  apparently  not  knowing  it  was  Dore's 
and  not  knowing  the  significance  of  the 
Greek  original,  which,  with  the  story  of 
Noah  and  the  fact  that  drink  has  always 
been  a  part  of  "wickedness."  justified  the 
artist  in  picturing  some  of  the  antedilu- 
vians as  overtaken  by  the  flood  at  a  drunken 
feast. 

21 :  34.  But  take  heed  to  yourself  lest 
haply    your    hearts    be    overcharged    zvith 


surfeiting    and  drunkenness.      (See  p.  125.) 
22  :  17,  18,  20.  See  on  Matt.  26  :  29. 
23:  36.    See  on  Matt.  27:  34. 
John  2 :  11.     Thou    hast    kept    the    good 
wine     until     nozu.      Our     Old     Testament 
studies    have    already    shown    very    clearly 
that  both  fermented  and  unfermented  wine 
were  in  common  use  in  Bible  lands  during 
Bible  times.     It  is  therefore   more   reason- 
able   to    suppose    it     was    new     wine    that 
Jesus    made,    rather    than    to    snnnose    that 
He  created  such  wine  as    Solomon    forbids 
us  even  to   "look"   upon,   and  the  prophets 
use  as  symbols  of  God's  destructive  wrath. 

On    llio    Liquor    Dealers'    Appeal    to    the    Bible. 

(From    Philadelphia    North    American,    March 
•27,    1909.) 

Whether  or  not  in  the  ancient  days  it  was 
right  or  wrong  for  a  pastoral  people  to 
make  and  drink  pure  wine  from  their  vine- 
yards, has  absolutely  no  connection  with 
present-day  drunkenness,  vice,  crime,  pov- 
erty and  waste  of  health,  money  and  pro- 
ductive energy. 

Would  any  of  these  glib  quoters  of  the 
drunkenness  of  Noah  undertake  to  convince 
us  that  Christ  was  a  poisoner  and  trans- 
formed water  into  a  blend  of  fusel  oil,  prune 
juice,  brown  sugar  and  fiery  neutral  spirits, 
softened  and  sweetened  into  a  palatable 
blend  that  burns  out  men's  minds' and  health, 
defies  all  national  laws  and  breeds  murder? 

Does  anyone  declare  that  the  example  of 
Christ  sanctions  degradation,  impoverish- 
ment, the  debauchery  of  womanhood,  the 
alliance  with  every  form  of  civic  crime? 

The  defenders  of  the  traffic  tax  tolerance 
and  affront  our  sense  of  decency  too  much 
when  they  persist  in  claiming  divine  sanc- 
tion for  the  dive,  the  speakeasy  and  the  den 
of  debauchery. 

We  think  we  speak  for  all  Americans, 
non-believers  in  aught  supernatural,  honest 
agnostics,  Hebrews,  Catholics  and  Prot- 
estants, in  saying  that  all  share  disgust 
with  hypocrisy  and  false  pretense.  And, 
therefore,  we  think  that  if  the  liquor  men 
are  possessed  of  an  atom  of  foresight,  they 
will  close  the  Bible  and  cease  their  insane 
attempts  to  sanctify  the  American  saloon. 

19  :  28-30.  There  zvas  set  a  vessel  full  of 
vinegar,  see  on  Matt.  27 :  34. 

Acts  2 :  23-25.  They  are  tilled  zvith  uczv 
zvine  (gleukos).  How  could  the  mockers 
wishing  to  charge  the  disciples  with  drunk- 
enness, accuse  them  of  being  filled  with 
gleukos-'  Why  did  they  not  use  the  gen- 
eric name  oinos,  which  comprehended  wine 
of  all  sorts,  fermented  and  otherwise?   Two 


TriiiperiDice  Coninicntary  and  Biblical  Index. 


223 


solutions  have  been  suggested  by  the  Tem- 
perance Commentary :  The  first  considers 
that  glcukos  here  retains  its  primary  sense 
of  sweet,  unfermented  wine,  and  that  the 
use  of  the  word  in  that  sense  formed  par' 
of  the  mockery  connected  with  the  charge. 
Ironical  insinuations  are  always  the  most 
cutting  accusations,  or  at  least  are  intended 
to  be  so,  and  constitute  a  mode  of  derision 
often  used  by  the  most  refined  as  well  as 
by  the  coarsest  minds.  When,  therefore, 
certain  men  wished  to  exhibit  their  bitter 
animosity  on  the  day  of  Pentecost,  they  did 
so  by  the  jeering  exclamation,  '"These  men 
are  full  of  gleukos — sweet  wine  !" — mean- 
ing, on  the  contrary,  that  they  were  full, 
not  of  gleukos  (unfermented  wine),  but  of 
some  more  potent  drink.*  To  have  said, 
"They  are  drunk,"  would  have  been  too 
blunt  and  direct  a  charge  to  suit  the  mock- 
ers ;  but  to  launch  it  in  the  ironical  shape 
of  taking  too  much  innocuous  juice  of 
the  grape,  gratified  alike  their  malignity 
and  self-conceit.  The  second  explanation 
does  not  extend  the  mockery  to  the  phrase- 
ology, but  confines  it  to  the  charge  of  in- 
toxication ;  and  it  accounts  for  the  taunt, 
"full  of  sweet  wine,"  by  the  tendency  of 
gleukos,  when  carelessly  allowed  to  fer- 
ment, to  acquire  rapidly  an  inebriating  qual- 
ity. Enough  saccharine  matter  would  re- 
main undecomposed  to  permit  an  alcoholic 
gleukos  to  preserve  its  characteristic  sweet- 
ness; and  as  this  sweetness  would  tempt  to 
copious  consumption,  the  results  may  be 
forecast.f 

Gleukos  would  thus  answer  to  the  He- 
brew shekar,  literally,  "sweet  drink,"  but: 
frequently  applied  to  liquor  which  would 
intoxicate  if  freely  consumed.  Hence,  too, 
the  force  of  the  expression,  memestomenoi 
gleukos,  "filled  full  of  gleukos,"  implying, 
first,  that,  being  luscious,  a  plentiful  use 
of  it  was  probable ;  and  that,  being  par- 
tially fermented,  a  copious  potation  would 
be  needed  to  insure  the  inebriation  of  the 
drinkers. 

The  reply  of  Peter  is  a  denial  of  the  im- 
plicit charge  of  drunkenness,  but  the  form 
of  his  reply,  "these  are  not  drunken,  as 
ye  suppose,  seeing  it  is  but  the  third  hour 
of  the  day,"  has  been  adduced  as  an  ad- 
mission that  the  apostles  were  in  the  habit 

*A  French  writer,  for  example,  accused 
Prouclhomme  of  belnj:  uu  buveur  d'eau,  "a 
water-drinker,"  really  meaning  the  opposite — 
namely,  "brandy -tippler." 

tin  the  United  States;  of  America  there  is  an 
every-day  illustration  of  this.  The  sweet  cider 
is  often  kept  and  used  by  professed  temper- 
ance people,  who  are  not  aware  that  through 
time,  or  carelessness,  it  runs  into  a  fermenta- 
tion,   and   becomes   intoxicating. 


of  using  some  kind  of  intoxicating  liquor. 
He  did  not  say,  "We  never  take  strong 
drink ;  we  are  abstainers,  or  Nazarites," 
but  he  fell  back,  as  a  sufficient  refutation, 
upon  the  period  of  the  day  when  the  false 
accusation  was  made.  The  objection  will 
not  stand,  for, 

The  apostle  used  the  only  argument 
adapted  to  the  character  of  the  mockers. 
Had  'he  said,  "We  never  drink  at  all,"  the 
jeering  rejoinder  might  have  been,'  "Ex- 
cept upon  the  sly !  Men  who  get  drunk 
are  very  apt  to  profess  the  strictest  so- 
briety." To  have  appealed  to  personal  char- 
acter or  habit  would  have  been  useless, 
since  both  were  already  called  in  question ; 
but  the  apostle  meets  them  on  social 
grounds;  he  retorts  by  an  argumentum 
ad  usum,  bhe  force  of  which  they  could 
not  resist.  He  replies  in  effect,  "On  your 
own  assumption  that  we  drink  to  excess 
of  gleukos,  or  something  stronger,  your 
inference  is  unreasonable.  It  is  now  but 
the  hour  of  nine  in  the  morning,  and  you 
know  that  'they  that  are  drunken  are 
drunken  in  the  night' ;  drunkards  begin 
their  debauches  at  night,  and  in  the  morn- 
ing are  fit  for  nothing;  or  if  they  should 
ever  assemble  to  drink  so  earlj^  they  do 
not  break  off  at  this  time  of  day,  but 
continue  till  wine  inflames  them." 

Temperance  Teachings  of  Paul,  p.  179  ff. 

Romans  6 :  12,  13.  Let  not  sin  therefore 
reign  in  your  mortal  body  that  ye  should 
obey  the  lusts  thereof.  It  is  appropriate 
to  quote  here  the  words  of  Dr.  L.  Bremer, 
late  of  St.  Vincent's  Insane  Asylum:  "To- 
bacco leads  to  drink,  and  drink  leads  to 
licentiousness.  Tobacco,  alcohol  and  licen- 
tiousness might  well  be  called  'The  Three 
Curses.'  " 

13:  7-14.     See  lesson,  p.  143. 

14 :  12-23.  See  lesson,  p.  153.  "Each  one 
of  us  shall  give  account  of  himself  to  God,'' 
not  only  for  what  we  are  in  ourselves,  but 
for  the  influence  we  exert  upon  others. 
"No  man  liveth  to  himself,"  and  no  man 
drinketh  to  himself.  Instead  of  being 
stumbling  blocks  in  the  way  of  others,  let 
us   try   to  be    stepping   stones. 

16 :  17-19.  They  serve  not  our  Lord 
Christ,  but  their  ozvii  belly. 

I.  Corinthians  6 :  9-12,  19,  20.  Be  not 
deeeived;  neither  fornicators,  nor  idolaters, 
nor  coveters,  nor  drunkards,  nor  revilers, 
of  themselves  with  mankind,  nor  thieves, 
nor  coveters,  nor  drunkards,  nor  revilers, 
nor  extortioners,  shall  inherit  the  kingdom 
of  God.  The  principle  of  abstinence  from 
intoxicants   is  one  recognized  by  the  Gos- 


224 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


pel  as  the  sine  qua  von  of  safety  for  the 
drunkard;  and  without  it  there  can  be 
no  reasonable  hope  that  the  appetite  for 
strong  drink  will  be  overcome,  or  the  di- 
vine life  effectually  nourished  and  matured 
in  the  once  intemperate  man. 

8:  8-13.  Abstaining  for  the  sake  of  others. 

10.     See  lesson,  p.  159. 

9 :  19-27.  Every  man  that  siriveth  in  the 
games  exerciseth  self-control  i)i  all  things. 
See  Heb.  12:  1-13;  also  p.  103. 

10:  23-33  (on  meat  ofifered  to  idols).  See 
p.  153. 

11 :  20-22,  33,  34.  It  is  not  possible  to  eat  the 
Lord's  Supper,  for  in  your  eating  each  one 
iaketh  before  other  Jiis  own  supper;  and  one 
is  liungry  and  another  is  drunken.  The 
Temperance  Commentary  gives  the  follow- 
ing paraphrase  of  Paul's  words:  "When 
you  assemble  in  your  accustomed  place  of 
meeting  on  the  Lord's  Day,  you  do  so  avow- 
edly to  partake  of  the  Lord's  Supper,  but 
in  reality  you  do  not  celebrate  it  in  a  man- 
ner deserving  the  name.  For  those  who  ar- 
rive first,  having  produced  their  provisions, 
begin  to  eat,  as  at  a  common  meal,  so  eagerly 
and  selfishly  that,  while  one  member  of  the 
church  remains  hungry  and  unsatisfied,  and 
has  his  poverty  exposed,  another  is  filled 
to  absolute  satiety.  Now,  have  you  not 
houses  in  which  eating  and  drinking  can 
be  carried  on?  Why  convert  the  house  of 
worship  dedicated  to  'brotherly  love'  into  a 
place  of  selfish  and  sensual  feasting?  Can 
it  be  that  you  despise  the  church  of  God, 
and  wish  to  put  to  shame  your  less  affluent 
brethren,  who  have  not  your  means  of  sat- 
isfying their  appetites?  What  shall  I  say 
to  you?  Shall  I  commend  you  for  such 
conduct?  I  do  not  commend  you."  (Hav- 
ing described  the  institution  of  the  Lord's 
Supper  (see  Matt.  26:  26),  in  order  to  im- 
press 'the  Corinthians  with  the  solemnity 
proper  to  its  observance,  he  returns  to 
their  ill  behavior  (ver.  33,  34).  '  i.et  it, 
therefore,  my  brethren,  be  your  practice  in 
future,  when  you  come  to  partake  of  the 
Lord's  Supper,  to  wait  for  one  another 
before  you  enter  upon  the  sacred  service. 
If  any  one  is  hungry,  let  him  eat  to  satisfy 
his  appetite  in  'his  own  house,  either  be- 
fore or  after  this  Christian  communion,  so 
that  he  will  not  be  tempted  to  withhold  his 
surplus  from  the  common  stock,  and  be 
involved  in  a  common  condemnation  ;  and  as 
to  the  rest  of  your  irregularities,  whether 
including  the  use  of  the  common  elements 
of  the  love-feast,  instead  of  the  proper  and 
carefully  prepared  bread  and  wine  of  the 
passover — those  I  will  set  in  order  on  my 
personal  arrival  amongst  you." 


GALATIAN.S  5:  13-21.  See  lesson  on  Lib- 
erty, p.   1G5. 

5:  22-24.  But  the  fruit  of_  the  spirit  is 
love,  joy,  peace,  longsuffcring,  kindness, 
goodness,  faithfuhicss,  meekness,  self-con- 
trol. This  last  is  still  temperance,  the 
crowning  virtue  that  represents  self-mas- 
tery. 

6  :  7,  8.  IVJiatsoever  a  man  soiveth,  thai 
shall  he  also  reap:  The  dragon's  teeth 
which  Jason  sowed  will  serve  as  a  fitting 
illustration.  The  farmer  told  him,  not 
knowing  what  he  sowed,  that  it  would  be 
weeks  before  the  green  leaves  would  ap- 
pear, and  months  before  the  harvest  would 
be  ready,  but  in  a  few  hours  the  whole  field 
was  brilliant  with  what  appeared  to  be 
drops  of  dew  glittering  in  the  moonlight. 
Those  bright  objects  pushed  up  and  soon 
proved  to  be  the  points  of  lances.  Then 
came  up  highly  polished  brass  helmets,  un- 
der which  were  savage  faces;  then  cuirasses 
appeared,  and  as  the  figures  grew  and 
pushed  up  out  of  the  earth  right  and  left 
appeared  soldiers  with  swords,  lances  and 
shields,  and  soon  upon  the  earth  stood  a 
great  company  ready  for  battle.  Were  they 
brave  and  noble  soldiers  gathered  to  defend 
their  country?  Oh,  no,  they  fought  each 
other  madly,  and  soon  all  were  dead  upon 
the  field.  Such  is  the  destructive,  murder- 
ous outcome  of  sowins-  the  alcohol  in  our 
individual  and  social  lives. 

Ephesians  5 :  1-21.  And  be  not  drunken 
zvith  zvine,  zvherein  is  riot,  but  be  Ulled 
zvith  the  spirit.  See  Luke  1 :  14,  also  p.  171. 
"When  you  meet,  let  your  enjoyment  con- 
sist not  in  fulness  of  wine,  but  fulness  of 
the  Spirit ;  let  your  songs  be  not  the  drink- 
ing-songs of  heathen  feasts,  but  psalms  and 
hymns ;  and  their  accompaniment,  i:ot  the 
music  of  the  lyre,  but  the  melody  of  the 
heart ;  while  you  sing  to  the  praise,  not  of 
Bacchus  or  Venus,  but  of  the  Lord  Jesus 
Christ." 

Philippians  4 :  5.  Let  your  forbear- 
ance (Old  Version,  moderation)  be  knozvn 
unto  all  men.  The  text  that  for  centuries 
was  supposed  to  give  divine  license  for 
moderation  in  the  use  of  poison  beverages 
turns  out  to  be  a  mistranslation.  Neither  in 
this  nor  any  other  text  is  moderation  in  the 
use  of  any  harmful  thing  authorized. 

Colossians  2 :  16-23.  Let  no  man  there- 
fore judge  you  in  meat  or  drink  .  .  . 
Why,  as  though  living  in  the  zvorld.  do  ye 
subject  yourself  to  ordinances?  Handle 
not,  nor  taste,  nor  touch  (all  zvhich  things 
are  to  perish  zvith  the  using).  Correctly 
construed,  the  passage  is  favorable  to  the 
temperance    reform,    for    the    apostle    repu- 


Temperance  Commentary  and  Biblical  Index. 


22"-. 


diates  ordinances  springing  from  the  theory 
of  a  moral  or  innmoral  duality  in  things 
themselves,  irrespective  of  their  actual  ef- 
fects, putting  superstitious  fancies  in  the 
place  of  observed  results ;  whereas  the 
temperance  principle  ascribes  rightness  and 
wrongness  solely  to  responsible  agents,  and 
proscribes  intoxicating  drinks  as  unfit  for 
use  on  the  ground  of  a  want  of  physical  ap- 
propriateness, and  their  injurious  influ- 
ences upon  the  body,  and  only  through  it 
upon   the  mental   and   moral  nature.     T.   C. 

1  Thessalonians  5  :  6-9.  Let  us  ivatch 
and  be  sober.  See  p.  125.  The  Temperance 
Commentary  having  grouped  passages  con- 
taining nrt'/'/io, translated  "sober,"  remarks: 
"That  the  original  signification  of  necpho 
implies  abstinence  from  intoxicating  liquors, 
may  be  safely  inferred  (1)  from  its  etymol- 
ogy or  derivation,  and  from  the  definitions 
of  lexicographers;  (2)  from  its  use  by  an- 
cient authors;  (3)  from  its  use  in  connec- 
tion with  ana  and  ek,  to  denote  the  en- 
tire cessation  of  the  vinous  influence,  and 
the  restoration  of  the  body  to  its  normal 
and  naturally  abstinent  condition;  (4) 
from  its  figurative  employment  to  denote 
perfect  and  natural  watchfulness  of  mind, 
only  possible  when  one  abstains  from  nar- 
cotics." 

5:  22.  Abstain  from  every  form  of  evil. 
See  lesson,  p.  179. 

1  Timothy  3:  2-11.  The  bishop  must 
therefore  be  zvithout  reproach,  the  husband 
of  one  zvife,  temperate,  sober-minded.  .  . 
Deacons  in  like  manner  must  be  grave,  not 
given  to  mucli  zuine.  .  .  .  Women  in 
like  manner  must  be  grave,  temperate.  The 
inference  that  some  use  of  intoxicating 
liquors  is  sanctioned  by  this  interdiction  of 
"much  wine"  will  be  found,  on  examina- 
tion,  premature  and   illusive. 

1.  Excessive  drinking,  even  of  uninebriat- 
ing  drinks,  was  a  vice  prevalent  in  the  days 
of  Paul,  and  corresponded  to  gluttony; 
also  common,  that  is,  the  excessive  use  of 
food,  but  not  of  an  intoxicating  kind. 
Prizes  were  often  offered  with  the  object 
not  of  producing  inebriation,  but  of  test- 
ing the  powers  of  incontinent  imbition  to 
the  utmost:  Not  a  few  of  the  early  of- 
ficers of  Christian  churches  were,  probably, 
selected  from  men  who  had  been  notorious 
for  such  practices  ('called  methusoi, 
"topers,"  by  St.  Paul,  in  writing  to  the  Co- 
rinthians, 1st  Epistle,  6 :  10,  "and  such  were 
some  of  you,"  ver.  11)  ;  and  the  apostle 
here  reminds  them  that  such  conduct  is  in- 
consistent with  their  "hieh  calling"  as  faith- 
ful servants  of  the  Lord  Jesus.  He  is  di- 
recting his  exhortation   against  a   common 


vice  and  is  not  pronouncing  any  opinion 
upon  the  nature  of  intoxicating  liquors. 

2.  To  argue  that  by  forbidding  "much 
wine"  St.  Paul  approves  some  use  of  wine 
of  any  and  every  sort,  is  to  adopt  a  mode 
of  interpretation  exceedingly  dangerous  and 
wholly  inconsistent  with  common  usage. 
(1)  Once  lay  it  down  that  what  is  not 
forbidden  is  approved,  and  the  Bible  be- 
comes a  book  of  the  wildest  license:  "Thou 
shalt  do  no  murder"  becomes  a  permission 
to  do  any  violence  short  of  murder ;  and 
"Let  not  the  sun  go  down  upon  thy  wrath" 
is  a  reason  for  indulging  in  anger  of  any 
kind  from  sunrise  to  sunset. 

3.  If  it  is  asked  why  St.  Paul  did  not 
directly  forbid  all  use  of  wine,  both  a  spe- 
cial and  a  general  answer  may  be  returned. 
(1)  The  particular  answer  is,  that  the  term 
oinos  (wine)  included  a  great  variety  of 
drinks  made  from  the  juice  of  the  grape; 
and  as  many  of  these  were  free  from  an 
intoxicating  quality,  and  others  were  so 
weakened  by  water  as  to  be  practically  non- 
inebriating,  unless  voraciously  consumed,  a 
universal  proscription  would  have  ignored 
important  distinctions  that  were  well  known 
to  exist.  (2)  The  general  answer  is,  that, 
for  wisest  ends,  the  apostle  refrained  fro^m 
condemning  by  name  much  which  the  de- 
velopment of  Christian  light  and  the  opera- 
tion of  Christian  love  would  hereafter  show 
to  be  inconsistent  with  the  principles  of 
the  Christian  system,  and  which,  therefore, 
would  be  renounced  by  true  and  enlight- 
ened disciples.  Slave-holding,  arbitrary 
government,  bigamy,  and  polygamy,  lots 
and  gambling  were  not  prohibited.  Numer- 
ous objectionable  customs  of  ancient  times 
were  not  forbidden  in  express  terms.  The 
apostles,  it  is  clear,  trusted  to  the  effectual 
working  of  that  Spirit  of  truth  and  grace 
which  dwelt  in  the  Church,  for  the  gradual 
elevation  of  human  character,  and  the  pro- 
gressive extinction  of  institutions  and  hab- 
its that  were  in  any  degree  discordant  with 
the  Divine  principles  of  the  Gospel.  To 
obey  the  Father  in  all  things,  to  be  l!ke 
'the  Son  in  purity ;  to  love  as  brethren ;  to 

do  good  at  all  sacrifice,  as  we  have  oppor- 
tunity ;  to  suffer,  rather  than  inflict  wrong ; 
to  resist  unavoidable  temptations,  and  shun 
what  we  can ;  to  make  earth  spiritually  one 
with  Heaven — these  were  first  principles 
which,  conscientiously  lived  out,  would 
cover  and  comprehend  all  circumstances, 
and,  in  the  long  run,  banish  evil  from  the 
world.  Actuated  by  this  spirit,  the  question 
will  be,  not  whether  intoxicating  wine  is 
prohibited  by  name  in  the  New  Testament, 
but   whether   Scrip-ture  and   experience   af- 


226 


World  Booh  of  Temperance. 


ford  us  such  a  knowledge  of  its  nature  and 
results  as,  on  Christian  principles,  binds 
us  to  renounce  and  discountenance  its  use? 

4  :  3-5.      Commanding    to    abstain  ,  from 
meats.     See  p.   153. 

5 :  22-23.  Be  no  longer  a  drinker  of 
'water,  but  use  a  little  zvitie  for  thy  stom- 
ach's sake  and  for  tliine  often  infirmities. 
See  pp.  34,  184.  The  bearing  of  this  text  upon 
Temperance  Reform  can  now  be  distinctly 
perceived:  (1)  It  does  not  condemn  or 
discountenance  abstinence  from  intoxicat- 
ing liquor  as  a  rule  of  life  in  health,  or  for 
the  sake  of  health,  much  less  where  it  is 
practised  from  motives  of  benevolence  and 
piety.  (2)  It  does  not  sanction  the  use  of 
intoxicating  liquor  by  men  in  general,  or 
by  any  class  or  individual  in  particular.  It 
marks  an  exception  to  a  rule ;  and  since  that 
exception  had  rejspect  to  a  lifelong  ab- 
stainer, it  is  applicable  very  indirectly,  if  at 
all,  to  others.  As  to  habitual  wine-drink- 
ers, the  law  of  parallelism  would  indicate 
that  when  they  are  ill,  t'hey  should  try  ab- 
stinence from  the  liquor  which  at  least  has 
not  preserved  them  from  disease.  If  wine  is 
good  as  a  medicine,  then,  like  other  medi- 
cine, it  must  prove  beneficial  to  those  who 
are  least  accustomed  to  it  in  health.  (3) 
As  Timothy  had  abstained  from  wines  of 
all  kinds,  fermented  and  unfermented,  boiled 
and  unboiled,  he  may  have  complied  with 
the  apostolic  prescription  without  consum- 
ing a  drop  of  alcoholic  liquor.  Even  if  he 
partook  of  some  weak  alcoholic  wine  and  de- 
rived benefit,  no  general  conclusions  in  favor 
of  using  alcohol  even  in  disease,  much  less 
in  health,  could  be  philosophically  deduced, 
and  recent  investigations  have  shown  a 
great  decrease  in  mortality  where  alcoholic 
liquors  have  been  discarded  from  the  treat- 
ment of  the  very  diseases  supposed  to  be 
best  affected  by  their  administration.  Al- 
lowing what  is  beyond  proof,  that  St.  Paul 
advised  an  abstainer  to  use  a  little  alcoholic 
liquor  as  a  medicine,  the  records  of  so- 
phistry can  hardly  produce  a  match  to 
the  monstrous  conclusion,  "Therefore,  al- 
coholic liquors  of  all  sorts  are  fit  to  be 
habitually  taken,  by  persons  of  all  condi- 
tions, whether  thev  are  well  or  whether  they 
are  ill" !     T.  C.  See  p.  184. 

Titus  1 :  4-14 ;  11-15.  That  aged  zvomen 
be  temperate  .  .  .  nor  enslaved  to 
much  wine.  This  mav  have  referred  to 
the  habit  of  drinking  to  repletion  of  new 
wine. 

Hebrews  12 :  1.  1.  Let  us  lay  aside  every 
weight  and  the  sin.  If  any  deny  that  his 
use  of  poisonous  alcoholic  beverages  is  a 
"sin,"  he  can  hardly  deny  it  is  a  "weight" 


in  the  race  for  success,  in  the  l.ght  of  re- 
cent experiments  showing  the  harmfulneis 
of  even  occasional  drinking  (p.  75),  and  the 
rules  of  athletic  societies  and  railroads  an.l 
insurance  companies  discriminating  en 
scientific  and  business  grounds  against 
even  moderate  drinkers. 

1  Peter  4:  1-11,  5,  8.  See  p.  191.  Be 
sober,  be  zvatchful:  your  adversary,  the  devil, 
as  a  roaring  lion,  walketh  about  seeking  zvhom 
he  may  devour  (swallow  down).  On  this 
passage  Adam  Clarke  remarks :  "It  is  not 
every  one  that  he  can  swallow  down.  Those 
who  are  sober  and  vigilant  are  proof 
against  him ;  these  he  may  not  swal- 
low down.  Those  who  are  drunk  with 
the  cares  of  this  world,  and  are  un- 
watchful,  'these  he  '.may  swallow  down. 
There  is  a  beauty  in  this  verse,  and  strik- 
ing apposition  between  the  first  and  last 
words,  which  I  think  have  not  been  noticed. 
Be  sober — neepsate,  from  nee,  not,  and 
piein,  to  drink — do  not  swallow  down;  and 
the  word  katapiee,  from  kata,  down,  and 
piein,  to  drink.  If  you  swallow  strong 
drink  down,  the  devil  will  swallow  you 
down.  Hear  ye  this,  ye  drunkards,  topers, 
tipplers,  or  by  whatsoever  name  ye  are 
known  in  society,  or  among  your  fellow- 
sinners,  strong  drink  is  not  only  your  way 
to  the  devil,  but  the  devil's  wav  into  vou. 
T.  C. 

2  Peter  1 :  2-11.  In  your  faith  supply 
virtue;  and  in  your  virtue,  knoivledgc ;  and 
\n  your  knoivledgc,  self-control.  (Compare 
Gal.  5:  22-24).  In  the  light  of  history 
and  modern  science  it  cannot  be  questioned 
that  every  bottle  of  wine  lessens  one's  self- 
control. 

Revelation  6  :  6.  The  oil  and  the  wine 
hurt  thou  not.  Here  as  often  in  the  Old 
Testament  the  fruit  of  the  vine  and  the 
olive  are  grouped  with  no  reference  to  in- 
toxicating wine. 

8:  10,  11.  There  fell  from  heaven  a 
great  star,  burning  as  a  torch,  and  it  fell 
upon  the  third  part  of  the  rivers.  .  .  . 
And  the  name  of  the  star  is  called  JVorm- 
wood.  The  passage  may  have  no  refer- 
ence to  liquors,  but  is  a  good  illustration  of 
what  savages  call  "fire  water,"  and 
"wormwood"  (apsinthos)  is  a  good  name 
for    the    deadliest   of   firewater,    absinthe. 

14:  8,  18-20;  16:  19;  17 :  1,  2,  6 ;  18 :  3. 
Babylon  made  all  the  nations  to  drink  of 
the  zvine  of  the  wrath  of  her  fornication. 
Here  again  it  is  appropriate  to  remark  that 
a  harmless  beverage  would  hardly  be  used 
as  a  symbol  of  "wrath"  and  "fornication." 

18:  13.     See  on  6:  6. 

21.     See  lesson,  p.  179. 


FROM     NEWEST    TESTAMENT     OF     GOD'S    NEWLY    DISCOVERED 

NATURAL  LAWS. 


The  Newest  Testament  of  Modern 
Science,  a  translation  of  God's  revelation 
in  nature,  must  be  taken  into  account  in 
interpreting  the  meaning  of  doubtful  Scrip- 
tures. (See  pp.  6  and  75.)  If  God  in 
nature  proclaims  alcohol  a  poison  and  so 
unsuitable  for  use  as  a  food  or  drink,  to 
be  used  as  sparingly  and  carefully  as  other 
poisons,  if  at  all,  even  as  a  medicine,  then 
surely  one  who  believes  that  God's  world 
and  Word  reveal  the  same  divine  will  must 
give  the  verdicts  of  science,  if  fully  at- 
tested, decisive  weight  in  their  final  inter- 
pretations. Christ,  "by  whom  God  made  the 
worlds,''  cannot  have  made  at  Cana  or  pre- 
scribed for  the  Lord's  Supper  the  poison- 
ous product  of  fermentative  decay  that 
ic'hemistry  and  physiology  have  shown 
alcohol  to  be. 

Dr.  Henry  Smith  Williams,  M.D.,  LL.D., 
in  McClure's  Magazine,  October,  1908,  on 
"The  Efifect  of  a  Bottle  of  Wine  a  Day"'  :* 

"When  a  single  dose  of  alcohol  is  admin- 
istered, its  effects  gradually  disappear,  as  a 
matter  of  course.  But  they  are  far  more 
persistent  than  might  be  supposed.  Some 
experiments  conducted  by  Fiirer  are  illum- 
inative as  to  this.  He  tested  a  person  for 
several  days,  at  a  given  hour,  as  to  reac- 
tion time,  the  association  of  ideas,  the 
capacity  to  memorize,  and  facility  in  adding. 
The  subject  was  then  allowed  to  drink 
two  litres  of  beer  [two  and  one  tenth 
quarts]  in  'the  course  of  a  day.  No  intoxi- 
cating effects  whatever  were  to  be  dis- 
covered by  ordinary  methods.  The  psycho- 
logical tests,  however,  showed  a  marked 
disturbance  of  all  the  reactions,  a  dimin- 
ished capacity  to  memorize,  decreased  facil- 
ity in  adding,  etc.,  not  merely  on  the  day 
when  the  alcohol  was  taken,  but  on  suc- 
ceeding days  as  well.  Not  until  the  third 
day  ivas  there  a  gradual  restoration  to  com- 
plete normality;  although  the  subject  him- 
self— and  this  should  be  particularly  noted 
— felt  absolutely  fresh  and  free  from  after- 
effects of  alcohol  on  the  day  following  that 
on  which  the  beer  was  taken.  Similarly 
Riidin  found  the  effects  of  a  single  dose 
of  alcohol  to  persist,  as  regards  some  forms 
of  mental  dis'turbance,  for  twelve  hours,  a'nd 
for  other  forms  twenty-four  hours,  and 
for  yet  others  thirty-six  hours  and  more. 
But  Riidin's  experiments  bring  omt  another 
aspect  of  the  subject,  which  no  one  who 
considers     the     alcohol     question     in     any 

♦Full  copies  of  article  cau  be  bad  by  acldressi 


of  its  phases  should  overlook:  the  fact, 
namely,  that  individuals  differ  greatly  in 
their  response  to  a  given  quantity  of  the 
drug. 

"Noting  thus  that  the  effects  of  a  single 
dose  of  alcohol  may  persist  for  two  or  three 
days,  one  is  led  to  inquire  what  the  result 
will  be  if  the  dose  is  repeated  day  after 
day.  Will  there  then  be  a  cumulative  effect, 
or  will  the  system  become  tolerant  of  the 
drug  and  hence  unresponsive?  Some  ex- 
periments of  Smith  and  others  of  Kiirz 
and  Kraepelin  have  been  directed  toward 
ithe  solution  of  this  all-important  question. 
The  results  of  the  experiments  show  a  pil- 
ing up  of  the  disturbing  effects  of  the  alco- 
hol. Kiirz  and  Kraepelin  estimate  that 
after  giving  eighty  grams  per  day  to  an 
individual  for  twelve  successive  days,  the 
working  capacity  of  that  individual's  mind 
was  lessened  by  from  twenty-five  to  forty 
per  cent.  Smith  found  an  impairment  of 
the  power  to  add,  after  twelve  days, 
amounting  to  forty  per  cent.;  the  power 
to  memorize  was  reduced  by  about  seventy 
per  cent. 

"Forty  to  eighty  grams  of  alcohol,  the 
amounts  used  in  producing  these  astound- 
ing results,  is  no  'more  than  the  quantity 
contained  in  one  or  two  litres  of  beer  or 
in  a  half-bottle  to  a  bottle  of  ordinary  ivine. 
Prof.  Aschaffenburg,  commenting  on  these 
experiments,  points  the  obvious  moral  that 
the  so-called  moderate  drinker,  who  con- 
sumes his  bottle  of  wine  as  a  matter  of 
course  each  day  with  his  dinner — and  who 
doubtless  would  declare  that  he  is  never 
under  the  influence  of  liquor — is  in  reality 
never  actually  sober  from  one  zveek's  end 
to  ajtotlier.  Neither  in  bodily  nor  mental 
activity  is  he  ever  up  to  what  should  be  his 
normal   level. 

"A  comparison  of  the  results  of  work 
[by  typesetters — one  ounce  Greek  wine 
alternate  days]  on  normal  and  on  alcoholic 
days  showed,  in  the  case  of  one  of  the  work- 
ers, no  difference.  But  the  remaining  three 
showed  greater  or  less  retardation  of  work, 
amounting  in  the  most  pronounced  case 
to  almost  fourteen  per  cent.  As  typesetting 
is  paid  for  by  measure,  such  a  worker 
would  actually  earn  ten  per  cent,  less  on 
days  when  he  consumed  even  this  small 
quantity  of  alcohol."  In  the  light  of  such 
observations,  a  glass  of  beer  or  even  the 
cheapest  bottle  of  wine  is  seen  to  be  an 
expensive  luxury.  (See  p.  10.) 
iig  iSeientiflc   Temperance  Federation,  Boston. 


VARIOUS  FORMS  OF  ALCOHOLIC  LIQUORS. 


A-bsinthe,  made  by  redistilling  alcoholic  spirits 
in  which  absinthium  and  other  aromatic  or 
bitter  herbs  and  roots  have  been  macerated. 
Indigo  and  blue  vitriol  are  added  to  deepen 
the  color. 

Ale,  made  from  a  fermented  infusion  of  malt, 
flavored  with  hops. 

Alcohol,  the  intoxicating  ingredient  in  all 
liquors.  The  chemists  of  the  middle  ages 
were  the  first  distillers  of  alcohol,  although 
it  is  claimed  that  the  ancient  Chinese,  many 
centuries  before  the  Christian  era,  practised 
distillation.  In  Bible  times  distillation  was 
unknown.  Albucasis,  a  chemist  of  the  11th 
century,  living  in  Arabia,  is  said  to  have  been 
the  discoverer  of  distillation. 

Anisette,  a  French  liquor  prepared  by  flavor- 
ing weak  spirits  with  seed  of  anise,  sweet 
fennel  seed  and  coriander  seed,  all  sweetened 
with  finely  clarified  syrup  of  refined  sugar. 

Arrack,  a  strong  distilled  liqtior  used  in  the 
East,  made  from  date  juice,  rice,  or  the  cocoa 
palm. 

Beer,  an  alcoholic  beverage  made  by  malting 
barley,  which  is  afterward  boiled  with  hops 
and  then  fermented  with  yeast. 

Brandy,  a  liquor  distilled  from  the  fermented 
juice  of  fruits  or  grains. 

Cassis,  a  liquor  prepared  in  France  from  black 
currants. 

Champagme,  a  light  and  effervescent  form  of 
wine,  named  from  a  French  province. 

Chartreuse,  prepared  by  the  monk  of  La  Grau 
Chartreuse,  France,  the  mode  of  manufacture 
being  a  secret,  but  the  chief  aromatics  are 
believed  to  be  wormwood,  carnations,  and 
the  young  buds  of  pine-trees. 

Cider,  the  expressed  juice  of  apples,  or  other 
fruits,  either  before  or  after  fermentation. 

Clove  Cordial,  a  spirit  flavored  with  bruised 
cloves,  and  colored  with  burnt  sugar,  much 
used  by  the  lower  classes  in  England. 

Gin,  an  aromatic,  alcoholic  liquor  distilled  from 
various  grains,  and  flavored  with  juniper 
berries.  English  gins  are  made  from  raw 
grain  spirit  and  flavored  with  oil  of  turpen- 
tine, essential  oils,  alum,  potassium  carbon- 
ate, acetate  of  lead,  sulphate  of  zinc,  grains 
of  paradise  and  cayenne  pepper. 

Kara,  a  narcotic  and  stimulant  drink  of  Hawaii 
and  the  South  Sea  Islands,  prepared  from 
the  plant  kava,  by  chewing  the  root,  ejecting 
the  saliva  Into  a  bowl,  adding  water,  and 
allowing  it  to  ferment. 

Maraschino,  a  distilled  product  of  a  cherry 
grown  only  in  Dalmatia.  It  is  sweetened 
with  sugar. 

Porter,  a  liquor  brewed  from  highly  kilned 
brown  malt  and  hops,  sometimes  colored 
with  burnt  sugar. 


Pulque,  a  liquor  made  in  Mexico  by  ferment- 
ing the  juice  of  the  maguey  (American  aloe). 

Raki,  a  Turkish  liquor  flavored  with  mastic, 
the  gum  of  an  evergreen  tree. 

Ratafia,  a  Prussian  liquor  aromatized  with  the 
kernels  of  cherries,  peaches,  apricots  ai;d 
other  fruits,  spices  and  sugar  being  added. 

Sake,  a  liquor  of  Japan,  obtained  from  fer- 
menting rice,  sometimes  called  "rice  wine." 

Spirit,  (plain)  is  the  ordinary  product  of  sim- 
ple distillation — too  offensive  to  be  tolerated 
by  the  palate  unless  disguised ! 

Proof  Spirit  is  an  arbitrary  name  adopted  by 
governments  to  indicate  the  standard  from 
which  the  strength  of  all  distilled  products 
are  measured  for  revenue  purposes. 

Pure  Spirits  is  a  name  for  the  purest  and 
strongest  products  of  ordinary  distillation. 

Rectified  Spirit  is  a  high-grade  official  alcohol 
of  the  British  Pharmacopeia,  about  6  per 
cent,  weaker  than  the  United  States  01  per 
cent,  otflcial. 

Vodka,  the  whiskey  of  Russia,  made  of  rye  or 
potatoes. 

(Wood  Spirit,  a  methyl  alcohol,  distilled  from 
wood  and  entirely  distinct  from  all  other 
spirits.  It  is  employed  in  various  arts  and 
manufactures,  and  is  never  used  as  a  bev- 
erage.) 

Whiskey,  a  double-distilled  liquor  obtained 
from  a  mash  of  rye  or  other  grains  or 
potatoes. 

Wine,  a  term  used  in  modern  times  only  for 
the  fermented  juice  of  the  grape. 

MIXED    DRINKS. 

Cocktail,  an  iced  drink,  generally  made  of 
spirits  mixed  with  bitters,  sugar  and  aro- 
matic flavoring. 

Egg  Nog,  a  drink  made  of  milk,  eggs  and  spir- 
its, sweetened. 

Grog,  an  unsweetened  mixture  of  spirits  and 
water,  formerly  served  in  the  American  Navy 
as  a  ration. 

Toddy,  a  beverage  of  spirits,  hot  water  and 
sugar. 

Punch,  an  alcoholic  beverage  composed  of  wine 
or  spirits,  flavored  usually  with  lemon  or 
orange,  and  commonly  diluted  with  water, 
named  usually  from  the  chief  ingredient, 
"brandy  punch"  or  "milk  punch."  (Temper- 
ance people  make  an  iced  drink  of  fresh  fruit 
juices  and  sometimes  call  it  "punch,"  which 
is  a  misnomer.  Some  years  ago  a  prize  of 
twenty-flve  dollars  was  offered  for  the  best 
name  for  such  a  temperance  drink,  and  the 
word  "FRUICE"  won  it.  Let  temperance 
people  say  Fruice  instead  of  punch,  and 
"Fruice  bowl"  instead  of  punch  bowl.) 


TEMPERANCE  CHRONOLOGY  AND  CHRONOLOGICAL  INDEX. 

COURSES     OF     HISTORICAL    STUDIES    SUGGESTED. 

The  limitations  of  a  pocket  compend  allow  ns  to  put  into  this  chronological  out- 
line for  historical  lessons  only  enough  dates  and  headlines  to  serve  as  ripple  marks  in 
tracing  the  slow  but  steady  evolution  of  total  abstinence  and  prohibition.  We  hope 
they  may  be  sufficient  to  show  the  real  characteristics  of  the  successive  "waves" 
of  reform,  and  the  deep  human  interest  of  this  vein  of  historic  progress;  and  that  they 
will  lure  many  to  the  reading  of  histories  that  show  in  real  flesh  and  blood  the  chap- 
ters of  which  we  can  give  litle  more  than  the  bones.*  We  are  especially  sorry  that 
our  limitations  prevent  us  from  even  naming  more  than  a  few  of  the  brave  and  self- 
sacrificing  leaders   of  reform   forces   of  the  past  and  present. 

In   spite  of  painstakiiitr  effort  there   are,  no  rtoulit,   unconscious   sins  of  omission   and  corn- 
are    lioldinji  in   type  for  corrections  in  next  edition. 


mission    in    this    Chronology,     which    we 

Period  OF  Primitive  Wines. 

1.  Wines  in  this  period  largely  home- 
made by  each  householder  from  his  own 
vineyard.  2.  Unfermented  wine,  newly 
pressed  from  the  grapes  when  wanted,  very 
popular.  Do  all  Bible  commendations  of 
"wine"  refer  to  this  fresh  grape  juice?  See 
Bible  Commentary,  207.)  3.  Fermented  wmes 
shown  by  incidents  of  this  period  to  be 
grossly  intoxicating,  but  were  used  by  many 
good  men,  while  the  idea  of  abstinence 
was  slowly  evolving,  first,  for  priests,  as  a 
requirement;  then  for  Nazarites,  as  a  priv- 
ilege in  the  struggle  for  holiness ;  then 
for  all  in  days  of  Solomon;  but  absti- 
nence not  considered  an  essential  of  noble 
living,  even  in  Palestine ;  much  less  out- 
side, during  this  period.  The  general  aim, 
even  of  reformers,  was  to  avoid  gross 
drunkenness,  rather  than  to  avoid  all  use 
of  intoxicating  drinks.  This  period  ends 
with  the  discovery  of  distillation  in  the 
Eleventh  Century,  which  brought  to  the  hu- 
man race  the  more  harmful  distilled  spirits. 

2348  B.  C.  Noah  planted  a  vineyard, 
and  drank  of  the  wine,  and  was  drunken, 
p.  13. 

2285  B.  C.  Emperor  in  China  banished 
man  for  inventing  an  intoxicant  from  rice. 
(Some  of  the  subsequent  Emperors  were 
very  intemperate.) 

2080  B.  C.  Tombs  at  Beni  Hassan  in 
Egypt  of  this  date  have  representations  of 
drunken  men  and  women  being  carried 
home  from  feasts  by  slaves. 

2000  B.  C.  Amen-em-an  in  letter  to  a 
pupil  forbids   frequenting  of  taverns,  p.  30. 

1490  B.  C.  Israelites  drank  no  wine  or 
strong  drink  during  forty  years  of  wander- 
ing  in  the  Wilderness,  beginning  1492. 

♦Decidedly  the  best  recent  one-volume  liook  of  temperance  history  in  Ensjlish  is  "Temper- 
ance Progress,"  by  John  G.  Wooley  and  William  E.  .Johnson,  Winscott  Publishing  Company, 
London,    Toronto,    Philadelphia.    $2    (Ss.),    Bergman   best   German. 


760  B.  C.  Isaiah  flames  against  wine 
and  strong  drink,  pp.  79,  87. 

626  B.  C.  Plabakkuk  (2:15)  condemns 
treating  and  liquor  selling. 

607  B.  C.  First  Youth's  Temperance 
Band,   p.    97. 

600  B.  C.  About  Sixth  Century,  Manu, 
the  great  Hindu  lawgiver,  issued  edict 
against  drinking  intoxicants,  see  p.  30. 

500  B.  C.  Anacharis,  the  Scythian,  con- 
demns wine,  p.  30. 

500  B.  C.  Buddha  gave  as  one  of  his 
eight  commandments,  "Drink  no  liquors 
that  intoxicate  and  disturb  the  reason." 
(Fifth  Pentalogue.) 

459  B.  C.  China  adopted  prohibition, 
with  beheading  as  a  penalty  for  liquor  sell- 
ing, and  this  policy  has  been  generally  fol- 
lowed  in    China   since   then. 

400  B.  C.  Plato  held  in  the  second  book 
of  his  laws  that  men  should  not  drink  wine 
before  the  age  of  30,  and  only  sparingly  un- 
til 40,  then  freely  and  increasingly. 

330  B.  C.  Alexander  the  Great  drank 
himself  to   death   in  a  series   of   carousals. 

319  B.  C.  A  libation  promised  in  Rome 
to  Jupiter  of  a  "small  cup  of  wine."  Be- 
fore that  libations  to  the  gods  had  been  in 
milk. 

98  B.  C.  Stringent  laws  against  liquors 
made  in  China,  under  which  intoxicating 
liquors  were  made  and  sold  only  by  the 
Government. 

58  A.  D.  Paul  gives  the  great  law  again 
and  again  that  we  should  abstain  for  the 
sake  of  others,  p.  153. 


230 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


81  A.  D.  Emperor  Domitian,  to  check 
increasing  temperance  among  Britons,  or- 
dered destruction  of  half  the  vineyards. 

100  A.  D.  Plutarch  condemns  wine,  p. 
30. 

569  A.  D.  British  State  Church  imposed 
penance  for  three  days  on  priests  who  got 
drunk  when  about  to  go  on  duty  at  the 
altar. 

632  A.  D.  Mohammed  in  Koran  com- 
mands abstinence,  p.  30.  "Surely  wine  and 
lots  are  an  abomination,  a  snare  of  Satan, 
therefore  avoid  them." 

Period  of  Distilled  Spirits. 

The  Chinese  no  doubt  had  the  art  of  dis- 
tilling spirits  before  this  oeriod,  and  Chi- 
nese records  say  that  Iti,  the  discoverer,  was 
■disgraced  for  such  a  harmful  discovery, 
which  seems  to  have  been  hidden  from 
other  peoples  until  Albucasis,  a  chemist  of 
Arabia,  rediscovered  this  "black  art"'  in  the 
Eleventh  Century.  The  distilled  spirit 
wrought  such  havoc  that  it  was  called 
"Al  Gohol,''  the  devil,  the  name  which 
Shakespeare,  a  keen  observer  of  human 
life,  gave  to  it  again  in  later  years.  By 
this  discovery  there  was  added  to  the  list 
of  intoxicants  brandy,  rum,  whiskey,  gin, 
that  were  commonly  called  "spirits,"  "ar- 
dent spirits"  and  "spirituous  liquors." 

1,000  B.  C. ;  Discovery  of  Distillation  by 
Albucasis    (See    above). 

1050  (?)  A.  D.  Beer  condemned  by 
the  author  of  the  Eddas,  p.  30. 

1400  A.  D.  (late  in  the  century).  Henry 
VII.  of  England  began  the  license  sys- 
tem in  efforts  to  secure  at  once  restriction 
and  revenue.  Henry  VIII.  added  to  these 
laws,  and  attempted  to  prevent  adulteration. 

1279.  The  Mongul  Emperor  in  China 
issued  an  edict  condemning  all  liquor  deal- 
ers to  banishment  and  slavery,  confiscat- 
ing their  property  and  providing  that  the 
Government  should  take  care  of  their  chil- 
dren. 

1522.  Luther  denounces  drinking  habits, 
pp.   30,  255. 

1572.  First  Temperance  poem  in  Sweden. 

1619.  In  the  Constitution  of  Dort,  Hol- 
land (an  ecclesiastical  document),  the  sin 
of  excessive  drinking  was  denounced,  and 
habitual  drunkenness  condemned  as 
transgression  demanding  the  severest  pen- 
alty known  to   "ecclesiastical  government." 


1648.  First  Temperance  Meeting  in  Can- 
ada, at  Sillery.  The  speech  was  delivered 
by  a  converted  Indian  chief,  and  addressed 
to  his  braves.  He  proclaimed  an  edict 
against  drunkenness,  and  commended  his 
people  to  abstain  from  all  intoxicating 
liquors.  Liquors  had  been  given  to  the  In- 
dians by  French  soldiers,  in  trading. 

1683.  One  barrel  of  wine  and  two  bar- 
rels of  cider,  with  spice  and  ginger,  con- 
sumed at  the  funeral  of  a  minister  in  Bos- 
ton. 

1734.  Rhode  Island  sent  eighteen  ves- 
sels to  Africa  laden  with  rum  to  return  with 
a  cargo  of  slaves. 

1742.  General  Court  of  Massachusetts 
forbade  the  use  of  wine  and  rum  at  fun- 
erals. 

1760.  John  Wesley  wrote  on  the  sin  of 
distilling  and  selling  spirituous  liquors, 
p.  62. 

1784.  New  England  Yearly  Meeting  of 
the  Society  of  Friends  in  its  Book  of  Dis- 
cipline contained  strictures  against  "not  only 
using  liquors,  but  against  distilling,  import- 
ing, trading  in  or  serving  i'   to  others." 

Period  of  Awakening. 

From  1785,  when  Dr.  Benj.  Rush,  as  a 
medical  man,  sounded  a  warning  that 
proved  the  beginning  of  the  Temperance 
Reformation,  to  1807,  when  associations  of 
men  and  women  pledged  to  abstinence  (in 
some  cases  only  to  moderation)  were  In- 
augurated, is  a  period  of  alarm  bells. 

1785.  Beginning  of  the  modern  temper- 
ance movement,  in  a  series  of  papers  pub- 
lished by  Dr.  Benjamin  Rush  on  "The  Ef- 
fect of  Ardent  Spirits  Upon  the  Human 
Mind  and  Body."    See  p.  75. 

1789.  Litchfield  (Conn.)  Farmers'  Asso- 
ciation for  Temperance.  It  was  formed  to 
discourage  the  use  of  spirituous  liquors, 
and  members  pledged  themselves  not  to  use 
distilled  liquors  in  their  farming  opera- 
tions during  the  ensuing  year. 

1789.  Presbyterian  Assembly  expressed 
its  determination  "to  do  its  part  to  render 
men  sober,  honest  and  industrious  citizens." 

1792.  "Eight  barrels  of  rum"  among 
items  on  bill  for  alterations  and  repairs  of  a 
church  edifice  in  U.  S. 

1800.       Council      of      the      Universalist 


Tciupcnnicc  Clironvlugy  and  Chronological  Index. 


231 


Churches    resolved    to    meet    no    more    in 
taverns. 

1807.  United  Brethren  in  Christ  organ- 
ized in  a  dwelling  situated  over  the  store- 
room of  a  distillery  owned  by  the  Christian 
layman  whose  hospitality  the  members  of 
that  Conference  were  enjoying.  See  more 
advanced  action,  1833  and  isBl. 

Period    of    Development    of    Temperance 
Associations. 

Benefit  of  associated  effort  recognized 
(1)  for  helping  individuals  to  reform,  (2) 
for  promoting  the  cause  in  the  community. 
Basis  of  union,  a  pledge,  whose  evolution 
from  moderation  to  teetotalism  is  clearly 
seen  in  the  chronological  data.  The  pledge 
to  "moderation"  was  so  general  until  well 
into  the  Nineteenth  Century  that  it  still 
gives  the  name  to  the  "temperance''  move- 
ment, which  down  to  1836  seldom  meant 
more  than  self-restraint,  and  long  after  that 
meant  no  more  in  European  "temperance" 
societies.  When  it  came  to  be  recognized 
that  "abstinence"  was  the  only  efifective  pol- 
icy it  meant  for  a  long  time  only  absti- 
nence from  distilled  liquors,  commonly 
spoken  of  as  "spirits,"  "ardent  spirits"  and 
"spirituous  liquors,"  none  of  which  terms 
include  either  beer  or  wine,  which  were  sel- 
dom proscribed  in  pledges  down  to  1836, 
and  were  not  generally  included,  even  in 
the  United  States,  until  ten  years  later,  just 
in  time  to  have  them  also  included  in  the 
movement  for   Prohibition. 

1808.  Temperance  Society  organized  in 
Moreau,  N.  Y.,  by  Dr.  Billy  Clark.  Some 
of  the  provisions  of  its  Constitution  were  as 
follows :  "No  member  shall  drink  rum,  gin, 
whiskey,  wine  or  any  distilled  spirits,  or 
composition  of  the  same,  or  any  of  them 
except  by  advice  of  a  physician  or  in  case 
of  actual  disease,  excepting  also  wine  at 
public  dinners,  under  penalty  of  twenty-five 
cents,  providing  this  article  shall  not  in- 
fringe on  any  religious  ordinance.  Sec.  2. 
No  member  shall  be  intoxicated  under  pen- 
alty of  fifty  cents. 

1809.  Greenfield  (N.  Y.)  Temperance  So- 
ciety  organized. 

1811.  Dr.  Benj.  Rush  pleaded  cause  of 
temperance  before  Presbyterian  General 
Assembly  and  as  a  result  a  Committee  was 
appointed  which  in  the  following  year 
recommended  total  abstinence  from  dis- 
tilled liqijors,  usually  snoken  of  as  "ar- 
dent spirits"  or  "spirituous  liquors."  Beer 
and  light  wines  were  as  yet  regarded  as 
temperance  drinks. 


]813.  Bath  (Me.)  Temperance  Society 
organized.  Its  basis  was  thus  stated:  "We 
will  be  at  all  times  sparing  and  cautious 
in  the  use  of  spirituous  liquors  at  home;  i:.  j 
social  visits  decline  them  as  far  as  possi-  I 
ble;  avoid  them  totally  in  retailing  stores, 
and,  in  general,  set  our  faces  against  the 
intemperate  use  of  them." 

1813.  Massachusetts  Temperance  So- 
ciety organized.  It  directed  its  efforts  mainl>' 
against  the  use  of  distilled  spirits  and 
favored  light  wines  and  home-brewed 
liquors.  A  receipt  for  making  currant  wine 
was  printed  in  the  last  leaf  of  one  of  their 
annual  addresses. 

1818.  A  Society  was  organized  in  Darby, 
Del.  Co.,  Penn.,  "to  check  and  discourage 
the  use  of  ardent  spirits."  In  the  same 
year  a  society  was  formed  at  Hector,  N.  Y., 
whose  members  subscribed  to  the  following 
pledge:  "We  solemnly  pledge  ourselves 
to  each  other,  that  we  will  not  drink  any 
kind  of  distilled  liquors  ourselves,  nor 
countenance  their  teing  drunk  at  our 
houses  by  our  families  or  others  (except  ^ 
when  they  are  necessary  to  restore  health),; 
nor  give  them  to  those  employed  by  us  to 
labour  on  any  occasion." 

1826.  Six  effective  sermons  on  Temper- 
ance preached  by  Dr.  Lyman  Beecher  in 
Connecticut.  Five  editions  were  published 
in  twelve  months.  In  the  same  year  the 
American  Society  for  the  Promotion  of 
Temperance  was  organized.  A  few  friends 
met  in  Boston  to  consider  the  question, 
"What  shall  be  done  to  banish  intemper- 
ance from  the  United  States?"  It  was 
then  resolved  to  form  an  American  Temper- 
ance Society.  The  platform  was  "Total  ab- 
stinence from  ardent  spirits."  In  the  same 
year  a  Young  Men's  Temperance  Society 
was  organized  in  Providence,  R.  I.^  with 
250  members.  At  Andover  another  society 
was  organized,  and  the  movement  became 
genqral.  Total  abstinence  from  distilled 
liquors  was  the  basis  of  all  the  most  ad- 
vanced societies.  A  few  American  tem-  . 
perance  societies  required  only  modera- 
tion, but  this  basis  was  general  at  this  time 
in  Europe. 

1827.  The  Massachusetts  Medical  Society 
resolved  "to  discourage  the  use  of  ardent 
spirits"  and  "to  discontinue  the  employ- 
ment of  spirituous  preparations  whenever 
they  could  find  substitutes."  In  the  same 
year  the  Presbyterian  General  Assembly 
pledged  itself  to  co-operate  with  Christians 
of  every  denomination  and  every  other 
friend  of  the  country  and  of  humanity  in 


232 

one  great  national  effort  to  accomplish  a 
universal  change  in  the  habits  and  customs 
of  our  country  relative  to  the  intemperate 
use  of  intoxicating  liquors. — In  Hawaii's 
first  criminal  code,  enacted  by  chiefs,  laws 
were  made  against  murder,  theft,  retail- 
ing ardent  spirits,  Sabbath-breaking  and 
gambling. — A  temperance  society  in  Vir- 
ginia passed  resolutions  during  this  year 
against  "the  intemperate  use  of  spirituous 
liquors,  the  election  of  drunkards  as  legis- 
lators, the  employment  of  intemperate  phy- 
sicians, and  the  use  of  spirituous  liquors  on 
funeral  occasions."  New  Hampshire  Medi- 
cal Society  agreed  that  "use  of  distilled 
spirit  is  never  necessary  and  generally 
hurtful  to  persons  in  -health,  and  that  it  af- 
fords no  protection  against  contagious  dis- 
ease, but  quite  the  contrary."  The  society 
also  declared:  "We  consider  distilled  spirit 
is  not  essential  to  the  treatment  of  a  sin- 
gle disease,  and  it  might  safely  be  removed 
from  the  shelves  of  the  physician  and  apoth- 
ecary." 

1828.  Sermon  preached  in  St.  Andrew 
Church,  Montreal,  opened  'temperance  agi- 
tation in  Canada.  Provincial  Society  oi 
Quebec  organized  to  promote  "moderation" 
in  drinking. — ^Woman's  Temperance  Union 
organized  in  Ohio.  (Not  the  W.  C  T.  U.  of 
to-day.)  Its  pledge,  after  reciting  evils 
of  liquor  trafific,  contained  the  following: 
"We  will  discountenance  all  addresses  by 
any  of  the  male  sex  with  a  view  of  matri- 
monv  if  they  shall  be  known  to  drink  ardent 
spirits  either  periodically  or  on  any  pub- 
lic occasion.  As  mothers,  daughters  and 
sisters  we  will  use  our  influence  to  pre- 
vent the  connection  of  any  of  our  friends 
with  a  man  who  habitually  drinks  any  kind 
of  ardent  spirits."  In  the  same  year  Free 
Baptist  General  Conference  advised  mem- 
bers "to  abstain  from  use  of  ardent  spirits 
on  all  occasions  except  when  necessary  as 
medicine." 

1829.  General  Assembly  of  the  Presby- 
terian Church  appointed  a  day  of  fasting 
and  prayer  on  account  of  evil  of  intemper- 
ance.— First  temperance  paper  appeared, 
edited  by  William  Lloyd  Garrison.— Records 
show  that  there  were  in  Sweden  at  this 
time  173,214  licensed  distilleries.  Farmers 
took  turns  in  giving  "still  parties,"  when 
whole  neighborhoods  would  assemble  for  a 
week  of  drunkenness. — Massac'husetts  Medi- 
cal Society  adopted  the  following:  "Re- 
solved, that  this  society  agrees  to  discour- 
age the  use  of  ardent  spirits  as  much  as 
lies  in  their  power;  and  for  that  purpose  to 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


discontinue  the  spirituous  preparations  of 
medicine  whenever  they  can  find  substi- 
tutes." 

1830.  The  General  Synod  of  the  Re- 
formed (Dutch)  Church  in  America  recom- 
mended that  temperance  societies  on  the 
basis  of  total  abstinence  (from  distilled 
liquors)  should  be  formed  in  all  its  con- 
gregations." Methodist  Protestant  Church 
(organized  same  year),  declared  in  its 
first  General  Conference :  "The  efforts  of 
the  friends  of  temperance  to  promote  en- 
tire abstinence  from  the  use  of  ardent 
spirits  except  as  a  medicine  meet  our  cor- 
dial approbation."  Hibernian  Temperance 
Society  organized  in  Ireland. 

First  Temperance  Society  organized  in 
England,  at  Bradford,  Yorkshire. 

This  year  witnessed  the  entrance  into  the 
activities  of  the  temperance  reform  of  the 
Quaker  poet,  John  G.  Whittier.  He  and 
other  workers  of  the  time  discovered  that 
many  who  pledged  to  abstain  from  liquors, 
lapsed  and  fell.  They  founds  moreover, 
that  the  milder  drinks,  such  as  cider,  wine 
and  heeVj  then  considered  "temperance 
drinks,"  were  playing  an  important  part  in 
the  fall  of  those  who  had  been  reformed. 

1831.  Hawaiian  temperance  society 
formed  at  Honolulu,  with  one  thousand 
members,  pledged  its  members  not  to  drink 
ardent  spir-ts  for  pleasure,  not  to  deal  in 
ardent  spirits,  not  to  engage  in  distilling, 
not  to  treat,  not  to  give  ardent  spirits 
to  workmen. — Strong  movement  begun  in 
the  Universalist  Church  in  the  United 
States  for  the  signing  of  the  total  absti- 
nence pledge. — London  Temperance  League 
organized  for  promotion  of  total  abstinence. 

1832.  The  Physicians  of  Boston,  sev- 
enty-five in  number,  signed  a  paper  declar- 
ing it  to  be  their  opinion  that  men  in 
health  are  never  benefited  bv  the  use  of  ar- 
dent spirits,  that  on  the  contrary  the  use 
of  them  !s  a  frequent  cause  of  disease  and 
death,  and  often  renders  such  diseases  as 
arise  irom  ether  causas  more  difficult  to 
cure  and  more  fatal  in  their  termination." — 
The  General  Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church  adopted  a  report  which  contained 
the  following  language:  "A  great  work  is 
still  to  be  effected  by  the  Church.  The 
Sons  of  Levi  must  be  purified.  The  ac- 
cursed thing  must  be  removed  from  the 
camp  of  the  Lord.  While  professing  Chris- 
tians continue  to  exhibit  the  baleful  ex- 
ample of  tasting  the  drunkard's  poison,  or, 
by    sacrilegious    traffic    make    it    their    em- 


I   Temperance  Chronology  and  Chronological  Index.  \ 


ployment  to  degrade  and  destroy  their 
fellow  men,  those  who  love  the  Lord  must 
not  keep  silence,  but  must  lift  their  warning 
voice,  and  use  all  lawful  efforts  to  remove 
the  withering  reproach  from  the  house  of 
God." — First  Temperance  work  in  Austra- 
lia organized  in  five  cities  of  Tasmania, 
aiming  only  at  moderation.  First  total  ab- 
stinence society  in  Australia  was  organ- 
ized at  Sydney  with  ithe  motto:  "Tem- 
perance is  moderation  in  things  innocent, 
and  abstinence  from  things  hurtful."  Con- 
gressional Temperance  Society  organized 
in  the  Senate  Chamber,  Washington,  D.  C. 
"Basis  of  Union"  was :  "We,  members  of 
Congress  and  others,  recognizing  the  prin- 
ciple of  abstinence  from  the  use  of  ardent 
spirit,  and  from  the  'traffic  in  it,  do  hereby 
agree  to  form  ourselves  into  a  society." — 
Conference  of  Seventh  Day  Baptists  recom- 
mended all  members  to  abstain  entirely 
from  the  use  of  ardent  spirits — The  Church 
of  United  Brethren  in  Christ  adopted  a 
rule  making  it  an  offense  punishable  with 
expulsion  for  an  exhorter,  preacher  or 
elder  to  manufacture  or  sell  ardent  spirits. 
— Rev.  Dr.  Francis  Wayland,  President  of 
Brown  University ,  wrote  the  following 
words,  considered  the  first  declaration  for 
prohibition : 


"I  THINK  THE  PROHIBITION  OF  THE 
LIQUOR  TRAFFIC  A  FIT  SUBJECT  FOR  LEGIS- 
LATIVE ENACTMENT  AND  I  BELIEVE  THE 
MOST  HAPPY  RESULTS  WOULD  FOLLOW 
SUCH   PROHIBITION." 


Attorney  General  William  Wirt,  in  this 
year,  during  a  cholera  epidemic,  published 
the  opinion  that  "the  traffic  in  alcoholic 

LIQUORS     IS    A     PUBLIC     NUISANCE."       On     the 

basis  of  this  opinion  the  Washington  Board 
of  Health  passed  the  following  resolutions : 
"Resolved :  That  the  vending  of  ardent 
spirits,  in  whatever  quantity,  is  considered 
a  nuisance,  and  as  such  is  hereby  directed 
to  be  discontinued  for  a  period  of  ninety 
days  from  this  date."  About  this  time  At- 
torney General  Wirt  wrote  a  famous  letter 
to  Dr.  Marsh,  in  which  he  said :  "The  sad 
spectacle  of  destitute  and  starving  families, 
and  of  ignorant,  half-naked,  vicious  chil- 
dren, ought  never  to  be  presented  in  a  coun- 
try like  this,  where  the  demand  for  labor  is 
constant,  the  field  unlimited,  the  sources  of 
supply  inexhaustible,  and  where  there  are 
none  to  make  us  afraid ;  and  it  would  never 
be  presented,  or  very  rarely  indeed,  were 
it  not  for  the  desolation  brought  upon  fam- 
ilies by  the  general  use  of  this  deadly  poi- 


son.  It  paralyzes  the  arm,  the  brain,  the 
heart.  All  the  best  affections,  all  the  ener- 
gies of  the  mind,  wither  under  its  influence. 
The  man  becomes  a  maniac,  and  is  locked 
up  in  a  hospital,  or  imbrues  his  hands  in 
the  blood  of  his  wife  and  children,  and  is 
sent  to  the  gallows  or  doomed  to  the  peni- 
tentiary ;  or,  if  he  escapes  these  conse- 
quences, he  becomes  a  walking  pestilence 
on  the  earth,  miserable  in  himself  and  loath- 
some to  all  who  behold  him.  If  some  fatal 
plague  of  a  contagious  character  were 
imported  into  our  country,  and  had  com- 
menced its  ravages  in  our  cities,  we  should 
see  the  most  prompt  and  vigorous  measures 
at  once  adopted  to  repress  and  extinguish 
it ;  but  what  are  the  most  fearful  plagues 
that  ever  carried  death  and  havoc  in  their 
train  through  the  eastern  countries  com- 
pared with  this?  They  are  occasional;  this 
is  perennial.  They  are  confined  to  climate 
and  places ;  this  consumes  both  body  and 
soul  by  a  lingering  and  fearful  death,  involv- 
ing the  dearest  connections  in  the  vortex  of 
ruin." — Temperance  refreshment  and  coffee- 
room  for  foreign  sailors  opened  in  China 
by  Dr.  Robert  Morrison — In  this  year 
there  was  held  in  the  city  of  Philadel- 
phia a  National  Temperance  Convention 
composed  of  distinguished  statesmen,  jur- 
ists, physicians,  clergymen  and  others,  who 
adopted  the  following  resolutions :  "That 
in  our  judgment  it  is  the  duty  of  all  men 
to  abstain  from  the  use  of  ardent  spirits, 
and  from  the  traffic  in  it."  "That  in  the 
opinion  of  this  convention,  the  traffic  in 
ardent  spirits  as  a  drink,  and  the  use  of 
it  as  such,  are  wrong  and  ought  to  be 
abandoned  throughout  the  world."  "That 
the  vital  interest  and  complete  success  of 
the  temperance  cause  demand  that  in  all 
the  efforts  of  the  friends  of  the  cause 
against  the  use  of  ardent  spirits,  no  sub- 
stitution except  pure  water  be  recom- 
mended AS  A  DRINK."  The  report  to  this 
body  showed  that  there  were  in  existence 
six  thousand  societies,  and  state  organiza- 
tions existed  in  .most  of  the  States.  Five 
thousand  drunkards  had  been  reclaimed; 
five  thousand  merchants  had  given  up  the 
traffic ;  ardent  spirits  had  been  cast  out  of 
the  Army;  two  thousand  distilleries  had 
been  closed;  and  seven  hundred  sailing 
vessels  had  begun  making  their  voyages 
without  their  usual  supply  of  liquor. — Not 
all  the  clergy  were  on  the  side  of  ab- 
stinence. Bishop  'Hopkins,  of  Vermont, 
published  a  book  with  the  significant  title, 
"The  Triumph  of  Temperance,  the  Tri- 
umph of  Infidelity."  He  argued  that  all 
wines    mentioned    in    the    Bible    were    in- 


234 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


Dxicating,  and  that  temperance  leaders 
were  doing  the  work  of  infidels  in  agi- 
tating abstinence."' 

1834.  China,  whose  Emperors  had  gen- 
erally prohibited  intoxicating  drinks  and 
drugs  from  as  far  back  as  the  4th  Century 
A.  D.,  renewed  its  prohibition  of  opium, 
which  was  at  this  time  brought  in  by 
smugglers,  mostly  British  and  Portuguese. 
(The  vigorous  enforcement  of  this  edict 
in  1840  by  Commissioner  Li,  was  the  chief 
occasion  of  the  first  opium  war,  begun  in 
that  year.  It  required  three  British  opium 
wars  to  compel  toleration  of  the  opium  traf- 
fic. See  p.  8S,  also  "Intoxicating  Drinks 
and  Drugs  i'n  All  Lands  and  Times."; 
African  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  in 
the  United  States  resolved :  "We  will  make 
use  of  all  disciplinary  measures,  and  by 
precept  and  example  promote  and  extend 
the    temperance   cause."' 

1835.  The  following  utterance  appeared, 
which  was  signed,  as  the  years  passed,  by 
several  Presidents  of  the  United  States: 
"Bei'Ug  satisfied  from  observation  and  ex- 
perience, as  well  as  from  medical  testimony, 
that  ardent  spirits,  as  a  drink  is  not  only 
needless  but  hurtful,  and  that  entire  dis- 
use of  it  would  tend  to  promote  the  health, 
the  virtue  and  the  happiness  of  the  com- 
munity, we  hereby  express  our  convictions 
that  should  the  citizens  of  the  United 
States,  and  especially  all  young  men.  dis- 
continue the  use  of  it,  they  would  'not  only 
promote  their  own  personal  benefit,  but  the 
good  of  the  country  and  the  world."' 

James  Madison, 
John  Quincy   Adams^ 
Andrew  Jackson, 
Martin  Van  Buren, 
John   Tyler, 
James  K.  Polk, 
Zachary  Taylor, 
Millard  Fillmore. 
British  Association  for  the  Promotion  of 
Temperance   organized.     All   European   So- 
cieties of  this  period  were  on  the  basis  of 
"moderation." 

British  Teetotal  Temperance  Society 
formed. 

First  total  abstinence  society  organized 
in  Canada,   at   St.    Catherines. 

Law  passed  in  Sweden  forbidding  domes- 
tic distillation.  —  Independent  Order  of 
Rechabites  organized  at  Salford,  England. — 
First  Welsh  Temperance  Society  organized. 

An  Association  of  Baptist  churches  in 
the  United  States  recommended  that  Baptist 
churches    should    organize    themselves    into 


temperance    societies    on    the   basis    of    total 
abstinence,   except   for  medicine. 

1836.  Churches  and  temperance  soci- 
eties IN  the  united  states,  after  a  half 
century  of  faithful  experimenting  with 
moderation,  and  abstinence  from  dis- 
tilled liquors  only,  reached  a  practically 
unanimous  conclusion  at  a  ::ational 
convention  this  year,  that  total  absti- 
nence from  all  alcoholic  beverages,  in- 
cluding malt  and  fermented  liquors, 
wine  and  beer,  is  the  only  safe  and  ef- 
fective basis  for  temperance  reform. 
— Cider  was  also  added  to  some  of  the  tem- 
perance pledges  during  this  year  as  one  of 
the  forbidden  drinks. — The  Reformed  Pres- 
byterian Church  Synod  recommended  its 
members  "to  abstain  wholly  from  the  liquor 
traflfic." — New  Zealand  Temperance  Society 
organized. 

Native  chief  i,n  New  Zealand,  named 
Yohn,  declared  for  total  abstinence  and 
the  exclusion  from  his  country  not  only 
of  spirits  and  wme,  but  also  of  porter  and 
all  other  intoxicants. 

1837.  Great  popular  uprising  in  Germany 
against  intemperance  began  in  this  year,  and 
grew  for  eight  years.  The  aim  was  to  se- 
cure "moderation"  through  organized  so- 
cieties. 

1838.  Massachusetts  prohibited  sale  at 
one  time,  to  one  person  of  less  than  fifteen 
gallons.  This  is  entitled  to  be  called  the 
pioneer  of  prohibition  laws. — New  South 
Wales  Total  Abstinence  Society  organized. 
— Vaudois  Temperance  Society  in  Switzer- 
land.— Swedish  Temperance  Society  organ- 
ized.— Temperance  Society  organized  in 
Switzerland,  aiming  at  moderation  only. 

The  most  notable  event  of  this  year,  and 
one  of  the  greatest  in  the  history  of  the 
temperance  movement  was  the  enlistment 
of  Father  Mathew,  a  young  Capuchin  friar 
of  Ireland,  then  zealously  at  work  in  his 
native  land,  in  Cork.  His  conversion  was 
due  to  a  Quaker.  William  Martin,  the  tem- 
perance leader  of  that  city.  Lon"-  had  this 
sturdy  Quaker  and  his  gallant  band  preached 
the  -new  evangel  of  abstinence  from  alco- 
hol; but  they  felt  that  though  the  Catho- 
lic masses  around  them  respected  them  and 
regarded  them  kindly,  no  one  but  a  Catho- 
lic of  influence  and  popularity  could  really 
give  the  movement  headway  among  the  peo- 
ple. One  day  while  honest  "Bill  Martin"' 
and  Father  Mathew  were  making  their 
morning  visitation  of  a  hospital,  the  con- 
stantly-suggested theme  of  the  miseries 
which  drink  broueht  upon  the  people  came 
uppermost.  Mr.  Martin,  in  a  burst  of  pas- 
sionate grief,   suddenly  stopped  and  turned 


Temperance  Chronoloin^y  and  Chronoloi^ical  Index. 


2y: 


to  his  companion,  exclaiming:  "O  'I'hco- 
bald  Matliew  I  Theobald  Mathcw !  what 
tliou  couldst  do  if  Uiou  wouldst  only  take 
up  this  work  of  banishing  the  liend  that 
desolates  the  homes  of  'thy  people  so!" 
The  young  Capuchin  seemed  as  if  struck 
by  some  mysterious  power.  He  remained 
silent,  walked  quietly  on  till  he  parted 
from  his  Quaker  companion  and  then  went 
home,  pondering  words  which  all  that  day 
and  all  through  the  night  seemed  still  to 
ring  in  his  ears ;  "0  Theobald  Mathew ! ' 
what  thou  couldst  do  if  thou  wouldst  but 
take  up  this  work."  If  there  was  one 
man   in    Cork    City    who   pre-eminently   had 


FATHER    MATHEW. 

tried  every  other  way  of  rescuing  and  up- 
lifting the  people,  it  was  he.  What  had 
he  not  done,  what  had  ihe  not  tried,  and 
yet  did  not  this  drink  curse  start  up  at: 
every  turn  to  baffle  and  defeat  his  every 
endeavor?  But  was  not  William  Martin's 
scheme  a  m.ad  and  impracticable  idea? 
Was  it  not  already  consigned  to  failure 
by  the  good-humored  laughter  of  the  city? 
Could  he,  indeed,  do  what  his  friend  be- 
lieved? For  some  days  Father  Mathew 
considered  the  whole  subject  seriously.  One 
morning,  as  he  arose  from  his  knees  in  his 
little  oratory,  he  exclaimed  aloud :  ''Here 
goes  in  the  name  of  God !"  An  hour  after- 
ward he.  was  in  the  ofifice  of  William  Mar- 
tin. "Friend  Martin,"  said  he,  "I  have 
come  to  tell  you  a  piece  of  news.  I  mean 
to  join  your  temperance  society  to-night." 
The  Quaker  flung  his  arms  aroung  the 
neck  of   the   young   friar,   kissed   him   like 


a  child,  and  cried  out:  "Thank  God! 
thank  God!"  That  night  at  the  temper- 
ance meeting  Father  Mathew  went  forward 
when  signatures  to  the  total  abstinence 
pledge  were  called  for,  saying,  "Here  goes 
in  the  name  of  God."  Thus  entered  Fa- 
ther Mathew  on  that  work  with  which  his 
name  is  so  memorably  associated.  Thus 
began  that  wonderful  moral  revolution 
which  was  soon  to  startle  the  kingdom. 
The  news  that  the  popular  young  Capuchin 
had  taken  up  with  "the  teetotal  men"  soon 
spread  in  Cork.  All  at  once  it  set  people 
thinking,  for  Father  Mathew  had  always 
been  especially  practical,  not  visionary,  in 
his  schemes  and  efforts  for  social  improve- 
ments and  moral  reform.  Crowds  came  to 
hear  what  he  might  have  to  say  on  the 
subject.  The  direction  of  the  work  passed 
gradually  into  his  own  hands.  The  lowest 
estimate  is  that  one  hundred  and  fifty  thou- 
sand in  Ireland  signed  the  pledge  under  his 
eloquent  appeals,  and  thousands  more  of 
Irish-Americans  did  so  when  later  he  toured 
the  United  States.  He  brought  into  the 
movement  many  public  officials  who  were 
not  unwilling  to  identify  themselves  with 
a  movement  that  involved  at  that  time  a 
favor  to  the  "Irish  vote."  It  is  instructive 
to  consider  that  a  majority  of  those  thus 
pledged — the  drinking  places  being  left  all 
about  their  path — relapsed  into  their  old 
habits !  It  was  such  sequels  to  this  and 
the  similar  Washingtonian  ^movement  that 
compelled  thoughtful  men  to  see  that  the 
total  abstinence  movement  needs  prohibition 
to  guard  its  flanks  against  the  deadly  fire  of 
a   relentless  foe. 

1839.  Washingtonian  movement  started 
in  Baltimore  in  a  Baptist  Church. — Seventy- 
nine  prominent  physicians  of  London  signed 
a  declaration  that  the  belief  that  wine,  beer 
or  spirit  is  beneficial  for  health,  and  even 
necessary  to  those  subjected  to  habitual  la- 
bor is  "altogether  erroneous,"  "an  opinion 
handed  down  from  rude  and  ignorant 
times." 

1840.  Physicians  began  to  study  inebri- 
ety as  a  disease. — United  Kingdom  Total 
Abstinence  Life  Association,  an  insurance 
company  for  totarabstainers  only,  organized 
in  England.  (Name  afterwards  changed  to 
"United  Kingdom  Temperance  and  General 
Provident  Institution.")  (In  British  com- 
panies, where  total  abstainers  and  moderate 
drinkers  are  classified  separately  and  re- 
bates are  divided  to  each  class  in  propor- 
tion as  it  falls  short  of  the  expected  mor- 
tality, it  has  been  found  bv  a  seventy  years* 
test  on  a  large  scale,  that  moderate  drink- 


236 


World  Book  of  Temperance.    \ 


ers  die  about  as  expected,  but  total  ab- 
stainers persist  in  outliving  their  appointed 
time,  and  get  twenty  to  thirty  per  cent, 
rebates.  In  one  company  out  of  1.3,000 
deaths  in  30  years,  total  abstainers  gained 
26.9  per  cent,  on  moderate  drinkers.) 

1841.  First  Anniversary  of  the  Wash- 
ingtonian  movement ;  six  thousand  men 
marched  in  street  procession  in  Baltimore. 
— Martha  Washington  Society  organized. 
Pledge :  "Whereas,  the  use  of  all  intoxi- 
cating drinks  has  caused,  and  is  causing, 
incalculable  evils  to  individuals  and  fami- 
lies, and  has  a  tendency  to  prostrate  all 
means  adapted  to  the  moral,  social  and 
eternal  happiness  of  the  whole  human  fam- 
ily; we,  the  undersigned  ladies  of  the  city 
of  New  York,  feeling  ourselves  especially 
called  upon  not  only  to  refrain  from  the 
use  of  all  intoxicating  drinks,  but  by  our 
influence  and  example,  to  induce  others  to 
do  the  same,  do  therefore  form  ourselves 
into  an  association." 

1842.  The  supreme  event  of  this  year 
was  the  coming  to  leadership  in  the  total 
abstinence  .movement  of  a  great  prophet, 
John  B.  Gough,  the  story  of  whose  con- 
version is  one  of  the  classics  of  temper- 
ance history  that  can  not  properly  be 
omitted  even  in  the  most  concise  chron- 
ology. He  was  English  by  birth,  born  in 
Kent,  England,  in  1817 ;  had  come  to  Amer- 
ica at  twelve  years  of  age.  He  became  a 
bookbinder  and  earned  a  scanty  living. 
In  early  'manhood  he  was  a  hard  drinker, 
often  intoxicated  in  merry  companies  where 
his  talents  at  singing  and  story  telling 
with  mimicry  made  him  welcome.  He  got 
occasional  employment  as  an  actor,  and  won 
much  applause.  In  1839  he  went  to  New- 
buryport,  and  there  married  soon  after,  but 
neglected  his  wife  for  the  tavern,  and  let 
his  business  go  to  ruin.  He  and  his  wife 
were  reduced  to  hunger,  rags,  and  con- 
tempt. "I  drank,"  he  says,  "the  whole 
day,  to  the  complete  ruin  of  my  prospects 
in  life.  So  entirely  did  I  give  myself  up 
to  the  bottle  that  those  of  my  companions 
who  fancied  that  they  still  possessed  some 
claim  to  respectability  gradually  withdrew 
from  my  company."  A  year  or  two  later 
he  joined  a  traveling  show  as  a  comic 
singer,  and  drifted  into  Worcester,  Massa- 
chusetts, where  his  wife  and  child  died. 
He  tried  to  stifle  his  grief  in  rum,  and 
"soon,"  he  says,  "it  was  whispered  from 
one  to  another  until  the  whole  town  be- 
came aware  of  it,  that  my  wife  and  child 
were  lying  dead  and  that  I  was  drunk !" 
As  he  was  staggering  along  the  street,  half 
intoxicated,  one  Sunday  evening  in  the  au- 


tumn of  1842,  some  one  tapped  him  on  the 
shoulder.  He  could  scarcely  believe  his 
senses  when  he  saw  on  the  stranger's  face 
a  kind  look  for  the  shabby,  trembling  drunk- 
ard that  he  was.  The  stranger  was  Joel 
Stratton,  a  Quaker.  He  persuaded  Gough 
to  go  to  a  temperance  meeting  and  sign 
the  total  abstinence  pledge.  From  this  time 
Gough  was  a  new  man.  He  kept  the 
pledge,  though  it  cost  him  a  terrible  men- 
tal and  physical  struggle.  After  attending 
several  temperance  meetings  at  the  place 
where  he  had  reformed,  he  was  invited  to 
tell  his  experience.  In  his  speech  he  ex- 
hibited such  extraordinary  power  that  he 
sprang  with  one  bound  into  fame.  He  was 
invited  to  speak  in  neighboring  towns  and 
school-houses.      Then    invitations    began    to 


JOHN    B.    GOUGH. 

pour  in  from  all  parts  of  Massachusetts 
and  from  other  New  England  states.  In 
the  first  year  he  spoke  three  hundred  and 
eighty-six  times.  Then  the  temperance 
leaders  invited  him  to  speak  in  the  Broad- 
way Tabernacle  of  New  York.  With  that 
speech  his  fame  became  national.  For  many 
years  Gough  was  a  imighty  force  in  the  per- 
sonal, as  distinguished  from  the  political, 
side  of  the  temperance  reform?  When  he 
had  reached  his  thirty-fourth  year  he  had 
traveled  over  seventy-four  thousand  miles 
in  the  temperance  cause,  and  under  his 
fervid  appeals  more  than  a  hundred  and 
seventy  thousand  persons  had  signed  the 
total  abstinence  pledge.  In  1853  he  visited 
England,  where  he  lectured  for  two  years. 
He  returned  thither  in  1857  for  three  years' 
work.  From  that  time  until  his  death  in 
188G  he  continued  his  work  for  temperance, 


Temperance  Ch'onology  and  Chronological  Index. 


237 


though  less  actively  than  during  the  first 
seventeen  years  of  his  ministry.  At  his 
own  request  the  following  sentence  was  cut 
on   his   monument: 


I  can  desire  nothing  better  for  this 
great  country  than  that  a  barrier  high 
as  heaven  should  be  raised  between  the 
unpolluted  lips  of  the  children  and  the 
intoxicating  cup,  that  everywhere  men 
and  women  should  raise  strong  and  de- 
termined hands  against  whatever  will 
defile  the  body,  pollute  the  .mind,  or 
harden  the  heart  against  God  and  His 
truth. 


Sons  of  Temperance  organized  Sept.  29 
in  Baltimore.  Pledge  is  representative  of 
secret  temperance  orders  of  this  period  and 
is  as  follows :  "I  will  neither  make,  buy, 
sell  or  use  as  a  beverage  any  spirituous  or 
malt  liquors,  wine  or  cider." — Society  to 
promote  abstinence  from  "strong  drink" 
organized  in  Holland. — First  Total  Absti- 
nence Society  in  Melbourne,  Australia,  or- 
ganized. 

1844.  Father  Mathew  Society  organized 
among  the  Roman  Catholics  of  Melbourne, 
Australia.  —  Hawaiian  Total  Abstinence 
Union  organized. 

1845.  General  Conference  of  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  South,  incorporated  to- 
tal abstinence  in  Discipline,  which  contains 
laws  of  the  Church. — "Church  of  God," 
urged  members  to  sign  pledge  of  total  ab- 
stinence.— Temnlars  of  Honor  and  Tem- 
perance organized. — Juvenile  Sons  of  Tem- 
perance instituted ;  the  first  organized 
temperance  work  for  children  in  the  United 
States. 

Period  of  the  origin  and  spread  of  state 

PROHIBITION,    18.38-1867. 

This  period  of  the  rapid  rise  and  speedy 
decline  of  state  prohibition,  a  "wave"  that 
soon  receded,  should  be  carefully  studied 
now  that  a  second,  similar  "prohibition 
wave"  is  flowing  through  the  only  section 
of  the  country  that  was  unmoved  in  the 
former  case.  The  reaction  in  the  first 
case  was  primarily  due  to  the  failure  to 
elect  officers  in  sympathy  with  the  laws  to 
enforce  them,  but  this  might  have  been 
remedied  had  not  the  battle  about  slavery 
before  and  during  the  Civil  War  diverted 
supreme  interest  to  that  issue  from  1854  to 
1867.     See  1862  also  on  "Beer  invasion." 

1846.  Maine  enacted  first  state-wide  pro- 
Tiibition  law.  Gen.  James  Appleton  had 
begun  definite  efforts  for  such  a  law  in 
1837,  but  from  1839  forward  the  movement 
was  led  by  a  fighting  Quaker,  Neal  Dow. 


In  1842  he  had  secured  a  prohibition  or- 
dinance for  Portland,  the  chief  city  of 
Maine,  where  he  lived,  but  the  officers  would 
not  enforce  it,  and  the  same  fate  followed 
the  state  law  of  1846  for  which  the  Legis- 
lature itself  neglected  to  provide  any  en- 
forcement machinery.  An  improved  law  in 
1847  was  vetoed  by  the  Governor.  In  1850 
the  law  failed  of  passage  by  a  tie  vote  in 
the  Senate.  It  was  to  win  and  become  a 
standard  for  the  world  a  year  later — see 
1851,     The  story  of  how   Neal  Dow  came 


NEAL    DOW. 

to  be  a  prohibitionist  is  another  of  the 
classics  of  temperance  history  that  should 
be  inserted  here  in  his  own  words. 

"I  was  sitting  in  my  home  one  evening 
quite  late.  In  answering  a  knock,  I  found 
a  lady  wham  I  knew  very  well  as  the  wife 
of  a  government  official  in  this  city.  He 
was  a  periodical  drunkard,  and  on  this  very 
night  was  down  town  on  a  spree.  His  wife 
wished  me  to  get  him  .home  quietly,  because 
if  he  was  drunk  next  day,  he  might  lose 
his  position.  I  started  out,  and  found  him 
in  the  back  room  of  one  of  the  down-town 
saloons.  That  was  in  the  days  of  license 
in  Maine.  I  said  to  the  keeper  in  a  quiet 
way,  'I  wish  you  would  sell  no  more  lijuor 
to  Mr.  Blank.'  'Why,  Mr.  Dow,'  he  said, 
'this  is  my  business ;  I  must  supply  mv 
customers.'  'That  all  may  be,"  I  replied, 
'but  here  is  the  gentleman  with  a  large 
family  depending  upon  him  for  support.  If 
he  goes  to  his  office  to-morrow  drunk,  he 
will  lose  his  place.  I  wish  you  would  sell 
him  no  more  liquor.'  He  became  some- 
what angry ;  told  me  that  he,  too,  had  a 
family  to  support;  that  he  had  a  license 
to  sell  liquor  to  whomever  he  pleased;  and 


238 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


that  he  didn't  care  to  have  me  meddling 
in  his  business.  "So  then  you  have  a  li- 
cense,' said  I,  'and  you  support  your  family 
by  destroying  that  man's.  We'll  see  about 
this.'  I  wen.t  home  thoroughly  determined 
to  devote  my  life  thenceforth  to  suppress- 
ing the  liquor  traffic  in  the  best  way  pos- 
sible. The  Maine  law  was  born  in  that 
rum   shop!"      (See  on  1851.) 

Cadets  of  Temperance  organized.  Pledge 
included  total  abstinence  from  tobacco  and 
profanity  and  from  all  intoxicants,  and  sup- 
port of  prohibition.  At  this  time  there 
were  not  less  than  5,000.000  teetotalers  in 
the  United  States,  associated  in  ten  thou- 
sand total  abstinence  societies. — London 
Temperance  League  and  National  Temper- 
ance Society  consolidated  as  National  Tem- 
perance League. 

1847.     U.     S.     Supreme     Court    upheld 

RIGHT  OF   STATES  TO   PROHIBIT  LIQUOR  SELLING. 

The  matter  had  first  come  to  the  court 
in  1845  on  liquor  dealers'  objections  (1)  to 
law  of  1838  in  Massachusetts,  forbidding 
sales  of  less  than  fifteen  gallons,  (2)  (3) 
to  local  ootion  in  new  laws  of  New  Hamp- 
shire and  Rhode  Island.  The  case  was  a 
battle  of  giants,  the  liquor  dealers  having 
retained  the  two  foremost  lawyers  of  that 
period,  Daniel  Webster  and  Rufus  Choate. 
Webster  had  argued  that  "the  right  to  im- 
port implied  the  right  to  sell,"  and  Choate 
argued  that  these  laws  infringed  existing 
national  treaties  with  France.  A  less  known 
lawyer,  Asahel  Huntington,  defended  the 
state  laws.  The  Court  rendered  no  deci- 
sion in  1845,  but  after  a  rehearing  in  1847, 
prohibition  was  sustained  in  the  following 
decision  expressed  by  Chief  Justice  Taney: 
"Every  state,  therefore,  may  regulate  its 
own  internal  traffic  according  to  its  own 
judgment,  and  upon  its  own  views  of  the 
interests  and  well-being  of  its  citizens.  I 
am  not  aware  that  these  principles  have 
ever  been  questioned.  Although  a  state  is 
bound  to  receive  and  permit  the  sale  by  the 
importer  of  any  article  of  merchandise 
which  Congress  authorizes  to  be  imported, 
it  is  'uot  to  furnish  a  market  for  it,  nor  to 
abstain  from  the  passage  of  any  law  which 
it  may  deem  necessary  or  advisable  to  guard 
the  health  and  morals  of  its  citizens,  al- 
though such  law  may  discourage  importa- 
tion, or  diminish  the  profits  of  the  im- 
porter, or  lessen  the  revenue  to  the  gen- 
eral government.  And  if  any  state  deems 
internal  traffic  in  ardent  spirits  injurious 
to  its  citizens,  and  calculated  to  produce 
idleness,  vice  and  debauchery,  I  see  noth- 
ing in  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States 


to  prevent  it  from  regulating  and  restrain- 
ing the  traffic  from  prohibiting  it  alto- 
gether, if  it  thinks  proper."     (See  on  1888.) 

Two  hundred  physicians  in  London  signed 
declaration:  (1)  against  the  use  of  alco- 
holic or  fermented  liciuors  as  beverages;  (2) 
that  the  most  perfect  health  is  compatible 
with  total  abstinence  from  all  intoxicating 
beverages;  (3)  that  persons  accustomed  to 
such  drinks  may  discontinue  them  entirely, 
either  at  once  or  gradually;  (4)  that  total 
and  universal  abstinence  from  alcoholic 
liquors  and  intoxicating  beverages  of  all 
sorts  would  greatly  contribute  to  the  health, 
the  prosperity,  the  morality  and  the  happi- 
ness of  the  human  race. — In  this  year  Dela- 
ware enacted  prohibition  law.  (Declared 
unconstitutional  by  State  courts  year  fol- 
lowing.)— Order  of  Crood  Samaritans  or- 
ganized this  year  in  U.  S.  First  temper- 
ance order  to  admit  negroes.  In  second 
year  gave  women  equal  rights  with  men  as 
members. — Sons  of  Temperance  introduced 
in    Canada. 

1848.  Sons  of  Temperance  at  5th  Annual 
Convention  reported  149,372  members. — 
Presbyterian  Asserribly  aporoved  of  absti- 
nence on  grounds  of  Christian  expediency 
(Rom.  14). — -Methodist  Episcopal  Church 
reaffirmed  its  rules  forbidding  the  buying 
or  selling  or  drinking  of  "spirituous 
liquors,"  "unless  in  cases  of  extreme  neces- 
sity." (Wesley's  term,  "spirituous  liquors," 
is  still  used  in  the  rules,  although  wine  and 
beer  are  now  understood  to  be  proscribed 
by  the  church,  no  less  than  the  distilled 
liquors  to  which  alone  the  rule  really  ap- 
plies.)— The  Philadelphia  yearly  meeting  of 
the  Society  of  Friends  declared  for  absti- 
nence.— The  United  Brethren  forbade  mem- 
bers to  make,  sell  or  use  intoxicating  drinks, 
or  to  rent  buildings  for  liquor  selling  or 
sign  petitions  for  license  or  act  as  bondsmen 
for  liquor  dealers.  (The  United  Brethren 
Church,  like  the  Methodist,  is  really  a  to- 
tal abstinence  society,  every  member  tak- 
ing the  pledge  in  joining  the  church.) 
— General  Synod  of  the  Lutheran  Church 
declared  that  Christianity  is  the  only 
basis  for  substantial  and  endurinfr  temper- 
ance reform,  and  "heartily  approved."  New 
York  Temperance  Society  as  "organized  on 
Christian  principles." — ^General  Synod  of  the 
Moravian  Church  held  at  Herrnhut,  Sax- 
onj^  composed  of  renresentatives  of  that 
faith  from  all  parts  of  the  world,  passed 
resolution  urging  upon  all  Moravians  en- 
tire discontinuance  of  the  sale  of  intoxi- 
cating liquors.  Pledge  signing  crusade  be- 
gun in  Canada. 

1849.    Father  Mathew  began  tour  of  the 


Temperance  Chronoloi^^y  and  Chronoloi^ical  Index. 


United  States.  Agreed  with  John  B.  GoiiRh 
and  Mr.  Hawkins  that  liquor  traffic  should 
be  prohibited. — ■Wisconsin  law  of  this  year 
required  every  applicant  for  liquor  license  to 
give  bonds  to  pay  for  anv  damage  caused 
by  his  business  either  to  individuals  or  to 
the  community. — ^New  Hampshire  legisla- 
ture this  year  enacted  statutory  prohibition, 
a  plebiscite  of  previous  year  having  shown 
three-fourths  of  the  voters  on  that  side. 
— Moreton  Bay  Temperance  Society  or- 
ganized in  Brisbane,  Queensland,  Australia. 

1851.  Maine  enacted  "Maine  Law," 
the  first  effective  law  for  state-wide 
PROHIBITION.  (See  on  1846.)  It  has  ever 
since  been  the  golden  milestone  in  pro- 
hibitory legislation.  Neal  Dow  was  elected 
Mayor  of  Maine's  chief  city,  Portland,  that 
the  enforcement  of  the  law  might  be  in  the 
ihands  of  its  friends,  and  in  spite  of  mobs 
he  made  the  law  immediately  effective. 
Other  chief  cities  selected  mayors  of  simi- 
lar quality,  with  similar  result.  Whenever 
and  wherever  proper  men  have  been  se- 
lected for  executives  the  law  has  been  a 
power  for  good,  though  the  law  has  had 
no  magic  to  produce  results  without  en- 
forcement.— Independent  Order  of  Good 
Templars  originated  in  New  York  State. 
The  order  has  since  spread  to  all  lands. 
To  vote  in  favor  of  any  license  is  reallv  as 
great  a  violation  of  the  principles  of  the 
Order  as  to  use  intoxicating  liquors  as  a 
beverage. 

1852.  Prohibition  laws,  similar  to  "Maine 
law,"  enacted  in  Massachusetts,  Rhode 
Island,  Mimiesota  and  Vermont. 

1853.  General  Conference  of  Free  Bap- 
tist Church  expressed  the  opinion  that  "It 
is  the  imperative  duty  of  all  Christians  to 
give  their  suffrages  only  to  such  men  as 
can  be  relied  upon  as  the  friends  of  a  pro- 
hibitory law  for  the  suppression  of  the 
liquor  traffic." — Michigan  enacted  prohibi- 
tion. (Soon  repealed.)  —  Temperance 
arousement  begun  in  Finland.  Pamphlets 
on  misuse  of  brandy,  published  and  widely 
distributed. — United  Kingdom  Alliance  or- 
ganized through  the  efforts  of  Nathaniel 
Card,  a  Quaker,  "for  the  total  and  immedi- 
ate legislative  suppression  of  the  traffic  in 
all  intoxicating  liquors  as  beverages." — 
British  Parliament  passed  Forbes-Macken- 
zie iVct,  forbidding  sale  of  liquors  in  public 
houses  on  Sundays  or  between  11  p.  m.  and 
8  a.  m.,  "except  to  bona  fide  travelers" — 
defined  by  courts  as  those  who  have  come 
at  least  three  miles. — Sale  of  wine  and 
■spirits  restricted  by  legislative  act  of  New 
Brunswick,  Canada. 


239 

1854.  Prohibition  enacted  by  Connecti- 
cut (repealed  1872),  and  by  New  York 
State  (vetoed  by  Horatio  Seymour,  who 
was  himself  "vetoed"  by  the  people  when 
he  stood  for  re-election  a  few  months 
later). — In  same  year  prohibition  was  sub- 
mitted to  the  people  in  Pennsylvania  and 
lost  by  only  3,000  votes. — Petition  bearing 
names  of  fourteen  thousand  citizens  of  New 
South  Wales  asked  Legislatures  to  enact 
Maine  law. — Imperial  order  in  Austria  pun- 
ishing inebriety  when  scandalous. 

1855.  Prohibition  high  tide.  Prohibi- 
tory liquor  laws  enacted  by  Michigan,  New 
Hampshire,  Delaware,  Nebraska,  Wiscon- 
sin, New  York.  Massachusetts  strength- 
ened its  prohibition,  North  Carolina  voted 
for  orohibition  in  one  branch  of  the  Legisla- 
ture. Other  states  generally  increased  pro- 
hibitory features  of  their  license  laws. — The 
Presbyterian  _  Assembly  thanked  God  for 
these  victories  and  noted  that  religion 
had  in  previous  year  made  greatest  gains 
where  temperance  had  gained. — Between 
1846  and  1855  sixteen  of  the  thirty- 
one  states  had  voted  prohibition,  and  these 
laws  were  at  the  eind  of  1855  in  force  in 
all  but  the  last  three  named :  Maine,  New 
Hampshire,  Vermont,  Massachusetts,  Rhode 
Island,  Connecticut,  New  York.  Pennsyl- 
vania,* Delaware,  Indiana,  Michigan,  Iowa, 
Nebraska,  Illinois,  Wisconsin,  Minne- 
sota.— 'Local  option  law  enacted  in 
Sweden.  It  is  claimed  by  many  in  and  out 
of  Sweden  that  the  benefits  claimed  for  the 
"Gothenburg  System,"  established  later, 
were  largely  due  to  local  prohibition  and 
total  abstinence  agitation. — Canadian  Parlia- 
ment passed  an  Act  to  prevent  the  importa- 
tion, manufacture  and  sale  of  intoxicating 
liquors.  (Opponents  secured  control  of 
Parliament  following  year,  and  .the  law  was 
repealed.) 

1856.  "Wave"  of  prohibition  began  to 
recede,  perhaps  in  part  because  this  was 
the  year  of  the  first  national  election  in 
which   the  issues  that  led  to   the   Civil  War 


*ri-om  Maine  to  the  Rocky  Mountains  every 
Northern  State  outlawed  the  l);u--room  onoe  or 
more  by  legislature  or  pleliiseite.  or  both,  lie- 
tween  1845  and  1855.  with  the  single  exception 
of  New  .lerse.y,  which  gave  its  people  local 
option  in  1847  for  one  year.  Pennsylvania's 
right  to  be  recorded  even  temporarily  in  the 
prohibition  column  has  been  challenged,  but 
its  law  of  1.S55,  prohibiting  liquor  selling  at 
"restaurants,  hotels  and  places  of  amusement," 
allowing  sale  by  the  bottle  in  other  places, 
falls  little  short  of  the  prohibition  laws  of 
to-day,  whicli  can  not  prevent  any  man  from 
getting  a  bottle  in  an  "original  package." 
through  an  express  company.  The  chief  result 
of  Prohibition  is  the  abolishing  of  the  bar- 
room as  a  loafing,  treating  resort.  (It  is  sig- 
nificant that  in  France  reformers  are  most 
anxious  to  prohibit  drinkiag  at  liome.) 


240 

were  at  stake.  Maine  repealed  prohibition, 
Pennsylvania  also,  though  "Sumday  clos- 
ing" part  of  the  law  was  retained.  New 
York  State  Court  of  Appeals  voided  prohi- 
bition as  unconstitutional  by  vote  of  five  to 
three.  Indiana  state  courts  did  likewise. 
(In  1857,  Delaware,  in  1858,  Nebraska, 
Massachusetts  and  Rhode  Island  repealed 
their  prohibitory  laws.  Connecticut  and 
Michigan  followed  in  the  seventies,  others 
later,  until  of  the  sixteen  named  above 
only  Maine  remained  under  prohibition. 
Now  that  a  new  "wave"  has  come  that 
promises  to  sweep  into  prohibition  about 
all  of  the  States  that  were  not  swept  in 
by  the  former  "wave,"  it  would  seem  timely 
to  study  why  the  former  tide  receded,  and, 
if  possible,  prevent  another  similar  reac- 
tion. There  are  three  reasons,  besides  the 
anti-slavery  agitation,  for  the  reaction ; 
first,  that  too  much  reliance  was 
placed  on  law,  and  when  prohibition  had 
been  won  by  aid  of  all  opposed  to  "the 
American  saloon,"  including  many  who 
were  not  abstainers  but  hated  the  "saloon" 
as  a  plotting,  loafing  resort,  a  nest  of  bad 
politics  and  anarchy,  the  campaign  forces 
did  not  follow  up  the  victory,  as  they 
should  have  done,  with  an  anti-alcohol, 
abstinence  campaign.  The  importation  of 
liquors  by  many  drinkers,  encouraging  ex- 
press companies  to  become  retailers  of 
liquors  by  various  devices,  discredited  the 
law  and  disappointed  those  who  in  some 
cases  expected  too  much  and  were  inot  con- 
tent with  a  reasonable  reduction.  Second, 
the  failure  to  elect  officers  in  sympathy 
with  the  law  and  brave  enough  to  enforce 
it.*  This  was  partly  due  to  fear  of  party 
defeat,  good  citizens  being  divided  absurdly 
on  national  issues  even  in  local  elections. 
Third,  the  common  propensity  in  every  age 
to  run  from  "the  firing  line"  whenever  the 
fight  grows  hot,  to  "the  line  of  least  re- 
sistance." The  supreme  remedy  is  an  ade- 
quate campaign  of  education.) 

*Law  enforcement  devolves,  first,  upon  the 
mayor;  but  if  he  neglefts  his  duty  the  polife 
department  should  keep  its  oath  to  enforce 
all  laws.  If  the  police  also  fail,  the  sheriff, 
who  is  responsible  for  enforcement  of  law 
in  the  whole  county,  should  take  it  up;  or 
the  prosecutor,  by  whatever  name  called,  or 
the  .iudse  may  lead  a  law  eufoi-cement  re- 
vival by  charging  srand  juries  and  constables 
nnd  attorneys  to  perform  their  duties  or  suffer 
penalty  for"  contempt  of  court.  Or  the  Gov- 
ernor may  order  sherifl's  and  other  state 
officers  to  "enforce  neslected  laws.  If  .ill  these 
public  servants  fail,  the  "Sovereign  Citizen," 
whose  "court"  is  every  court,  may  himself, 
alone  or  with  other  citizens,  bring  offenders 
to  hook;  and  the  first  offenders  that  should 
be  dealt  with  should  be  the  perjured,  cow- 
ardly officers  who  draw  their  salaries  and 
leave  it  to   private  citizens  to  do  their  work. 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


1857.  Reformed  Presbyterian  Church 
("Covenanters")  declared  sale  or  use  of 
intoxicating  drinks  an  offense  calling  for 
church  discipline,  and  directed  sessions  to 
act  accordingly.  Victoria  Temperance 
League  a'nd  Temperance  Alliance  formed  in 
New  South  Wales. 

1858.  Seventh  Day  Adventist  Conven- 
tion strongly  condemned  license  system. 
—Scottish  Permissive  Bill  and  Temperance 
Association  organized,  with  a  view  to  se- 
curing local  option  for  Scotland. — Irish 
Temperance  League  organized. 

1859.  United  Presbyterian  Church,  in 
first  General  Assembly,  declared  the  busi- 
ness of  ^manufacturing  and  vending  intoxi- 
cating liquors  injurious  to  the  best  inter- 
ests of  society  and  inconsistent  with  the 
law  of  God  which  says  "Thou  shalt  love 
thy  neighbor  as  thyself."  The  practice  of 
renting  buildings  for  such  purposes  was 
condemned.  (Later,  it  was  a  deliverance 
of  the  Assembly  "that  every  church  mem- 
ber should  consider  himself  pledged  by  ob- 
ligations he  assumes  to  total  abstinence 
from  all  intoxicating  liquors  as  a  bever- 
age.")— First  Total  Abstinence  Society  in 
Norway  organized. 

1860.  General  Conference  of  the  Meth- 
odist Church  protected  by  resolutions 
against  the  rentingi  of  buildings  for  the 
sale  of  intoxicatins?  drinks,  and  the  prac- 
tice of  selling  grai'U  when  it  is  known 
that  it  is  to  be  used  for  the  manufacture 
of  such  liquors,  and  urged  preachers  and 
members  to  work  for  legal  prohibition. 

1862.  Reformed  (Dutch)  Synod  urged 
that  special  attention  be  given  to  temper- 
ance teaching  in  the  Sunday  school. — ^The 
"spirit  ration"  was  abolished  by  law  in  U. 
S.  Navy,  and  by  order  of  General  Geo.  B. 
McClellan  in  the  Armv. — While  the  friends 
of  temperance  were  absorbed  in  the  Civil 
War,  what  is  called  the  "beer  invasion"  oc- 
curred. "Lager  beer,"  a  milder  drink  than 
the  "ardent  spirits"  and  strong  British 
beers,  which  had  been  previously  the  chief 
objects  of  attack,  was  introduced  as  "a 
temperance  drink  which  would  crowd  out 
the  stronger  liquors,"  and  was  offered  for 
sale,  not  in  hotels  onlv,  but  especially  in 
what  were  called  "saloons,"  which  were 
rooms  opening  on  the  business  streets, 
easily  accessible  and  attractively  furnished 
with  tables,  chairs,  newspapers  and  games. 
They  were  handy  places  to  meet  and  dis- 
cuss war  news,  and  presently  became  the 
branch  offices  of  -^  new  type  of  city  gov- 
ernment dominated  by  "peasant  liquor 
sellers"  from  abroad.  The  American  Tem- 
perance  Union   kept   the  temperance   cause 


Temperance  Chronology  and  Chronological  Index. 


241 


alive  during  those  war  times,  but  the  lines 
were  not  advanced — ^indeed,  it  was  a  rear- 
guard action  of  slow  retreat. — Society  of 
Holland  organized. — International  Temper- 
ance and  Prohibition  Convention  held  in 
London. — "Soldiers'  Total  Abstinence  As- 
sociation," organized  in  British  India 
Army  (afterwards  called  the  "Army  Tem- 
perance Association). — ■United  Parliament 
Temperance  Society  formed  in  Canada. 

186;?.  Canadian  Temperance  Alliance  or- 
ganized.— Local  optio'H  measure  enacted  by 
Dominion  Parliament. 

1864.  Sons  and  Daughters  of  Temperance 
introduced  into  New  South  Wales,  Aus- 
tralia. —  Sir  Wilfrid  Lawson  introduced 
"Permissive  bill,"  a  form  of  local  option, 
in  Parliament,  without  result. 

1865.  National  Temperance  Society  and 
Publication  House,  New  York,  organized. 
It  was  felt  that  only  by  a  great  campaign 
of  education  could  the  states  lost  to  pro- 
hibition be  recovered.  (For  fifteen  years  this 
Society,  under  the  Presidency  of  Hon.  Wm. 
E.  Dodge,  was  the  undisputed  leader  of  the 
temperance  forces  of  the  nation.) — The  Pres- 
byterian General  .assembly  declared  that  the 
church  "should  remove  from  her  pale  all 
who  are  engaged  in  the  manufacture  and 
sale  of  intoxicating  drinks." — "Gothenburg 
Svstem"  introduced  in  Sweden,  a  plan  that 
rests   on    the   assumption    that    intoxicating 

■beverages  must  be  sold,  and  that  the  evils 
resulting  from  the  sale  are  chiefly*  due  to 
private  ownership  and  can  best  be  obvi- 
ated or  mitigated  by  public  ownershio.  un- 
der the  following  rules  and  customs :  "Re- 
cusing credit;  selling  only  pure  liquors; 
keeping  shops  closed  at  unseasonable 
hours ;  keeping  food  for  sale  with  liquors ; 
encouraging  consumntion  of  wines  and 
malt  liquors  instead  of  spirits ;  eliminating 
the  element  of  personal  profit  (except 
guaranteed  salaries  to  managers  and  bar- 
tenders and  a  guaranteed  four  per  cent,  in- 
terest to  those  furnishing  the  money  for 
the  "bolag")  ;  conducting  a  respectable,  or- 
derly place.  (Those  who  desire  to  get  the 
argument  for  the  Gothenburg  nlan  should 
write  to  the  Agricultural  DepartmetTt 
Washington,  D.  C,  for  the  report  of 
Professor  E.  R.  Gould  on  the  System. 
The  other  side,  "The  Gothenbur?  Svstem," 
by  W.  E.  Johnson,  can  be  had  for  15  cents, 
postpaid  from  publishers  of  this  book. 

1866.  Women  admitted  to  Sons  of  Tem- 
perance.— Temple  of  Honor  reported  10,530 
members. — Irish  Sunday  Closing  Associa- 
tion organized. 

1867.  Scottish     Congregation     Ministers' 


Total  Abstinence  Society  organized. — In  the 
Philadelphia  yearly  meeting  (Society  of 
Friends)  the  use  of  tobacco  was  con- 
demned as  creating  a  thirst  for  other  stim- 
ulants.— Sons  of  Temperance  reported  a 
membership  of  72,375  in  U.  S. 

1868.  General  Synod  of  Lutheran  Church 
committed  itself  boldly  and  clearly  against 
the  licensed  traffic  in  intoxicants  for 
drinking  purposes. — ^Good  Templars  order 
introduced  in  Great  Britain  by  Joseph  Ma- 
lins.— Australian  Temperance  Society  or- 
ganized at  Perth. 

1869.  National  Prohibition  Party  organ- 
ized in  United  States. 

1870.  Massachusetts  prohibition  law 
"amended"  by  a  majority  of  one  "so  as  to 
permit  sale  of  malt  liquors  and  allowing 
druggists  to  sell  liquors  under  municipal 
license.  (For  four  years  Massachusetts  had 
been  the  chief  temperance  battlegromid.  In 
1867  a  vigorous  attempt  to  repeal  prohibi- 
tion had  been  defeated  by  temperance  forces 
under  the  lead  of  Henry  Wilson,  Robert  C. 
Pitman  and  Dr.  A.  A.  Miner.  In  1868  the 
law  had  been  repealed  and  in  1867  had  been 
re-enacted.  Then  came  the  half  repeal  of 
1870,  described  above.  In  1871  local  option 
was  allowed  as  to  beer — all  other  intoxi- 
cants remaining  under  prohibition.  In  1875 
prohibition  gave  way  to  license  law.  Later 
under  local  option  provisions  a  major- 
ity of  the  state  voted  for  prohibition  year 
after  year.) — Royal  Templars  of  Temperance 
organized. — New  South  Wales  Political  As- 
sociation for  the  'Suppression  of  Intemper- 
ance.— American  Association  for  the  Study 
and  Cure  of  Inebriety  organized.  Dr.  T. 
D.  Crothers,  Sec,  Hartford,  Conn.) 

1871.  General  Synod  of  Lutheran  Church 
declared  for  the  education  of  the  public 
mind  upon  the  elementary  truths  of  tem- 
perance by  making  free  and  proper  use 
of  the  platform,  the  press  and  the  pulpit; 
also  declared  for  "securing  and  enforcing 
such  laws  as  will  effectually  suppress  the 
evils  of  intemperance  among  us." — A  dec- 
laration was  drawn  up  and  signed  by  three 
hundred  physicians  in  London,  in  part  as 
follows :  "As  it  is  believed  that  the  incon- 
siderate prescription  of  large  quantities  of 
alcoholic  liquids  by  medical  men  for  their 
patients  has  given  rise,  m  many  instances, 
to  the  formation  of  intemperate  habits,  the 
undersigned,  while  unable  to  abandon  the 
use  of  alcohol  in  the  treatment  of  several 
cases  of  disease,  are  yet  of  the  opinion  that 
no  practitioner  should  prescribe  it  without 
tlie  sense  of  grave  responsibility.  They  be- 
lieve that  alcohol  in  whatever  form  should 


242 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


be  prescribed  with  as  much  care  as  any 
powerful  dru,a:,  and  that  the  directions  for 
its  use  should  be  so  framed  as  not  to>  be 
interpreted  as  a  sanction  for  excess  or  nec- 
essarily for  the  continuance  of  its  use  when 
the  occasion  is  past." — ■Leg'islature  of  Vic- 
toria, Australia,  enacted  a  law  giving  power 
to  municipal  bodies  or  to  two-thirds  of  the 
rate  payers  of  a  district  to  prevent  the 
granting  of  new  licenses.  (Amended  in 
1876  to  give  this  power  to  majority  of 
voters  in  a  district.) — Act  passed  in  Nor- 
way enabling  inhabitants  of  localities  to 
take  the  trade  of  intoxicating  liquors  into 
their  own  hands.  This  is  the  "samlag," 
similar  to  the  "bolag"  of  Sweden. 

1872.  League  of  the  Cross,  a  Roman 
Catholic  temperance  society,  organized  in 
Great  Britain.  —  Reformed  Presbyterian 
Church  of  Scotland  organized  a  temperance 
association  on  the  basis  of  total  abstinence. 
— 'Catholic  Total  Abstinence  Union  of 
America  organized. — Ribbon  Club  move- 
ment started.  Pledged  abstainers  enlisted 
by  Francis  Murphy  wore  a  blue  ribbon,  and 
others  enlisted  by  Dr.  Henry  A.  Reynolds 
wore  a  red  ribbon. 

1873.  Womian's  Temperance  Crusade  be- 
gan in  Hillsboro,  Ohio,  see  p.  55.— Civil 
damage  law  enacted  in  New  York  by  which 
■damages  could  be  collected  by  a  wife  or 
others  from  a  liquor  dealer  in  case  an  in- 
jury was  suffered,  such  as  assault  or  loss 
•or  support  that  could  be  traced  to  the  in- 
fluence of  drink  sold  by  him.  Many  such 
laws  were  made  in  this  period  and  sustained 
and  enforced  by  the  courts.— Sons  and 
Daughters  of  Temperance  introduced  into 
■New  Zealand.— First  Protestant  Church  or- 
ganized in  Western  Mexico  with  members 
pledged  against  all  intoxicating  liquors.— 
Independent  Order  of  Good  Templars  intro- 
duced in  Natal.— London  Temperance  Hos- 
pital founded.  The  senior  physician 
aftetward  said:  "As  a  pharmaceutical 
solvent  alcohol  .has  been  superseded.  A 
solution  of  glycerine  and  water  has  an- 
swered perfectly  as  a  vehicle  for  every 
drug  that  has  been  required  in  the  form 
of  a  tincture.  This  solution  costs  about 
one-fifth  as  much  as  the  ordinary  alcoholic 
solvent  and  tinctures  thus  made  give  the 
true  effects  of  the  drug  unalloyed  by  the 
action  of  an  alcoholic  vehicle.  The  glvcerine 
tinctures  are  efficient  and  economical,  while 
ithey  are  never  taken,  -surreptitiously  or 
otherwise,  as  intoxicants.  Of  16.628  cases 
treated  in  this  hospital  during  twenty-six 
years,  alcohol  was  prescribed  in  only  thirty- 
one." 


1874.  Woman's  Christian  Temperance 
Union  organized  in  the  United  States. — 
Reformed  Presbyterian  Church  joined  the 
increasing  company  of  churches  using  only 
unfermented  wine  at  the  Lord's  Supper.— 
Unitarian  National  Conference  declared  in- 
temperance a  mighty  foe  of  civilization,  and 
asked  members  to  do  all  they  could  to  de- 
stroy it. 

1875.  Bible  Temperance  Association  in- 
stituted in  Belfast,  Ireland,  for  banishing 
intoxicating  wine  from  the  communion 
service.  Its  first  name  was  the  "Irish  Sac- 
ramental Wine  Association." — Mutual  Life 
Insurance  Co.  of  New  York  inserted  in 
the  formula  for  the  examination  of  appli- 
cants the  question  whether  or  not  the 
applicant   used   alcoholic  liquors. 

1876.  British  Woman's  Temperance  As- 
sociation organized. — Dominion  Alliance  for 
the  Total  Suppression  of  the  Liquor  Traf- 
fic formed  at  Ottawa. — "Friends  of  Tem- 
perance," organized  for  whites  only  in 
Virginia  in  1865,  had  by  1876  grown  to 
20,000. — Independent  Order  of  Good  Tem- 
plars introduced  in  Sierra  Leone,  Africa.-— 
First  Tent  of  Rechabites  established  in 
Natal. 

1877.  Law  and  Order  League  organized 
in  Chicago  for  the  restriction  of  the  liquor 
traffic  and  to  enforce  laws  against  selling 
intoxicants  to  children  and  youth. — 'Sunday 
closing  of  saloons  decreed  for  Ireland.— 
The  Blue  Cross  Federation  organized  in 
Switzerland  to  reclaim  drunkards. 

1878.  Order  of  Good  Templars  intro- 
duced into  the  Gold  Coast  Colony,  West 
Africa. — Irish  AssO'Ciation  for  the  Preven- 
tion of  Intemperance  organized. — In  a 
great  Convention  of  the  Disciples  of  Christ 
it  was  declared  by  a  rising  vote  that  "as 
intemperance  is  the  deadly  foe  to  all  the 
true  interests  of  man,  both  in  this  world 
and  the  world  to  come,  we  pledge  ourselves 
anew,  both  as  Christians  and  Christian  min- 
isters, to  do  all  in  our  power,  consistent 
with  our  circumstances,  to  banish  intem- 
perance from  the  world." — The  Order  p£ 
the  Knights  of  Labor,  in  this  year  of  its 
organization,  excluded  from  membership  by 
constitutional  provision  saloonkeepers,  bar- 
tenders and  all  persons  connected  in  any 
wav  with  the  liquor  busi-ness. — "Scott  Act" 
passed  this  vear  by  Parliaiment  of  Canada, 
provided  that  25  per  cent,  of  the  qualified 
electors  of  any  county  or  city  mighty  force 
an  election  on  the  question  of  prohibition 
of  the  retail  sale  of  intoxicants,  and  that 
prohibition  should  be  declared  if  a  majority 
so  voted. 


Temperance  Chronology  and  Chronological  Index. 


243 


1879.  Sir  Wilfrid  Lavvson,  for  many 
years  leader  m  the  British  Parliament,  in 
this  year  began  his  long  fight  for  local 
option,  or  "local  veto."  (Often  endorsed 
by  resolution  in  Parliament  and  sometimes 
by  the  Government,  but  up  to  1909  had  re- 
sulted in  no  legislation.) — The  General 
Synod  of  the  Reformed  Presbyterian  Church 
condemned  all  indulgence  in  the  use  of 
tobacco. — Order    of   Good    Templars    intro- 


Sm  WILFRID  LAWSON. 

duced  in  Sweden,  which  became  one  of  its 
strongholds. — Belgian  Association  Against 
the  Abuse  of  Alcoholic  Beverages,  organ- 
ized. (Name  afterwards  changed  to  Patri- 
otic League  Against  Intemperance.")  — 
Danish  Temperance  Society  organized. — At 
Kansas  Yearly  ivieetinp-  of  Friends  a  com- 
mittee was  appointed  to  co-operate  with 
the  State  Association  in  efforts  to  secure 
the  passage  of  prohibitory  amendment  to 
the  constitution. 

Period   of   High  License,   Constitutional 
Prohibition  and  Scientific  Temper- 
ance   Education. 

Through  this  decade  and  beyond,  the  Wo- 
man's Christian  Tennperance  Union,  un- 
der the  masterful  generalship  of  I\Iiss 
Frances  E.  Willard,  was  the  main  army 
of  temperance.  Some  good  men  were  de- 
ceived into  thinking  high  license  was  a  tem- 
perance "half  loaf,"  but  no  woman  thought 
a  high  tax  could  make  wrong  more  toler- 
able. It  was  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  that  bore  the 
brunt   of  long  campaigns    for   state  consti- 


tutional prohibition  in  many  states,  and  for 
comiHilsory  scientific  temperance  education 
in  all.  The  mightiest  reasoncr  of  the  tem- 
perance forces,  Dr.  Joseph  Cook,  Boston  lec- 
turer, spoke  as  follows  of  high  license  and 
constitutional  prohibition:  Against  High 
License.  High  license  is  a  hindrance  to 
prohibition  for  these  eight  reasons : — 

1.  Because  it  enlists  the  covetousness  of 
the  taxpayer  in  the  support  of  the  saloon 
as  a  source  of  revenue  and  of  supposed 
diminution  of  taxes.  We  get  about  $1.60 
a  head  from  it,  but  the  direct  damage  it 
does  cannot  be  covered  by  $15  cash  from 
every  citizen  of  the  republic,  as  Senator 
Blair  has  shown.  The  apparent  diminution 
of  taxes  is  only  apparent.  Nevertheless, 
such  is  the  cupidity  of  the  average  taxpayer 
that  as  soon  as  high  license  brings  a  great 
revenue  to  the  State,  he  becomes  wet  pow- 
der for  prohibition. 

2.  Because  high  license  gilds  the  saloon, 
transforms  the  gin-hole  into  the  gin-palace, 
and  so  gives  external  respectability  to  the 
liquor  traffic. 

3.  Because  high  license  makes  the  wealthy 
saloon  the  low  politicians'  headquarters,  a 
caucus  room,  and  often  a  polling  place,  and 
so  brings  elections  under  the  domination  of 
the  whiskey  rings,_and  causes  the  path  to 
political  preferment  to  lead  through  the 
gilded  gin-mill. 

4.  Because  high  license  leads  in  practice 
to  a  combination  of  the  gin-mill  with  the 
headquarters  of  the  worst  vices,  especially 
with  those  of  gambling  and  prostitution. 
"Low  license,"  says  Herrick  Johnson,  "asks 
for  your  son ;  high  license  for  your  daugh- 
ter, also." 

5.  Because  high  license  is  a  party  meas- 
ure merely,  and  can  be  reversed  by  a  change 
in  party  majorities,  and  so  stimulates  the 
whiskey  syndicates  to  foster  political  cor- 
ruption ;  while  constitutional  prohibition, 
passed  by  the  whole  people,  could  not  easily 
be  overturned,  and  would  not,  therefore, 
tempt  to  political  machination  and  corrup- 
tion as  a  merely  party  measure  always 
does. 

6.  Because  high  license  is  generally  ap- 
proved, and  prohibition  always  opposed,  by 
the   whiskey  rings. 

7.  Because  while  high  license  may  dimin- 
ish the  number  of  saloons,  it  is  the  notori- 
ous testimony  of  the  best  authorities  that 
it  does  not  diminish  the  amount  of  liquor 
sold  nor  the  extent  of  drunkenness. 

8.  Because  license  in  all  its  forms  is  con- 
trary to  the  principles  of  good  government 
and  good  morals.  It  is  a  permission  by 
the  State  to  certain  people  for  a  considera- 


244 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


tion  to  manufacture  taxes,  paupers,  drunk- 
ards, widows,  orphans,  crimmals,  madmen, 
and  lost  souls. 

For  Constitutional  Prohibition  :  Would 
not  constitutional  prohibition  so  fail 
of  execution  in  great  and  corrupt  cities 
as  to  be  inferior  in  practical  effect  to  high 
license?  Constitutional  prohibition,  once 
enacted,  represents  the  will  of  the  whole 
people.  It  is  a  measure  unencumbered  with 
any  partisan  issue.  High  license  is  usually 
complicated  with  partisan  contests.  Con- 
stitutional prohibition,  having  secured  the 
great  majority  of  votes  in  a  state,  would 
have  high  moral  authority  even  in  corrupt 
cities.     My  positions,   therefore,   are : 

(1.)  Constitutional  prohibition  would  be 
partially  executed  in  cities.  (2.)  It  would 
be  increasingly  executed.  (3.)  It  might  be 
executed  reasonably  well  by  the  aid  of  law 
and  order  leagues.  (4.)  If  the  municipal 
state  police  assists  the  local  police,  it  might 
be  made  as  effective  as  statutory  prohibi- 
tion ever  was.  (5.)  Being  the  measure  of 
the  whole  people  and  not  subject  to  sudden 
■change,  constitutional  prohibition  would  dis- 
courage new  investments  of  property  in  the 
liquor  trade  and  weaken  the  distillery  in- 
terest much  more  than  high  license  could 
do;  for  the  latter  would  be  a  mere  party 
.measure  and  subject  to  change  at  the  next 
alteration  of  party  majorities.  Under  con- 
stitutional prohibition  a  legislature  could 
vote  only  one  way.  Combinations  of  the 
whiskey  rings  to  corrupt  a  legislature  would, 
therefore,  be  discouraged.  (6.)  Let  mu- 
nicipal reform  succeed,  and  the  rules  of 
civil  service  reform  be  applied  to  cities,  and 
even  in  corrupt  great  towns  the  will  of  the 
people  may  yet  be  carried  out.  (7.)  Consti- 
tutional prohibition,  like  statutory,  would 
drive  liquor  selling  into  obscure  and  dis- 
reputable quarters  in  cities.  On  the  con- 
trary, high  license  gilds  the  saloon.  It  con- 
verts the  gin-hole  into  the  gin-palace.  It 
greatly  adds  to  the  respectability  of  the 
liquor  trade.  It  thus  builds  up  the  power 
that  threatens  the  home  and  good  govern- 
ment. (8.)  All  license  miseducates  the 
people  by  .making  the  state  a  partner  in  un- 
righteous gains.  It  notoriously  intrenches 
the  whiskey  trade  behind  the  cupidity  of 
taxpayers.  All  license  of  the  liquor  traffic 
means  state  permission  to  a  man,  for  a 
consideration,  to  poison  his  neighbors,_  and 
.manufacture  drunkards,  paupers,  criminals, 
taxes,  ruined  homes,  and  lost  souls. 

1880.  Kansas  First  State  to  Incor- 
porate Prohibition  into  its  State  Consti- 
tution BY  Popular  Vote.  (Movement  for 
such  constitutional  prohibition,  prompted  by 


legislative  fickleness  and  treachery,  became 
the  characteristic  movement  of  this  decade.) 
A  Permanent  Committee  on  Temperance 
appointed  by  the  Presbyterian  Assembly,  the 
first  penmanent  denominational  committee 
on  temperance  having  a  paid  secretary,  the 
precursor  of  similar  official  committees  on 
moral  reforms  since  instituted  by  the  Meth- 
odists and  Presbyterians  of  Canada  and  by 
the  Methodists  a'nd  others  of  the  United 
States.  Another  leading  movement  of  this 
period  was  the  crusade  led  by  Mrs.  Mary 
H.  Hunt,  for  the  W.  C.  T.  U.,  to  intro- 
duce Compulsory  scientific  temperance 
education  in  public  schools  of  the  united 
states.  (It  took  twenty-one  years,  up  to 
1901,  of  active  campaigning  to  bring  all  of 
the  states  into  line.) — ^Good  Templar  Order 
introduced  in  Denmark. — Government  of 
Holland  began  annual  grant  of  $3,000  to 
Temperance  cause. 

1881.     Scottish   Baptist  Total   Abstinence 
Society,  organized. 

1881.  Nebraska  inaugurated  "high 
license/'  which  was  the  leading  movement 
of  this  period  on  the  liquor  dealers'  side. 
Many  good  men  at  first  favored  it  in  the 
hope  that  the  liquor  traffic  might  gradu- 
ally be  wiped  out  while  making  it  in- 
creasingly a  means  of  revenue.  This  had 
been  tried  in  vain  centuries  before,  but 
many  thought  it  a  new  discovery.  In  some 
cases  preachers  who  had  fought  the  liquor 
traffic  found  themselves  in  what  might 
well  have  been  counted  suspicious  accord 
with  politicians  seeking  increased  political 
revenue.  And  taxpayers  were  delighted 
ito  find  they  could  follow  the  preachers 
and  the  politicians'  advice  at  the  same  time, 
and  also  turn  their  school  tax  over  on  the 
liquor  dealers.  (After  it  had  been  well 
tried  every  temperance  expert  condemned 
high  license  as  not  a  step  toward  prohibi- 
tion but  a  bar  and  bribe  to  block  its  way.) 
— iChurch  Temperance  Society  (Protestant 
Episcopal)  organized  in  the  United  States 
on  double  basis,  each  member  to  pledge  to 
moderation  or  abstinence  as  he  chose. 
Probably  the  only  temperance  society  in  U. 
S.  in  20th  century  on  this  British  double 
basis. — The  General  Assembly  of  the  Cum- 
berland Presbyterian  Church  ordered  "that 
our  people  be  advised  to  favor  the  pass- 
age of  prohibitory  laws,  and  that  they  vote 
for  men  who  will  both  make  and  execute 
such  laws." — 'General  Conference  of  United 
Brethren  in  Christ  said :  "We  will  not  re- 
lax our  efforts  until  Constitutional  iprohibi- 
tion  shall  be  secured  in  every  state  of  this 
great  domain," 


Temperance  Chronology  and  Chronological  Index 


MS 


1882.  Victorian  Temperance  Alliance  or- 
ganized  in   Victoria,   Australia. 

1883.  High  license,  originated  in  Ne- 
braska, spread  this  year  to  Missouri.  (In 
a  few  years  had  caught  in  its  net,  by  seem- 
ing to  increase  restriction  while  surely  in- 
creasing revenue,  Illinois,  Minnesota,  Penn- 
sylvania and  Massachusetts.  High  license 
has  never  decreased  the  consumption  of 
liquors  nor  their  consequences,  but  has  en- 
listed the  cupidity  of  taxpayers  and  office- 
holders for  the  continuance  of  the  saloons. 
From  Manitoba  to  Texas,  both  inclusive, 
stretched  an  almost  unbroken  belt  of  "dry" 
territory  in  1909,  the  only  considerable 
break  being  the  original  high  license  state 
of  Nebraska.) — The  General  Synod  of  the 
Lutheran  Church  declared  against  the  use 
of  fermented  wine  in  the  Lord's  Supper. 
Also  against  voluntary  connection  with  or 
abetment  of  the  liquor  traffic,  such  as  sell- 
ing alcoholic  liquors  for  drinking  purposes, 
the  renting  of  buildings  for  the  purpose  of 
carrying  on  the  traffic,  the  signing  of  ap- 
plication for  licenses,  all  counted  as  suf- 
ficient ground  for  church  discipline ;  also 
said:  "We  declare  that  none  who  thus 
abet  this  ruinous  traffic  are  worthy  of  good 
standing  in  our  churches.  We  will  con- 
tinue to  protest,  to  preach  and  to  pray 
against  the  rum  traffic,  and  under  every 
favorable  opportunity  zve  will  vote  as  we 
pray."  Ministers  were  urged  to  preach  to 
their  congregations  on  temperance. — W.  C. 
T.  U.  introduced  in  Canada. — Scottish  Tem- 
perance Life  Association  organized  in  Edin- 
burgh, an  insurance  society  classifying  ab- 
stainers separately  as  better  risks. — New 
South  Wales  Local  Option  League  organ- 
ized.— Temperance  Society  formed  in  Fin- 
land on  the  double  basis  of  moderation  and 
total  abstinence. — Good  Templar  Order  in- 
troduced in  Germany. 

1883.  German  Society  against  use  of  Al- 
coholic Drinks  organized. — Templars  of 
Temperance  introduced  into  United  States. 
— Law  enacted  in  England  forbidding  the 
payment  of  wages  in  public  houses. 

1884.  Maine  put  prohibition  into  State 
Constitution  by  vote  of  the  people  in  the 
words  following,  which  may  be  considered 
representative  of  the  constitutional  prohibi- 
tion which  at  this  period  had  become  the 
goal  of  prohibitionists :  "The  manufacture 
of  intoxicating  liquors,  not  including  cider, 
and  the  sale  and  keeping  for  sale  of  in- 
toxicating liquors,  are  and  shall  be  for- 
ever prohibited,  except,  however,  that  the 
sale  and  keeping  for  sale  of  such  liquors 
for  medicinal  and  mechanical  purposes  and 


the  arts,  and  the  sale  and  keeping  for  sale 
of  cider  may  be  permitted  under  such  regu- 
lations as  the  legislature  may  provide.  The 
legislature  shall  enact  laws  with  suitable 
penalties  for  the  suppression  of  the  manu- 
facture, sale  and  keeping  for  sale  of  intoxi- 
cating liquors,  with  the  exceptions  herein 
specified."  (.Adopted  Sept.  8,  1884,  by  vote 
of  70,G30  for,  23,6;j8  against;  majority  for, 
46,972.)— On  March  2  of  this  year,  the  lead- 
ing newspaper  in  the  United  States,  the 
New  York  Tribune,  edited  by  Hon.  White- 
law  Reid,  since  Ambassador  to  Great 
Britain,  expressed  American  public  senti- 
ment on  the  liquor  traffic  in  the  following 
famous  editorial: 


"It  is  impossible  to  examine  any  sub- 
ject connected  with  the  progress,  the 
civilization,  the  physical  well-being,  the 
religious  conditions  of  the  masses,  with- 
out encountering  this  monstrous  evil.  It 
lies  at  the  center  of  all  political  and  so- 
cial mischief.  It  paralyzes  beneficent 
energies  in  every  direction.  It  neutral- 
izes educational  agencies.  It  silences  the 
voice  of  religion.  It  baffles  penal  re- 
form. It  obstructs  political  reform.  It 
rears  aloft  a  mass  of  evilly  inspired 
power  which,  at  every  salient  point, 
threatens  social  and  national  advance, 
which  gives  to  ignorance  and  vice 
greater  potency  than  intelligence  and 
virtue  can  command  ;  which  deprives  the 
poor  of  the  advantages  of  modern  pro- 
gress ;  which  debauches  and  degrades 
millions,  brutalizing  and  soddening  them 
below  the  plane  of  healthy  savagery,  and 
fills  the  centers  of  population  with  crea- 
tures whose  conditions  almost  excuses 
the  immorality  which  renders  them  dan- 
gerous to  their  generation." 


Declaration  made  in  The  Popular  Science 
News,  of  Boston,  that  in  prohibiting  alco- 
holic beverages  the  dangerous  exceptions 
for  alcohol  in  medicine  and  the  arts  need 
no  longer  be  made,  as  science  can  now  pro- 
vide substitutes  of  a  less  dangerous  char- 
acter.— Methodist  Protestant  Church  passed 
following  resolution  :  "We  believe  that  the 
most  successful  way  to  suppress  the  traffic 
in  intoxicants  is  constitutional  prohibition." 
— African  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  in 
LT.  S.  in  General  Conference  unanimously 
adopted  a  resolution  pledging  the  Confer- 
ence "to  a  continued  and  unremitting  war- 
fare against  intemperance  and  strong  drink 
until  its  kingdom  is  destroyed." — The  Uni- 
tarian  Church  of  the  United  States  called 


246 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


upon  its  members  to  give  up  the  moderaLe 
use  of  strong  drink  out  of  compassion  for 
their  weaker  brethren. — "Church  of  God" 
declared  the  legalized  sale  of  intoxicating 
drinks  a  crime  against  God,  home  and 
country,  and  pronounced  "license,  whether 
for  municipal  or  state  revenue,  wrong  in 
principle  and  repugnant  to  reason  and  re- 
ligion."— Austrian  Society  for  Checking  In- 
ebriety organized. — Woman's  Christian  Tem- 
perance Union  introduced  in  Hawaii. — 
Victorian  Band  of  Hope  Union,  Melbourne, 
Australia,  organized. — 'Local  option  cam- 
paign   begun   by    South    Australia   Alliance. 

1885.  National  Anti-Nuisance  League  of 
the  United  States  did  good  work  for  pro- 
hibition.— ^Non-partisan  League  for  the 
Su,ppression  of  the  liquor  traffic  organized 
in  Boston. — Berry's  Licensing  Reform  bill 
passed  in  Victoria,  Australia,  restricting 
number  of  saloons. — W.  C.  T.  U.  intro- 
duced in  New  Zealand. — Australian  General 
Mutual  Life  Assurance  Society  organized. 
(Another  of  the  many  insurance  companies 
that  classify  abstainers  separately  from 
moderate  drinkers  and  find  them  better 
risks.) 

1886.  Blue  Ribbon  Union  organized  in 
Sweden ;  also  National  Lodge  of  Good 
Templars. — ^New  Zealand  Temperance  Alli- 
ance organized. — W.  C.  T.  U.  introduced  in 
Bulgaria  and  China.  (Intoxicating  drinks 
being  very  little  used  in  China,  there  were 
very  few  active  temperance  societies  there 
down  to  1907,  but  efforts  to  introduce  beer 
in  place  of  outlawed  opium  now  call  for  a 
vigorous    tem'perance    campaign    there.) 

1887.  The  Supreme  Event  of  this  Year 
vt'as  a  decision  of  the  u.  s.  supreme 
Court  in  what  are  called  the  Kansas 
Cases,  on  the  question  of  compensation. 
One  of  the  cases  was  listed  as  "Mugler 
versus  Kansas,"  and  $10,000  was  paid  Sena- 
tor George  G.  Vest  to  argue  for  compen- 
sation to  'the  brewer  whose  business  had 
ibeen  destroyed  by  prohibition.  In  the  other 
■case,  Kansas  versus  Ziebold,  Hon.  Joseph 
H.  Choate  was  paid  $6,000  to  urge  a  simi- 
lar claim.  The  decision  of  the  Court,  ex- 
pressed through  Justice  Harlan,  was  in 
part  as  follows  (123  U.  S.  Reports,  p.  623)  : 
"We  cannot  shut  out  of  view  the  fact, 
within  the  knowledge  of  all,  that  the  public 
health,  the  public  morals  and  the  public 
safety  may  be  endangered  by  the  general 
use  of  intoxicating  drinks ;  nor  the  fact, 
established  by  statistics  accessible  to  every 
one,  that  the  disorder,  pauperism  and  crime 
(prevalent  in  the  country  are  in  some  degree 
at  least  traceable  to  this  evil.    .    .    .    The 


exercise  of  the  police  power  by  the  de- 
struction of  'property  which  is  itself  a  public 
nuisance,  or  the  prohibition  of  its  use  in  a 
particular  way,  whereby  its  value  becomes 
depreciated,  is  very  different  from  taking 
property  for  public  use,  or  from  depriving  a 
person  of  property  without  due  .process  of 
law.  In  the  one  case,  a  nuisance  only  is 
abated;  in  the  other,  an  unoffending  prop- 
erty is  taken  away  from  an  innocent 
owner." — 'Temperance  Society  organized  in 
Russia. — "Abstinent  Club"  organized  at  Zu- 
rich, Switzerland. — State  control  of  liquor 
traffic  inaugurated  in  Switzerland. — Boys' 
Temperance  Society  organized  in  Bulgaria. 
— 'Native  Races  and  the  Liquor  Traffic 
United  Committee  organized  in  England  by 
missionary  and  temperance  leaders. — W.  C. 
T.  U.  introduced  in  Siam,  Straits  Settle- 
ments, Cape  Colony. 

1888.  In  Great  Britain,  Hon.  W.  S.  Caine, 
]M.  P.,  a  temperance  leader  for  many  years, 
returning  from  India  where  he  had  investi- 
gated the  baneful  extension  of  the  British 
liquor  traffic  among  the  natives,  organized 
in  London,  to  combat  this  wrong,  the  Anglo- 
Indian  Temperance  Association.  (In  1909 
located  at  36  Iveley  Road,  Clapham,  S.  W.) 
— W.  C.  T.  U.  introduced  in  Madagascar, 
France,  Denmark. 

18S9.  United  States  Supreme  Court  gave 
decision  against  Mississippi  State  lottery, 
that  was  seen  to  bear  strongly  in  principle 
on  liquor  traffic  (101  U.  S.  Reports,  p. 
815)  :  "No  legislature  can  bargain  away 
the  public  health  or  the  public  morals. 
The  people  themselves  cannot  do  it,  much 
less  their  servants." — W.  C.  T.  U.  intro- 
duced in  Chili,  Natal,  Orange  River  Colony, 
Sierra  Leone. — ^Total  Abstinence  Society  or- 
ganized in  Austria. 

1890.     Quarterly    Temperance    Lessons 

MADE  A  part  OF  THE  INTERNATIONAL  SUN- 
DAY School  Lesson  Syste^i,  see  p.  5. — 
First  action  taken  toward  the  ex,pulsion  of 
the  white  man's  rum  from  the  uncivilized 
races.  The  reform  and  missionary  socie- 
ties of  Great  Britain,  united  in  a  Native 
Raci^s  Committee,  induced  the  British  Gov- 
ernment to  prc'pare  a  paragraph  for  the 
treaty  drawn  by  the  Brussels  Conference 
of  1890,  in  which  seventeen  nations  were 
represented,  prohibiting  for  "moral  and  ma- 
terial" reasons,  the  sale  of  spirituous 
liquors  to  the  natives  of  the  Congo  State. 
(See  book  "Intoxicating  D'rinks  and 
Drugs.") — W.  C.  T.  \].  introduced  in  Korea. 
Bahamas,  Newfoundlan.d. — First  Total  Ab- 
stinence Society  in  Russia,  organized  by 
Count    Leo    Tolstoy. — International    Union 


Temperance  Chronology  and  Chronological  Index. 


247 


for  Comtating  the  Use  of  Alcohol  organ- 
ized at  Zurich. — "Humanitas,"  students'  or- 
ganization for  total  abstinence,  organized. 
(Since  called  "Helvetia  Swiss  Middle 
School  Total  Abstinence  Society.") 

1891.  W.  C.  T.  U.  introduced  in  Egypt, 
Maderia,  Spain,  Italy,  Greece,  Transvaal, 
S.  Africa,  Greece,  Australasia.  (The  colo- 
nies of  Australia  organized  separately  in 
1885,  and  federated  in  1891.)— Licensed  Vic- 
tuallers' Act  in  South  Australia,  grant- 
ing local  option  as  to  new  licenses,  and 
the  reduction  of  the  number  of  licenses 
already  granted.  For  licenses  revoked  pub- 
licans were  granted  a  compensation  to  be 
fixed  by  arbitration  and  paid  out  of  Gov- 
ernment funds,  the  last  provision  to  expire 
in  1906. — Local  option  bill  for  Wales  passed 
by  House  of  Commons. — American  Aledical 
Temperance  Association  organized. 

1892.  W.  C.  T.  U.  organized  in  Brazil 
and  other  states  of  South  America  and  in 
Norway  and  Jamaica. — Swiss  Patriotic 
League  Against  Alcoholism  organized. — 
Netherlands  Total  Abstinence  Society  or- 
ganized.— Government  ordinance  passed  es- 
tablishing scientific  temperance  teaching  in 
all  the  Canadian  schools. — Anti-Alcoholic 
League  formed  in  Switzerland  for  scientific 
instruction  among  the  educated  classes. — 
Lectures  given  in  all  the  prisons  of  Fin- 
land on  the  bad  effects  of  alcohol. — Local 
•option  bill  passed  by  Legislative  Council 
in  Natal. — Provincial  Plebiscite  in  Mani- 
toba resulted  in  a  majority  for  pro- 
hibition. (But  government  gave  no  ade- 
quate legislation  in  consequence.  The  same 
sequel  followed  in  other  Canadian  plebis- 
cites.) 

1893.  Alcoholic  liquors  sale  control  act 
passed  in  New  Zealand. — W.  C.  T.  U.  in- 
troduced in  Netherlands. — American  Anti- 
Saloon  League  organized  in  United  States 
■at  Oberlin. — Provincial   Plebiscite  in   Prince 

Edward  Island,  7,254  majority  for  pro- 
hibition.— iLocal  option  law  passed  in  New 
Zealand  providing  that  at  every  third  year 
each  elector  may  vote  for  any  of  the  fol- 
lowing propositions :  "I  vote  that  the  num- 
ber of  publicans'  licenses  continue  as  at 
present."  'T  vote  that  the  number  of 
publicans  licenses  be  reduced."  "I  vote 
that  no  publican's  licenses  be  granted." 
(Similar  laws  are  in  force  in  Australia,  but 
in  all  these  cases  a  three-fourths  majority 
is  required,  and  as  reduction  and  prohibi- 
tion divide  the  temperance  vote,  such  a 
majority  is  very  difficult  to  get. — In  the 
United  States  a  majority  vote  is  found 
sufificient.) — -Gothenburg    System    introduced 


into  Finland. —  "Committee  of  Fifty"  ap- 
pointed by  Century  Magazine,  including 
millionaires  and  college  presidents,  to  make 
thorough  investigation  of  the  tcmncrancc 
question,  with  $30,000.00  to  spend.  Com- 
mittee has  publis'hed  several  books,  valu- 
able but  extremely  conservative.  In  "Eco- 
nomic Aspects  of  the  Liquor  Problem,"  they 
arrived  at  certain  conclusions  concerning 
the  results  of  drink  in  poverty,  pauperism 
and  crime.  These  statistics  may  be  looked 
upon  as  giving  the  irreducible  minimum  of 
these  items,  it  being  the  avowed  policy  of 
the  committee's  investigators  to  attribute 
no  evil  result  to  drink  that  could  by  any 
possibility  be  otherwise  explained.  Upon 
that  basis  the  committee  attributed  24  per 
cent,  of  poverty,  37  per  cent,  of  pauper- 
ism and  49.95  per  cent,  of  crime  to  drink. 
— British  Opium  Commission  investigat- 
ing that  curse  in  India,  very  much  prej- 
udiced and  hampered  by  the  revenue 
feature,  see  Rountree's  "Imperial  Drug 
Trade." — In  triennial  convention  of  the  In- 
ternational Sunday  School  Association  at 
St.  Louis,  Lesson  Committee  asked  to  be 
released  from  rule  requiring  four  temper- 
ance lessons  a  year.  The  convention,  on 
motion  of  W.  F.  Crafts,  reaffirmed  rule. 
(A  like  action,  under  same  leader,  was 
taken  three  years  later  at  Boston.) 

1894.  Railroads  in  the  United  States 
beginning  to  require  total  abstinence  of 
employees. 

Provincial  plebiscite  in  Ontario,  81,769 
majority  for  prohibition. — Provincial  plebis- 
cite in  Nova  Scotia,  1,769  majority  for  pro- 
hibition.— Red  Cross  Hospital  erected  in 
New  York  City  through  efforts  of  Wm.  T. 
Wardwell.  Alcohol  not  used  in  any  form. — 
W.  C.  T.  U.  introduced  in  Mexico. 

1895.  W.  C.  T.  U.  introduced  in  Fin- 
land.— French  Anti-Alcohol  Union  formed, 
including  eight  hundred  societies.  Ger- 
man SOCIETY  OF  ABSTAINING  PHYSICIANS 
FORMED,  THROUGH  WHOSE  EFFORTS,  LARGELY, 
HAVE  COME  THE  REMARKABLE  SERIES  OF 
HARMFULNESS  OF  EVEN  AN  OCCASIONAL 
GLASS    OF    BEER    OR     V/INE,     SCe    p.     75. — LoCal 

Option  law  passed  in  Queensland,  Austra- 
lia. Two-thirds  of  the  voters  of  a  locality 
may  prohibit  the  sale  of  liquor,  except 
in  clubs,  and  a  majority  may  reduce  the 
number  of  bars  to  a  certain  maximum. — 
Large  gatherings  of  W.  C.  T.  U.  in  Wash- 
ington and  London  showed  by  the  grear 
petition  to  all  governments  for  prohibition, 
and  by  reports  from  all  lands,  that  the  na- 
tions of  the  old  world  were  increasingly, 
though    slowly,    recognizing    their    need    of 


248 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


total  abstinence  and  prohibition. — French 
Association  for  the  advancement  of  science 
this  year  raised  note  of  warning  against 
increasing  evils  of  "alcoholism"  in  that 
country. — Russia  recognized  evils  of  the 
liquor  trafific  by  a  law  to  make  it  gradually 
a  government  monopoly. 

Period    of    Local    Prohibition    by    Local 
Option. 

From  1896  to  1906,  by  mending  license 
laws  so  as  to  allow  local  option,  a  large 
part  of  the  lost  prohibition  territory  was 
recovered,  chiefly  in  small  cities  and  rural 
districts — Massachusetts  and  Ohio  (ithe 
latter  under  Anti-Saloon  leadership)  lead- 
ing in  these  local  "no  license"   movements. 

»1896.  Kentucky,  chief  whiskey  state,  en- 
acted local  option  (Bourbon  County  itself 
went  "dry,"  for  local  and  retail  sales.)  — 
IStaiiiless  Flag  movement  inaugurated  by 
Anti-Saloon  League  of  California.  Sunday 
before  4th  of  July  each  year,  to  be  ob- 
served all  over  United  States  as  "Stainless 
Flag  Sunday."  Flag  to  be  made  stainless 
by  substitution  of  prohibition  for  license 
laws  in  all  states.— British  Privy  Council 
decided  that  "the  entire  'prohibition  of  the 
manufacture,  sale  and  importation  of  liquor 
is  within  the  competence  of  the  Dominion 
Parliament  of  Canada,  and  in  its  com- 
petence alone."  A  serious  prohibition  of 
prohibition  in  provincial  legislatures. — The 
Voice,  leading  temperance  paper,  published 
a  symposium  of  forty-nine  American  rail- 
roads as  to  their  rules  on  drinking  of 
employees.  Of  these  twenty  required  total 
abstinence  of  employees,  on  or  ofif  duty; 
.two  declared  that  they  would  not  employ 
a  man  who  drank  if  they  were  aware  of 
the  fact;  nineteen  gave  preference  to  tee- 
totalers in  promotion ;  thirty  absolutely  for- 
bade the  frequenting  of  saloons  under  pen- 
alty of  dismissal.— International  Reform 
Bureau,  devoted  to  promotion  of  all  moral 
reforms  in  all  lands,  incorporated  in  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  by  W.  F.  Crafts,  J.  G.  Butler, 
F.  D.  Power,  and  others. — W.  C.  T.  U.  in- 
troduced in  Germany,  Iceland,  Belgium,  Ire- 
land, Turkey,  Panama,  Sweden. 

1897.  New  Anti-Opium  law  in  Japan. 
(Japan  had  for  a  long  period  prohibited 
opium  selling,  but  saw  in  China's  plight 
reason  for  making  a  stronger  law).  Im- 
portant article  in  new  law  is  the  following : 
"Opium  shall  be  sold  by  the  Government 
in  sealed  cases  and  only  for  medicinal  pur- 
poses."— W.  C.  T.  U.  introduced  in  Syria 
and  Armenia.  x 


1898.  Russian  Government  appointed 
commission  for  study  of  alcoholism,  which 
advised  "the  absolute  suppression  in  the 
Russian  Army  of  the  spirit  ration,  both  in 
peace  and  war." — Prohibition  plebiscite 
throughout  Canada;  278,380  for,  264,693 
against  prohibition.  (No  adequate  legisla- 
tion resulted.  It  was  the  old  story  of 
politicians  thwarting  moral  mandate  of  the 
people  as  often  in  U.  S.)  — W.  C.  T.  U. 
introduced  in  Ceylon  and  Syria. 

Period  of  crusade  against  opium  and 
LIQUORS  in  mission  FIELDS.  Although 
action  in  this  line  dates  back  to  Congo 
prohibition  in  1890,  the  crusade  was  not 
vigorously  undertaken  until  news  of  second 
Brussels  Conference,  of  1899,  reached  the 
United  States,  just  in  time  to  connect  with 
a  World's  Conference  of  Missions  in  New 
York  City,  1900,  to  whose  attention  it  was 
brought  by  ex-missionaries  Misses  Mary 
and  Margaret  W.  Leitch  in  co-operation 
with  the  International  Reform  Bureau. 

1899.  Second  Brussels  Conference  of 
Seventeen  Nations  met  to  consider  liquors 
in  Africa.  An  attempt  was  made  (after- 
wards shown  to  be  of  little  efifect)  to  keep 
the  liquors  away  from  the  savages  by 
raising  the  tax  to  a  point  theoretically  pro- 
hibitive— seventy  francs  per  hectoliter. — 
Secretary  of  the  Navy  Hon.  John  D.  Long 
pro:hibited  beer-selling  "canteens"  in  U.  S. 
ships,  naval  stations  and  navy  yards. — Later 
in  same  year  Congress  enacted  Johnson- 
Hansbrough  anti-canteen  amendment,  drawn 
by  International  Reform  Bureau,  as  fol- 
lows: "No  officer  or  private  soldier  shall 
be  detailed  to  sell  intoxicating  drinks,  as 
a  bartender  or  otherwise,  in  any  DOst  ex- 
change or  canteen,  nor  shall  any  other  per- 
son be  required  or  allowed  to  sell  such 
liquors  in  any  encampment  or  fort,  or  on 
any  premises  used  for  military  purposes  by 
the  United  States."  This  law  having  been 
partially  nullified  by  Attorney  General's 
interpretatioru,  another  anti-canteen  law, 
drawn  by  Anti-Saloon  League,  was  passed 
in  1901,  with  active  aid  of  the  Reform  Bu- 
reau and  W.  C.  T.  U.)— W.C.  T.  U.  intro- 
duced   in    Bermuda    and   British    lionduras. 

1900.  Active  crusade  begun  by  the  Inter- 
national Reform  Bureau  against  sale  of 
intoxicants  and  opium  to  uncivilized  people. 
— W.  C.  T.  U.  introduced  in  Porto  Rico 
and  West  Indies. — Order  from  Minister  of 
War  to  French  Army:  "I  have  decided  to 
forbid  absolutely  the  sale  of  alcohol  or  any 
other  liquor  of  which  alcohol  is  the  base, 
or  any  of  those  preparations  known  as 
tonics,  this  prohibition  to  extend  to  all 
canteens  both   in   the  barracks  and  on  the 


Temperance  Chronology  and  Chronological  Index. 


249 


exercise  grounds.  (Permitted  drinks,  sup- 
posed to  contain  no  alcohol,  were  named, 
including  wine  and  beer,  cider,  tea,  coffee, 
milk  and  chocolate.) 

1901.  Resolution  (drawn  by  International 
Reform  Bureau)  passed  U.  S.  Senate  on 
Jan.  4,  as  its  first  act  in  20th  Christian 
Century :  "Resolved,  That  in  the  opinion 
of  this  body  the  time  has  come  when  the 
principle,  twice  affirmed  in  international 
treaties  for  Central  Africa,  that  native 
races  should  be  protected  against  the  de- 
structive traffic  in  intoxicants,  should  be 
extended  to  all  uncivilized  peoples  by  the 
enactment  of  such  laws  and  the  inaking  of 
such  treaties  as  will  effectually  prohibit  the 
sale  by  the  signatory  powers  to  aboriginal 
tribes  and  uncivilized  races  of  opium  and 
intoxicating  beverages." — Japan  enacted 
law  forbidding  sale  of  tobacco  to  boys  and 
girls  under  twenty  years  and  to  ali  stu- 
dents up  to  secondary  (academic)  schools, 
inclusive.  Law  was  prompted  by  published 
reports  that  majority  of  American  militia 
could  not  pass  physical  examination  for 
Spanish  war  enlistment  on  account  of  "to- 
bacco heart."  Law  was  drawn  by  Hon. 
Sho  Nemoto. — Liquor  selling  in  Tutuila, 
Samoa,  suppressed  by  U.  S.  Navy  Depart- 
ment.— Hearing  before  U.  S.  State  Depart- 
ment (Hon.  John  Hay,  Secretary  of  State, 
acting  for  President  Theodore  Roosevelt) 
on  proposal  that  above  resolution  be  sent 
officially  to  other  civilized  nations.  As 
result,  British  Government  was  asked  (in 
vain)  to  join  us  in  initiating  proposed 
treaty.  (Proposal  was  seconded  by  Premier 
Deakin  of  Austr?Ma  and  by  public  meet- 
ings in  Canada,  bat  failed.) — New  Zealand 
prohibited  importation  of  opium,  also  South 
Africa. — W.   C.   T.    U.   introduced  in   Cuba. 

1902.  Thirty-three  missionary  societies, 
representing  nearly  all  U.  S.  Protestant 
evangelical  churches,  united  in  a  petition 
that  the  United  States  Government  would 
use  its  good  offices  with  the  British  Gov- 
ernment to  secure  a  release  of  China  from 
forced  toleration  of  the  opium  traffic.  (Com- 
mercial bodies  also  supported  proposal  in 
Baltimore,  Jacksonville,  Washington,  Pitts- 
burg, Rochester  and  New  York  City.)  — 
Prohibition  repealed  in  Vermont  and  about 
the  same  time  in  New  Hampshire. — U.  S. 
Congress  passed  law,  drawn  bv  International 
Reform  Bureau,  prohibiting  American 
traders  to  sell  intoxicating  liquors,  opium  or 
firearms  in  Pacific  islands  having  no  civil- 
ized government.  (Law  was  especially  de- 
sired by  Dr.  Jo.hn  G.  Paton  of  New 
Hebrides.) — Law   passed  by   Parliament   in 


England  forbidding  the  sale  of  intoxicating 
liquor  to  children  under  fourteen  years  of 
age  for  consumption  either  on  or  off  the 
premises,  excepting  in  corked  or  sealed  bot- 
tles of  not  less  than  a  pint;  and  also  for- 
bidding the  employment  of  such  children  by 
parents  or  other  persons  to  purchase 
liquors. 

1903.  Philippine  Government  forbidden 
by  cablegram  of  President  Roosevelt  to 
establish  an  opium  monopoly.  (This  action 
secured  by  eft'orts  of  Chinese  Board  of 
Trade  and  Missionary  Union  in  Manila,  and 
the  International  Reform  Bureau  in  the 
United  States.) — U.  S.  Congress  passed 
law,  drawn  by  International  Reform  Bureau, 
forbidding  sale  of  liquor  in  immigrant 
.stations — extended  to  National  Capitol. 

1904.  Opium  Committee  of  Philippine 
Government  sent  to  investigate  the  opium 
laws  of  Asia,  reported  that  revenue  and 
real  restriction  were  never  found  together. 
— Australia  and  South  Africa  prohibited  im- 
portation of  opium. — First  All-India  Tem- 
perance Conference. — Holland  enacted  liquor 
law  providing  that  in  cities  and  parishes  a 
license  can  be  issued  for  each  250  of  the 
population;  in  cities  with  10,000  to  50,000 
one  for  each  300;  and  in  larger  cities  not 
more  than  one  for  each  500  of  the  popula- 
tion. No  buildings  that  belong  to  provin- 
cial, city,  or  parish  governments  can  be 
used  for  liquor  trade.  It  is  prohibited  to 
sell  liquors  to  minors,  to  intoxicated  per- 
sons, to  soldiers  in  uniform ;  barmaids  also 
barred. 

1905.  Law  enacted  by  U.  S.  Congress, 
prohibiting  in  Philippines  sale  of  opium 
except  as  medicine,  to  take  effect  in  case 
of  Filipinos  at  once  and  in  case  of  China- 
men after  three  years. — Maine,  ever  leading 
the  temperance  movement,  enacted  this 
year  Sturgis  law  following — a  model  for 
other  states— to  compel  executive  officers  to 
execute  laws  on  morals  and  especially  as 
to  liquor  selling:  "Sheriffs  and  their  depu- 
ties and  county  attorneys  shall  diligently 
and  faithfully  inquire  into  all  violations  of 
law,  within  their  respective  counties,  and  in- 
stitute proceedings  in  case  of  violations  or 
supposed  violations  of  law,  and  particularly 
the  law  against  illegal  sale  of  intoxicating 
liquors,  and  the  keeping  of  drinking  houses 
and  tippling  shops,  gambling  houses  or 
places  and  houses  of  ill-fame,  either  by 
promptly  entering  a  complaint  before  a 
magistrate  and  executing  the  warrants  is- 
sued thereon,  or  by  furnishing  the  countv 
attorney  promptly  and   without  delay,   with 


250 


World  Book  of  Temperonce?\ 


the  names  of  alleged  offenders,  and  of  the 
witnesses.  Any  sheriff,  deputy  sheriff  or 
county  attorney,  who  shall  willfully  or  cor- 
ruptly refuse  or  neglect  to  perform  any  of 
the  duties  required  by  this  section,  shall 
be  punished  by  fine  not  exceeding  one  thou- 
sand dollars  or  by  imprisonment  not  exceed- 
ing one  year."  A  few  days  later  another 
law  provided  that  the  Governor  should  ap- 
point three  Commissioners,  with  an  office 
in  state  capitol,  to  enforce  the  laws  under 
the  following  provisions :  "2.  Said  commis- 
sioners shall  be  known  as  enforcement  com- 
missioners and  with  the  advice  and  under 
the  direction  of  the  Governor  shall  have, 
and  are  hereby  authorized  to  exercise  in 
any  part  of  the  state,  all  the  common  law 
and  statutory  powers  of  sheriffs  in  their  re- 
spective counties  in  the  enforcement  of  the 
law  against  the  manufacture  and  sale  of 
intoxicating  liquors.  3.  Said  commission 
shall  appoint  such  number  of  deputy  en- 
forcement commissioners  as  in  its  judgment 
may  be  necessary,  who  shall  have  the  same 
powers  as  are  given  said  commissioners  un- 
der the  preceding  section." 

1906.  British    Parliament   on    oMay  30 

REQUESTED       THE       GOVERNMENT       TO       "BrING 

Indo-China  opium  trade  to  a  speedy 
CLOSE." — ^Congress  passed  Humphries  Act 
(drawn  by  International  Reform  Bureau), 
requiring  International  Revenue  collectors 
to  furnish  copies  of  federal  liquor  tax  re- 
ceipts when  asked  for,  the  purpose  being  to 
prove  persons  whose  record  is  asked  are 
seWing  liquors  in  violation  of  law. — W.  C. 
T.  U.  introduced  in  Liberia  and  Fiji. 

Period    of    Revival    of    State- Wide    Pro- 
hibition. 

1907.  Georgia  enacted  state-wide  pro- 
hibition and  started  "wave"  that  swept  six 
states  into  prohibition  in  three  years.  The 
other  states  that  came  in  same  year  were 
Oklahoma  (constitutional)  and  Alabama 
(statutory).  [The  next  year  Mississippi 
(statutory)  and  North  Carolina  (constitu- 
tional) followed,  and  in  1909  Tennessee 
(statutory).  Oklahoma  law  went  into  effect 
in  1907,  Georgia  in  1908,  all  the  others  in 
1909,  during  which  year  Florida  Legisla- 
ture submitted  a  prohibition  amendment  to 
the  people  to  be  voted  on  in  Nov.,  1910. 
Two  other  parts  of  the  "wave  of  reform" 
were,  the  spread  of  local  prohibition  in  the 
Northern  States  and  the  increase  of  law 
enforcement  in  all  sections  of  the  country. 
It  was  estimated  that  in  1908  forty  mil- 
lions, in  a  total  of  ninety  millions  U.  S. 
population,  were  living  under  some  form 
of   prohibition.] — Illinois    legislature    passed 


law    providing    for    improved    local   option. 

South  Carolina  Repealed  State  Dis- 
pensary Law  (Government  ownership 
plan,  similar  to  Gothenburg  System)  and 
adopted  local  option. — Texas  enacted  a  tax 
of  $5,000  for  any  express  company  or  pub- 
lic carrier  shipping  C.  O.  D.  liquors  into 
"dry"  territory  of  that  state. 

1908.  High  tide  again  in  prohibitory  leg- 
islation.— iSeven  prohibition  states ;  twelve 
more  where  it  seemed  to  be  near;  and 
eight  where  it  was  expected  in  two  or 
three  years.  Seventy  prohibition  cities  in 
seventeen  states,  largest  of  which  were: 
Atlanta,  Ga.,  Worcester,  Mass.,  Birming- 
ham, Ala.,  Kansas  Cit}-,  Kans.,  Cambridge, 
Mass. — all  these  above  90,000  population. — 
U.  S.  Congress  by  conditioned  appropria- 
tions continued  exclusion  of  beer-selling 
canteens  from  public  homes  for  old  soldiers. 
— National  Council  called  in  Hungary  to 
deal  with  drink  traffic. — Committee  of  Rus- 
sian Duma  recommended  'local  prohibition 
for  Russia. 

1909.  Congress  International  Commission 
on  Opium  met  at  Shanghai,  see  p.  86.^ 
U.  S.  Senate,  that  nation  might  go  with 
clean  hands,  prohibited  opium  importation, 
except  for  medicines,  and  put  enforcement 
properly  in  charge  of  Department  of  Agri- 
culture, whose  Bureau  of  Chemistry  is 
equipped  for  that  work;  but  House  Ways 
and  Means  Committee  transferred  it  to 
Treasury,  which  was  thought  to  be  neither 
an  effective  or  final  assignment. — Tennessee 
joined  prohibition  column  and  Florida  sub' 
mitted  constitutional  amendment,  see  on 
1907. — 'Great  gains  of  "dry"  territory  early 
in  year  in  Massachusetts,  Ohio,  Indiana  and 
elsewhere.  Less  favorable  results  later  in  the 
year  seemed  to  sound  a  note  of  warning 
and  a  call  for  more  educational  work  to 
hold  victories  won  and  open  the  way  for 
others.  Another  warning  against  neglect- 
ing related  auxiliary  reforms  came  from 
the  legalizing  of  Sunday  base  ball  in  In- 
diana this  year  in  the  very  midst  of  such  a 
temperance  revival  as  put  Indiana  at  the 
head  of  the  local  option  states.  It  was 
carried  by  one  vote  over  Governor  Mar- 
shall's veto. — In  New  York  Legislature 
twenty-one  bills  calling  for  further  relaxa- 
tion of  Sunday  laws,  already  too  lax  ;  and 
eighteen  similar  bills  in  similar  case  in 
Massachusetts  sounded  a  loud  alarm  call 
for  the  defense  of  the  imperiled  Sabbath  as 
the  water  supply  of  the  reform  army.  No 
strenuous  moral  reform  can  win  except 
through  those  who  drink  deep  every  week 
at  the  divine  fountain  of  life. 


PROHIBITION 

MAP 

or  THE 

UNITED  STATES 


Unaer    ProMOHOr. 

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fltuxi  =  NhthVi'  rf  N#.L<c«Mi  M fitilnt  «•  Sb» 


Piy»arft  py  THC    DMinM    fiir.MAL     F.»n!!Tm      Ii  li.hm 


PROHIBITION    Mx\P    OF    UNITED    STATES    IN     I909. 

NO    LICENSE"    TESTED   IN    LARGEST   CITY   THAT   HAS   VOTED 

ITSELF   "DRY" 

(Worcester,  Mass.,  a  City  of  130,000  Population    Voted   Itself  "Dry"   Dec.   1907.   and 

Again  a   Year  Later.) 


These  statistics  are  for  the  full  year  of 
No-License,  from  May  1,  1908,  to  May  1, 
1909,  compared  with  the  twelve  months 
immediately   preceding. 

The  police  records  show  that  the  arrests 
for  drunkenness  numbered  3,924  for  the 
License  year  and  1,843,  less  than  half,  for 
the  No-License  year.  Arrests  for  assault 
and  battery  were :  License  382,  No- 
License  263 ;  larceny.  License  343,  No- 
License  25.5 ;  neglect  and  non-support, 
License  112,  No-License  87 ;  disturbing  the 
peace.   License  210,  No-License  109. 

At  the  city  hospital,  274  alcoholic  patients 
were  treated  during  the  License  year  and 
144  during  the  No-License  year.  Accord- 
ing to  the  Board  of  Health  records,  the 
deaths  from  alcoholism  in  the  entire  city 
were  30  under  License  and  6  under  No- 
License,  and  2  of  these  6  died  earlv  in 
May,  1908 — immediately  after  the  license 
regime. 


IS  Deaths  from  all  causes  during  the  licertse 
year  were  2,560,  while  the  total  fell  last 
year,  under  No-License,  to  2,120,  a  de- 
crease of   seventeen   per  cent. 

A  large  number  of  saloons  in  the 
city  remained  open  for  several  months  after 
the  No-License  regime  began,  under  the 
pretense  of  selling  "soft  drinks."  Many  of 
these  were  reported  to  be  sellino:  hard 
liquors  on  the  sly,  and  the  police  success- 
fully raided  several  of  them.  One  saloon- 
keeper was  sentenced  to  jail  for  three 
months,  and  was  obliged  to  serve  out  his 
term,  and, soon  after  that  incident  the  sa- 
loons, still  remaining  open,  began  to  close 
up.  After  the  voters  of  Worcester  decided 
a  second  time  for  No-License  the  doors  of 
the  old  saloons  closed  up  rapidly  and  about 
a  half  dozen  are  all  that  remain  open 
to-day.  Uno  beer  (one  per  cent,  alcohol) 
and  "soft  drinks"   are  dispensed. 

With  the   advent  of   the   second  year   of 


252 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


No-License,  there  was  but  one  druggist's 
license  granted  and  that  went  to  a  store 
which  had  made  the  smallest  number  of 
sales  during  the  first  year.  The  proprietor 
refused  to  accept  the  license. 

Worcester  is  pre-eminently  an  industrial 
city  and  the  effect  of  No-License  upon 
the  workingmen  is  consequently  of  first  im- 
portance. The  manufacturers,  with  very 
few  exceptions  came  out  strongly  for  No- 
License  at  the  second  municipal  election, 
claiming  publicly  that  the  absence  of  the 
saloon  had  meant  money  in  their  pockets 
through  better  workmanship  and  less  trouble 
with  drunken  employees.  Letters  were 
sent  out  to  the  leading  business  men  of  the 
city  requesting  an  opinion  of  the  effects  of 
No-License  as  they  had  seen  it.  Of  the 
replies  107  were  in  favor  of  continuance 
of  the  "Dry"  policy,  24  were  non-com- 
mittal and  14  were  opposed  to  No-License. 

Clinton  S.  Marshall,  general  manager  of 
the  local  plant  of  the  American  steel  and 
Wire  Co.,  the  largest  industrial  plant  in 
the  city,  employing  from  5,000  to  6,000 
men  said:  "For  the  first  six  months  of 
the  No-License  year  there  was  a  big  differ- 
ence in  our  shops.  The  men  were  sober 
and  there  were  very  few  discharges 
for  drunkenness.  I  do  not  know  of  any. 
But  for  the  last  six  months  we  have  been 
troubled  by  the  presence  of  a  number  of 
places  near  our  factories  selling  liquor  on 
the  sly,  and  I  fail  to  see  any  great  differ- 
ence from  License  times.  I  do  not  believe 
this  condition  is  permanent,  and  hope  to  see 
the  illegal  sales  stopped.  I  believe  that  a 
continuance  of  the  No-License  policy  will 
be  best  for  us." 

Georo-e  F.  Hutchins,  general  superintend- 
ent of  the  Crompton  &  Knowles  Loom 
Works,  the  second  largest  industry  and 
employing  about  2,500  men,  said :  "After 
a  full  year's  trial,  I  am  convinced  that  the 
men  in  our  shops  are  decidedly  better  off 
under  No-License." 

Frank  E.  Stimpson,  a  prominent  em- 
ployee of  the  same  company,  said :  "I 
know  that  the  number  of  discharges  for 
drunkenness  were  far  less  numerous  this 
year  than  formerlv.  I  can  recall  several 
cases  where  men  were  discharged  and  hired 
over  again  for  another  t— "il  several  times 
within  a  single  year.  Of  course,  these 
men  I  have  in  mind  have  not  been  with  us 
this  year,  but  it  is  a  noteworthy  fact  that 
we  have  not  been  troubled  with  that  kind 
of  help." 

Walter  M.  Soaulding,  vice-president  and 
secretary  of  the  Graton  &  Knight  Mfg.  Co., 
the  third  largest  industry  in  the  city,  em- 


ploying 2,000  men,  said;  "The  difference 
in  our  shop  during  No-License  year  has 
been  very  marked.  While  we  always  fol- 
lowed the  policy  of  discharging  men  wh&n 
they  reported  for  work  under  the  influence 
of  liquor  and  never  had  any  serious  trouble 
from  intemperance,  we  have  been  obliged 
to  discharge  but  very  few  men  during  the 
past  year.  About  six  months  ago,  half  way 
through  the  No-License  year,  our  men  or- 
ganized a  $1  club,  entirely  of  their  own 
volition.  Electing  a  treasurer,  they  began 
to  save  their  earnings  and  the  fund  soon 
grew  to  such  proportions  that  they  asked 
the  company  to  act  as  treasurer.  This  we 
do,  now  paying  interest  on  the  deposits. 
The  fund  now  totals  over  $3,000  and  among 
the  depositors  are  many  men  who  were 
always  destitute  in  years  when  the  saloons 
were  open.    No-License  has  been  profitable." 

George  I.  Alden,  of  the  Norton  Co.,  at 
Greendale,  employing  1,000  men,  said : 
"We  have  always  believed  in  No-License 
and  have  seen  to  it  that  no  licenses  were 
granted  in  Greendale  or  our  section  of  the 
city  when  the  city  was  under  License.  We 
have  no  trouble  with  our  men  on  account 
of  drunkenness  because  there  are  no  sa- 
loons anywhere  near  us.  If  the  city  goes 
License  again,  we  will  fight  to  keep  the 
saloons  out  of  this  section  of  the  city  just 
as  we  have  in  the  past." 

Merchants  of  the  city  generally  are 
reticent  and  little  has  been  heard  from 
them,  one  way  or  another.  Advocates  of 
License  claim  that  the  retail  stores  have 
lost  some  business  because  men  from  the 
surrounding  towns  took  their  trade  to 
places  where  a  glass  of  beer  was  procur- 
able. Supporters  of  No-License,  on  the 
other  hand,  claim  that  the  loss  of  business 
was  due  entirely  to  the  general  financial 
depression. 

The  grocers  and  provision  dealers  in 
the  city,  at  their  meeting  last  Fall,  while 
the  municipal  campaign  was  on,  voted  to 
support  the  No-License  cause,  issuing  a 
public  statement  to  the  effect  that  their 
business  was  practically  equal  to  that  of  the 
previous  year,  despite  the  depression,  and 
that  the  bills  of  the  working  people  were 
being  paid  more  promptly  than  ever  before. 
The  grocers  express  the  belief  that  the  poor 
man  has  brought  home  his  week's  wages 
and  allowed  the  house  wife  to  buy  food 
and  clothing.  The  small  grocers  through- 
out the  city  say  that  their  books  prove  that 
No-License  has  been  a  decided  benefit  to 
them.  The  larger  markets,  however,  claim 
to  have  lost  quite  heavily  in  the  restaurant 
and  saloon  trade. 


WHAT  EMINENT  MEN  SAY  OF  DRINK 

(Scientilic  Men,  6;  Bible,  207.) 


John  Adams,  62. 

Lord  Acton,  Supreme  Judge  of  Rome : 
"Nearly  all  the  crimes  of  Rome  originate 
in  wine." 

Dr.  C.  F.  Aked,  60. 

Judge  S.  R.  Artman,  95,  144. 

Lord  Bacon  :  "Wine  is  the  most  power- 
ful of  agents  for  exciting  and  inflaming 
the  passions."     (See  also  62.) 

George  W.  Bain  :  "While  you  have  the 
drink  you  have  the  drunkard." 

Sir  Charles  Beresford,  14. 

Sir  Henry  Campbell-Bannerman  : 
"Good  laws  rnay  not  always  make  good 
people,  but  good  people  always  ought  to 
make  good  laws.  The  man  who  upholds 
the  liquor  shop  must  be  a  little  lower  than 
the  liquor  shop,  or  he  could  not  do  it.  I 
believe  that  Temperance  is  the  real  key- 
stone, or  almost  the  cornerstone,  of  the 
edifice  of  the  prosperity  of  this  country." 

Sir  Thomas  Barlow,  157. 

Dr.  Samuel  Zane  Batten,  110. 

Ex-Senator  Henry  W.  Blair,  2,  24,  86, 
117. 

Bismarck  :    "Drink  stupefies  and  besots." 

Gen.  Wm.  Booth,  of  Salvation  Army : 
"Nine-tenths  of  our  poverty,  squalor,  vice 
and  crime  spring  from  this  poisonous  tap- 
root. Society,  by  its  habits,  customs  and 
laws,  has  greased  the  slope  down  which 
these  poor  creatures  slide  to  perdition." 

Chief  Justice  Bovill:  "Nine-tenths  of 
the  cases  to  be  tried  are  caused  by  drink." 

John  Bright:  "Drink  is  the  great  ob- 
stacle to  the  diffusion  of  education." 

Lord  Brougham  :  "Drink  is  the  mother 
of  want  and  the  nurse  of  crime." 

Phillips  Brooks:  "If  we  could  sweep 
intemperance  out  of  the  country  there 
would  hardly  be  poverty  enough  left  to 
give  healthy  exercise  to  the  charitable  im- 
pulses," 


Sir  Edward  Bulwer-Lytton,  89. 

Luther  Burbank,   155. 

_  John  Burns,  15,  84. 

Wm  Jennings  Bryan  :  "Let  the  am- 
bitious young  man  understand  that  he  is  in 
duty  bound  to  discard  everything  which  in 
the  least  weakens  his  strength,  and  under 
obligation  to  do  everything  that  in  any  de- 
gree increases  his  power  to  do  good.  Good 
habits,  therefore,  are  always  important,  and 
may  become  vitally  so.  He  can  well  afford 
to  leave  liquor  to  those  who  desire  to 
tickle  the  throat  or  to  please  the  appetite; 
it  will  be  no  help  to  him  in  his  effort  to 
advance  the  welfare  of  his  fellows.  He  can 
even  afford  to  put  into  books  what  others 
put  into  tobacco.  The  volumes  purchased 
will  adorn  his  shelves  for  a  lifetime,  while 
smoke  from  a  cigar  is  soon  lost  to  sight 
forever.  He  does  not  need  to  swear;  logic 
is  more  convincing  than  oaths." 

Andrew  Carnegie,  102,  149,  155,  193. 

Hon.  Joseph  Chamberlain  :  "No  sta- 
tistics are  needed  to  show  our  people  that 
temperance  reform  lies  at  the  bottom  of 
political,  social  and  moral  progress  of  Eng- 
land. Drink  is  the  curse  of  the  country;  it 
ruins  the  fortunes,  it  injures  the  health,  it 
destroys  the  lives  of  one  out  of  every  twenty 
of  our  population.  If  I  could  destroy  to- 
morrow the  desire  for  strong  drink  in  the 
people  of  England  what  changes  should  we 
see !_  We  should  see  our  taxes  reduced  by 
millions  sterling;  we  should  see  our  jails 
and  workhouses  empty;  we  should  see 
more  lives  saved  in  twelve  months  than  are 
consumed  in  a  century  of  bitter  and  sav- 
age war." 

Lord  Chesterfield,  62. 

Dr.  Adam  Clark  :  "If  you  swallow 
strong  drink  down,  the  devil  will  swal- 
low you  down." 

Father  J.  M.  Cleary,  124. 

H.    J.     COGGESHALL,    162. 

Chief  Justice  Coleridge,  Court  of  King's 
Bench :  "Nine-tenths  of  all  the  criminals 
that  come  before  the  court  are  made  crim- 
inals   by    the    saloon.     If    we   could    make 


254 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


England    sober,    we    could    shut    up    nine- 
tenths  of  her  prisons." 

Joseph  Cook  :  "The  apple  of  the  eye  of 
the  temperance  reform  is  the  fact  that  the 
liquor  traffic,  like  the  slave  trade  or  piracy, 
cannot  be  mended,  and  therefore  must  be 
actually  ended.  The  average  citizen  does 
not  as  yet  believe  this.  If  we  are  to  judge 
by  political  platforms,  our  great  historic 
parties  do  not  believe  it.  They  think  the 
liquor  traffic  can  be  'mended  by  license, 
high  or  low,  by  taxation,  state  partnerships, 
or  something  short  of  prohibition.  It  is 
an  evil  with  which  experience  has  proved 
that  there  can  be  no  successful  compromises. 
See  also  pp.  4,  63,  163,  243. 

Sir  Astley  Cooper  :  "I  consider  all  in- 
toxicating spirits  bad  spirits." 

COWPER,    62. 

Dr.  R.  T.  Davidson,  late  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury :  "I  am  myself  a  total  ab- 
stainer, because  I  believe  it  is  the  best 
and  most  effective  mode  of  bringing  about 
sobriety  in  the  community." 

Mrs.  E.  S.  Davis,  4,  37. 

Demosthenes  :  "To  drink  well  is  a  prop- 
erty meet  for  a  sponge,  but  not  for  a  man." 

Neal  Dow^,  114,   180,  237,  239. 

A.  E.  Dunning,  126. 

Thomas  A.  Edison,  93. 

President  C.  W.  Eliot,  134,  188. 

Epictetus  :  "Choose  rather  to  punish 
your  appetites  than  to  be  punished  by 
them." 

Judge  Erskine:  "Ninety-nine  crimes  out 
of  every  hundred  are  caused  by  drinking." 

Fielding,  62. 

Benjamin  Franklin  :  "Some  of  the  do- 
mestic evils  of  drunkenness  are,  houses 
without  windows,  gardens  without  fences, 
fields  without  tillage,  barns  without  roofs, 
children  without  clothing,  principles,  morals 
or  manners." 

W.  M.   Ferguson,  68. 

Senator  J.  H.  Gallinger.  121. 

Cardinal  Gibbons  :  "The  great  curse 
of  the  laboring  man  is  intemperance.  It 
has  brought  more  desolation  to  the  wage- 
earner  than  strikes  or  war  or  sickness  or 
death.  It  is  a  more  u.nrelenting  tyrant  than 
the  grasping  monopolist.  It  has  caused 
little  children  to  be  hungry  and  cold,  to 
grow    up    among    evil    associations,    to    be 


reared  without  the  knowledge  of  God.  It 
has  broken  up  more  homes  and  wrecked 
more  lives  than  any  other  cause  on  the 
face  of  the  earth." 

John  B.  Gough  :  "Drink  will  degrade, 
imbrute  and  damn  everything  that  is  noble, 
bright,  glorious  and  godlike  in  a  human 
being.  There  is  nothing  drink  will  not 
do  that  is  vile,  dastardly  and  sneaking.  I 
expect  to  my  dying  day  to  fight  the  drink 
with  every  lawful   weapon." 

Gladstone:  "The  ravages  of  drink  are 
greater  than  those  of  war,  pestilence  and 
famine  combined.  "     (See  also  p.  115.) 

Goldsmith,  62. 

John   B.   Gough,  236,   239. 

Horace  Greeley:  "To  sell  drink  for  a 
livelihood  is  bad  enough,  but  for  a  whole 
community  to  share  the  responsibility  and 
guilt  of  such  a  traffic  seems  a  worse  bar- 
gain than  that  of  Eve  and  Judas.  What 
temperance  men  demand  is  not  regulation 
of  the  liquor  traffic,  but  its  destruction; 
not  that  its  evils  be  circumscribed  or  veiled, 
but  that  they  be,  to  the  extent  of  the 
State's  ability,  utterly  eradicated."  (See 
also  53,  54.) 

Gov.  F.  S.  Hanley,  60. 

Ex-President  Benjamin  Harrison,  in 
address  as  honorary  Chairman  Ecumenical 
Missionary  Conference,  1900;  "Rum  and 
other  corrupting  agencies  come  in  with 
our  boasted  civilization,  and  the  feeble  races 
wither  before  the  hot  breath  of  the  white 
man's  vices.  The  great  nations  have  com- 
bined to  suppress  the  slave  trade.  Is  it 
too  much  to  ask  that  they  shall  combine 
to  prevent  the  sale  of  spirits  to  men  who 
less  than  our  children  have  acquired  the 
habits  of  self-restraint?  If  we  must  have 
'consumers'  let  us  give  them  an  innocent 
diet." 

Justice  Hawkins  :  "The  man  who  tries 
to  drown  his  sorrows  in  liquor  will  find 
they  can  swim.  The  Church  that  is  not 
making  war  on  the  liquor  traffic  is  not 
true  to  Jesils  Christ.  The  chains  of  habit 
are  often  too  small  to  be  felt  until  they  are 
too  large  to  be  broken.  Ninety  per  cent, 
of  the  crime  of  the  country  is  to  be  traced 
directly  to  drink." 

Rowl.\nd   Hill,   62. 

Homer,  30,  51. 

Dr.  H.  R.  II0PKIN.S,  21,  22. 


Temperance  Sayings  of  Eminent  Men  and  Biographical  Index.       2 


^JD 


Clinton   N.    Howard,   2. 
Mrs.   Mary  H.  Hunt,  2,  244. 

Victor  Hugo:  "The  traffic  is  a  thing 
that  destroys.  It  is  a  stone  of  ruin,  a 
flame  of  war,  a  beasf  of  prey,  a  scourge." 

Archbishop  Ireland:  "Wc  have  seen 
there  is  no  hope  of  improving,  in  any  shape 
or  form,  the  liquor  traffic.  There  is  noth- 
ing now  to  be  clone  but  to  wipe  it  out 
completely."  .  .  .  "The  great  cause 
of  social  crime  is  drink.  The  great  cause 
of  poverty  is  drink.  When  I  'hear  of  a 
family  broken  up  and  ask  the  cause — 
drink.  If  I  go  to  the  gallows  and  ask  its 
victim  the  cause,  the  answer — drink.  Then 
I  ask  myself  in  perfect  wonderment,  Why 
•do  not  men  put  a  stop  to  this  thing?"  (See 
also  p.  132.) 

President  Thomas  Jefferson  :  "The 
habit  of  intemperance  by  men  in  office  has 
occasioned  more  injury  to  the  public  and 
■more  trouble  to  me  than  all  other  causes ; 
and  were  I  to  commence  my  administration 
again,  the  first  question  I  would  ask  respect- 
ing a  candidate  for  office,  would  be,  'Does 
■he  use  ardent  spirits?'"     (See  also  p.  54.) 

Kant,    62. 

Archbishop  James   J.   Keane,  132. 

Mrs.   Mary  Clement  Leavitt,  17. 

Prince  Leopold:  "Drink — the  only  ter- 
rible enemy  whom  England  has  to  fear." 

President  Abraham  Lincoln,  54,  55, 
71,  83,   102,   130. 

Locke,  143. 

Hon.  John  D.  Long:  "Drink  is  the  dy- 
namite of  modern  civilization." 

Martin  Luther  (his  forecast  of  restrict- 
ive liquor  laws)  :  "Then  there  is  the  excess 
in  eating  and  drinking.  .  .  .  The  loss  of 
money  caused  by  it  is  not  the  worst ;  but  in 
its  train  come  murder,  adultery,  theft, 
blasphemy  and  all  vices.  The  temporal 
power  should  do  somctJiing  to  prevent  it" 
From  "Address  to  the  Nobility."  (See 
also  30.) 

William  McKinley,  54. 

Lord  Mansfield,  143. 

Cardinal  Manning,  2. 

Father  Mathew  :  "Let  no  man  tell  me 
that  he  is  safe  enough ;  that  he  has  no 
■occasion  to  take  the  pledge ;  that  he  is 
above  temptation.  There  is  not  one  strong 
enough    or   firm    enougih   to    resist    tempta- 


tion. No  one  is  so  strong  or  firm  that  he- 
may  not  fall.  I  have  seen  the  stars  of 
heaven  fall  and  the  cedars  of  Lebanon  laid 
low.  I  have  seen  the  proudest  boasters 
humbled  to  the  dust,  steeped  to  the  very 
lips  in  poverty  and  sunk  in  dishonored 
graves."      (See   also   234,    239.) 

John  Stuart  Mill:  "My  liberty  ends 
when  it  begins  to  involve  the  possibility  of 
ruin  to  my  neighbor." 

John  Milton,  62 

Mohammed,    30. 

D.  L.  Moody,  17. 

G.    Campbell   Morgan,  2. 

Charles  E.  Newlin,  143. 

Joseph    Parker,   136. 

Mark   Guy    Pearce, 

Wendel  Phillips  :  "In  America  the 
statute  book  rests  not  on  bayonets,  but  on 
the  hearts  of  the  people.  A  drunken  people 
can  never  be  the  basis  of  free  government." 

Jltdge  Platt,  143. 

Plautus  :  "There  is  a  great  fault  in 
wine.  It  first  trips  up  the  feet ;  it  is  a  cun- 
ning wrestler." 

Pliny,  30. 

Plutarch,   30. 

Terence  V.  Powderly,  109,  110,  1^. 

Prior,  62. 

Theodore  Roosevelt,  when  Police  Com- 
missioner: "The  liquor  business  tends  to 
produce  criminality  in  the  population  at 
large,  and  law  breaking  among  the  saloon- 
keepers themselves.  It  debauches  not  only 
the  body  social  but  the  body  politic  as 
well."      (See  also   54,   56,   71,  86,    129,  249.) 

Lord  Roseberry  :  "I  am  not  a  fanatic  in 
temperance  reform,  but  no  one  can  deny 
that  there  is  too  much  drink  in  this  coun- 
try, and  that  much  of  the  crime  and  much 
of  the  pauperism  and  almost  all  the  degra- 
dation prevalent  in  this  country  are  at- 
tributable to  the  curse  of  drink.  It  is 
becoming  too  great  a  power  in  the  State. 
I  go  so  far  as  to  say  this,  that  if  the  State 
does  not  soon  control  this  liquor  traffic,  the 
liquor  traffic  will  control  the  State." 

Archbishop   Ryan,   124. 

Lord   Shaftesbury:     "Impossible    to   re- 


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World  Book  of  Temperance. 


lieve  poverty  until  we  get  rid  of  the  curse 
of  drink." 

Shakespeare:  "Oh  thou  invisible  spirit 
of  wine,  if  thou  hast  no  name  to  be  known 
by,  let  us  call  thee  devil."  (See  also  29, 
62,   107.) 

Adam  Smith  :  "AM  labor  expended  in 
producing  strong  drink  is  utterly  unpro- 
ductive ;  it  adds  nothing  to  the  wealth  of 
the  community." 

Sydney   Smith,  19. 

Southey;  "That  beverage,  the  sin  of 
sins." 

Robert  E.  Speer  :  "The  saloon  is  damn- 
ing each  year  its  scores  of  thousands  of 
souls,  and  wrecking  its  thovisands  of 
homes.  No  church  should  allow  any  one 
who  is  in  it  to  hold  office.  No  Christian 
should  rent  property  for  any  purpose  con- 
nected with  the  curse,  as  saloon,  office,  or 
hotel  where  liquor  is  sold." 

Charles  H.   Sfurgeon,  19,  20,   59. 

Wm.  H.  Taft,  while  Secretary  of  War : 
"To  the  man  who  is  actively  engaged  in 
responsible  work,  who  must  have  at  his 
command  the  best  that  is  in  him,  at  its 
best — to  him  I  would,  with  all  the  em- 
phasis t^hat  I  possess,  advise  and  urge: 
Leave  drink  alone — absolutely.  If  it  were 
possible  to  eliminate  the  saloon  influence, 
you  could  reduce  the  corruption  attendant 
to  any  municipal  political  campaign  to  a 
minimum." 

T.  De  Witt  Talmage  :  "Compromise 
with  it!  You  had  better  compromise  with 
the  panther  in  his  jungle;  with  the  cyclone 
in  its  flight ;  with  an  Egyptian  plague  as 
it  blotches  an  empire ;  with  Apollyon,  for 
whom  this  evil  is  recruiting  officer,  quarter- 
master,   and   commander-in-chief." 

Sir  Frederick  Treves  :  "A  Church  silent 
■on  the  question  of  Temperance  discredits 
itself  as  much  as  a  Church  silent  on  the 
question  of  poverty.  There  is  a  great  de- 
sire on  the  part  of  men  to  be  'fit.'  A 
young"  man  cannot  be  fit  if  he  takes  alcohol. 
By  no  ossibility  can  he  want  it.  No  one 
who  is  young  can  want  alcohol  any  more 
than  he  can  want  strychnine." 

H.  C.  Trumbull,  18. 

Cardinal  Vaughan:  "The  lingering, 
lifelong  struggle  and  despair  of  countless 
women  with  drunken  husbands  are  enough 
to  rouse  all  women  to  curse  strong  drink. 


Public-houses  are  studded  over  the  most 
squalid  and  poorest  of  streets  and,  like  so 
many  vampires,  suck  the  life-blood  out  of 
the  bodies  of  the  poor." 

John  Wesley,  62,  80,  201. 

M.    Waldeck-Rosseau,    172. 

John  Wanamaker:  "The  man  who  will 
not  sign  a  temperance  pledge,  though  he 
does  not  need  it  himself,  to  help  a  weaker 
(brother,  is  not  as  much  of  a  man  as  he 
thinks  himself  to  be.  Christ  said :  'Deny 
yourselves.  Take  up  your  cross  and  fol- 
low me.'  There  is  no  need  to  be  drunk  to 
be  under  the  influence  of  wine.  The  man 
who  takes  only  a  little  and  will  not  give 
it  up  is  as  much  controlled  by  it  as  if  he 
were  a  habitual  drunkard." 

Dr.   Francis  Wayland,  233. 

John  G.  Whittier  :  "Of  the  right  and 
duty  of  prohibition  I  have  never  doubted." 

Frances  E.  Willard,  34. 

Henry  Wilson  :  "All  other  issues  be- 
fore the  American  people  dwindle  into 
insignificance  compared  with  those  involved 
in  the  temperance  issue." 

Bishop  Luther  B.  Wilson,  179. 

William  Wirt,  233. 

Hon.  William  Windom  :  "Considered  so- 
cially, fi.nancially,  politically  and  morally,  the 
licensed  liquor  traffic  is,  or  ought  to  be,  the 
overwhelming  issue  in  American  oolitics. 
The  destruction  of  this  iniquity  stands  inext. 
on  the  world's  calendar."     (See  also  53. 

Lord  Wolseley:  "Drink  kills  more  than 
all  our  newest  weapons  of  war." 

John  G.  Wooley  :  "  'Thou  shall  not  take 
the  name  of  the  Lord  thy  God  in  vain.' 
This  is  the  next  great  Commandment.  It 
relates  no  more  to  profane  swearing  than 
to  profane  praying  or  profane  preaching, 
or  profane  church  relations,  or  profane  vot- 
ing. Wherever,  alone  or  in  a  multitude, 
there  is  one  man  who  names  himself  a  son 
of  God,  he  must  amount  to  something." 
(See  also  46,  55.) 

Xenophon  :  "Temperance  means,  first, 
moderation  in  healthful  indulgence ;  and, 
secondly,  abstinence  from  things  danger- 
ous, as  the  use  of  intoxicating  wines. 
(Memor.  II,  i,  1.) 

Young,  62. 


PART  III 
BLACKBOARD  TEMPERANCE  LESSONS 

(From  four  volumes   of  "Blackboard    Teniperanoe   I.essons,"   by   Mrs.   W.    F.    Crafts,   by  per- 
mission of  the  publishers.  National   Temperance  Society,  N.   Y.) 


A   TEMPERANCE   KNIGHT. 


Do  not  make  the  mistake  of  thinking 
this  is  a  play  soldier.  He  is  "a  sure  enough 
one."  The  foe  he  is  trying  to  fight  is  tlie 
oldest,  the  strongest,  the  most  deceitful 
enemy   man   has   ever   known. 

Perhaps  you  will  wonder  that  a  boy 
should  hope  to  conquer  him.  Well,  strange 
as  it  may  seem,  if  the  boy  waits  until  he 
has  grown  to  be  a  man,  nine  chances  out 
of  ten  the  enemy  will  have  gained  such  a 
power  over  him  he  cannot  hope  to  do  any- 
thing. 

Let  us  have  a  talk  with  this  little  sol- 
dier about  his  armor.  But  first,  we  will 
ask  him  about  his  banner  with  the  strange 
device. 

Why   do   you   carry  such   a   banner? 

To  show  what  I  am  fighting  for. 

What  does   "prohibition"'  mean,  anyhow? 

It  means  law  against  the  whole  liquor 
business. 

What  a  happy,  happy  land  ours  would 
be  if  the  drink  were  not  here! 

Yes,  and  I  am  going  to  do  what  I  can  to 
make  it  happy  by  killing  old  King  Alcohol. 

Are  there   many  boys  like  you? 

Yes,  hundreds,  thousands  of  them;  you 
do  not  see  their  armor,  but  they  have  it 
on  all   the  same. 


What   is   the   good   of  your  hat? 

Oh,  that  is  my  helmet;  sometimes  I  call 
it  my  "thinking  cap."  God  says  to  me : 
"Whatsoever  things  are  true,  whatsoever 
things  are  honest,  whatsoever  things  are 
just,  whatsoever  things  are  pure,  whatso- 
ever things  are  lovely,  whatsoever  things 
are  of  good  report  think  on  these  things." 
That  is  why  I  think  about  prohibition,  for 
it  would  certainly  help  our  people  to  do 
things  honest,  just,  pure  and  lovely.  You 
see,  I  wear  this  helmet  down  over  my  own 
mouth  (it  has  a  chin  piece)  for  I  am  de- 
termined on  prohibition  for  myself  even 
while  I  am  fighting  to  get  it  for  other  peo- 
ple. I  suppose  you  notice  the  "eye  slits" 
in  -my  helmet.  Of  course,  I  must  have 
them,  for  I  want  to  see  how  the  battle  is 
going.  Notice  my  "neck  guard."  I  have 
heard  of  some  mean  men  who  once  tried 
to  force  some  beer  down  a  temperance 
boy's  throat.  They  did  not  see  that  he  wore 
a  "neck  guard"  and  they  could  not  make 
him  take  it.  Notice  my  "brassard"  and 
"vambraces"  ;  these  are  what  I  wear  on  my 
arms,  and  see  my  mail  gloves !  The  Bible 
says :  "Woe  unto  him  that  giveth  his 
neighbor  drink,  that  putteth  the  bottle  to 
him  and  maketh  him  drunken  also."  Do 
you  not  see  now  why  I  wear  this  part  of 
the  armor? 

What  have  you  got  to  tell  about  your 
coat? 

Oh,  that  is  my  "cuirass."  You  see,  if 
I  am  going  to  be  a  good  fighter  against 
King  Alcohol  I  must  guard  well  my 
stomach  and  liver  and  lungs  and  heart; 
just  let  King  Alcohol  get  a  thrust  in  any 
of  these  places  and  I  am  vanquished.  A 
little  lower  down  you  will  see  my  "waist 
piece."  King  Alcohol  has  killed  off  a  lot  of 
people  by  wounding  them  in  the  part  of  the 
body  which  I  have  covered  with  the  "waist 
piece." 

What  good  does  your  shield  do  you? 

Have  you  read  the  words  on  it?  No- 
body ever  asks  me  a  second  time  to  take 
a  drink  when  I  hold  that  up  before  them. 
That  is  the  way  I  declare  my  principles. 

We  don't  see  how  you  can  get  on  with 
those  iron  pants  and  knee  covers,  and  iron 
stockings,  too. 

I  couldn't  get  on  without  them ;  they, 
together  with  the   iron  shoes  that  I  wear, 


258 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


make  it  possible  for  me  to  keep  out  of  the 
company  of  winebibbers.  I  know  of  a  boy 
who  said :  "I  always  run  when  I  go  by 
saloons." 

We  would  like  to  join  your  company. 

Glad  to  have  you  ;  we  are  in  the  recruit- 
ing business. 

The  more  boys  that  join  the  better  it  will 
be  for  prohibition,  and  the  worse  it  will 
be  for  King  Alcohol.  We'll  conquer  him 
some  day,  if  we  do  not  lay  down  our 
armor.  (See  "Courage"  in  Topical  Index, 
281.) 


SATAN'S    SIEVE. 


GOOD  NAME, 

SELF-RESPECT, 

MORALITY, 

HEALTH, 

REASON, 

PROPERTY, 

FRIENDS. 

What  have  we  here?  A  sieve.  Have 
you  not  all  seen  a  sieve  used,  and  do  yoJ 
not  know  that  flour  or  meal  is  put  into  it, 
and  then  the  sieve  is  shaken  which  makes 
the  best  of  the  meal  go  through,  leaving 
everything  that  is  hard  and  worthless  m 
the  sieve  to  be  thrown  away?  Did  you  not 
know  all  of  this  before  I  told  you?  Which 
would  you  rather  have  after  the  sifting; 
the  contents  of  the  sieve  or  that  which 
had   passed   through? 

People  have  used  sieves  for  a  very  long 
time,  for  when  Jesus  was  living  in  this 
world  He  saw  sieves,  and  had  something 
to  sav  about  them. 

If  i  should  ask  you  to  tell  me  which  one 
of  Jesus'  apostles  was  always  the  first  to 
speak  or  to  do  anything,  you  would  tell 
me  Peter.  Peter  had  both  good  and  bad 
in  him.  One  day  when  Jesus  was  talking 
with  Peter  He  said:  "Simon,  Simon"  (his 
whole  name  was  Simon  Peter),  "Satan 
hath  desired  to  have  you  that  he  may  sift 
you  as  wheat."  Then  added  Jesus  lovingly: 
"But  I  have  prayed  for  thee,  that  thy  faith 
fail  not."  What. a  sifting  Satan  did  give  to 
Peter!  Satan  got  pretty  much  all  of  his 
badness  to  keep,  while  God  had  his  goodness 


separated  from  his  badness.  This  was  not 
what  Satan  wanted.  He  had  thought  that 
Peter's  badness  was  so  great  that  there 
would  be  little  or  no  goodness  left  for  the 
Lord.  Satan  is  still  at  this  sifting  of  peo- 
ple to-day.  I  believe  he  has  tried  to  sift 
you   and    me   a   great   many   times. 

I  should  call  a  drunkard  a  pretty  thor- 
oug'hly  sifted  man.  Sometimes  it  takes 
Satan  several  3'ears  to  do  his  work,  but 
there  are  some  men  he  can  sift  in  a  few 
weeks  or  months.  He  likes  best  to  begin 
with  the  boys  and  sift  them  slowly,  so  by 
the  time  they  are  young  men  there  is  little 
or  no  goodness  left  in  them,  but  oh !  such 
a  heap  of  wickedness  they  are.  What  has 
Satan  sifted  out  of  the  drunkard?  The 
second    picture   will   tell   you. 

"l    MADE    HIM    WHAT    HE    WAS. 

I  lent  him  his  first  dollar  and  set  him  up 
with  his  first  stock  of  liquors,  and  he  is 
now  worth  $10,000  or  $15,000."  This  is 
what  a  man  said  as  he  looked  on  the  dead 
body  of  a  saloon-keeper  who  had  been 
killed  by  falling  into  a  well  when  he  was 
drunk. 

The  wife  of  the  dead  man  looked  the 
other  full  in  the  face  and  shrieked  :  "You 
made  that  man  what  he  was — a  drunkard,  a 
bloat,  a  stench  in  the  nostrils  of  society, 
and  sent  him  headlong  into  eternity  and  a 
drunkard's  hell!     What  is  fifteen  thousand 


dollars     weighed    against    a     lost     soul,    a 
wasted  life,  a   wife,  a  widow,  and  children 
orphans  ?" 
The  man  turned  deadly  pale  and  left  the 

house  without   a   word. 

ARE*  YOU   GOING  TO  LET    SATAN   SIFT  YOU  ? 

He  will  try  to  do  it  with  the  sieve  of 
strong  drink. 

(See  Drunkenness  and  Intemperance  in 
Topical  Index,  281.) 

THE   DEVIL'S   TELEPHONE. 

There  are  some  things  we  have  seen  so 
often  we  think  we  know  all  about  them. 
Let  me  tell  you  something  about  the  spider's 


Blackboard  Temperance  Lessons. 


259 


web,  which  will  be  quite  new  to  you.  You 
all  know  what  a  telephone  is.  I  think  you 
have  each  and  every  one  talked  through  a 
telephone,  and  been  filled  with  wonder  and 
delight  that  you  can  carry  on  a  conversation 
with  people   so   far  from  you.     You  know 


quite  well  that  you  cannot  walk  up  to  a 
telephone  and  begin  to  talk  through  it,  but 
first  you  must  ring  up  "Central"  and  ask 
to  be  connected  with  the  wire  of  the  per- 
sons with  whom  you  wish  to  talk.  Thou- 
sands of  years  before  Mr.  Edison  or  Prof. 


made  a  buzz  on  one  of  the  threads  of  a 
web.  In  an  instant  the  spider  rushed  into 
Central,  and  then  out  on  the  line  which 
had  been  touched  by  the  tuning-fork,  and 
looked  about  apparently  in  dismay  not  to 
find  the  buzz. 

Here  is  another  picture  of  a  web,  not  a 
spider's  web,  however.  But,  instead,  it  is 
a  wine  and  brandy  web.  There  are  a  great 
many  such  webs  spread  in  our  land,  but 
this  particular  one  is  a  U.  S.  Government 
bonded  warehouse.  The  British  and  many 
other  governments  also  have  these  wine  and 
beer  webs.  Let  me  tell  you  that  it  is  so  big 
it  has  a  "Central"  that  covers  two  acres. 
A  country  boy  and  girl  will  know  just  how 
large  that  is,  but  city  folks  will  have  to  be 
told  that  two  acres  is  about  eight  city  blocks. 
The  man-spider  who  has  made  this  web  does 
not  dare  to  sell  one  bottle  of  his  wine  or 
brandy  without  calling  on  "Central."  the  U. 
S.  Collector  in  charge,  and  without  first 
paying  him  a  part  of  the  price  of  each 
bottle  or  cask. 

The  Government  pretends  that  by  de- 
manding a  share  in  the  profits  he  will  dis- 
courage the  business  !  How  the  man-spider 
laughs  at  this !  He  says,  "I  am  so  glad  to 
have  such  a  fine  partner,  one  who  seems 
to  make  my  business  so  respectable,  that 
I   am  willing  to  give  him  just  as  large  a 


Bell  invented  their  telephone  systems  the 
spider  had  his  telephone  system  in  perfect 
order.  You  see,  just  as  soon  as  a  silly 
little  fly  or  any  kind  of  insect  gets  caught 
Mr.  Spider  rushes  into  his  "Central"  to  find 
out  where  his  prisoner  is.  A  funny  story 
is  told  of  a  man  who  with  a  tuning-fork 


share  as  he  asks  for."  Of  course  the  man- 
spider  would  rather  have  possession  of  the 
"Central"  himself,  but  Uncle  Sam  wants 
to  keep  an  eye  out  so  that  he  will  not  get 
cheated,  so  he  insists  on  having  the  "Cen- 
tral" for  himself,  and  measuring  for  him- 
self all  the  liquor  that  is  made. 


26o 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


The  fact  is,  the  whole  liquor  business  is 
a  telephone  system,  with  the  Government 
at  "Central."  Let  the  name  which  is  given 
to  the  money  that  is  paid  as  tax  on  liquor, 
"internal  revenue."  be  called  "infernal 
revenue!" 

(See  Government  in  Topical  Index,  281.) 

TEMPERANCE    TENPINS. 

Have  you  ever  played  "tenpins?"  Yes? 
Then  ycu  know  all  about  what  fun  it  is 
to   knock  all   the  pins   down  at  once;  or 


out  of  the  way,  if  you  could,  before  they 
reached  you.  Here  is  a  kind  of  ten-pins 
that  are  all  the  while  knocking  folks  down. 
Don't  you  know  somebody  who  has  been 
knocked  down  by  them?  Somebody  who 
was  once  respectable,  well  clothed,  and  in 
good  business,  knocked  down  into  the 
gutter — nothing  but  a  dirty  beggar  in  a 
suit  of  rags?  A  colored  man  was  once 
praying  in  meeting  for  the  Lord  to  deliver 
him  from  "upsetting  sins."  Another  colored 
man  interrupted  him  by  saying :  "You  mean 


perhaps  you  know  how  it  feels  to  roll  the 
ball  and  not  knock  down  a  single  pin.  What 
hard  knocks   those   poor  tenpins   do   have ! 


&^setting  sins."  "No,  I  don't,"  was  the 
answer.  "I  am  praying  about  getting  drunk; 
surely  that's  an  upsetting  sin." 

Up  and  at  these  tenpins,  boys  and  girls, 
before  they  get  a  chance  at  you !  Here  are 
two  balls;  you  can  roll  at  them: 

How  can  you  use  these  balls?  Make  your- 
self and  your  friends  and  God  the  promise 
that  you  will  never  use  these  drinks.  That 
is  what  "total  abstinence"  means. 

The  way  to  use  the  other  ball,  "prohibi- 
tion," will  be  to  take  the  stand  that  all 
saloon-keepers   and   brewers   and    distillers 


They  get  their  heads  knocked  together  so 
hard  that  the  noise  can  be  heard  a  long 
way  off,  and  yet  they  are  not  a  bit  resent- 
ful; they  just  roll  over  and  fall  down  as 
a  matter  of  course.  But  you  have  no  mercy 
on  them,  for  they  are  no  sooner  down  than 
you  set  them  up  and  make  them  ready  to 
be  knocked  down  again.  What  if  those 
same  tenpins  should  say  some  day :  "It  is 
our  turn  now ;  you  have  had  your  play  long 
enough"?  And  then  if  they  should  all  march 
forward  at  once  and  fling  themselves  against 
you,  how  quickly  they  would  knock  you 
down!    It  would  be  wise  for  you   to  get 


should  be  made  to  go  out  of  the  business. 
Theirs  is  a  business  that  should  not  be 
allowed.  Do  you  know  how  many  thou- 
sands of  men  and  women  are  in  the  prisons 


Blackboard   Temperance  Lessons. 


261 


of  our  land,  brought  there  because  of 
liquor?  Let  us  do  all  we  can,  boys  and 
girls,  with  the  ball  of  prohibition,  to  knock 
down  the  bottles.  Here  are  two  old  crookod 
balls  that  you  should  beware  of  using,  be- 
cause they  have  never  been  known  to  knock 
down  the  "pins."  (See  words  on  balls  in 
Topical  Index,  281.) 

MILL    OR    STILL. 

The  stalk  of  corn  is  in  a  place  "betwixt 
two,"  the  mill  on  one  hand,  and  the  still 
on  the  other.  To  which  shall  it  give  its 
gold?  If  to  the  mill,  it  will  be  ground  into 
meal  and  lose  none  of  its  bright,  beautiful 
color;  it  will  look  like  golden  sand.  If 
to  the   still,  it  will  be  turned  into  a  liquid 


MILL,. 

Aleal. 

Happiness. 
Riches. 
Health. 
Strength. 
Life. 
USE. 


India  rubber.  You  would  not  be  afraid  to 
handle  the  eggs,  but  you  would  be  apt  to 
run  away  pretty  fast  if  you  should  sec  the 
"kind"  coming  out  of  them,  and  Mrs. 
Crocodile,  the  mother,  coming  up  out  of 
the  water  to  help  her  darlings  out  of  the 
nest.  The  little  crocodiles  might  not  just 
at  first  be  able  to  eat  you.  You  would  be 
rather  a  large  meal  for  them.  But  Mrs. 
Crocodile  could  swallow  you  whole,  and 
still  have  room  for  more  1  Sometimes 
there  are  sixty  little  ones  in  a  nest.  How 
many  boys  and  girls  such  a  brood  might 
swallow  in  one  year  after  they  had  grown 
large,  if  some  one  should  agree  to  furnish 
the  boys  and  girls  as  fast  as  they  could 
swallow  them ! 


STILL. 

Whiskey. 
Sorrow. 
Poverty. 
Sickness. 
Disease. 
Death. 
ABUSE. 


that  will  be  the  color  of  fire  and  burn  like 
it,  whiskey  or  brandy.  If  to  the  mill,  it 
will  give  happiness;  if  to  the  still,  there 
will  be  sorrow.  If  to  the  mill,  riches;  if 
to  the  still,  poverty.  If  to  the  mill,  health 
and  strength ;  if  to  the  still,  sickness  and 
disease.  If  to  the  mill,  life;  if  to  the  still, 
death. 

(See  pp.  37,  6;  also  "Poverty"  in  Topical 
Index,   281.) 

EGGS  TO  BE  CRUSHED. 

"All  things  come  from  the  egg,"  is  the 
motto  I  saw  painted  on  a  large  egg  one  day 
in  a  window  arranged  for  Easter.  But  snakes 
never  come  from  birds'  eggs,  or  birds  from 
snakes'  eggs.  "After  his  kind"  was  the 
wise  law  which  God  made  from  the  begin- 
ning. Have  you  ever  seen  crocodile  eggs? 
They  are  about  the  size  of  goose  eggs. 
They    have    no    shells,    but    are    soft    like 


One  thing  is  certain :  nothing  ever  comes 
from  crocodiles'  eggs  if  the  varan  finds 
them.  Considering  what  dangerous  things 
come  from  crocodiles'  eggs,  I  should  say 
that  the  varan  was  in  good  business.  Peo- 
ple mig'ht  even  do  the  same  thing  and  be 
well  employed.  I  hardly  think  I  should 
advise  them  to  take  the  varan's  way  of 
doing  it. 

You  say  there  are  no  crocodiles  near 
where  you  live,  and  so  destroying  croco- 
diles' eggs  is  something  you  cannot  do. 
That  may  be,  there  are  eggs  that  bring 
forth  things  far  more  evil  and  deadly  than 
crocodiles  that  you  can  help  to  destroy. 
I  will  take  them  one  by  one  out  of  the 
nest  and  show  them  to  you. 

Many  a  man  who  is  now  a  drunkard 
learned  to  love  strong  drink  by  taking  a 
glass  of  wine  at  the  dinner-table  when  he 
was  a  boy  or  by  seeing  his  father  and 
mother  take  it,  even  if  he  was  not  allowed 


262 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


to  do  it.  Do  you  not  think  it  would  be 
a  good  thing  to  have  a  temperance  pledge 
signed  by  all  the  members  of  the  family 
and  hung  up  in  the  dining-room,  and  one 
also  in  the  family  Bible  on  the  sitting-room 
table?  (See  p.  41.)  This  would  efifectively 
•crush  the  egg  that  is  sure  to  bring  forth 
terrible  evil  "after  his  kind." 

Here  is  another  egg  that  needs  to  be 
crushed.  Boys  and  girls  who  are  given 
brandy-sauce  to  eat  on  their  puddings,  and 
who  eat  mince  pies  and  plum  puddings 
with  brandy  in  them,  will  by  and  by  get 
such  a  taste  for  strong  drink  that  there  will 


be  "something  the  matter"  with  food  that 
does  not  have  the  cider,  wine,  or  brandy  in 
it.  Crush  this  egg  by  getting  the  cook  to 
sign  the  family  pledge. 

People  who  take  wine,  beer,  brandy,  etc., 
for  medicine  get  to  be  drunkards  before 
they  'know  it.  "It  will  make  you  fat" ; 
"It  will  give  you  strength" ;  "It  will  help 
your  food  to  digest,"  say  some  foolish  peo- 
ple. Doctors,  wiser  than  they,  say,  "Strong 
drink  should  never  be  taken  by  sick  people. 
It  kills  rather  than  cures."  (See  p.  6.)  You 
can  crush  this  egg  by  saying  to  the  doctor 
who  wants  you  to  take  strong  drink  for 
medicine,  "Please  give  me  something  else, 
■doctor." 

"Bandy  dops  (brandy  drops)  is  the 
bestest,"  said  a  little  boy  hardly  old  enough 


sin,  banded  themselves  together  into  what 
they  called  "The  Citizen's  League  for  the 
suppression  of  the  sale  of  liquor  to 
Minors."  They  made  up  their  minds  to 
crush  this  egg  in  their  city.  What  did 
they  do?  They  let  every  saloonkeeper 
know  that  there  was  a  law  against  selling 
strong  drink  to  children.  And  they  told 
them,  too,  that  if  they  went  on  doing  it 
they  should  be  shut  up  in  prison.  Then 
at  night  when  the  saloons  were  all  brightly 
lighted,  and  music  was  being  played,  the 
brave  men  of  that  league  would  go  into 
the  saloons  and  see  if  they  could  catch  any 
of  the  saloonkeepers  selling  strong  drink 
to  children,  or  to  young  men  not  yet  twenty- 
one  years'  old.  They  had  a  policeman 
with  them  to  arrest  4ny  saloonkeeper  they 
found  doing  it.  A  great  many  arrests  were 
.made,  and  so  by  and  by  the  saloonkeepers 
got  afraid  to  sell  strong  drink  to  young 
folks,  and  they  put  up  great  signs  in  their 
saloons  that  read  like  this  : 

"no   minors   allowed   here." 

"Minors,"  you  must  know,  means  every- 
body not  old  enough  to  be  called  men  and 
women. 

I  told  you  in  the  beginning  that  a  croco- 
dile's nest  sometimes  had  sixty  eggs  in  it. 
If  you  will  just  think  right  hard  about  it, 
you  can  find  more  than  the  five  eggs  I  have 
taken  out  of  the  nest  of  intemperance  to 
show  you  and  tell  you  about. 

Try  to  find  all  you  can,  and  do  what  you 
can  to  help   destroy  them. 

THE  TEMPERANCE  WAGON. 


to  find  his  way  to  the  candy  store,  and  not 
large  enough  to  be  seen  above  the  counter. 

Don't  crush  this  egg  with  your  teeth, 
.but  by  never  tasting  anything  that  has  wine 
or  brandy  in  it.  Children  can  learn  the  sad 
bad  lesson  of  liking  strong  drink  just  as 
well  by  taking  it  in  candy  as  in  glasses. 

In  one  city  some  brave  men  who  loved 
children  something  as  the  Lord  Jesus  loved 
children,  with  the  wish  to  save  them  from 


Who  wants  to  take  a  ride?  you  say  there 
are  no  horses!  Oh,  yes,  there  are!  They 
are  all  ready  to  be  hitched  in — two  of  the 
finest  horses  you  ever  saw.  Their  names 
are  "Total  Abstinence"  and  "Prohibition." 
You  can  call  them  "To"  and  "Pro"  for 
short.  They  are  of  the  finest  mettle,  they 
run  neck  and  neck,  and  were  never  known 


Blackboard  Temperance  Lessons. 


263 


to  lose  their  wind  or  have  the  heaves,  or 
to  founder.  What  about  check  reins?  No 
need  for  that  sort  of  a  thing;  "To"  and 
"Pro"  are  of  such  high  spirit,  they  hold 
up  their  heads  as  a  matter  of  course.  They 
are  never  "dow^n  in  the  mouth." 

Well,  where  is  the  temperance  wagon 
going,  and  who  are  going  to  be  the  pas- 
sengers, and  what  is  the  fare?  There  is 
going  to  be  the  jolliest  lot  of  folks  you 
ever  met.  Their  eyes  are  bright,  their 
cheeks  are  red,  for  they  have  not  spoiled 
their  health  with  whiskey.  They  will  take 
along  their  picnic  baskets,  and  not  a  brandy 
peach,  or  a  jar  of  rum  tutti-frutti,  or  a 
glass  of  wine  jelly  will  be  found  in  any  one 
of  them.  How  differently  their  merry 
laughter  will  sound  from  the  snickling, 
hoarse,  rattling  laughter  of  those  in  the 
rum  wagon  whom  they  will  be  sure  to  meet 
on  the  way.  They  will  meet  the  rum 
wagon  because  it  is  going  in  an  opposite 
direction.  The  Temperance  wagon  is  on 
its  way  to  Joytown,  while  the  rum  wagon 
is  bound  for  Woetown.  The  horses  at- 
tached to  the  rum  wagon  are  the  sorriest 
looking  pair  you  ever  saw.  If  their  skins 
were  not  so  tough  their  bones  would  cer- 
tainly come  through.  They  do  not  look  as 
though  they  had  life  enough  to  draw  a 
wagon,  but  they  occasionally  make  a  spurt 
in  the  way  of  a  tremendous  kicking  and 
racing. 

The  Temperance  wagon  is  going  to  Joy- 
town,  and  corner  lots  are  to  be  had  there 
just  by  taking  possession — not  a  cent  to 
pay.  In  Woetown  the  lots  are  all  high- 
priced,  and  not  a  desirable  one  among 
them ;  every  one  has  a  bad  outlook — in  fact, 
one  that  is  distressing — and,  besides,  one 
never  gets  through  paying  for  a  site  in 
Woetown. 

The  drive  to  Joytown  will  be  a  pleasant 
one,  neither  too  hot  nor  too  cold,  but  "just 
right"  all  of  the  way.  But  I  must  warn  you 
there  will  be  no  stops  along  the  way,  the 
Temperance  wagon  takes  only  through  pas- 
sengers. 

"What's  to  pay?"  The  fare  is  not  a 
matter  of  consequence.  Some  of  the  pas- 
sengers pay  large  sums  of  money,  but  any- 
body who  wishes  to  go  free  can  do  so.  The 
horn  is  blowing  for  the  start. 

TEMPERANCE  SAFETY  BICYCLE. 

'Girls  and  boys,  did  you  ever  hear  of  a 
temperance  "safety"?  I  never  did,  but  I 
am  going  to  invent  one  just  now.  It  shall 
have  two  wheels,  both  the  same  size,  not 
one  large  and  the  other  small  as  they 
used  to  be  in  the  old-fashioned  bicycle,  for 
one    wheel    of    the    temperance    bicycle    is 


just  as  important  as  the  other.  W^e  will 
call  the  front  wheel  "total  abstinence," 
and  the  hind  one  "prohibition." 

You  could  not  get  along  very  well  if  1 
your  "saifety"  had  only  one  wheel ;  still  I  have 
seen  people  doing  wonders  with  one  wheel. 
And,  too,  I  have  often  seen  folks  trying  to 
ride  a  temperance  bicycle  with  one  wheel, 
but  they  did  not  get  on  very  well ;  indeed, 
other  folks  thought  they  were  makinsr  fools 
of  themselves.  Their  front  wheel  was  all 
right,  for  they  said :  "We  are  total  abstain- 
ers ;  we  never  take  any  kind  of  strong 
drink,  not  even  cider  or  beer,"  but  the  hind 
wheel  was  missing  altogether  for  they  said : 
"Why,  yes,  let  us  tax  the  saloons  and  the 
whole  liquor  business,  and  get  all  the  money 


WILL    YOU    HAVE    A    SEAT.? 

out  of  it  we  can  to  pay  for  the  jails  and 
the  asylums  and  poorhouses  that  are  needed 
for  the  drunkards  and  the  drunkards'  fam- 
ilies." They  forget  that  the  saloons  make 
more  need  of  jails  and  poorhouses.  As 
for  me,  I  am  not  going  to  try  riding  on 
one   wheel ;  are  you  ? 

How  smoothly  and  beautifully  the  wheels 
of  your  "safety"  move  along  together  when 
you  are  keeping  them  in  line!  That  is  just 
the  way  total  abstinence  and  prohibition 
work  together  for  the  good  of  the  temper- 
ance cause.  What  a  time  there  is  on  elec- 
tion day  sometimes  when  good  temperance 
people  try  to  vote  "no  saloons."  The  rum 
folks  do  all  they  can  to  turn  the  temperance 
bicycle  over,  but  they  find  it  hard  to  do. 
That  is  because  the  owners  of  it  know  so 
well  how  to  steer  it.  They  have  one  hand 
on  what  God  says,  and  the  other  on  what 
science  says.  They  have  learned  in  the 
Bible  that  "strong  drink  is  raging,"  and 
that  there  is  no  place  in  heaven  for  tbe 
drunkard.  They  have  learned  in  books  of 
science  that  alcoholic  drinks  are  poison 
and   will   kill   the   body. 

You   will    find   the  temperance   bicycle   a 


264 


IVorld  Book  of  Temperance. 


"safety"  indeed  on  your  way  back  and  forth 
from  business ;  it  will  carry  you  safely  by 
all  temptations.  They  do  stand  up  bicycle 
racks  in  front  of  saloons,  but  the  temper- 
ance "safety"  cannot  be  gotten  into  one  of 
them ;   it  will  not  fit ! 

If  you  want  to  take  a  health  ride,  the 
temperance  "safety"  is  the  very  best  kind. 
Those  who  use  it  are  very  apt  to  be  long- 
lived,  and  really  they  do  not  have  to  pay  so 
much  for  life  insurance  as  those  who  never 
ride  on  it. 

You  may  sometimes  have  to  ride  alone, 
especially  when  you  go  to  a  large  party  or 


a  great  dinner,  where  there  is  wine,  but 
why  need  you  care?  Just  let  it  be  known 
that  you  never  get  down  off  your  wheel, 
and  you  will  be  respected  by  everybody, 
even  though  they  do  not  think  as  you  do ; 
but,  best  of  all,  you  will  have  your  own 
self-respect.  The  late  President  Garfield 
once  said  that  he  was  desirous  of  having  his 
friends  think  well  of  him,  but  there  was 
one  whose  good  opinion  he  valued  above 
all  others,  and  that  was  the  man  he  had 
to  live  with  and  die  with — himself.  A  man 
who  acts  so  that  he  can  resnect  himself 
is  pretty  sure  to  have  the  respect  of  others. 


ILLUSTRATED  BLACKBOARD  HINTS 


A  River  of  Sorrow. — Draw  on  the  black- 
board a  picture  of  China  and  the  river 
Hoang  Ho.  It  is  sometimes  called  "China's 
Sorrow,"  because  it  rises  into  such  terrible 
floods,  and  drowns  many  thousands  of 
people.  But  there  is  a  river  in  our  land  that 
might  well  be  called  "America's  Sorrow." 
(In  the  British  Empire  it  is  called  "Britain's 
Sorrow.")  Draw  an  outline  blackboard 
map  of  the  United  States,  and  a  serpent 
coiled  in  such  a  way  that  it  touches  every 
license  State,  its  head  in  New  Hampshire, 
its  tail  in  California.  It  is  the  River  of 
Intemperance.  The  Hoang  Ho  is  not  al- 
ways dangerous,  only  when  it  becomes  a 
flood,  but  the  River  of  Intemperance  is 
always  dangerous,  destroying  homes  and 
carrying  thousands  to  death  every  year. 
The  people  in  China  have  tried  to  mend  the 
banks  of  the  Hoang  Ho,  but  the  river  easily 
breaks  through.  So  some  people  think  they 
can  mend  the  banks  of  the  River  of  Intem- 
perance by  "moderation"  or  high  license  or 
government  ownership,  but  the  only  way  to 
stop  the  destroying  power  of  this  river  is 
to  drain  it  "dry"  by  total  abstinence  and 
prohibition. 

A  Losings  Bank. — Draw  a  picture  of  a 
child's  savings  bank.  Get  the  children  to 
tell  about  their  banks.  Draw  beside  the 
savings  bank  a  picture  of  a  liquor  bottle, 
call  it  "a  losings  bank."  Men  put  money 
into  it  when  they  spend  five  cents  for  beer, 
ten  cents  for  brandy  or  wine,  or  any  kind 
of  strong  drink.  They  put  time  into  the 
losings  bank  whenever  they  go  into  saloons. 
They  put  in  good  names  by  going  in  com- 
pany with  drunkards.  They  put  in  health, 
because  the  drinkin"-  of  liquor  leads  to  sick- 
ness. They  put  in  happiness,  because  strong 
drink  takes  away  happiness.  They 
put  in  heaven,  because  God  says  there  are 
ino  places  in  heaven  for  drunkards.    These 


should  be  written  in  the  losings  bank." 
An  Empty  Key  Ring. — Draw  or  show 
a  key  ring  with  not  a  key  on  it.  Call  it 
the  drunkard's  key  ring.  Contrast 
with  it  a  ring  full  of  keys — a  house  key, 
an  office  key,  a  desk  key,  a  safe  key,  a 
money-drawer  key,  a  watch  key.  The  drunk- 
ard had  to  sell  his  house,  and  so  he  lost 
his  door  key.  He  did  not  attend  to  his 
business,  and  so  had  to  give  up  his  .store 
key.  He  did  not  pay  his  bills,  and  so  his 
safe  key  and  his  money-drawer  key  had  to 
be  taken  away  from  him,  and  his  desk  key, 
too.  Then  he  sold  his  watch  to  buy  more 
liquor,  and  so  lost  his  watch  key. 

"Wing  and  Wing." — Draw  a  small  boat 
with  two  sails — one  on  the  right  and  the 
other  on  the  left.  Such  a  boat  is  called 
a  "wing  and  wing."  It  is  a  good  pattern 
for  a  temperance  boat.  One  wing  is  total 
abstinence  and  the  other  is  prohibition. 
Boys  and  girls  who  would  fly  swiftly  for 
temperance  must  be  "wing  and  wing," 
total  abstainers  themselves,  and  workers 
for  prohibition  to  put  the  liquor  away  from 
those  who  will  drink  as  long  as  liquor  is 
to  be  found  at  hand. 

Temperance  Shears. — Draw  a  large 
pair  of  shears  on  the  blackboard.  Call 
attention  to  the  blades,  the  rivet  and  the 
handles.  Talk  about  the  different  materials 
which  can  be  cut  with  shears.  The  tem- 
perance shears  have  two  blades  also — pro- 
hibition and  total  abstinence.  Write  these 
two  words  on  the  shears.  When  these  two 
things  work  together,  the  liquor  business 
must  be  cut  in  pieces.  But  to  work  well, 
the  blades  must  be  held  together  tightly  by 
the  rivet  of  prayer.  No  scissors  can  work 
of  themselves — somebody  must  work  them. 
All  who  want  to  make  this  a  better  world 
here  and  now  will  do  their  part  to  keep 
the  temperance  shears  going. 


LIQUOR  DEALERS'   CLAIMS  ANSWERED.* 


BY  E.   L.   TRANSEAU  AND    W.   F.   CRAFTS. 


Fiction:  "In  countries  where  most  beer 
is    consumed,  intemperance   is   rarest." 

Fact:  Belgium  has  the  largest  per 
capita  consumption  of  beer  of  any  coun- 
try of  Europe.  In  1897  the  Prime  Min- 
ister, M.  Le  Jeune,  said  publicly,  "With 
us  in  Belgium  alcohol  produces  frightful 
■ravages."  England  ranks  second  in  the 
consumption  of  beer,  and  her  drunkenness 
is  so  threatening  that  15,000  physicians  pe- 
titioned to  have  school  children  taught  the 
■dangers  of  alcoholic  drinks.  Germany 
stands  third  in  per  capita  consumption  of 
beer.  A  member  of  the  German  Reichstag 
'Said  recently  that  there  are  11,000  persons 
•in  the  hospitals  in  Germany  suffering  from 
'delirium  tremens.  In  1897,  over  14,000 
persons  were  sentenced  by  the  courts  to 
institutional    treatment    for   alcoholism.t 

Fiction:  "Beer  aids  digestion;  it  helps 
the  stomach  do  its  work."  Prof.  Chitten- 
den, Mendel,  Chase,  Barr  and  Campo  say 
not  (p.  75). 

Fiction:      "Beer  builds    up  nerve   tissue." 

Fact:  Dr.  W.  H.  Riley,  of  the  Colorado 
Sanitarium  says,  "It  has  been  well  known 
to  physicians  and  scientific  men  for  a  num- 
ber of  years  that  the  use  of  alcohol,  even 
in  moderate  quantities,  when  long  con- 
tinued, produces  various  diseases  of  the 
nervous  system,  such  as  paralysis,  insanity, 
apoplexy.  In  hundreds  and  even  thou- 
sands of  cases  of  those  who  have  been 
addicted  to  the  use  of  this  poison  for  any 
considerable  time,  severe  and  distinct  or- 
ganic changes  have  also  been  found  by 
post  mortem  examinations  in  the  brain  and 
•other  parts  of  the  nervous  system." 

Fiction:  "Beer  is  a  tonic  for  pale,  sickly 
people." 

Fact:  Dr.  Brunon,  of  Rouen,  presented 
to  the  Paris  Academy  of  Medicine  a  report 
containing  this  statement :  "A  child  of 
eighteen  months  died  of  liver  cirrhosis. 
His  mother  had  given  him  two  spoonfuls  of 
beer  a  day  since  he  was  six  months  old." 
This  is  but  one  among  many  cases  of  "pale, 
sickly  children"  whose  mothers  have 
"strengthened"  them  with  beer,  wine,  or 
"stout"  until  they  died  of  gin  drinker's 
liver. 


tLiquor  dealers  seek  to  prove  that  beer 
strengthens  body  and  mind  by  contrastinc: 
India  with  Germany,  bnt  let  them  show  how 
Canada  loses  by  the  least  per  capita  oon- 
snmption  of  any  Christian  commonwealth. 

♦This  matter  in  2-page  leaflet,  l.jc.  per 


Fiction:  "Beer  strengthens  and  ener- 
gizes the  whole  system." 

Fact:  Athletes  in  training  give  up  beer 
that  they  may  be  .strong,  and  insurance 
statistics  teach  that  it  should  be  given  up 
to   live   long., 

"Sandow's  Magazine,"  which  is  devoted 
•to  the  culture  of  physical  strength,  says: 
"Let  no  man  deceive  himself  about  alco- 
holic drinks.  The  man  who  drinks  brandy 
or  beer,  or  whiskey  or  wine,  ought  to  bear 
in  mind  that  these  drinks  do  not  give  him 
strength,  but  rather  dissipate  strength. 
There  are  a  great  many  people  who  believe 
that  a  moderate  use  of  alcohol  under  proper 
circumstances  conduces  to  health  and 
strength,  makes  good  flesh,  and  builds  up. 
Indulgence  in  these  drinks  should  be 
classed  as  dissipation.  They  squander 
strength.  They  do  not  give  strength  at 
all.  No  man  is  stronger  for  'having  taken 
a  glass  of  whiskey.  He  may  temporarily 
feel  stronger,  but  the  glass  of  whiskey  has 
deceived  him.  He  has  taken  from  his 
stock  of  vitality  at  an  exorbitant  interest." 

Fiction:  "A  tonic  for  invalids  and  con- 
valescents. Highly  recommended  by  lead- 
ing physicians." 

Fact:  The  physicians  of  Dorbirn,  Ger- 
man}^, who  are  entrusted  with  the  adminis- 
tration of  the  sick-fund  have  sent  out  a 
notice  that  hereafter  it  will  not  be  dispensed 
to  pay  for  alcoholic  drinks.  The  reason 
given  was,  "The  results  of  recent  scientific 
investigation  make  it  apparent  that  the  med- 
ical employment  of  alcohol  is  not  necessary. 
For  those  cases  in  which  it  has  formerly 
been  employed,  pharmacy  now  ofifers  medi- 
cines which  are  more  certain,  which  are 
cheaper  and  which  create  no  tendency  to 
misuse." 

Fiction:  "The  3^  per  cent,  of  alcohol  in 
beer  is  simply  a  mild  stimulant  without  in- 
jurious effects." 

Fact:  Prof.  Laitinen,  of  Helsingfors,  has 
proved  that  an  amount  of  alcohol  propor- 
tionate to  ^  pint  of  3]/^  per  cent,  beer  a 
day  for  a  grown  man  reduces  ability  in 
animals  to  resist  disease  and  injures  pro- 
geny. Prof.  Kraepelin,  of  Munich,  and 
others  found  that  the  so-called  "stimula- 
ting" effects  of  alcoholic  drinks  are  only 
the  beginning  of  the  deadening  effect  of 
alcohol  upon  the  nervous  system. 

Fiction:  "It  makes  rich,  red  blo^-i  Forty 
out  of  a  hundred  need  lager  for  anemia — 
100,   from  publishers  of  this  book  see  p.  1. 


266 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


thin,  pale  blood  and  lack  of  red  corpuscles." 

Fact:  Prof.  Laitinen's  experiments  in- 
cluded examination  of  the  blood  after 
amounts  of  alcohol  equal  to  >^  pint  of  beer 
a  day  for  a  grown  man.  He  found  that 
even  this  small  amount  had  a  bad  effect 
upon  the  red  blood  corpuscles.  Surgeons 
agree  that  beer  drinkers  are  dangerous 
subjects  for  operations,  for  their  blood  is 
in  such  unhealthful  condition  that  wounds 
do  not  heal  quickly. 

Fiction:  "Beer  is  a  food  drink  that  will 
build  you  up  and  keep  you  so." 

Fact:  Dr.  Herman  Popert,  a  celebrated 
jurist  of  Hamburg,  savs  of  beer-drinking 
Germany:  "Three  thousand,  three  hundred 
million  marks  is  the  tribute  which  enslaved 
Germany  must  now  pay  yearly  to  the  alco- 
hol capital.  And  what  does  the  alcohol  cap- 
ital give  us  in  return  for  this  tribute?  An 
increasing  number  of  criminals,  an  army  of 
sick  and  diseased,  a  depraved  future  gen- 
eration, a  horrible  deformity  of  the  popula- 
tion. One  needs  only  to  walk  through 
Munich,  which  lies  fast  in  the  fetters  oi 
the  brewer,  and  look  at  the  bloated  bodies 
and  faces."  Those  who  value  strength  and 
endurance  do  not  care  for  bodies  built  the 
way  the  beer  builds  them. 

Fiction:  "Beer  is  wholesome  like  milk, 
nutritious  like  bread,  and  more  easily  di- 
gested because  in  liquid  form." 

Fact:  A  large  factory  in  Germany  has 
made  a  practical  test  of  the  difference  be- 
tween beer  and  milk,  and  the  result  is  that 
the  beer  seller  no  longer  finds  it  profitable 
to  come  to  the  factory,  while  the  milk 
dealer  brings  more  milk  than  the  brewery 
wagon  formerly  brought  beer.  The  milk 
quenches  thirst,  refreshes  and  invigorates; 
the  beer  made  the  men  heavy  and  stupid 
and  tired.  Bread  is  ten  times  as  nutritious 
as  beer  and  contains  no  poison.  Beer  con- 
tains enough  alcohol  to  do  more  harm  than 
its  nutriment  can  do  good.  Beer  slows 
the  digestion  of  other  food  and  the  quicker 
the  alcohol  it  contains  passes  into  the  sys- 
tem the  worse  for  the  drinker,  for  poisons 
that  are  absorbed  quickly  give  the  system 
less  time  to  resist  them. 

Sophistry:  Jefferson  and  Jackson  and 
many  good  and  great  men  drank  beer,  and 
there  can  be  no  danger  in  following  them. 

Reply:  These  same  great  and  good  men 
saw  no  harm  in  slavery  and  the  lottery. 
"The  arrest  of  thought  had  not  come." 
Why  not  try  to  match  the  list  of  modern 
scientists,  statesmen  and  philanthropists 
who  condemn  beer  and  all  intoxicants, 
including  such  men  as  Lincoln,  Taft,  Car- 


negie, Eliot,  Treves,  Burns?  (See  pp.  6, 
253.) 

Sophistry:  A  score  of  the  United  States 
have  some  time  voted  for  prohibition,  and 
only  nine  now  have  prohibitory  laws. 

Reply:  Most  of  those  States  voted  just 
before  the  Civil  War,  and  never  really 
tried  prohibition  on  account  of  the  diver- 
sion of  moral  energy  to  the  anti-slavery 
crusade.  But  after  half  a  century  of 
American  experimenting,  there  is  more 
"dry"  territory  than  ever  before,  with  forty 
out  of  ninety  millions  of  population  under 
some  form  of  prohibition  in  1909. 

Sophistry:  Prohibition  does  not  check 
the  consumption  of  liquors,  for  the  per 
capita   consumption   has    steadily   increased. 

Reply:  This  seems  to  be  the  brewers' 
strongest  argument  but  will  not  bear  a 
moment's  test.  The  murder  rate  has  also 
increased.  Why  not  abolish  the  laws  pro- 
hibiting murder?  Drink  has  increased 
because  of  luxury  and  immigration,  and  for 
other  reasons,  but  would  certainly  have 
increased  faster  with  more  men  earning  a 
living  by  inducing  others  to  drink.  What 
prohibition  aims  to  do  is  to  remove  in- 
ducements to  drink.  Total  abstinence  be- 
longs in  the  realm  of  persuasion. 

Sophistry:  The  liquor  revenues  help  to 
keep  up  fine  schools. 

Reply:  To  this  plea  an  Irishman  re- 
plied :  "I'd  rather  my  boy  would  learn  his 
A  B  C  in  Heaven  than  read  Latin  in  hell." 

Sophistry:  Saloons  help  to  develop  self- 
control. 

Reply:  Jesus  taught  us  to  pray,  "Lead 
us  not  into  temptation."  There  are  tempta- 
tions enough  in  every  boy's  own  nature 
without  manufacturing  them  or  tolerating 
preventable    perils. 

Sophistry:  The  saloon  is  the  poor  man's 
club. 

Reply:  Here  is  the  picture  of  "the  aver- 
age saloon"  given  by  the  N.  Y.  Wine  and 
Spirit  Gazette,  August  25,  1902  : 

"The  saloon  as  conducted  is  a  nuis- 
ance and  a  loafing  place  for  the  idle  and 
vicious.  It  is  generally  on  a  prominent 
street,  and  is  usually  run  by  a  sport  who 
cares  only  for  the  almighty  dollar.  From 
this  resort  the  drunken  man  starts  reel- 
ing home.  At  this  resort  the  local  fights 
are  indulged  in.  It  is  a  stench  in  the 
nostrils  of  society  and  a  disgrace  to  the 
wine  and  spirit  trade." 

Anheuscr-Buscli  Brewing  Co.,  Geo.  Krunswich, 
V.-P.,  letter  Feb.  3,  1S8S:  High  lioense  has 
not  hurt  our  business.  In  our  opiaion  hisrh 
license  bars  out  prohibition  and  gives  the 
business   a  legal   standing." 


WHY  THE  CIGARETTE  EVIL  MUST  BE  COMBATED* 

BY    SCIENTIFIC    TEMPERANCK    FEDERATION. 


The    Effect    of    Tobacco    Smoke    Upon 
Very    Young    Animals. 

The  young  of  females  submitted  to  weak 
inhala.tions  of  tobacco  smoke  showed  dis- 
orders of  development.  The  weight  of  the 
body  was  less — 62  to  G4  grams  for  guinea- 
pigs  of  the  same  litter,  and  the  daily  in- 
crease of  2.7  grams  to  4  grams  in  place  of 
5.8  grams  in  the  weight.  In  is  not  unusual 
to  see  all  the  young  of  one  litter  die  at  the 
end  of  one  or  two  months.  Deficiency  of 
blood  corpuscles  is  the  rule.  If  one  places 
these  animals  themselves  in  an  atmosphere 
of  smoke  their  development  is  still  more 
abnormal. 

Inhalation  of  dense  smoke  hinders  the 
development  according  to  the  time  it  occurs 
after  birth.  For  a  long  time  after  all  inhala- 
tions have  ceased,  the  animals  remain  very 
incompletely  developed  and  are  in  a  state  of 
marked  inferiority,  compared  with  the  con- 
trol  [normal]   animals. 

With  weak  inhalations,  growth  makes 
better  progress,  but  the  increase  in  weight 
is  always  less  than  that  of  normal  animals. 
The  return  to  physiological  equilibrium  may 
be  completely  attained  some  months  after 
the  suppression  of  the  inhalation. — C.  FIcig. 

The  Physical  Effects  of  Cigarette  Smok- 
ing Upon  School  Boys. 

"I  have  tabulated  reports  of  the  condition 
of  nearly  2,500  cigarette-smoking  school 
boys,"  says  William  A.  McKeever,  profes- 
sor of  philosophy,  Kansas  State  Agricultural 
College,  "and  in  describing  them  physically 
my  informants  have  repeatedly  resorted  to 
the  use  of  such  epithets  as  'sallow,'  'sore- 
eyed,'  'puny.'  'squeaky-voiced,'  'sickly,' 
'short-winded,'  and  'extremely  nervous.' 
.  .  .  According  to  Dr.  Sims  Woodhead, 
professor  of  pathology  in  Cambridge  Uni- 
versity, cigarette  smoking  in  the  case  of  boys 
partly  paralyzes  the  nerve  cells  at  the  base 
of  the  brain  and  thus  interferes  with  the 
breathing  and  the  heart  action. 

The   Effect   Upon   the   Mental   Activity, 

"The  injurious  effects  of  smoking  upon  the 
boy's  mental  activities  are  very  marked. 
Of  the  many  hundreds  of  tabulated  cases  in 
my  possession,  several  of  the  very  youthful 

*Draw  a  row  of  doors  and  write  on  them  names  of  corporations  (over)  that  will  not  employ 
cisarette-smokers.  Apply,  with  stamp,  for  cigarette  doors  in  picture  leaflet  to  S.  S.  Times, 
Philadelphia. 


ones  have  been  reduced  almost  to  the  con- 
dition of  imbepiles.  Out  of  the  2,.'5.'56  who 
were  attending  public  school,  only  six  were 
reported  'bright  students.'  A  very  few, 
perhaps  ten,  were  'average,'  and  all  the 
remainder    were    'poor'    or    'worthless' 

Overmastering   Strength    of  the    Habit. 

"The  more  I  work  with  these  confirmed 
cases  of  cigarette  smokers,  the  more  I  am 
convinced  of  the  futility  of  attempting  a 
complete,  permanent  cure.  I  have  attempted 
personally  to  assist  hundreds  in  their  efforts 
to  quit,  and  have  met  with  many  failures. 
Hypnotism,  suggestion,  and  all  the  more 
ordinary  methods  have  been  resorted  to 
with  poor  results.  No  ordinary  youth  con- 
firmed in  the  habit  can  break  it  off  without 
the  help  of  some  very  strong  outside  in- 
fluence, and  then  the  struggle  will  be  a 
desperate  one.     .     .     ." 

The  Testimony  of  Teachers. 

"The  boy  who  is  addicted  to  the  use  of 
cigarettes,"  says  Martha  J.  Ridpath,  princ.'pal 
of  the  Greencastle,  Ind.,  High  School,  "is 
entirely  out  of  harmony  with  his  school  and 
all  of  its  purposes.  He  is  frequently  late, 
and  irregular  in  attendance.  He  is  rest- 
less and  must  be  excused  frequently.  He 
does  not  like  to  study  and  by  and  by  comes 
to  the  place  where  he  tells  the  truth  when 
he  says  he  cannot  study.  His  moral  sense 
becomes  so  perverted  that  no  dependence 
can  be  placed  upon  what  he  says.  He  does 
not  know  the  truth  from  a  falsehood.  His 
moral  standard  is  low  in  all  respects.  He 
will  turn  the  most  lofty  sentiment  to  vul- 
garity, and  the  most  beautiful  painting  to 
vileness.  He  is  slouchy  in  his  manner,  his 
clothing  and  his  talk.  There  is  a  point 
beyond  which  a  boy  may  not  be  saved." 

"I  do  not  believe  there  is  an  energy  more 
destructive  of  soul,  mind  and  body,  or  more 
subversive  of  good  morals,  than  the  cig- 
arette. The  fight  against  the  cigarette  is  a 
fight  for  civilization.  This  is  my  judgment 
as    an    educator." — Dr.    Frank    Gtmsatdus. 

The  Testimony  of  Physicians. 

Dr.  W.  O.  Lambly,  of  Cookshire,  Canada, 
says :    "The  effect  of  cigarette  smoking  on 


268 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


the  young  and  undeveloped  system  is  cer- 
tainly most  injurious,  not  only  affecting  the 
mucous  membrane  but  having  its  most 
injurious  effect  on  the  nerve  centres." 

Dr.  James  Stuart,  of  Prescott,  Canada, 
says :  "There  are  not  two  sides  to  the  sub- 
ject. Cigarette  smoking  is  a  pernicious  habit, 
injurious  to  mind,  body  and  soul." 

Dr.  John  Laing,  Dundas,  says :  "Ciga- 
rette smoking  by  boys  is  unredeemably  bad, 
both  in  present  effects,  physical  and  moral, 
and  in  consequences  sure  to  follow.'' 

Dr.  John  E.  McFadden,  professor  Knox 
College,  Montreal,  says:  "I  strongly  approve 
the  proposal  to  abolish,  if  possible  the  use 
of  the  cigarette  because  of  its  pernicious 
influence  directly  on  the  physical  and  indi- 
rectly on  the  mental  and  moral  nature  of 
the  boys." 

Firms  That  Will  Not  Employ  Cigarette 
Smokers. 

The  following  railroad  corporations,  large 
business  establishments  and  others  have 
refused  and  are  refusing  to  employ  young 
men  and  boys  who  use  cigarettes : 

Union  Pacific  Railroad. 
Lehigh  Valley  Railroad. 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  and  Pacific  Railroad. 
Georgia  Central  Railroad. 
Burlington  Railroad. 

New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  Rail- 
road. 
Pittsburg  &  Western  Railroad. 
Wisconsin  West  Superior  Railroad. 
United  States  Navy  and  Naval  Schools. 
United  States  Weather  Bureau. 
Chicago  Post  Office. 
Marshall  Field  &  Co.,  Chicago._ 
Carson,  Pierie  &  Scott  Co.,  Chicago. 
Heath  &  Milligan,  Chicago. 
Montgomery,  Ward  &  Co.,  Chicago. 
Swift  &  Co.,  Chicago. 
Morgan  &  Wright  Tire  Co.,  Chicago. 


Academy  Northwestern  University,  Chicago. 
Western    Union    Telegraph    Co.,    Message 

Service. 
Cumberland  Telephone  Co. 
Wanamaker's,  Philadelphia. 
Ayer's  Sarsaparilla  Co.,  Lowell,  Mass. 

At  a  conference  of  the  Chicago  Post 
Office  authorities,  held  to  consider  the  em- 
ployment of  over  700  boys  as  special  deliv- 
ery messengers,  it  was  provided  that  under 
no  circumstances  will  a  boy  who  smokes 
cigarettes  be  employed. 

The  Steps  in  Moral  Deterioration. 

George  W.  Stubbs,  Judge  of  Indianapolis 
(Ind.)  Juvenile  Court,  says  in  a  pamphlet 
containing  much  of  the  preceding  testi- 
mony : 

"The  cigarette  fiend  inhales  the  smoke  and 
expels  it  through  his  nostrils.  The  poison 
is  absorbed  and  finds  its  way  into  his  blood. 
A  boy  whose  bones  are  soft,  whose  nerves 
are  weak  and  whose  muscles  have  not  yet 
developed  becomes  addicted  to  the  use  of 
cigarettes  with  the  result  that  he  loses  his 
vigor,  his  whole  system  being  filled  with 
lassitude  somewhat  similar  to  the  effect  of 
morphine  or  cocaine  on  a  grown  person. 
Such  boy,  being  without  vitality,  loses  his 
ambition,  without  which  a  boy  never  amounts 
to  anything.  He  falls  behind  in  his  school 
work,  if  he  is  in  school,  with  the  result  that 
he  quits  school  too  soon;  he  loses  his  job 
if  he  is  put  to  work,  for  the  reason  that  he 
has  not  the  strength  or  vitality  to  do  the 
work  that  the  normal  boy  ought  easily  to  do. 
As  his  system  becomes  depleted  the  affec- 
tion reaches  his  heart  and  brain,  and  the 
baneful  effects  of  the  malady  soon  becomes 
apparent  to  all.  Such  a  boy  in  time  becomes 
?,  loafer.  Our  experience  has  been  that  such 
a  boy  learns  to  drink  and  swear  and  steal. 
Hj  won't  go  to  school  and  he  can't  work. 


1 


Prize    Speaking 

1.  Medal  contests  arc  valuable  in  help- 
ing to  educate  public  sentiment  on  the 
temperance  question.  Many  people  will 
come  to  a  church  or  a  hall  to  hear  young 
people  recite  strong  temperance  selections, 
who  would  never  go  to  hear  a  temperance 
lecture.  And  many  parents  will  go  to  hear 
their  own  boy  or  girl  speak  at  these  con- 
tests, who  would  not  even  go  to  hear  some 
other  person's  child  speak.  Thousands  of 
people  have  heard  their  first  temperance 
lecture  at  these  contests.  As  the  selections 
recited  are  taken  from  the  writings  of  the 


Medal    Contests. 

greatest  temperance  writers  and  speakers 
of  the  country,  the  audience  listens  to  the 
strongest  temperance  arguments  that  can 
be  produced. 

2.  These  contests  are  of  great  value  to 
those  w'ho  take  part.  With  many  of  the 
speakers  this  will  only  toe  a  beginning. 
These  exercises  will  awaken  in  their  young 
hearts  an  intense  desire  for  further  work 
in  temperance  lines.  They  will  be  heard 
from  in  future  years.  For  particulars  ad- 
dress Mrs.  A.  E.  Carmen,  696  IVinthrop 
Avenue,  Chicago,  III. 


FOODS  AS  TEMPERANCE  AUXILIARIES* 

Summer  and  Winter  Menus  for  Families  Living  on  $1.50  per  day. 
[From  Report  of  Committee  on  Social  Betterment,  Roosevelt  Homes  Commission.] 


In  our  sociological  study  of  families  in 
Washington  we  found  that  476  families, 
with  an  income  of  $500.00  or  less,  expended 
43.68%  of  their  annual  income  for  food ;  159 
families,  with  an  income  of  $500  to  $600, 
43.59% ;  153  families,  with  an  income  of 
$600  to  $700,  41.40%,  and  153  families, 
with  an  income  of  $700  to  $800,  40.21%  for 
food. 

The  question  of  food,  while  of  importance 
to  all  classes  in  its  relation  to  health  and 
efficiency,  is  of  special  significance  from 
an  economic  standpoint  m  families  with 
limited  means.  It  has  been  well  said  that 
"half  the  struggle  for  life  is  the  struggle 
for  food."  Many  of  the  problems  connected 
with  the  nutritive  value  of  farm  products 
and  other  foods,  the  preparation  of  food 
for  the  table,  the  digestibility,  palatability 
and  utilization  of  different  food  stuffs,  the 
hygienic  and  economic  aspect  of  the  ques- 
tion have  received  careful  attention  in  the 
nutrition  investigations  conducted  by  the 
Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  U.  S.  De- 
partment of  Agriculture.  It  may  be  truly 
said  that  these  investigations  have  been  a 
constant  source  of  information  and  in- 
spiration to  teachers  of  domestic  science 
in  public  schools  and  colleges  to  settlement 
workers,  persons  in  charge  of  charitable 
institutions,  and  others  interested  in  the 
social  betterment  of  their  less  resourceful 
neighbors.  The  work  is  of  the  utmost 
value,  and,  while  much  has  been  accom- 
plished, it  should  be  continued  in  the  in- 
terest of  home  economics  and  home  better- 
ment. 

It  has  been  found,  over  and  over  again, 
that  persons  of  limited  means  purchase 
food  containing  little  or  no  nutriment, 
or  select  needlessly  expensive  kinds  of 
food,  or  prepare  a  diet  altogether  too 
one-sided,  and  last,  but  not  least,  know 
little  or  nothing  about  the  art  of  cook- 
ing, and  thus  impair  not  only  the  nu- 
tritive value  of  the  food,  but  also  the 
digestive  functions  and  general  health 
AS  WELL.  In  order  to  give  housekeepers 
whose  income  is  $1.50  a  day  an  opportu- 
nity to  prepare  suitable  dishes  for  a  family 
of  six — 2  adults  and  4  children — Miss  E. 
M.  Cross,  of  the  McKinley  Manual  Train- 


ing School,  has  prepared  suitable  menus  for 
winter  and  summer  use  which  it  is  hoped 
will  stimulate  interest  in  the  subject.  Miss 
Cross  assures  me  that  she  has  verified  the 
market  prices  personally,  and  that  the  food 
can  be  purchased  at  the  figures  given.  For 
reasons  already  stated  butterine  may  very 
properly  replace  butter  in  families  with 
small  means,  and  for  hygienic  reasons 
bread  24  hours  old  is  really  superior  to 
fresh  bread.  The  writer  desires  to  em- 
phasize the  fact  that  beans,  peas  and  len- 
tils, containing,  as  they  do,  much  protein, 
can  replace  from  time  to  time  the  more 
expensive  meat  and  egg  ration.  The  nu- 
tritive value  of  skim  milk,  buttermilk  and 
cottage  cheese,  and  the  cheaper  fish  meats 
should  also  be  more  fully  appreciated.  To 
limit  the  expenditure  for  food,  with  an  in- 
come of  $1.50  to  an  average  of  75  cents 
a  day  for  a  whole  family,  is  no  small  under- 
taking and  requires  experience  and  judg- 
ment which  are  best  obtained  in  our  cook- 
ing schools.  It  is  sincerely  hoped  that 
every  girl  will  take  a  deep  interest  in  mat- 
ters of  cooking  and  domestic  economy. 
Every  housewife  should  supply  herself  with 
scales  and  follow  the  general  directions 
given  in  the  cooking  recipes  with  precision. 
All  the  quantities  given  are  for  a  family 
of  six,  and  reductions  are  made  accordingly, 
remembering  always  that  hard-working 
men  and  nursing  or  pregnant  women,  and 
convalescents  from  acute  diseases,  require 
a  more  liberal  diet.  If,  in  spite  of  good 
cooking,  there  should  be  evidence  in  any 
member  of  the  family  of  malnutrition  and 
impaired  health  it  will  be  well  to  consult 
a  physician.  Miss  Cross  is  entirely  respon- 
sible for  the  following  menus  and  cooking 
recipes  and  is  entitled  to  the  credit  for 
whatever  merit  they  possess. 

Menus   for   Winter   Months.* 

Monday:  Breakfast.— Cost  18  cents.     Hom- 
iny,   skim    milk,    creamed    hake,    toast. 


butter,   coffee. 
Protein,  28  grams. 


Energy,  1,053  calories. 


*Foi-  quantities  of  material  to  be  used  when 
not  given  in  cooljing  recipes,  see  p.  274. 


*Aiiy  comprehensive  study  of  the  drink  evil  must  include  a  study  of  food  as  well.  We  do 
not  approve  every  menu  nuoted.  especially  not  the  nork,  hut  with  the  information  given,  modi- 
fications may  he  made  without  loss  of  nutrition.  Write  Endeavor  World,  Boston,  for  free  hook- 
let,  "Health  and  Efficiency,"  on  "Fletcherism  in  Eating,"  by  Dr.  F.  E.  Clark. 


270 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


Dinner. — Cost  31  cents.  Irish  stew  with 
dumplings,  boiled  rice,  cold  slaw,  apple 
pie. 

Protein,  54  grams.      Energy,  1,711  calories. 

Supper. — Cost    23    cents.       Cottage    cheese, 

bread,  butter,  molasses,  tea. 
Protein,  13  grams.         Energy,  819  calories. 
Total  protein,  95  grams ;  total  energy,  3,583 

calories ;  total  cost,  72  cents. 

Tuesday:  Breakfast. — Cost  16  cents.  Rice 
cakes  (left  over  rice),  kidney  stew, 
entire  wheat  bread,  coffee. 

Protein,  44  grams.       Energy,  1,176  calories. 

Dinner. — Cost  71  cents.  Corned  beef,  boiled 
potatoes,  spinach,  tapioca  with  milk  and 
sugar. 

Protein,  28  grams.         Energy,  842  calories. 

Supper. — Cost  10  cents.     Fried   mush,   cold 

corned  beef,  bread,  butter,  tea. 
Protein,  29  grams.       Energy,  1,196  calories. 
Total    protein,     101    grams;     total     energy, 
3,214  calories ;  total   cost,  97  cents. 

Wednesday  :     Breakfast. — Cost     27     cents. 

Stewed      prunes,      meat      cakes,      corn 

bread,  butter,  coffee. 
Protein,  23  grams.         Energy,  771  calories. 

Dinner. — Cost  44  cents.  Split  pea  soup, 
braised  beef's  heart,  boiled  cabbage 
(corn  beef  liquor),  boiled  onions,  po- 
tatoes, apricot  roll,  vanilla  sauce. 

Protein,  56  grams.        Energy,  1,572  calories. 

Supper. — Cost  18  cents.     Corned  beef  hash, 

bread,  butter,  tea. 
Protein,  29  grams.     Energy.   1,002  calories. 
Total    protein,     108    grams ;     total    energy, 

3,345  calories;   total   cost,  89  cents. 

Thursday:  Breakfast. — Cost  19  cents. 
Rolled  wheat,  skim  milk,  Potomac  her- 
ring, corn  bread,  butter,  coffee. 

Protein,  26  grams.         Energy,  866  calories. 

Dinner. — Cost  29  cents.  Salt  pork,  potatoes, 
turnips,  escaroUe,  apple  butter,  short 
cake. 

Protein,  61  grams.       Energy,  1,530  calories. 

Supper. — Cost   26   cents.     Pigs'   feet,  potato 

cakes,  bread,  butter,  coffee. 
Protein,  23  grams.         Energy,  840  calories. 
Total    protein,    110    grams;    total    energy, 

3,236  calories;    total  cost,  74   cents. 

Menus    for    Summer    Months. 

Friday:  Breakfast. — Cost  26  cents.  Corn 
flakes,  skim  milk,  salt  water  trout,  corn 
dodgers,  coffee. 

Protein,  28  grams.        Energy,  896  calories. 


Dinner. — Cost  35  cents.  Stewed  tripe, 
boiled  potatoes ,  stewed  onions,  raw 
tomatoes,  bread,  rice  pudding. 

Protein,  37  grams.        Energy,  1,175  calories. 

Supper. — Cost  28  cents.  Beef  stew,  corn 
cakes,  butter,  stewed  apples,  tea. 

Protein,  41  grams.       Energy,  1,035  calories. 

Total  protein,  106  grams ;  total  energy,  3,106 
calories ;  total  cost,  89  cents. 

Saturday  :  Breakfast. — Cost  13  cents.   Fried 

tomatoes,  bacon,  bread,  butter,  coffee. 
Protein,  31  grams.       Energy,  1,054  calories. 

Dinner. — Cost  97  cents.  Boiled  leg  of  mut- 
ton, boiled  rice,  green  corn,  summer 
squash,    bread,    gingerbread. 

Protein,  32  grams.       Energy,  1,014  calories. 

Supper. — Cost  23  cents.  Cottage  cheese, 
baked  potatoes,  raw  onions,  bread, 
butter,   gingerbread,  tea. 

Protein,  25  grams.       Energy,  1,048  calories. 

Total  protein,  88  grams ;  total  energy,  3,116 
calories;  total  cost,  $1.23. 

Sunday:  Breakfast. — Cost  23  cents.  Boiled 
eggs,  Potomac  herring,  corn  bread, 
butter,  coffee. 

Protein,  35  grams.        Energy,  818  calories. 

Dinner. — Cost  19  cents.  Chartreuse  of 
mutton,  tomato  sauce,  boiled  potatoes, 
string  beans,  blackberries,  milk. 

Protein,  44  grams.       Energy,  1,187  calories. 

Slipper. — Cost  14  cents.  Rice  muffins, 
baked   tomatoes,  apple  butter,  coffee. 

Protein,  41  grams.        Energy,  1,066  calories. 

Total  protein,  120  grams ;  total  energy, 
3,101  calories ;  total  cost,  56  cents. 

Cooking  Recipes  for  Winter  Menus. 

Creamed  Hake.  After  freeing  two 
pounds  of  the  fish  from  bones  and  skin, 
flake  it,  then  cover  it  with  boiling  water : 
put  a  cover  on  the  pan  and  keep  it  on  the 
back  of  the  stove  for  ten  minutes.  Drain 
the  water  from  it,  then  pour  cream  sauce 
over  it  and  serve. 

Cream  Sauce.  2  T.*  butter,  2  T.  flour, 
1  C*  milk,  !/•  t.*  salt,  Y^  t.  pepper.  After 
melting  the  butter  over  steam,  or  on  a  cool 
part  of  the  stove,  add  the  flour  and  stir 
over  the  fire  for  one  minute.  Add  the  milk 
and  the  mixed  salt  and  pepper,  then  stir 
the  mixture  imtil  it  thickens,  after  which 
cook  over  steam  for  ten  minutes.  Serve 
while  hot. 

Irish  Stew  with  Dumplings.  1  lb.  beef 
(brisket),    1    slice    salt    pork,    1    onion,    4 

*T,  Tablespoonful ;  t,  Teaspoouful;  c,  Cupful. 


Food  as  Temperance  Auxiliaries. 


271 


potatoes.  Cut  the  meat  into  two-inch  pieces, 
then  dredge  them  with  ilour  and  brown 
them  all  over  in  the  pork  fat  with  the  sliced 
onion.  Cover  the  meat  and  onion  with  boil- 
ing water  and  let  the  mixture  cook  slowly 
on  the  back  of  the  stove.  In  the  meantime 
pare  and  dice  the  potatoes  and  boil  them 
for  ten  minutes,  then  drain  the  water  from 
them  and  add  them  to  the  stew  when  the 
meat  is  tender.  When  the  potatoes  are 
nearly  done,  put  in  the  dumplings,  pouring 
off  the  liquid,  if  necessary,  so  they  will  rest 
on  the  potatoes.  Keep  the  pan  closely  cov- 
ered and  let  the  stew  cook  for  ten  minutes. 
Take  out  the  dumplings,  season  the  stew 
with  salt  and  pepper  and  put  it  in  the  centre 
•of  a  platter,  then  place  the  dumplings  around 
the  edge. 

Dumplings.  1  pt.  flour,  Yz  t.  salt,  1  C. 
milk  (scant),  3  t.  baking  powder.  Make  a 
soft  dough  and  flatten  it  out  half  an  inch 
thick,  then  cut  into  small  rounds  or  mix 
softer  and  drop  by  the  spoonful  into  the 
'hot  stew. 

'  Cold  Slaw.  %  lb.  salt  pork,  4  T.  vine- 
gar, 1  onion  1  t.  salt,  ys  medium-sized  head 
of  cabbage.  Put  the  pork  into  a  pan  with 
half  a  cup  of  water;  let  it  boil  until  the 
water  evaporates,  then  cook  until  the  pork 
is  brown  and  crisp.  When  the  fat  is  cool 
add  it  to  the  rest  of  the  ingredients  and 
pour  the  mixture  over  the  thinly  sliced  cab- 
bage. 

*  Apple  Pie.  VA  C.  flour,  1  t.  salt,  8  T. 
•drippings,  about  ^  C.  ice  water.  After 
sifting  the  flour  and  salt  together  add  the 
shortening  and  mix  by  cutting  together 
with  a  knife,  add  the  water  slowly,  still 
mixing  with  a  knife,  until  a  dry,  crumbly 
paste  is  formed,  but  all  of  the  flour  is 
moistened.  Turn  this  out  on  a  board  with- 
out flour  and,  after  rolling  it  into  a  thin 
sheet,  turn  the  paste  around  the  roll  again. 
Continue  this  process  until  the  materials 
are  well  blended  and  the  paste  is  smooth. 
Keep  in  a  cool  place  until  it  is  quite  firm. 
It  is  better  kept  over  night. 

^  Roll  out  one-^half  of  the  paste  to  fit  the 
pie  pan,  cover  this  with  a  layer  of  apples 
which  have  been  cored,  pared  and  cut  into 
thin  slices  across  the  core.  Sprinkle  with 
sugar  and  little  cinnamon.  Continue  to 
put  in  these  layers  until  the  pan  is  full, 
■having  it  higher  in  the  centre  than  on  the 
sides.  Put  on  a  cover  of  pastry,  fasten 
the  edges  dov>^n,  then  trim  the  pie,  holding 
the  knife  well  under  the  plate.  Make  sev- 
eral openings  on  the  top  for  the  escape  of 
steam,  then  bake  it  in  a  moderately  hot 
oven  until  it  is  brown,  about  thirty  minutes. 


Remove    it    at    once    from    the    plate    and 
serve  either  hot  or  cold. 

Corn  Bread.  1  pt.  meal  1  t.  salt,  1  T. 
fat  from  bacon,  1  t.  soda,  1  pt.  sour  butter- 
milk. Pour  over  the  meal  enough  boiling 
water  to  scald  it.  The  meal  must  be  moist 
not  wet.  Add  the  shortening,  salt  and 
the  soda,  which  has  been  mixed  with  a  lit- 
tle cold  water.  Stir  this  until  it  is  thor- 
oughly mixed,  then  put  in  the  milk.  Bake 
it  in  a  quick  oven  in  shallow  pans  for  about 
forty-five  minutes.     Serve  at  once. 

Kidney  Stew.  Split  the  kidneys  length- 
wise in  halves  and  trim  off  every  bit  of 
sinew  and  fat  from  the  inside,  then  cut 
the  kidney  into  small  pieces.  Put  them 
in  a  saucepan  and  cover  them  with  cold 
water,  then  heat  the  water  until  it  is  nearly 
boiling.  Drain  this  water  off  and  cover 
the  kidneys  again  with  cold  water,  then 
heat  the  water  as  before.  Repeat  this,  thus 
making  three  treatments.  Be  careful  each 
time  that  the  water  does  not  boil  at  all  or 
the  kidneys  will  be  hard  and  tough.  Discard 
all  the  water.  Re-heat  the  kidney  in  a 
brown  sauce,  season  it  with  salt  and  pep- 
per and   serve   it. 

Brown  Sauce.  2  T.  butter,  2  T.  flour, 
1  C.  stock  or  water,  Y  t-  salt,  %  t.  pepper. 
After  browning  the  butter  add  to  it  the 
flour  and  brown  this  mixture,  then  add 
the  stock  or  water  and  stir  until  it  is  thick. 
Season  and  add  the  prepared  kidney.  Serve 
at  once. 

To  Boil  Corned  Beef.  Wash  the  meat 
well  and  put  it  on  in  cold  water.  Bring 
slowly  to  simmering  point  and  let  it  simmer 
thirty  minutes  for  every  pound  of  meat. 
If  the  meat  is  to  be  served  cold,  allow  it 
to  cool  in  the  liquor  in  which  it  was  boiled. 

Tapioca  with  Milk  and  Sugar.  Cover 
one  cup  of  flake  tapioca  with  cold  water 
and  let  stand  over  night.  In  the  morning 
drain  the  water  from  it  and  add  a  quart  of 
hot  water.  Cook  over  a  slow  fire  until  it 
is  quite  transparent,  t'hen  add  a  pinch  of 
salt  and  the  rind  and  juice  of  one  lemon. 
Pour  this  into  molds  which  have  been  wet 
with  water  and  keep  in  a  cool  place.  When 
firm  turn  them  out  on  a  platter  and  serve 
with   milk   and   sugar. 

Fried  Mush.  1  pt.  water,  1  t.  salt,  ^  C. 
yellow  meal,  1  egg.  Scatter  the  meal  slowly 
into  the  boiling  salted  water,  stirring  con- 
stantly, then  let  the  mixture  bubble  once 
or  twice.  Place  the  pan  over  hot  water 
and  let  it  cook  for  two  'hours,  after  which 
turn  the  mush  into  a  square  pan  and  keep 


2^2. 


World  Book  of  Temperance, 


in  a  cool  place  until  it  is  firm.  Cut  it  into 
slices,  half  an  inch  thick,  and  cover  them 
with  the  beaten  egg  which  has  been  mixed 
with  one  tablespoonful  of  cold  water.  Cook 
these  in  smoking  hot  fat  (enough  to  cover 
fhe  pieces)  until  they  are  a  golden  brown. 
Serve  at  once.  Note :  Two  saucepans 
may  be  used  for  cooking  the  mush, 
the  smaller  one  resting  on  a  piece 
of  wire  gauze  in  the  bottom  of  the  larger 
one,  which  contains  the  water.  The  fat 
used  is  made  from  the  small  pieces  of  fat 
meat  which  may  be  purchased  'from  the 
butdher  at  two  cents  per  pound.  The  fat 
is  strained  and  kept  in  a  cool  place  for 
future  use. 

Stewed  Prunes.  After  washing  one 
pound  of  prunes,  cover  them  with  cold 
water  and  let  them  stand  for  several  hours. 
Put  them  on  the  stove  in  the  same  water 
and  let  them  cook  slowly  until  a  straw  will 
go  through  them  easily.  Put  the  prunes  in 
a  dish,  sweeten  the  liquid,  let  it  boil  for 
two  minutes,  then  pour  it  over  the  prunes. 

Note  :  All  dried  fruits  should  be  soaked 
in  the  water  before  they  are  cooked. 

Meat  Cakes.  1  lb.  beef,  1  t.  salt,  Y?.  t. 
pepper.  Use  the  lower  part  of  the  round, 
which  may  be  purchased  in  some  markets 
for  six  cents  per  pound.  Grind  the  meat 
or  have  the  butcher  chop  it  with  a  cleaver 
until  it  is  quite  tine,  then  mix  the  season- 
ing with  it,  and  shape  it  into  small  cakes, 
having  the  edge  as  thick  as  the  centre.  Put 
enough  fat  in  a  hot  spider  to  keep  the 
meat  from  sticking  to  the  pan,  put  in  the 
cakes  and  shake  the  pan  over  the  fire  until 
they  are  brown  all  over.  Now  let  them 
cook  more  slowly,  allowing  seven  minutes 
if  they  are  an  inch  thick,  turning  them 
occasionally.  After  taking  out  the  cakes, 
put  into  the  pan  one  tablespoonful  of  drip- 
pings and  the  same  amount  of  flour,  stir  well, 
then  add  half  a  cup  of  cold  water  and  cook 
until  it  thickens.  Season  with  salt  and 
pepper  and  serve  with  meat  cakes. 

Split  Pea  Soup.  1  C.  split  peas,  6  pts. 
cold  water,  1  onion,  2-inch  cube  salt  pork, 
2  T.  dripoings,  2  T.  flour.  V/z  t.  salt,  ^  t. 
pepper.  After  picking  over  the  peas,  wash 
them  and  let  them  soak  in  cold  water  for 
five  or  six  hours.  Add  the  pork  and  onions 
■which  have  been  cut  into  small  pieces  and 
cooked  until  they  are  a  light  brown.  Let 
this  mixture  cook  slowly  for  about  four 
hours,  after  which  strain  it,  mix  the  fat 
with  the  flour  and  add  to  the  soup,  stirring 
■constantly  until  the  mixture  thickens,  then 
let  it  cook  for  ten  minutes.  Season  and 
serve  at  once. 


Braised  Beef's  Heart.  After  soaking 
the  heart  in  cold  water  for  three  hours,  re- 
move the  muscles  from  the  inside  and  the 
blood.  Make  a  forcemeat  of  one  cup  of  bread 
crumbs,  two  tablespoonfuls  of  drippings, 
one  tablespoonful  of  thyme,  one  tablespoon- 
ful of  chopped  celery  tops,  one  teaspoonful 
of  onion  iuice,  half  a  teaspoonful  of  salt, 
one-eighth  of  a  teaspoonful  of  pepper.  Mix 
and  stuff  the  heart.  Tie  it  together  with 
twine,  and  put  it  into  a  pan  which  has 
a  close-fitting  cover.  Add  enough  boiling 
water  to  half  cover  the  heart,  put  on  the 
lid  and  cook  in  a  moderately-heated  oven 
for  three  hours.  Brow  two  tablespoon- 
fuls of  fat,  add  two  tablespoonfuls  of  flour, 
and  when  well  mixed,  add  the  water  in 
which  the  heart  was  cooked.  Stir  until  it 
thickens,  season  with  salt  and  pepper.  Dish 
the  heart  and  pour  the  sauce  over  it,  then 
serve. 

Apricot  Roll.  2  C.  flour,  1/2  t.  salt,  ^ 
lb.  suet,  1  pt.  apricots.  Free  the  suet  from 
the  fibre  and  skin,  then  chop  it  fine 
or  press  it  through  a  wire  basket.  Mix 
this  with  the  flour  and  salt  and  add  grad- 
ually enough  cold  water  to  make  a  soft 
dough.  Roll  it  out  on  a  floured  board 
into  a  sheet  about  an  inch  thick,  spread 
the  apricots  thickly  over  the  dough,  roll 
it  up  and  tie  it  in  a  well-floured  cloth, 
leaving  plenty  of  room  for  it  to  swell.  Put 
it  into  a  pot  of  boiling  water  and  boil  for 
two  hours,  or  it  may  be  steamed  two  hours 
and  a  half.     Serve  hot  with  vanilla  sauce. 

Vanilla  Sauce.  2  T.  butter,  2  T.  corn- 
starch, ]/2  C.  sugar,  II/2  C.  water,  1 1.  vanilla. 
After  heating  the  butter  and  water  to  boil- 
ing point,  stir  in  the  mixed  cornstarch  and 
sugar.  Cook  the  mixture  for  ten  minutes, 
then  flavor  and  serve. 

Corned  Beef  Hash.  1  pt.  finely  chopped 
beef,  1  pt.  boiled  potatoes,  ^  t.  salt,  y%  t. 
pepper,  2  T.  fat. 

Cut  the  potatoes  into  small  pieces  and 
mix  them  with  the  rest  of  the  ingredients. 
Put  this  into  a  heated  spider,  add  enough 
hot  water  to  moisten  and  stir  until  the 
mixture  is  well  heated,  then  pack  it  closely 
in  the  pan,  cover  it  and  let  it  cook  until 
it  is  well  browned  on  the  bottom.  Turn 
it  out  on   a   platter  and   serve. 

Apple  Butter  Short  Cake.  1  pt.  flour, 
1  t.  salt,  3  T.  drippings,  2  t.  baking  powder, 
milk  or  water  (about  H  C.) 

Sift  the  flour  with  the  salt  and  baking 
powder,  then  add  the  fat  and  mix  well. 
Pour  in  the  water  slowly,  mixing  with  a 
knife  until  soft  dough  is  formed.     Turn  it 


Food  as   Tcuipcrance  Auxiliaries. 


2/3 


out  on  a  floured  board  and,  after  sur- 
rounding it  with  flour,  roll  it  into  a  thin 
sheet,  about  half  an  inch  thick.  Cut  it 
into  four-inch  sauares  and  bake  them  in 
a  quick  oven  until  they  are  a  light  brown, 
about  twenty  minutes.  Split  each  square 
and  put  the  apple  butter  between.  Serve 
w'hile  hot. 

Pigs'  Feet.  After  scraping  a  set  of  four 
of  the  feet,  soak  them  in  cold  water  for 
several  hours,  then  wash  and  scrub  them. 
Split  the  feet  and  put  them  on  in  cold 
water  and  let  them  simmer  until  tender. 
Put  them  in  an  earthen  jar,  season  with 
salt  and  pepper  and  pour  over  them  hot, 
spiced  vinegar.  They  will  be  ready  for 
use   the  next   day. 

Sficed  Vinegar.  Boil  for  one  minute 
a  half  pint  of  cider  vinegar,  12  whole 
cloves,  3  inches  of  cinnamon  bark  and  two 
bay  leaves. 

Potato-Cakes.  Mash  1  pt.  boiled  pota- 
toes, then  season  them  with  salt  and  pepper 
and  moisten  with  hot  milk.  Make  into 
cakes  and  brown  in  a  pan  with  a  small 
quantity   of   fat.      Serve   hot. 

Recipes  for  Summer  Menus. 

Corn  Dodgers.  2  C.  white  meal,  6  T. 
skim  milk,  2  T.  shortening,  1  t.  salt. 

After  scalding  the  meal  with  boiling 
water,  using  just  enough  to  moisten  the 
meal,  add  the  shortening  and  stir  until  it  is 
well  mixed,  then  put  in  the  salt  and  milk. 
Put  the  mixture  by  spoonfuls  in  a  large 
baking  pan,  flatten  into  small  cakes  and 
keep  them  separate.  Bake  in  a  moderately 
heated  oven  until  brown  on  both  sides, 
then   serve. 

Stewed  Tripe.  2  lbs.  boiled  tripe,  2  oz. 
salt  pork  (ham  may  be  used),  ^  medium- 
sized  onion,  1  T.  c'hopped  parsley,  I  bay 
leaf,  2  T.  flour,  1  pt.  mi'ik,  1  t.  salt,  ]/?,  t. 
pepper. 

Cut  the  tripe  into  pieces  about  an  inch 
and  a  half  long  and  a  half  inch  wide.  Dice 
the  pork  and  put  in  a  pan  with  the  sliced 
■onion  and  the  bay  leaf.  Stir  over  the  fire 
until  quite  brown,  then  add  the  flour,  when 
well  mixed  add  the  milk.  Stir  this  until  it 
is  as  thick  as  ordinary  cream,  after  which 
put  in  the  salt,  pepper  and  the  tripe,  and 
keep  over  a  very  moderate  fire  for  five 
minutes.  Add  the  parsley  and  serve  at 
once. 

Rice  Pudding.     Yz   C.   rice,  >^   C.  sugar, 
1  pinch  of  salt,  1  qt.  of  milk. 
After  washing  the  rice  thoroughly,  let  it 


soak  in  the  milk  for  half  an  hour,  after 
which  add  the  salt  and  sugar.  Pour  the 
mixture  into  a  deep  pan,  cover  it  and  let  it 
bake  about  two  hours,  slowly  at  first,  until 
the  rice  has  softened  and  thickened  the 
milk,  then  let  it  brown  slightly.  This  may 
be   served  hot  or   cold. 

Beef  Stew,  l  lb.  plate  or  brisket,  4 
potatoes,  1  t.  salt,  1  carrot,  1  T.  fat,  1  T. 
flour,  ^  t.  pepper. 

Cleanse  the  meat  by  wiping  it  with  a 
damp  cloth  or  by  scraping  it  with  the 
back  of  the  knife.  Cut  it  into  pieces  about 
two  inches  square,  and  put  it  into  a  sauce- 
pan with  the  bones  and  sliced  carrot. 
Pour  over  this  enough  boiling  water  to 
cover  well,  about  a  pint  and  a  half,  and 
let  it  simmer  until  the  meat  is  tender,  then 
add  the  diced  and  parboiled  potatoes.  When 
the  potatoes  are  done  thin  the  mixed  fat 
and  flour  with  a  little  of  the  hot  liquor 
from  the  stew,  and  after  pouring  it  into 
the  stew  stir  it  until  it  thickens  slightly. 
Cook  a  few  minutes  longer,  then  remove 
the  bones,   season   and   serve. 

Corn  Cakes.  1  pt.  meal,  >^  C.  flour,  1 
pt.  sour  buttermilk,  1^/2  t.  soda,  1  T.  fat,  1 
egg,   1   t.   salt. 

Scald  the  meal  with  sufficient  boiling 
water  to  moisten,  then  put  in  the  fat  and 
stir  until  well  mixed.  When  this  is  cool 
add  the  salt,  flour  and  the  buttermilk.  Stir 
in  the  beaten  egg  and  the  soda,  which  is 
mixed  with  a  little  cold  water.  Bake  in 
small  cakes  on  a  lightly  greased  hot 
griddle. 

Gingerbread.  1  C.  molasses,  ^  C.  drip- 
pings, 1  t.  soda,  1/2  t.  salt,  1  C.  soui  but- 
ter milk,  1  T.  ginger,  3  C.  flour,  1  t.  cin- 
namon, 3^  t.  allspice. 

After  mixing  the  salt  and  spices  with 
the  molasses  add  the  fat,  after  which  add 
flour  and  buttermilk  alternately,  then  beat 
until  perfectly  smooth.  Stir  in  the  soda 
which  is  mixed  with  a  little  cold  water 
and  partly  fill  greased  gem  pans  with  the 
batter.  Bake  in  a  moderately  hot  oven 
about  thirty  minutes  or  until  the  cakes  are 
a   light  brown. 

Chartreuse  of  Mutton.  1  C.  cooked 
chopped  mutton,  1  t.  c'hopped  parsley,  J/2 
t.  onion  juice,  1  t.  lemon  juice,  Y^  t.  salt, 
2  T.  butter,  1  C.  stock  or  water,  2  T.  flour, 
little  cayenne. 

Make  sauce  as  directed  for  cream  sauce, 
then  add  the  rest  of  the  ingredients  and 
mix  thoroughly.  Line  a  greased  mold  with 
hot  boiled  or  steamed  rice,  having  the 
layer  about  half  an  inch  thick,  then  fill  the 


274 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


centre  with  the  mutton  mixture  and  cover 
the  top  evenly  with  rice.  Steam  forty-five 
minutes,  then  turn  from  the  mold  and 
serve  with  tomato  sauce.  The  greased 
mold  may  be  coated  with  bread  crumbs, 
then  lined  with  mashed  potatoes  and,  after 
filling  wit'h  the  mutton,  covered  with  po- 
tato.    Bake. 

Tomato  Sauce.  2  T.  drippings,  1  C. 
strained  tomatoes,  2  T.  flour,  14  t.  salt,  %  t. 
pepper. 

After  melting  the  fat  add  the  flour  and 
cook  for  one  minute,  then  add  the  strained 
tomatoes,  the  salt  and  the  pepper.  Stir 
until  it  thickens,  then  serve. 

Scrapple.  4  pts.  water  in  which  the 
lamb  was  cooked,  1  lb.  scrap  meat,  3  t. 
salt,  1  t.  thyme,  1  t.  sweet  marjoram,  1  pt. 
meal,  %  t.  pepper. 

After  cleansing  the  meat,  by  wiping  it 
with  a  damp  cloth,  cut  it  into  small  pieces 
and  cook  it  slowly  in  the  mutton  broth 
until  it  will  easily  separate.  See  that  there 
is  one  quart  of  the  liquid  and  that  the  meat 
is  in  very  small  pieces.  Season  the  mix- 
ture of  water  and  meat,  put  it  on  the  stove 
and,  when  it  reaches  boiling  point,  stir 
in  the  meal.  Cook  over  hot  water  for  two 
hours,  then  add  the  thyme  and  morjoram 
and,  when  well  mixed,  turn  it  into  square 
pans  and  stand  away  to  cool.  When  this  is 
firm  cut  it  into  slices  and  brown  in  a  little 
fat. 

Rice  Muffins.  2%  C.  flour,  1  C. 
milk,  ^  C.  hot  rice,  1  egg,  5  t.  baking 
powder,  2  T.  butter  or  drippings,  ly^  t.  salt. 

After  mixing  the  flower  with  the  salt, 
add    the     rice,     which     has    been     pressed 


through  a  strainer,  and  the  milk  which  is 
mixed  with  the  beaten  yolk  of  the  egg. 
Beat  until  the  batter  is  quite  smooth,  then 
add  the  melted  fat,  stir  in  carefully  the 
baking  powder  and  then  fold  in  the  stiffly 
beaten  white.  Partly  fill  greased  gem  pans 
with  the  batter  and  bake  in  a  moderatelv 
hot  oven  until  a  light  brown,  about  thirty 
minutes.     Serve  hot. 

Quantities  of  Material  to  be  Used  for  a 

Family  of  Six  When  Not  Given  in 

Cooking  Recipes. 

breakfast. 

Uiu'oolied  hominy.  1  C.  Stewed  primes,  1  lb. 
Skim    milk,   3   gills.         Rolled  wheat,  1  C. 
Toast,   *1  loaf.  Potomac-   herring,   3. 

Butter,   *3  oz.  Corn    flakes,  2   C. 

Coffee,  4  T.  Fried  tomatoes,  8. 

Kidney,    One.  Boiled  eggs,  12. 

*Same  (luantity  each  time  used. 


din 
Uncooked   rice,   1%   C. 
Corned  beef,  8  lbs.  for 

3  meals. 
Potatoes,   12,   3  in. 

long. 
Spinach,   %   pk. 
Milk   for  tapioca,   3 

gills. 
Sugar    for   tapioca,    2 

T. 
Beef's  heart,  1. 
Boiled    cabbage,    % 

head. 
Boiled   onions,   6. 
Potatoes.  6. 
Salt  pork,   li/o   lbs. 


NER. 

Turnips    (mashed),  8. 

Potatoes,  6. 

Escarolle,   1   head. 

Raw  tomatoes,   6. 

Leg  of  lamb,  7  lbs.  for 

3  meals. 
Rice,  1  C. 
Corn,  12  ears. 
Squash,  4. 
String   beans  %   pk. 
Blackberries,   1  qt. 
Milk,  3  gills. 


supper. 

Cottage  cheese,    1  pt.     Cottage  cheese,  1  pt. 

Molasses.   3   gills.  Potatoes,  9. 

Pig's  feet,  1  set.  Onions   (raw),  6. 

Potatoes,   8.  Tomatoes,  %  pk. 

Apples,  %  pk.  Apple  butter,   y^  pt. 


WORLD'S  TEMPERANCE  PRESS  PROJECTED 


The  Temperance  Centennial  at  Saratoga, 
in  1908,  to  which  delegates  were  sent  by 
such  international  reform  societies  as  the 
W.  C.  T.  U.,  the  Good  Templars,  the  Sons 
of  Temperance,  the  International  Reform 
Bureau,  and  such  national  bodies  as  the 
American  Anti-Saloon  League,  the  National 
Temperance  Society,  the  Interchurch  Fed- 
eration and  the  Dominion  Temperance 
Alliance,  unanimously  approved  a  resolu- 
tion moved  by  the  writer,  that  a  "world's 
temperance  press"  is  desirable,  through 
which  literature  on  temperance  and  allied 
reforms  can  be  accurately  prepared  and 
abundantly  printed  in  the  most  economical 
manner  for  reform  societies  everywhere. 
A  committee  was  appointed  to  realize  the 
project,  which  has  found  financial  and  other 


difficulties  in  its  path.  But  we  believe  there 
is  no  better  investment  for  an  intelligent 
philanthropist  w'ho  would  use  his  money 
to  make  "a  better  world  here  and  now" 
than  to  endow  a  "world's  temperance 
press/'  including  printing  and  mailinsr 
offices,  from  which  six  times  as  much  liter- 
ature could  be  sent  out  for  the  same  money 
as  when  societies  act  separately,  and  also 
a  temperance  literati're  commission,  on 
which  there  should  be  a  scientist,  a  jurist 
and  a  sociologist,  vv'ith  endowed  salaries, 
w'hose  work  should  be  to  supply  all  tem- 
perance organizations  with  accurate  state- 
ments of  scientific  experiments,  laws,  de- 
cisions and  reform  news,  to  serve  all  re- 
form societies  as  the  Associated  Press 
serves  all  standard   newspapers. 


THE  ALLIED  REFORMS. 

The  liquor  dealers  in  the  United  States,  aroused  by  the  prohibition  "wave" 
of  1907-8,  did  tliree  things  to  check  it,  with  such  success  that  the  temperance 
forces  will  have  to  do  the  same  to  prevent  a  recession  of  the  "wave":  first, 
they  got  together  in  a  national  council  of  war ;  second,  they  established  a  well- 
financed  national  press  bureau ;  third,  they  enlisted  allied  trades,  representing 
millions  of  votes  and  billions  of  money.  By  skiUful  and  industrious  agents, 
supplied  witli  persuasive  literature  in  abundance,  they  convinced  those  engaged 
in  the  glass  business,  for  example — masters  and  men  alike — that  if  drunkards 
were  no  longer  allowed  to  "smash  things"  in  the  bar-rooms  there  would  soon 
be  nothing  to  hlozv — except  tlie  prohibitionists.  The  coopers,  in  national  con- 
vention assembled,  voted  unanimously  to  co-operate  with  brewers  and  dis- 
tillers in  fightuig  prohibition,  having  been  persuaded  that  bars  and  barrels  must 
sink  or  swim  together,  forgetting,  in  the  lack  of  rebuttal  literature,  which  united 
temperance  forces  should  have  furnished,  that  if  fewer  barrels  were  used  to 
nnpoverish,  there  would  be  more  money  to  buy  oil  barrels  to  light  up  the  dark- 
ened homes  of  drinking  men,  and  more  barrels  of  flour  to  feed  their  famished 
families. 

"The  children  of  light"  sliould  learn,  even  from  the  children  of  the  devil, 
not  only  to  "get  together,"  but  to  enlist  all  the  allied  reforms. 

Specializing  has  its  value  in  reform  as  elsewhere,  particular!}^  in  the  case 
of  laymen ;  but  we  expect  every  preacher  at  least  to  be  four-square  against 
all  the  big  four  evils — intemperance,  impurity.  Sabbath-breaking  and  gambling 
-^which  are  really  but  four  sides  of  one  frowning  fortress.'  And  if  the  preacher 
should  fight  them  all,  surely  the  united  church  in  every  city  and  town  should 
fight  them  all.  In  most  cases  there  are  not  enough  reformers  to  officer  and 
finance  four  societies  to  operate  independently  against  the  four  sides  of  the 
fort.  The  result  is  that  there  is  probably  not  one  city  in  the  world  of  less  than 
one  hundred  thousand  population  where  there  is  adequate  organization  against 
all  tiiese  evils.  The  temperance  committees  of  the  great  denominations,  in 
their  first  meeting  at  Pittsburg,  on  motion  of  the  writer,  voted  unanimously 
that  church  temperance  committees  should  each  be  expanded  to  include  all  moral 
reforms.  We  hope  to  see  all,  the  great  temperance  societies  follow  the  W.  C. 
T.  U.  m  the  policy  of  making  every  "Union"  a  "union"  of  reform  specialists, 
who  meet  each  to  report  on  her  own  reform  and  hear  of  the  progress  of  other 
reforms,  under  the  wise  motto  for  all :  "Know  everything  of  something,  and 
something  of  everything."  Some  societies  may  not  be  ready  for  a  union  of 
■forty  specialists,  but  surely  there  should  be  a  union  of  those  who  fight  intem- 
perance, impurity  and  gambling. 

If  anyone  thinks  that  one  society  cannot  fight  all  four  evils  successfully, 
the  answer  is  ready  in  the  history  of  the  International  Reform  Bureau,  which 
has  captured  breastworks  on  all  four  sides  of  the  fort,  in  local,  national  and 
international  fields.  The  Civic  League  of  Maine  (address,  Waterville)  is  a 
good  example  of  such  a  union  of  reforms  in  the  State  field.  The  Methodists 
and  Presbyterians  of  Canada  have  each  a  "Department  of  Moral  and  Social 
Reform,"  with  paid  secretaries  who  rank  with  the  denominational  missionary 
secretaries.  Indeed,  reform  is  a  branch  of  missions :  of  city  missions,  of  home 
missions,  of  foreign  missions. 


2y(i  World  Book'  of  Temperance. 

Why  should  not  the  churches  of  a  city,  having  located  various  missions 
in  the  slums  to  plant  good  seed,  unite  in  a  Home  Protection  Committee  to  pull 
up  the  weeds  of  a  bad  moral  environment :  the  corrupt  literature,  the  foul 
shows,  the  dens  of  drink  and  vice,  that  not  only  shadow  the  city  mission  work 
but  also  the  work  of  the  city  churches,  and  endanger  all  homes?  If  some  reform 
organizations  already  exist  let  them  be  federated  and  supplemented  to  cover 
the  whole  field  of  moral  reform. 

As  to  home  missions,  we  spend  great  sums  to  educate  ministers  and  send 
them  to  frontier  churches,  built  and  supported  with  missionary  money,  where 
there  will  be  scarcely  a  man  in  the  audience,  because  the  home  missionary  agen- 
cies have  no  united  organization  to  secure  laws  that  will  protect  Sunday  rest 
and  give  boys  and  men  a  decent  chance  to  be  good ! 

In  the  field  of  foreign  missions,  who  can  fail  to  see  that  an  intelligent 
prosecution  of  Christian  work  in  China  requires  such  an  anti-opium  field- 
marshal  as  the  International  Reform  Bureau  has  furnished  (see  p.  86),  with 
the  cordial  approval  of  the  missionaries.. 

TEMPERANCE   REFORM   NOT   A  PANACEA. 

As  many  in  the  churches  are  wrong  in  assuming  that  to  "get  right  with 
God"  individually,  which  means  to  get  the  motives  right,  will  make  a  man 
right  ivith  men  in  all  the  complicated  social  relations  of  modern  life,  that  can 
be  fully  adjusted  only  by  education  and  organization,  so  many  reformers  assume 
that  because  alcohol  promotes  impurity,  gambling  and  Sabbath-breaking,  the 
abolition  of  the  bar  will  nearly,  if  not  quite,  destroy  these  allies  also.  This 
common  theory  will  not  bear  five  minutes'  examination.  There  are  hundreds 
of  millions  of  reasons  for  rejecting  it — the  Hindus,  Buddhists  and  Moham- 
medans, who  have  been  total  abstainers  and  prohibitionists  for  centuries — and 
Europeans  and  Americans  may  well  bow  with  shame  before  Asia's  better  record 
on  this  problem ;  but  Asia  will  hardly  claim  that  the  elimination  of  the  drink 
habit  among  millions  of  its  people  abolished  all  other  social  ills.  Maine  and 
North  Dakota,  leaders  in  prohibition,  have  been  until  recently  leaders  also  in 
divorce.  Worcester,  largest  of  cities  to  vote  itself  free  of  saloons,  saw  its  bar- 
room loafers  turn  to  the  vaudeville  shows  for  another  kind  of  intoxication, 
which  the  good  people  had  not  organized  to  fight. 

In  moral  warfare  there  are  generals  who  can  fight  well  with  nothing  larger 
than  one  regiment  of  the  army,  but  the  ministers  and  churches  and  reform 
bodies  of  each  city,  of  each  State,  of  each  nation,  should  unite  all  regiments  of 
social  weli^^re  in  one  army  to  fight  the  allied  vices  all  along  the  line.  Every 
preacher  at  least  should  be  worthy  of  that  great  saying,  "He  saw  life  stead- 
ily  AND  SAW   IT  WHOLE." 

Forward  Movement  for  Progress  in  Churches. 

[Resolutions  for  adoption  by  churcli  otfioers  and  cliurch  courts.] 
Whereas,   relii^ion    inoludes   not   only  the   righting   of  man's   personal   relation   to  God,   as 
required  by  the  first  commandment,  but  no  less  the  righting  of  man's  social  relations  to  man ; 
and 

Whereas,  churches  have  by  frequent  resolutions  of  their  assemblies  and  conferences  and 
conventions  recognized  that  they  have  an  obligation  to  promote  those  moral  reforms  that  aim 
at  right  social  relations,  but  have  not  yet  made  adequate  provision  for  promoting  such  reforms 
in  their  schedules  of  work  and  benevolence;  therefore 

Resolved,  that  this  body  hereby  adds  to  its  list  of  committees  a  committee  to  help  carry 
out  its  resolutions,  to  be  known  as  the  Committee  on  Moral  Reforms,  and  we  hereby  invite  all 
other  religious  bodies,  local  and  national,  to  appoint  such  committees  to  act  together,  not  politi- 
cally or  as  a  law  and  order  league,  but  by  pulilic  meetings,  by  distribution  of  literature,  by 
petitions  and  protests  and  personal  appeal  to  create  a  better  moral  environment  for  our  young 
people,  by  which  conversion  shall  be  helped  before  and  after— as  weeding  and  fencing  c^^- 
pperate  with  planting. 


TEMPERANCE  PERIODICALS,  BOOKS  AND  LEAFLETS. 

TEMPERANCE   PAPERS  AND   MAGAZINES    IN    MANY    LANDS. 


(We  f:iii    liiKl    room    (Jiily    for    in'riodicals  and   li 
Publislied    in    United    States. 
National   Proliibitionist,  CMiicajro, 

Weekly  Orsau  of  Prohibitlou  Party. 
Aiuerioan   Issue.  Cliifagro. 

Weekly   Ui-a:aii  of  Auti-Saloou   League. 
Union   Signal,  Evanston,  111.. 

Weekly  Orgau  of  Natioual  W.  C.  T.  U. 
National  Advocate,  Now  York  City, 

Monthly    Organ    of    Natioual    Temperance 
Society  and  Publication  House. 
Twentletli     Century     Quarterly,    206     Pennsyl- 
vania   .Ave.,    S.    E.,   Washington,    D.    ('., 
Orgau   of   International  Keforni    Bureau. 
Quarterly  Journal  of  Inebriety,  Hartford.  Conn.. 
Orgiin  of  the  .American  Association  for  the 
Study  and  Cure  of  Inebriety. 
School   Physiology   Journal,  2.3  Trull  St.,  Bos- 
ton,   Mass., 
Organ    of   the    Scientific    Temperance    Fed- 
eration. 
The  Bulletin  of  the  Catholic  Total  Abstinence 
Union   of  America,    Rockland,   Me. 

Published  in  Canada. 

The   Pioneer,    52   Confederation   Life   Building, 
Toronto, 
Organ  of  Dominion  Temperance  Alliance. 
Canada's    W^hite     Ribbon     Bulletin,    Montreal, 
Quebec. 

Official  Organ  Canada  W.  C.  T.  U. 
Canadian   White   Ribbon    Tidings,   240  Dundas 
St..  London,  Out. 
Official  Orgau  Ontario  W.  C.  T.  U. 
The     Canadian      Royal      Templar,      Hamilton, 
Ontario, 

Official    Organ    of   the    Royal    Templars    of 
Canada. 
Sons  of  Temperance  Record,  Aurora,   Ontario, 
Official  Organ  of  the  Ontario  Sons  of  Tem- 
perance. 
Forward,  Windsor,  Nova  Scotia, 

Organ  Nova  Scotia  Sons  of  Temperance. 

Published   in'   Great    Britain. 

British   Journal   of  Inebriety,  8   Henrietta    St., 
Covent    Garden,     London. 

Organ  of  the  British  Society  for  the  Study 
of    Inebriety. 
Medical     Temperance      Review,      Bartholomew 
Close,    London.    E.    C. 
Organ   of  British  Medical   Temperance  As- 
sociation. 
National   Temperance  Quarterly,   34  Paternos- 
ter   Row.    London,    E.   C, 

Organ    of    National    Temperance    League. 
The    .Alliance    News,    Governor    Chambers,    16 
Deansgate,   Manchester,   England. 

Official     Organ     of    the     United     Kingdom 
.Alliance. 

The    Temperance     Leader,    108    Hope     Street, 
Glasgow.  Scotland. 

Official  Organ  of  the   Scottish  Temperance 
League. 

Everybody's  Monthly,  ;;0  Lombard  St..  Belfast, 
Ireland. 
Official    Organ    of    the    Irish    Temperance 
League. 

Unitarian    Temperance    Society,    2.j    Beacon 
postpaid.     Send 


tcnitri'i!  of  national   and   iiitcrnatioiinl   r.iiige.) 

Band    of    Hope    Chronicle,    .".O-a)    Old     I'ailoy, 
London,  E.  ("., 

Official  Organ  of  the   Band  of  Hope  Union 
of  the  United  Kingdom. 
The  Good    Templars   Watchword,   IG'i  Edmund 
St.,   Birmingham,   Engbmd, 

The  Official   Orgau  of  the  Grand   Lodge  of 
England. 
The    Good    Templar,    4th     St.,    Enoch    Square, 
Glasgow,  Scotland, 

Official     Organ     of    the     (irand     Lodge     of 
Scotland. 
International  Gocd  Templar,   ICO  Hill  St..  Glas- 
gow, Scotland, 
Monthly     Organ     of     International     Grand 
Lodge. 

The  Irish  Templar,  City  Chambers,  Royal  Ave., 
Belfast,  Ireland, 

t)fflcial     Organ     of    the    Grand     Lodge    of 
Ireland. 

Wings,  4  Ludgate  Hill,  London,  E.  C, 

Official  Organ  of  the  Women's  Total  Absti- 
nence Union  of  England. 
World's  W.  C.   T.   U.   Bulletin,   Ripley,   Derlty- 
shire,  England, 

Official  Organ  World's  W.  C.  T.  V. 
The    White    Ribbon,    147    Victoria    St.,    West- 
minster,  London,  England, 

Official  Organ    of  the  England   and   Wales 
W.  C.  T.   U. 
The  Scottish  Women's  Temperance  News, 

Official  Organ   of  the  Scotland  AV.  C.  T.  U. 
The  Scottish  Reformer,  lOS  Douglas  St.,  Glas- 
gow, Scotland. 

Onward,   207-209    Deansgate,    Manchester,    Eng. 

Father  Mathew  Record,   Dublin. 

Abkari,    36    Iveley     Road,    Clapham,     London, 
S.  W., 
Organ   of  Anglo-Indian   Temperance   Asso- 
ciation. 

Published   in   Australia. 

The  Alliance  Record,  Swanson    St.,  Melbourne, 

Au.stralia. 
The  Australian    Temperance   World,   273   Clar- 
ence St.,   Sidney,  Australia. 
Light,   528    Kent    St.,    Sidney,   Australia. 
The  Vanguard,  100  Willis  St.,  Wellington,  New 

Zealand. 
The    White    Ribbon    Outlook,    112    Queen    St., 
Brisbane.    Queensland,    .Vustralia, 

Official   Organ   of  the  Australia   W.  C.  T.  U. 
White    Ribbon    Signal, 

Organ    of  W.   C.    T.    U.   of  Victoria. 
The    New    Zealand    White    Ribbon,    Box    114, 
Christchurch,  New  Zealand, 

Official    Organ   of  the   New  Zealand    W.   C. 
T.  U. 


The    Burmah    White    Ribbon    Life    Line,    Ran- 
goon, Burmah, 

Official   Organ  of  the  Burmah  W.   C.   T.  U. 
The  Union.  Shanghai,  Hong  Kong.  China. 
The   Swedish   White  Ribbon,   Stockholm,   Swe- 
den. 

Official  Organ  of  Sweden   W.  C.  T.  U. 
The    White    Ribbon.    Calcutta.    India, 

Organ    of   AV.    C.    T.    U.    of    India. 
The  Kuni  No   Hi   Kari,  Tokyo,  Japan, 

Organ  of  the  National  Temperance  League 

of    Japan. 

St.,    Boston,   furnish   many  short  leaflets   free, 
for   samples. 


278 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


TEMPERANCE     LEAFLETS    FOR     FREE    DISTRIBUTION. 


The  "wave  of  reform,"  en  close  inspection,  turns  out  to  be  a  plowed  field,  waiting  for  seed. 
In  the  span  that  drew  the  plow,  Opposition  to  Drink  was  less  potent  than  Opposition  to  the 
Bar-room.  :Manj-  who  know  Ijy  daily  observation  that  the  saloon  is  a  nest  of  poverty,  lawless- 
ness and  political  corruption,  do  not  yet  know  of  the  recent  experiments  on  alcohol,  and  so 
attribute  the  saloon's  evil  influence  to  its  atmosphere,  and  go  right  on  drinking  at  home  after 
voting  "no  license."  This  personal  demand  keeps  up  an  irregular  trade  that  discredits  and 
often  repeals  the  law.  "A  caifipaign  of  education"  is  needed  scarcely  less  after  election  than 
before,  and  especially  now  that  liquor  dealers  have  abandoned  the  "still  hunt,"  and  are  cir- 
culating attractive  literature,  that  is,  some  of  it  so  skilfully  written  as  to  deceive  the  very 
elect.  AVe  have,  therefore,  taken  a  ballot  of  temperance  leaders  as  to  what  leaflets,  advocating 
total  abstinence  or  "no  license"  or  both,  cheap  enough  for  free  distribution  to  every  home  in 
a  community,  are  also  adapted  for  monthly  circulation  all  over  the  English-speaking  world. 
The  eleven  first  named  were  most  frequently  indorsed,  but  the  others  are  also  suitable  for 
temperance  seed  wherever  the  English  language  can  be  read.  We  add  also  a  selection  of  leaflets 
in  German.     Ten  books  first  named  on   next   page  selected  on  same  ballot. 


"Why  Abstain?     Why  Prohibit?"     Illustrated. 
3.5    cts.     per    100.       International     Reform 
Bureau,   Washington,   D.   C. 

"Judge  Morse's  Reasons,"  35  cts.  per  100. 
Baptist  Temperance  Committee,  49  Cler- 
mont Avenue,   New  York. 

"Why  the  Man  AVho  Works  for  a  Living 
Should  Not  Drink  Beer,"  by  Mrs.  Mary  II. 
Hunt.  15  cts.  per  100.  Presliyterian  Tem- 
perance Committee,  Pittsburg. 

"Facts  Concerning  Alcohol,"  by  Heinrich 
Quensel.  15  cts.  per  100.  Scientific  Tem- 
perance   Federation,    Boston. 

"Scientific  Testimony  on  Beer.  .35  cts.  per  100. 
International    Reform    Bureau. 

"Worldwide  Probil)ition,  No  License  Argu- 
ments from  Many  Lands."  Illustrated.  50 
cts.  per  100.     International  Reform  Bureau. 

"The  Influence  of  Alcohol  Upon  the  Public 
Health,"  by  Dr.  Frederick  Peterson.  40 
cts.  per  100.  National  Temperance  Society, 
New  York. 

"False  Claims  for  Wine,"  by  E.  L.  Tronseau. 
30  cts.  per  100.  Scientific  Temperance 
Federation. 

"The  Justification  of  the  Moderate  Drinker," 
by  Sir  Thomas  Barlow,  K.  C,  M.D.,  Cen- 
tral Temperance  Book  Room,  4  London 
House  Yard,  Paternoster  Row,  E.  C,  Lon- 
don. 

"Do  Saloons  Help  Business?"  Address  of  Hon. 
C.  W.  Trickett.  $1  per  100.  Phalanx 
Printing   Co.,    Indianapolis,    Ind. 

"Experiments  with  Alcohol."  $1  per  100. 
Massachusetts  Total  Abstinence  Society, 
Boston. 

"The  Saloon  an  Unmitigated  Curse,"  by  Rev. 
Father  Cassidv.  50  cts.  per  100.  National 
W.   C.   T.   U.,   Evanstou,    111. 

"Cigarettes:  A  Perilous  Intemperance,"  by 
Zillah  Foster  Stevens.  $1  per  100.  Sun- 
day-School Times,  Philadelphia. 

"The  "License  System,"  by  lion.  Seaborn 
Wright.  50  cts.  per  100.  National  W.  C. 
T.  U. 

"The  Moderate  Drinker,"  by  L.  D.  Mason,  M.D. 
25  cts.  per  100.  National  Temperance  So- 
ciety, New  York. 

"Guiding  Principles  for  Christian  Voters."  35 
cts.  per  100.     International  Reform  Bureau. 

"Employers  Prefer  Total  Abstainers."     15  cts. 

per  "100.     National  Temperance  Society. 

"Is  Prohibition  in  Maine  a  Success?"  by  Mrs. 

L.  M.  N.  Steyens,    National  W.  C.  T,  U. 


"The  Dispensary — Is  it  a  Deliverance  or  a 
Delusion?"  by  Dr.  Wilbur  F.  Crafts.  15 
cts.  per  100.     International  Reform  Bureau. 

"Does  it  Pay  ?"  by  Prof.  Chas.  Scanlon.  15 
cts.  per  100.  Pi-esbyteriau  Temperance 
Committee. 

"Charged  with  Murder."  15  cts.  per  100.  Pres- 
byterian  Temperance  Committee. 

A  powerful  leaflet  for  "College  Students,"  by 
President  D.  S.  Jordan.  75  cts.  per  100. 
Mrs.  Edith  Smith  Davis,  W.  C.  T.  U. 
Scientific  Temperance  Department,  561, 
33d   St.,    Milwaukee,    Wis. 

German   Leaflets. 

"Die   Alkoholfrage,"    by   Prof.    Bunge,    Univer- 
sity   of    Basle.     5    cts.    each ;    $3    per    100 ; 
200  or  more,  .$2.50  per  100. 
"Deutschtum  und  Alkohol,"  by  Dr.  W.  Schultz.; 
5  cts.  each;  $3  per  100;  200  or  more,  $2.50 
per  100. 
"Die  Gefahren  des  Biergenusses,"  by  Dr.  Hugo 
Hoppe.      5    cts.    each;    $3    per    100;    200    or 
more,  $2.50  per  100.     (English   translation, 
5  cts.). 
"Was  muss  der  Arbeitervom  Alkohol  wissen?'' 
"Was  muss  die  Frau  und  Mutter  vom  Alkohol 
wissen?"      (On    the    i-everse,    Gebt    Euera 
Kindern   keinen  Tropfen   Wein   usw?") 
"Was    muss    die    schulentlassene    Jugend    vom 

Alkohol  wissen?" 
"Was  mus  der  Lehrer  als  beruf.  Diener  d.  off. 
Wohles  V.  d.  Alkoholfrage  wissen?"     Price 
on  these  last  four,  24  cents   per  100;  $1.75  per 
1,000.     Orders  filled  only  in  100  lots. 
All    these    German    leaflets    may    be    ordered 
from     Scientific     Temperance     Federation,     23 
Trull    Street,    Boston.        Send    to    author    for 
pamphlet  by  Professor  J.  G.   Evart,  Hillsboro, 
Kan.,    entitled    "Deutschtum    und    die    Trink- 
frage"   (the  German  and  the  Drink   Question), 
50  cents   per   100.     Ask   him   for   list   of  other 
German    leaflets. 

The  following  appeal  of  an  alert  German 
banker  in  Nebraska  should  be  heard  and 
heded :  "The  aim  of  the  National  German- 
American  Alliance  is  to  federate  all  the  Ger- 
man societies  in  America  and  affiliate  with  all 
other  foreign  societies,  thus  presenting  a  solid 
front  of  immigrants  to  the  forces  working  for 
the  annihilation  of  akv<holism.  What  are  we 
going  to  do  al)out  it?  We  can  do  much.  The 
list  of  German  anti-alcohol  literature  is  im- 
mense and  most  excellent,  and  by  proper  use 
of  the  same  we  will  win  over  thousands  of 
Germans.  Permit  me  to  urge  the  importance 
of  this  work.  I  am  persuaded  that  if  properly 
done  it  will  have  far-reaching  results," 


TEMPERANCE  BOOKS  FOR  MINISTERS   AND   MORAL  LEADERS* 

[Selected   by   a  ballot  of   tvveuty   temperance  leaders.] 

Temperance   Progress   in  tbe  19th   Century.     By   John  G.   Wooley   and  W.   E.  Johnson       Cloth 

12mo.     533  pp.     $2   (8s.) 

iUcohol  and  the  Human  Body.  By  Sir  Victor  llorsley,  P.R.S.,  and  Mary  D.  Sturge,  M.D.  Cloth, 
12mo.     400  pp.     96  cts.   net  (4s.) 

The  Liegalized  Outlaw.     By  Judge  Samuel  R.  Artman.    Cloth,  12mo.    295  pp.     ."HI   (4s.) 

The   Psychology  of  Alcoholism.     By  Geo.   B.    Cutten,   Ph.D.     Cloth.     $1.50    (6s.) 

Intoxicating  Drinks  and  Drugs  in  All  Times  and  Lands.  By  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Wilbur  P.  Crafts 
and  Misses  Mary  and  Margaret  W.  Leitch.  12mo.  288  pp.  Illustrated.  Cloth.  7,5c  (3s.) ; 
paper,  35c.   (Is.  6d.) 

World  Book  of  Temperance.     By  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Wilbur  P.  Crafts.     Octavo.    288  pp.     Illustrated. 
Cloth,  75c.    (3s.)  ;  paper,  35c.    (Is.  6d.)     Abridged  edition,  128  pp.     Cloth,  25c.   (Is.) ;   paper, 
'        15c.   (7i4d.) 

Social  Welfare  and  the  L,iquor  Problem.  By  Harry  S.  Warner.  (A  study  course  of  the  Inter- 
collegiate   Prohibition   Association).      225   pp.     Cloth,    75c.    (3s.);    paper,    35c.    (Is.    6d.) 

Christian  Citizenship.  By  John  G.  Wooley.  2  vols.,  cloth,  $1  (4s.)  (Biblical  Foundations  of 
Christian    Politics.) 

Anti-Saloon  Year  Book.  By  Ernest  H.  Cherrington.  12mo,  illustrated.  256  pp.  Cloth,  60c.  (2s. 
6d.)  ;  paper,  35c.   (Is.  6d.) 

The  American  Prohibition  Year  Book.  By  Hon.  A.  E.  Wilson.  Cloth,  50c.  (2s.);  paper  25c 
(Is.) 

A  Century  of  Drink  Reform  in  the  United  States.     By  August  Fehlandt.     Cloth,  .$1..50. 

Practical  Christian  Sociology.  By  Dr.  Wilbur  P.  Crafts.  (Treats  temperance  problem  with 
allied    reforms;   adapted    for   study    by    class   or   club.)     522    pp.     Illustrated.     Cloth,    $1.50. 

The  Passing  of  the  Saloon.     By  Geo.  M.  Hammell.     436  pp.     $2. 

The  Saloon  Problem  and  Social  Reform.     By  Prof.  J.  M.  Barker.     Cloth,  $1.10. 

Hints   and   Helps  for  Temperance.     By   Charles  Wakeley. 

The   Bible   and   Temperance   Reform.     By    Dawson    Burns. 

Temperance  Commentary.     By  Burns  and  Lees.     $1.25. 

Miss  Willard's  Words.     Selections  by  Miss  Anna  Gordon.     Cloth,  50c. 

Century  Co.  will  issue  articles  of  Dr.  H.  S.  Williams  from  McClure's,  cloth,  50  cts.  The 
initial  article  on  Alcohol  and  the  Body  is  sold  by  the  Scientific  Temperance  Federation  at 
5  cts.  National  Temperance  Society,  New  York,  issues  valuable  booklet  at  same  price,  entitled: 
"Alcohol  and  the  Doctors,"  by  Treves,   Crothers  and  Lambert. 

Some  philanthropist  might  do  a  great  service  to  temperance  literature  by  providing  the 
money  to  publish  a  large  Temperance  Cyclopedia,  prepared  in  MS.  at  cost  of  J.  G.  Wooley,  by 
W.  E.  Johnson,  which  ought  to  be  placed  in  libraries  all  over  the  woi-ld. 

These  books  may  all  be  ordered  at  following  depots  of  temperance  literature:  National 
Temperance  Society,  3  E.  14th  Street,  New  York  City;  Mr.  C.  R.  Jones,  92  La  Salle  St.,  Chicago; 
Dominion  Temperance  Alliance,  Confederation  Building,  Toronto;  Central  Temperance  Book 
Room,    3    London    House    Yard,    Paternoster    Row,    B.    C,    London. 

See  that  your   public  library  has  an  up-to-date  temperance  shelf. 

"people  will  go  for  whiskey  but-  milk  must  be  brought  to  the  door."  this  true 
proverb  suggests  that  the  people  who  most  need  temperance  literature  .\re  least 
likely  to  go  for  it — teachers   in  public  schools  and  sunday-schools,  for  example 

.-BUT    IN    MANY    CASES    WOULD    USE    IT    EFFECTIVELY    IF    "BROUGHT    TO   THE   DOOR." 


VERDICT  OF  SCHOLARS  UPON  ALCOHOL. 


M.  BERTHELOT,  Member  of  the  Academies  of  Science  and  of  Medicine, — 

"ALCOHOL  IS  NOT  A  FOOD  even  though  it  may  be  fuel  .  .  .  Atwater  himself  did  not 
conclude  from  his  experiments  that  alcohol  is  a  true  food,  that  lis,  that  it  is  capable  of  assimila- 
tion by   the  human   organism." 

Dr.   CHARLES  RIGHET  of  the  Academy  of  Medicine, — 

"IF  ALCOHOLIC  DRINKS  COULD  BE  ENTIRELY  ABOLISHED,  possibly  a  small  portion 
of  nourishment  would  be  lost,  but  one  would  have  rendered  an  immense  service  to  humanity." 

M.  METGHNIKOFF,  Chief  Attendant  at  the  Pasteur  Institute, — 

"As  for   myself  I  am  convinced   that  ALCOHOL   IS  A  POISON." 

Dr.  LANCEREAUX  of  the  Academy  of  Medicine, — 

"ALCOHOL  IS  DANGEROUS,  not  only  on  account  of  the  symptoms  it  induces  in  the  nervous 
system,  but  especially  on  account  of  the  mal-nutrition  which  it  induces  in  the  organism  of  one 
who  indulges   in  excess." 

Dr.  HERICOURT,  Director  of  the  Scientific  Review, — 

"ALCOHOL,  even  in  the  dose  which  some  wish  to  class  as  healthful,  can  surely  be  the  cause 
of  death  by  diminishing  the  resistance  of  the  organism   to  infectious  diseases." 

The  effort  to  reinstate  alcohol  which  has  recently  been  attempted  rested  only  upon 
the  laboratory  experiments  of  the   American   Atwater.     Yet  Atwater  says, — 

The  moderate  use  of  alcohol  is  filled  tvith  danger.  Alcohol  tvould  not  be  called  a 
food  in  the  proper  sense  of  the  word.  The  net  result  of  its  use  is  an  injury  and  not 
a  benefit.     TEMPERANCE  RECORD,  Nov.  22, 1900. — "Professor  Atwater's  Conclusions." 

\M.  ROVX  of  the  Academy  of  Medicine,  Assistant  Director  of  the  Pasteur  Institute, — 
"The   STRUGGLE   AGAINST  ALCOHOLISM  must  be  continued." 

Dr.  MAONAN  of  the  Academy  of  Medicine,  Chief  Physician  of  St.  Anne  Insane  Asylum, — 

"In  my  opinion,  ALCOHOL  would  not  be.  IN  ANY  CASE  A  FOOD  TO  BE  RECOMMENDED. 
It  pushes  into  our  asylums  of  the  Seine  almost  one  half  of  the  inmates." 

Dr.  WEISS,  Government  Civil  Engineer  of  Bridges  and  Roads,  Fellow  of  the  Faculty  of  Medicine, — 
"THE  TRUTH  IS  THIS: — There  is  not  a  well  proved  fact  to  show  that  it  would  be  useful 
to  include  alcohol  in  the  diet;  many  people,  often  without  suspecting  It,  SUFFER  FOR  HAVING 
USED  IT ;  I  do  not  know  one  who  has  regretted  being  deprived  of  It." 

Dr.  LEGRAIN,  Chief  Physician  of  the  Asylums  of  Ville-Evrard, — 

"It  is  scientific  to  proclaim  it  a  perpetual  danger,  that  alcohol — although  a  chemical  food — 
is  simply  useless,  and  that  it  is  wise  to  let  it  alone." 

Dr.  GARNIER,  Chief  Phusician  of  the  Special  Almshouse  Infirmary, — 

"THE  FOOD,  ALCOHOL,  FEEDS  CRIME  AND  MADNESS  :  the  former  is  indebted  to  this 
substance  for  about  70  per  cent,  of  its  victims ;  the  latter  for  33  per  cent.  Alcohol  food ! 
Granting  that  this  term  might  be  chemically  correct,  it  WILL  NEVER  BE  SOCIALLY  TRUE. 
The  individual  who  drinks  passes  to  the  toxic  dose  in  an  insidious  manner  especially  if  he  is 
DELUDED  BY  THE   MIRAGE  THAT  ALCOHOL  IS  A  t'OOD  ! 

CITIZENS  !  They  tell  you  :  "Our  alcohol  is  food."  We  appeal  to  YOUR  GOOD  SENSE, 
the  evidence  is  in  your  hands." 

Judge  the  guilty  thitig !     Condemn  it!     Proscribe  it!     Suppress  it! 


DOWN    WITH    ALCOHOL! 


[This  is  facsimile,   except  that  French  is  translated   into   English,  of  a   poster  put  up  all 
over  France,  which  we  hope  will  be  widely  duplicated  all  over  the  world.] 


TOPICAL  INDEX 


(Hygienic    Index,    6;    Biblical,    7,    207;    Chronologrical,   230;    Geographical,    285;    Eminent   Per- 
sons  Quoted,   253.) 


Absinthe.  S9,   228. 

Abstinonce,  see  Total  Abstinence. 

Accidents    due    to    drink,    G. 

Addison,    intemperate,   8;3,   109. 

Adulterations   of  li(iuors,   ;:>!,   72. 

African    M.    E.   Church,    234,   24.'j. 

Alcohol,  nature  of,  ;«,  37,  GO,  228;  the  chief 
poison  in  intoxicating  drinks,  51;  harmful 
in    food    also,   183. 

Alcoholism,  02,  130.  131,  203 ;  not  known  to 
ancient  Jews,   31  ;   defined,  228. 

Alexander  the  (Jreat,  intemperate,  109. 

American  Anti-Saloon  League,  44,  100,  102,  247, 
248,   277. 

Animals,  water  drinkers;  how  affected  by  in- 
toxicants, ill  experiments,  76,  77,  189; 
recognize  drunkenness  In  trainers,  182.  See 
Beasts. 

Anti-Upium    Society,    British,    8G. 

Arctic  Exploration,  alcohol  avoided  in,  73, 
11.5.     See  Cold. 

Arrests.      See    Crimes. 

Associations,  of  young  people,  99,  120;  for 
temperance,  41,  95,  99,  132,  230,  231. 

Athletes,  avoidance  of  alcohol  by,  14,  19,  36, 
45,  49,  70,  78,  80,  103,  180,  211,  2C5. 

Augustine,    story   of,    150. 

Band  of  Hope,  95,  98.  See  Loyal  Temperance 
Legion. 

Banquets,  drinking  at,  28,  34,  48,  116. 

Baptists   (U.    S.).  234. 

Bar-rooms,    81.      See    Saloons,    Liquor    Dealers. 

Battles,  as  illustrations  of  reform  efforts,  52, 
53,    115. 

Beasts  and  birds  of  prey,  and  reptiles,  fitting 
symbols  of  drink  traffic  and  drinking  so- 
cieties, .30,  45,  56,  74,  89,  107,  154,  156,  184, 
191.     See  Animals. 

Beer,  not  known  to  ancient  Jews,  31 ;  does 
not  strengthen,  50  ;  how  made.  33,  37,  228 ; 
harmful.  23.  30,  33,  51,  74,  89.  104,  121.  202; 
not  a  displacer  of  distilled  liquors,  51,  63, 
89;  replies  to  false  claims  for,  265;  pro- 
motes many  diseases,  6;  being  introduced 
in   missionary   lands,   205. 

Bible,  commends  new  wine,  207 ;  teacTiings  of 
as  to  personal  use  of  intoxicants,  31,  6i, 
233 ;  as  to  liquor  traffic,  151.  223 ;  a  re- 
form weapon,  15,  52.  See  Commentary, 
207. 

Blackboard    lessons,    257. 

Boston,   statistics  of,  169. 

"Boy    Problem,"   97. 

Boys  and  girls  to  be  safeguarded  against 
liquor  traffic,  29,  41,  42,  57,  58,  82,  85,  89, 
91,   98.    126,    161. 

Brandy,  2.3,  228. 

Brewers,  wealth  of;  should  be  despised,  56; 
mortality   of,  104.     See  Beer. 

Buddhism,  a  total  abstinence  religion,  65,  91. 

Burns.   Robert,  intemperate.  88. 

Business  value  of  prohibition,  49,  99,  177,  190, 
193.     See  Economic,  Industrial. 

Byron,   Lord,   intemperate,   109. 

"Canteens"  (official  bar-rooms  for  soldiers  and 
marines),  abolished  in  LT.  S.,  51,  248;  dis- 
tilled liquors  prohibited  in,  by  Prance,  248. 

Captivity  of  ancient  .Iew,s,  due  to  drink,  39, 
87,  94 ;  of  modern  users  of  intoxicants, 
60,  80,  90.  168. 

Catholics,  supporting  temperance,  2,  38,  124, 
i;32,  2.34,  242. 

Charity,  as  related  to  drink,  46.  See  Poverty, 
Labor. 

Chicago,    statistics   of.   169. 


Child   labor,  111. 

Children,  injured  by  beer,  78;  protection  of, 
against  moral  perils,  16,  29,  41,  42,  57,  ,58, 
82,  85,  89,  91,  9S,  106,  12G,  1.54,  214,  242,  249; 
work  of,  for  temperance,  64,  bl,  194.  See 
boys   and    girls.    Cigarettes. 

Christ,  2,  21,  .32,  36,  52,  ,56,  60,  94,  97. 

Churches,  resolutions  and  other  acts  of,  as  to 
liciuor  habit  and  liquor  traffi<',  28  (see 
Methodists,  Baptists,  etc.)  ;  usually  in 
United  States  debar  liquor  dealers,  152, 
180;  less  frequently  requires  total  absti- 
nence of  members,  230,  238;  should  pro- 
mote temperance  work  more  earnestly  and 
more  systematically,  2,  5,  24,  25,  27,  4G, 
128,  152,  2.34,  237,  239,  240,  241. 

Christian    Church    (Disciples),    242. 

"Church  of  God"  (denomination  so-called), 
237,   246. 

Cider,   36. 

Cigarettes,   9,3,    1.5,5,   267. 

Cities  of  U.   S.   under  prohibition,  250. 

Citizenship,  Christian,  powers  and  duties  of, 
66,  266.     See  Churches,  Civic  righteousness. 

City,  of  God,  111,  195;  moral  perils  of,  40;  re- 
forms needed  in,  16,  195 ;  reform  action  by, 
130.     See   No   License. 

Civic   righteousness,   8,    66,   116. 

Civil   damage  laws,   242. 

Climate  as  affecting  drinking  habits,  31,  32, 
73,  115. 

Cocaine,  36. 

Cold,  alcohol  not  a  protection  against  cold, 
186.      See   Arctic   Exploration. 

Coleridge,  Hartley,  intemperate,  83,  109. 

College,  drinking  by  students  at,  45;  faculties 
should  study   and  teach   about  alcohol,  45. 

Commandments,  Ten,  all  broken  through 
drink,   145. 

"Committee  of  Fifty."   247,   277. 

Compensation,   246,    247. 

Congress,  V.  S.,  temperance  society  organized 
by  members  of,  233;  action  of,  on  protec- 
tion   of    native    races,    178.      See    Canteens. 

Constitution,   U.  S.,  54. 

Constitutional  Prohibition,  form  of,  245.  See 
Prohibition. 

Consumption    of  Liquors,    03,  94. 

Conventions,    Temperance,   231,   233. 

Conversion  as  temperance  weapon,  29,  43,  52, 
81,   101. 

Cost  of  intemperance,  45,  49,  70,  94.  154,  174. 

Courage,  tested,  48;  shown,  41.  52.  74.  KM),  101, 
102,  115,  118,  186 ;  not  promoted  by  drink, 
189. 

Courts,  decisions  of,  against  liquor  sellers,  95, 
143;  should  not  be  used  to  license  saloons, 
54;   British,  248.     See   Supreme  Court. 

Cross  of  Christ,  through  which  rescue  is 
achieved,   29,  52. 

Crime  Increased  by  alcohol,  30,  37,  49,  .59,  60, 
64.  70.  95.  96,  99,  148,  190,  197,  245,  246, 
247;  decreased  by  prohibition  and  "no 
license."  .30,  68.  150,  190. 

Crusade,  Temperance,  242. 

Cumberland  Presbyterians,  244. 

Curfew,   16. 

Dances,   theatrical,   116,  119. 

Deaths  due  to  drink,  109.     See  Insurance. 

Debt  and  Drink,  51,  147.     See  Poverty. 

Delusions  about  drink.  63,  05.  Disasters  com- 
pared  to   drink,   13. 

"Disinterested    management."  27. 

Dispensary,  51,  204,  240.  See  Government 
Ownership,   Gothenburg  System. 


282 

Distillation,  31,  230.    See  Whifskey,  Brandy,  etc. 

Divorce,   35. 

Drugs,  habit-forming,  111. 

Drunkards,  in  childliood,  29 ;  how  saved,  43, 
59,  81,  94,  137,  139,  154,  156,  236;  number 
of,  decreased   by  "uo  license,"  30. 

Drunkenue.ss  defined,  59;  described,  68;  not 
the  chief  peril  in  drinking,  92.  See  In- 
temperance. 

Economic  aspects  of  drink  problem,  177,  192. 
See  Employment. 

Education,  civic.  111;  scientific  temperance,  G, 
244. 

Employment  jeopardized  by  drink,  14,  30,  42, 
45,   46,  49,  68,  77,   78.   83,  93,  99. 

Endeavorers,  97,  98. 

Example,   power  of,  42,  52. 

Excuses  answered,  12,  265. 

Experiments  as  to  effects  of  alcohol,  23,  50,  7d, 
186,  265.     See  Hygienic  Index,  6. 

Fallacies  as  to  alcohol  exposed,  76,  265. 

Farmers,  early  movement  against  use  or 
liquors  by,  229;   not  losers  by  prohibition. 

Federation   of  temperance  forces,   99,   276. 

Fire,   as  illustration   of  drink,  172. 

Food,  alcohol  in,  183.  (On  alcohol  as  an  al- 
leged  food,    see    Hygienic   Index,   6.) 

Foods' as  temperance   auxiliaries,   269. 

Fraternities,  closed  to  liquor  dealers,  .38,  45; 
devoted  to  temperance,  39,  41;  that  allow 
drinking,   45. 

Free    Baptists,    2.32.    2.39.  ^  ^    „^^ 

Friends,   Society   of,  21,  230,   238,  239,  241. 

Fruits  and  fruit  juices,  use  of  and  abuse  or, 
20,  36,  37,  208. 

Funerals,   230. 

Gambling,  56,  95,  111,  143,  179,  246. 

German  temperance  literature,  278. 

Gideons,  fraternity  of,  48. 

Girls,   story   for,   162. 

Good  Templars,  43,  46,  206,  241,  242,  245,  246 

Gospel  temperance,  15,  29,  43,  133,  156,  176,  18a. 

Gothenburg   System,  204,   239,  241,  247. 

Government,  purpose  of,  55,  88;  perverted  by 
drink,  118;  employees  of,  should  abstain, 
49 ;    ownership    of   liquor    business    by,    51, 

Great^'m'en  dishonored  by  drink,  48,  83,  88,  109, 

118,   212,   213. 
Grain,  use  and  abuse  of,  37. 
Habit  ("it  has  you"),  53,  80,  93,  94,  118. 
Hereditary   taint  of  alcohol,  77. 
Hinduism,  a  total  abstinence  religion,  6o,  91. 
History    of    temperance    movements:    in    Bible 

tinies— see  lessons  7;  also  Chronology.  228; 

between  1st  and  19th  centuries,  30,  62,   73, 

232;  in  20th   century,  91,  248. 
Homes    should    be    protected    by    refusal    of 

women   to    marry   drinking   men.  232 ;   cor- 
rupted  and   saddened   by  drink,  13.  28,   54, 

57,  58.  61,  64,  72.  89,   91,  168,  177,  192,  233; 

a  force  for  temperance,  41. 
Hospitals,    temperance,    242,   247. 
Hot   water,   35. 
Impurity,  179;  promoted  by  drink,  13,  58,  89, 

111. 
Industrial  value  of  abstinence,  14,  78,  149,  187, 

190.     See  Business  Economics. 
Insanity.     See  Hygienic  Index,  6. 
Insurance.     See   Life  Insurance. 
International  reforms,  24,  86,   177. 
International  Reform  Bureau,  86,  1.31,  178,  248, 

249,  250,   277,  286. 
Interstate  Commerce,  .59,   2.38. 
Intemperance,    nature   of,    184;    beginnings    of, 

66,  SO,  82,  85,  92;  consequences  of,  88,   184; 

illustrations  of,  72,  74,  85,  89,  91,  107. 
Isaiah,  temperance  teachings  of,  139,  214. 
James,  Prof.  Wm..  psychological  argument  of, 

applied  to  pledge,  04. 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


Jews,  unusually  temperate,  32. 

Judgment  for  nations,  8. 

Kean,    Edmund,    intemperate,   109. 

King,  Pres.  H.  C,  288. 

Kings   intoxicated,   48,    118,   213. 

Labor    interests    of,   jeopardized   by   drink,    15. 

Labor  unions  that  require  abstinence,  39,  45, 
46;  that  exclude   litiuor  dealers,  242. 

Lamb,  Charles,   intemperate,  83,   109. 

Law,  purpose  of,  93,  177 ;  need  of  restrictive 
and  prohibitory,  132;  enforcement  of,  240, 
249,  266, 

Lawlessness,  111.     See  Law. 

Lawson,  Sir  Wilfrid,  243. 

Lessons,  Biblical,  7;  scientific,  G;  historical, 
228;   blackboard,   257. 

"Liberty,  personal,"  1,  117,  133,   1C3,  165,  179, 

License,  wrong  and  ineffective,  .52,  54,  6.1,  .s.i, 
85,  91,  148,  152 ;  however  "high,"  243, 
ritory  under,  compared  with  "dry"  terri- 
tory, 109. 

Life  insurance  statistics  showing  alcolid 
shortens  life,  14,  21,  45,  83,  181,  193,  235, 
245,   246.     See   Fraternities,    Mortality. 

Liquor  dealers  answered,  265 ;  opposition  of, 
to  prohibition,  proves  its  effectiveness,  75 ; 
excluded  from  fraternities,  38 ;  from 
churches,  ISO;  their  wicked  work,  56,  81, 
85;  not  all  past  redemption,  85;  mortality 
of,   104;   in    politics,   132. 

Liquors    defined,    228. 

Liquor  traffic  to  be  despised  and  suppressed, 
56,  00;  condemned  by  Catholic  Plenary 
Council,  1.32;  illustrations  of  its  evil  work, 
107,  157,  168;  how  condemned  in  Scripture, 
151. 

Literature  of  liquor  dealers,  93  ;  temperance,  3. 
96,  131,  144,  207,  241,  276,  277,  287. 

Local  option,  growth  of,  in  U.  S.,  30,  44,  248; 
in  other  lands,  201,  239,  240,  245,  246,  247. 
See  "No  License." 

Local  veto.     See  Local   Option. 

Lodges,  value  of,  as  social  centres,  43,  44. 

Lord's  Supper,  wine  used  unfermented,  219, 
242. 

Losses  from  drink,  49.     See  Cost. 

Lotteries,  246.     See  Gambling. 

Loval  Temperance  Legion,  95,  98. 

Lutherans,   2.3S,   241.   245. 

Luxury,  79,  106. 

Lynchings,  58. 

Malt  liquors.     See  Beer. 

Marksmanship.     See    Soldiers. 

Marriage   marred   by    drink,  91.      See   Home. 

Martyrs,  120. 

Masons.   Free,  exclude  liquor   dealers,   38. 

Mavors,   16,    119,   266. 

Medal  contests,   268. 

ISIedical  temperance  associations,  241,  247. 

Medicines,   alcoholic.     See  Hygienic   Index,  6. 

Methodists,    Canadian,    244. 

Methodist  Episcopal  Church  (U.  S.).  resolu- 
tions of,  28,  238;  M.  B.  Church,  South,  237. 

Methodist    Protestant  Church.    2,30,   245. 

Milk,  a  food  and  true  stimulant,  17,  35,  36. 
See  Hygienic  Index,   G. 

Ministers,  drinking  habits  of  some,  26,  28,  67, 
87,  93;  total  abstinence  i-equired  of,  26,  34, 
216;  as  reform  leaders,  24,  93.  120;  cour- 
ageous fidelity   required  of,   115. 

Missions  as  related  to  temperance,  24,  86,  118, 
128,  178.  IMS 

"Moderation,"  63,  84,  92,  179,  231,  2.34;  tested 
by   insurance,   2.35. 

Mohammedanism,  a  total  abstinence  religion, 
26,   65,  91,   20.5,   2.30. 

Money,  tainted,  1.30. 

Mortality  as  affected  by  drinking  habits  and 
prohibition,   104,  109. 

Mothers,    nursing,    injured    by    alcohol,    77. 

Murders   through    drink,   64,  88.      See  Crime. 

Music  as  a  lure  in  saloons.  81. 

Nansen  cited.  73. 


Topical  Index. 


283 


National  Temperance  Society,  241,  277. 

Nations  imperiled  by  driuli  and  immorality, 
30,  42,   68,  88,  91. 

Native  races  destroyed  by   drinli,  86,  118. 

Nazarites,  33,  217. 

"Near  beer,"  33. 

Negroes,  admitted  to  Good  Samaritans,  238; 
brutalized    by    drink,   58. 

No  license,  in  contrast  to  license,  30,  44,  6S, 
84,  150,  190;  in  harmony  with  New  Tes- 
tament, 151. 

Nuisance,    bar-room   a,  143,  246. 

t)dd  Follows,  38,  45. 

Old    Age,    110. 

Opium,  86,  95,  122,  168,  178,  185,  205,  234,  249; 
British  Commission,  247;  International 
Commission  on,  86,  178,  250;  Philippine 
Opium    Committee,   249. 

Opportunity,   125. 

Orders,  secret,  that  exclude,  and  orders  that 
admit  liquor  dealers,  38. 

Orijanization,    value    of,    42. 

Parties,  political,  53,  54,  56,  86,  152. 

Patent  Medicines,  74. 

Paul,  temperance  teachings  of,  223. 

Pauperism,  247.     See   Poverty. 

"Personal   Liberty,"  16,  165. 

Pitt.  William,  intemperate,  83,  109. 

Pledges,  in  Bible  times,  31;  evolution  of,  231; 
nature  of,  99;  value  of,  43,  53,  75,  94,  183; 
forms  and  stories  of,  30,  33,  40,  41,  52, 
75,  83,  95,  96,  99,  100,  102,  161,  175,  183, 
192,    230,    238,    288. 

Poe,   E.  A.,  intemperate,   83,  88,  109. 

Politics,  corrupt,  110;  Christian,  120,  146; 
liquor  traffic  in,  1.32.  - 

Polygamy,  31,   207. 

Population  of  U.  S.  under  prohibition  in  1908, 
44. 

Posters,   45,  92,   130,   131,   280. 

Poverty  as  related  to  drinlj,  30,  45,  59,  61,  68, 
79,   84,  134,  246. 

Praver  as  a  power  for  temperance,  15,  43,  53, 
■75,  170,  183. 

Presbyterians  of  U.  S.,  230,  231,  232,  238,  239, 
241,  244,  277. 

Presidents  of  U.  S.,  relation  of,  to  drinlsing 
usages,  108,  2.34. 

Press,  Temperance,  276. 

Prevention,  4.3,  51,  99. 

Priests,  26,  34,  216.     See  Ministers. 

Prize  fights,   14.3,  189.     See  also  Athletes. 

Profanity,   without  words,  108. 

Prohibition  defined,  177,  266;  origin  of,  63,  2.33, 
237;  purpose  of,  167,  194;  spread  of,  2-37; 
arguments  for,  32,  43,  60,  93,  99,  120,  148, 
177.  266;  generally  approved  by  church 
bodies,  63;  progressing,  43,  44;  compared 
in  results  to  license,  109 ;  should  be  pre- 
ceded and  followed  by  campaigns  for 
abstinence,  43,  75,  158;  by  act  of  Congress 
for  ftovernment  buildings,  51;  constitu- 
tional, 24.3,  244,  245;  international,  178. 
See   Local  Option,  "No  License." 

Prohibition   Party,  241. 

Prostitution,   14;   international   action   on,    178. 

Protestant    Episcopal    Church.    244. 

"Public  house,"  41,   59.     See  Liquor  Dealers. 

Pugilists,  trained  on  water,  19,  49. 

T?nfes.   Marathon.     See  Athletes. 

Railroads,  requiring  total  abstinence  of  em- 
ployees,   30,   OS,  193,   247,  248. 

TJechaliites,   ancient   and  modern,  39,   46,  242. 

Recitations:  Oougli-Denton  Apostrophe  to 
Water,  21 :  Senator  Blair's  Appeal  to  the 
Church.  24;  Our  Peaceful  War,  52:  Gov- 
ernor Hanly  on  Hating  the  Liquor  Traffic, 
61;  Chesterfield  on  License.  62;  Nannie's 
Red  Flag,  64;  Dialogue— the  Drinker's 
Excuses  .Answered.  65:  The  Fly  Paper 
Sermon,  66:  AVounds  without  Cause.  71: 
The  Hero  of  the  Maine,  74;  .\  Sunbeinn 
Story,  81;  The  Boy  aud  the  Moth  Millers, 


82;  Two  Stories  of  Lincoln,  83;  Young 
Heroes  of  To-day,  100;  Dialogue:  Water 
and  Wine,  102;  What  It  Means  to  Save 
a  Boy,  106;  A  Cheer  for  the  Silver  Haired, 
110;  Only  a  Mi.ssing  Sheep,  141;  True 
Liberty,  166;  The  Reformer's  Prayer,  170; 
Miss  Willard's  Pledge,  175;  Settled  Right, 
170;   Bottled  in   Bond,   190. 

Reform,  plan  of,  110;  wide  range  of,  95,  110, 
250,  274. 

Reformed    (Dutch)   Church,  232. 

Reformed  Presbyterian  Church  of  U.  S.,  240, 
242;   of  Scotland,   242. 

Religions  that  require  total  abstinence,  26,  65, 
205. 

Remorse,  119. 

Ribbon    Clubs,    242. 

Roval  Templars  of  Temperance,  241. 

Rum,  228.  ^ 

Sacrifi(;es   for   reform,   48,  106. 

Sailors,   not  helped  by  grog,  188. 

Saloons,  evils  of,  44,  45,  59,  71,  90,  130,  240; 
worst  foe  of  churches,  92.  See  Liquor 
Dealers. 

Samson,  210. 

Schools,  public,  2,  4,  6,  16,  43,  70,  78,  127; 
private,  20;  scientific  temperance  educa- 
tion in,  244. 

Science  condemning  alcohol,   6. 

Scientific    Temperance    Federation,   75,   277. 

Sea,  drink   adds  to  perils  of,  191. 

Secret  societies  that  do,  and  that  do  not, 
exclude  liquor  dealers,  38. 

Self-control,  48. 

Sentiment,  public,  power  of,  how  improved, 
111. 

Seventh  day  Adventists,   240. 

Sex  Crimes  due  to  drink,  14,  58. 

Sheridan,   R.   B.,  intemperate,  109. 

Slavery,  21,  143,  145,  207. 

Slums,  111. 

Social  hemisphere  of  religion,  146. 

Soft  drinks,  18,  35,  36,  37. 

Soldiers  and  Marines,  48,  49,  51,  84,  186,  193, 
241,   219. 

Solomon,  temperance  teachings  of,  63,  214.         : 

Solvent,   alcohol  as,  242.  ' 

Sons  of  Temperance,  2.37,  238,  241. 

"Speak-easies"  (Unlicensed  places  where 
liquors  are  sold),  58. 

Specialism   in    reform,   112. 

Statistics  showing  value  of  prohibition  as 
compared  to  license.  30,  57,  93,  178.  See 
Crime,  Poverty. 

"Strong  drink,"   31,   80. 

Substitutes   for   bar-rooms,    44. 

"Sumptuary  laws,"  177. 

Sunday  opening  and  closing  of  bar-rooms, 
42,   1.32,  239,  241. 

Sunday-schools,  relation  of,  to  intemperance, 
2,  4,  5,  43,  70,  75,  89,  100,  119,  126,  1.30,  1.".4  : 
quarterly  lessons,  246,  247;  blackboard 
lessons  for,  257. 

Supreme  Court,  U.  S.,  143,  238,  246.  See  Cour!;. 

Tatham's    mortality    reports,    104. 

Templars  of  Honor  and   Temperance,  237.   2i',. 

Temptations,   7.3,  83,  89,  99,  102. 

Tenement  house  reform.  111. 

Theatres,    16,   119. 

Tobacco,  10.3,  155,   241,   249.     See   Cigarettes. 

Total  abstinence,  preceded  by  efforts  at  mod- 
eration, 63,  2.30,  2,31;  also  by  abstinence 
from  distilled  liquors  only,  2-31;  first  in- 
dividual declarations  for,  .30,  62,  229;  first 
associations  to  promote.  .39.  46.  2.30,  231  ; 
required  by  the  Bible  fairly  interpreted, 
32,  145,  207;  also  by  other  religious,  145; 
endorsed  by  the  Pope,  132:  arguments  for; 
abstain  for  your  own  sake,  ISO;  life 
prolonged.  ISl ;  financial  benefits.  192; 
mental,  181,  194:  abstain  for  s.ake  of  your 
family  and  your  fellows,  and  for  social 
benefit  of  the  nation  and  tbe  world,  153, 


284 


World  Book  of  Temperance. 


234,    238;    as    related    to    prohibition,    158; 

should    be    followed    by    educational   cam- 
paign, 240.     See  Pledge. 
Treating,   72. 
Travel,  drinks  in,  18. 
Unitarians,    242,   245. 
L'niversalists,  231,   232. 
United  Brethren.  231,  238,  244. 
United    Presbyterians,   240. 
A'ictory  for  right  assured,  91. 
Totes,    120;    for    prohibition,    12,    266;    for    "no 

license,"  230,  245;  for  license,  54,  179. 
Walking   matches.      See  Athletes. 
War,  abstinence  of  soldiers  and  marines   now 

required  or  favored  in,  193.     See  Canteens, 

Soldiers. 
Warnings,  64,   183. 
Washingtonian  Movement,  2.35,  236. 
Waste,  economic  of  drink,  72. 
Watchfulness,  75,  125. 
Water,    hot    as    true    stimulant,    35;    the    best 

drink,    233;    lesson    on,    17.      See    Hygienic 

Index,    6. 


Webster,   Daniel,  intemperate,  83. 

Wells  decorated,  176. 

Whiskey,    defined,   228;    tested,  50;   as    related 

to  milder  drinks,  89. 
"White  slave  traffic,"  178. 
Willard,  Francis  E.,  4,  24.3. 
Wine    (both   fermented   and    unferniented   used 

in    Bible    times),    35,    207,    230;   evil    effects 

of    fermented,    22,    23,    30,    34,    63,    89,    228; 

"domestic,"  13,  36. 
Woman's    Christian    Temperance    Union,    4,    5, 

35,    37,    41,    52,    55,    100,    206,    242,    243,    245, 

246,  247. 
Women,    drinking   of,   209;   work   by,   for   tem- 
perance,  232,  236,  238,  242,  243.     See  W.  C. 

T.   U. 
Worcester  statistics,  68,  148,  251. 
Workingmen  injured  by  drink,  helped  by  total 

abstinence,   14,  45,  71,  77. 
Young    Men's    Christian    Association,    34,     14, 

167,  169. 


GEOGRAPHICAL  INDEX 

Africa,  14,  50,  118,  178,  200,  204,  242,  248,  249. 

Alabama,  250. 

Arabia,  91. 

Armenia,  248. 

Australia,  43,  94,  96,  173.  184,  201,  205,  234,  237, 

239,  240,  241,  242,  245,  246,  247,  249. 
Austria,  239,  245,  246. 
Bahamas,  246. 
Belgium,  19.  103,  248. 
Bermuda,  248. 
Brazil.  247. 

British   Honduras,  248. 
Bulgaria.  246. 
Burma,  174. 
California,  248. 
Canada,  43,  94.  173,  201.  206,  2.30.  232,  2.34,  238, 

239,  241,  242,  244,  247,  248,  249. 
Chili,  246. 
China,  86.  142,   174,  178,  201,   205,  220,  233,   234, 

246,  249,  264. 
Congo  State,  14,  178,  204,  246. 
Connecticut,  231,  2.39,  240. 
Delaware,  238,  2.39,   240. 
Denmark,  244.  246. 
Egypt.  109.  164.  229,  247. 
England,  232,  2.34,  242,  245,  246,  249.     See  Great 

Britain. 
Europe.  34,  204. 
Fiji.  204. 

Finland,  2.39,  245,  247. 
France,   23.   42,   86,    89,    131,   173,    200,    203,    246, 

247,  248. 
Georgia.  2.50 
Germany.  30,  46.  49.  75,  86,  89,  103,  173,  200,  204, 

2.34.   245.   247.   248. 
Great   Britain.   15.  17,  18.  21,  28,   42,  50,  .57,  86, 

103,  200,  203,  230,   234,  239,  242,   249,  250. 
Greece.  247. 

Hawaii.  128.  173,  2.32,  237,  246. 
Hungary.  2.50. 
Iceland.  24S. 
India.  91.  246. 
Illinois,  2.39,  245. 
Indiana.  239,   240,  2.50. 
Iowa.  239. 

Ireland.  234.  240,  241.  242,  248. 
Italy.  18.  247. 
■lamaica.   247. 

.Tapan.  19.  84.  86.  202.  205,  228,  248,  249. 
Kansas.   240.   241.  246. 
Kentucky.  24S. 
Korea.   246. 
Madagascar.  173.  246. 
^ladeira.  247. 

Maine.  177.  231,  2.37.  2-39,  240,   245,  249. 
Manitolia.   247. 
Maryland,  235,  236. 


Massachusetts,   230.  231,  232,  236,  238,  239,  240, 

241,  245,  248,  250. 
Mexico,  242,  247. 
Michigan,  2.39,  240. 
Minnesota,  2.39,  245. 
Mississippi,   250. 
Missouri,  245. 
Nebraska,  239,  240,  245. 
Netherlands.  86.  194,  230,  2.37,  244,  247. 
New  England,  2.30. 
Newfoundland,  246. 
New  Hampshire.  148,  238,  2.39,  249. 
New  Hebrides,  128,  249. 

New  York.  231,  2.36.  2.3S.  239.  240.  242,  2.50. 
New  Zealand,  43,  173,  201,  206,  234,  242,  245, 

247,  249. 
North  Carolina,  239,  250. 
■North   Dakota,    240. 
Norway,  242,  247. 
Nova  Scotia,  247. 
Ohio,  240,  248.  250. 
Oklahoma,  250. 
Ontario,  247. 
Palestine,  .34.  229. 
Panama,   248. 

Pennsylvania,  239,  240,  245. 
Persia.  86. 
Philippines,  86.  249. 
Porto  Rico,  248. 
Portugal.  86. 

Prince  Edward  Island,  247. 
Rhode  Island,  2.30.  231.  2.38.  239.  240. 
Russia.  86,  204,  228,  246,  248,  250. 
Scandinavia.  204. 

Scotland,  28,  203,  239,  240,  241,  242,  247. 
Siam,  86. 

South  Africa,  242.  246,  247. 
South  America,  247. 
South  Carolina,  .59,  240. 
South  Dakota,  240. 
Spain,  17.3,  247. 

Sweden,  1.39,  2.30,  2.32,  2.34,  2.39.  241,  246.  248. 
Switzerland,   50,   88,  234,  242,  246,  247. 
Svria,  248. 
Tasmania,   206. 
Tennessee,  250. 
Transvaal,   88,  247. 
Turkey,  248. 
Tutnila,  249. 
United  States,  18,  44,  57,  86,  88.  197,  201,  206, 

231.  234,  239.  244,  249,  250,  251. 
Vermont.  239,  249. 
Yiririnia.   232.  242. 
Wales.   2.34.  247. 
West   Indies,  248. 
Wisconsin,  239. 


By  Rev.  WILBUR  F.  CRAFTS,  Ph.  D. 

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Rev.    E.   W.   Thwiug,   care  of  Dr.   Seldon, 

Canton,  China. 


BUREAU'S  BRITISH  COUNCE. 


UNIIKD    KlNGDOil    CODNCIL 

Dr.  V.  H.  Rutherford,  M.P., 

Chairman 
Henry  J.  Wilson,  M.P. 
Sir  Wm.  Brampton  Gurdon, 

M.   P. 
J.   Allen  Baker,  M.P. 
Leif.  F.   Jones.   M.P. 
Sir  John  Randies,  M.P. 
G.  A.  Hardy,  M.P. 
G.  P.  Gooch,   M.P. 
A.  Henderson,  M.P. 
T.  B.    Silcock.  M.P. 
R.  Laidlaw.  M.P. 
J.  W.   GuUand.  M.P. 
A.  Lupton,  M.P. 
Corrie  Grant,  M.P. 
Cathcart  Wason,  M.P. 
Sir  Arthur  Bignall,  M.P. 
A.  W.  Black.   M.P. 
John  Clifford,   D.D. 
Rev.  F.  B.  Meyer,  B.A. 
Rev.  F.  B.  Campbell.  B.A. 
Rev.  Robert  Harrison 
Samuel  T.  Mercier,  Esq. 
Geo.   Blalklock.  Esq. 
W.   Williams,  Esq. 
Joshua  Rowntree 
Rev.    G.    A.    Wilson,    Hon. 

Sec. 

Toronto  Couxcil 

Hon.  Justice  McLaren 
John  Charlton.  M.P. 
G.  L.  Marter,  M.L.A. 

Qdebec  Council,  Montreal 

John  R.  Dougall,  Esq. 
Seth  P.  Leet.  K.C. 
Rev.  J.  A.  Gordon 
S.  J.  Carter 
J,  H.  Carson,  Hon.   Sec. 


AUSTRALIAN    COUNCILS 

Mr.  W.  H.  Judkixs,  Dist. 
Sect.     Australasia     and 
South  Seas. 
Australasia  Headquar- 

TERo    COUNCIL. 

Chairman,  Hon.  S.  Mauger, 
M. P.,  Federal  Postmaster- 
General 

Hon.  J.  Balfour,   M.L.C. 

Archdeacon  Hindley 

Mr.   A.  Hoadlev 

Rev.   T.    S.   Woodfull 

Mr.  J.  Griffiths,  Pres. 
Y.M.C.A. 

Mr.  John  Vale,  Sec.  Recha- 
bites 

Mr.  E.  J.  F.  King,  Sec.  Total 
Abstinence  Society 

Mr.  R.  A.  Beckett,  Sec. 
Temp.    Alliance 

Rev.  S.  Pearce  Carey,  M.A. 

Mr.   J.  F.  Barber 

Mr.  Wm.  Halsey 

New  South  Wales  Council 

Chairman,  His  Grace  the 
Archbishop  of  Sydnev 

Mr.  Albert  Bruntnell.  M.P., 
Sec.  N.  S.  W.  Alliance. 

Rev.  D.  E.  Clouston,  D.D.. 
Moderator  General  Pres- 
byterian Church  of  Aus- 
tralia 

Rev.  John  Penman.  Presi- 
dent N.  S.  W.  Methodist 
Conference 

Third  and  fourth  gentlemen 
ex  officio ;  successors  lo 
be  in   council. 

Principal  A.  Harper,  St. 
Andrew's   College 

Canon  Boyce 

Rev.  J.  A.  Cocks 


Rev.  Geo.  T.  Walden 
Rev.  W.  G.  Taylor 
Rev.  Robt.  B.    S.  Hammond 
Mr.  G.   E.  Ardill,  Hon.  Sec. 

(Address  403  Sussex  St.. 

Sydney) 

South  Australia  Council 

Chairman,  Sir  Frederick 
Holder,  M.P.,  Speaker 
Federal  Parliament 

Hon.  Thomas  Price,  Premier 
S.  A. 

Mr.  T.  W.  Fleming 

Rev.  C.  H.  Nield,  Sec.  Anti- 
Gambling  League 

Mr.  Joseph  Vardon,  Pres. 
Y.M.C.A. 

Mr.  R.  J.  Lavis.  Pres.  S.  S. 
Union 

-Mr.  Herbert  Philips 

Mr.  J.  Delahanty,  Sec. 
Temp.  Alliance 

Rev.  A.  X.  Marshall,  Hon. 
Sec,  address  N.  Adelaide 

Bureau's  Headquarters'  Council 
for  Eastern  Asia,  Toldo 
Bishop  M.  C.  Harris, 
Hon.   Sho  Nemoto,  M.P. 
Prof.   Shohkichi  Hata 
Rev.  T.  M.  MacNair,  D.D. 
President  E.   Kamada 
Hon.   Taro  Ando,   President 

Japan  Temperance  League 
Rev.  Gilbert  Bowles,  Sec.  of 

Japan  Peace   Society 
Mr.     J.     M.     Clinton,     Sec. 

Chinese   Y.   M.   C.  A. 
Prof.  E.  W.  Clement 
Rev.    K.   Obata 
Mr.  T.  Sawaya.  C.   E.   Sec. 

for  Japan 
Rev.  C.  S.  Eby,  D.D.,  Dlst. 

Sec. 


